WO2014085573A1 - Line depth augmentation system and method for conversion of 2d images to 3d images - Google Patents
Line depth augmentation system and method for conversion of 2d images to 3d images Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014085573A1 WO2014085573A1 PCT/US2013/072208 US2013072208W WO2014085573A1 WO 2014085573 A1 WO2014085573 A1 WO 2014085573A1 US 2013072208 W US2013072208 W US 2013072208W WO 2014085573 A1 WO2014085573 A1 WO 2014085573A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- depth
- mask
- dimensional
- image
- area
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/20—Image signal generators
- H04N13/261—Image signal generators with monoscopic-to-stereoscopic image conversion
Definitions
- One or more embodiments of the invention are related to the field of image analysis and image enhancement and computer graphics processing of two-dimensional images into three-dimensional images. More particularly, but not by way of limitation, one or more embodiments of the invention enable a line depth augmentation system and method for conversion of 2D images to 3D images. Embodiments enable adding or augmenting lines with depth, for example in cell animation images or other images having limited color range on a region by region basis in which the lines appear, for example without modeling the lines as part of a wireframe or other depth model. This enables rapid conversion of two- dimensional images to three-dimensional images by enabling stereographers to quickly add depth to lines in images without modeling or precisely matching the depth of the line to the region in which the line appears.
- Embodiments may output a stereoscopic image, e.g., a three-dimensional viewing enabled image, such as an anaglyph image or pair of images for left and right eye viewing of different horizontally offset viewpoints for left and right eyes, for example with lines having the desired depth.
- a stereoscopic image e.g., a three-dimensional viewing enabled image, such as an anaglyph image or pair of images for left and right eye viewing of different horizontally offset viewpoints for left and right eyes, for example with lines having the desired depth.
- Three-dimensional images include any type of image or images that provide different left and right eye views to encode depth, some types of three-dimensional images require use of special glasses to ensure the left eye viewpoint is shown to the left eye and the right eye viewpoint is shown to the right eye of an observer.
- Existing systems that are utilized to convert two-dimensional images to three-dimensional images typically require rotoscoping of images to create outlines of regions in the images. The rotoscoped regions are then individually depth adjusted by hand to produce a left and right eye image, or single anaglyph image, or other three-dimensionally viewable image, such as a polarized three-dimensional image viewed with left and right lenses having different polarization angles for example.
- the iterative workflow includes rotoscoping or modeling objects in each frame, adding depth and then rendering the frame into left and right viewpoints forming an anaglyph image or a left and right image pair.
- the typical workflow involves an "iteration", i.e., sending the frames back to the workgroup responsible for masking the objects, (which can be in a country with cheap unskilled labor half way around the world), after which the masks are sent to the workgroup responsible for rendering the images, (again potentially in another country), wherein rendering is accomplished by either shifting input pixels left and right for cell animation images for example or ray tracing the path of light through each pixel in left and right images to simulate the light effects the path of light interacts with and for example bounces off of or through, which is computationally extremely expensive. After rendering, the rendered image pair is sent back to the quality assurance group.
- Embodiments of the invention accept input for example from a person responsible for masking, to mask lines that may be depth augmented using an embodiment of the system for example.
- the mask associated with a line may be automatically or semi-automatically created by the system.
- the system for example may accept an input for the mask and search for high contrast areas and build masks iteratively, pixel-by-pixel through a fill algorithm or operation.
- the mask may be made slightly larger than the line since the color surrounding the line is generally monochrome. Hence, when depth is added to the line there are no artifacts on the edges since the left and right offsets of area surrounding the line place image data that is of the same color in a horizontal offset over the same color.
- the masked lines then may be viewed by a stereographer who then indicates the depths at which to place lines that exist in a two-dimensional image to convert the image to a three-dimensional image.
- the person responsible for masking and the stereographer may work in either order or together on a particular image in parallel or serially as desired.
- the input for depth of a line is accepted by the system and displayed at the depth indicated on the three- dimensional version of the two-dimensional input image.
- the depth may be specified using a graphical input device, such as a graphics drawing tablet.
- depths may be input via a keyboard, or via voice commands while drawing annotation information or symbols for example.
- the line is offset by the proper horizontal left and right amount to make a stereoscopic image or pair of images that enable three-dimensional viewing.
- the line may be adjusted in depth without altering the shape or depth of the region in which the line occurs since there are generally no visual indications of depth in a cell animation region having a single color or small variation of color for example.
- Embodiments of the invention make this process extremely intuitive as the depth to apply to lines is input easily and avoids modeling and the associated labor required to model objects that have lines. Since animated images generally have no visual color variations on monochrome characters or homogenous color portions of objects or regions, the lines may be depth adjusted without applying varying depth of objects to match the depth applied to the lines in those objects, which saves a great deal of time in specify, an adjusting depth of lines, for example without complex modeling or re-rendering. [008] When rendering an image pair, left and right viewpoint images and left and right absolute translation files, or a single relative translation file may be generated and/or utilized by one or more embodiments of the invention.
- the translation files specify the pixel offsets for each source pixel in the original 2D image, for example in relative or absolute form respectively. These files are generally related to an alpha mask for each layer, for example a layer for an actress, a layer for a door, a layer for a background, etc. These translation files, or maps are passed from the depth augmentation group that renders 3D images, to the quality assurance workgroup.
- the Z depth of regions within the image may also be passed along with the alpha mask to the quality assurance group, who may then adjust depth as well without re- rendering with the original rendering software. This may be performed for example with generated missing background data from any layer so as to allow "downstream" real-time editing without re-rendering or ray-tracing for example.
- Quality assurance may give feedback to the masking group or depth augmentation group for individuals so that these individuals may be instructed to produce work product as desired for the given project, without waiting for, or requiring the upstream groups to rework anything for the current project.
- This allows for feedback yet eliminates iterative delays involved with sending work product back for rework and the associated delay for waiting for the reworked work product. Elimination of iterations such as this provide a huge savings in wall-time, or end-to-end time that a conversion project takes, thereby increasing profits and minimizing the workforce needed to implement the workflow.
- embodiments of the invention minimize the time to augment lines with depth, for example for cell animation by accepting or automatically generating masks for lines to avoid modeling objects, or minimize modeling of objects in which the lines appear.
- Embodiments of the system also save time by eliminating re-rendering by other work groups, and allow depth to be correctly input local to a work group.
- Figure 1 shows an architectural view of an embodiment of the system.
- Figure 2 shows an input two-dimensional image having lines at which depth is to be applied without requiring precise modeling of the object in which the lines appear.
- Figure 3 shows a masked version of the two-dimensional image showing masked lines in an object to apply depth to and various regions of the object in which depth can be applied if desired.
- Figure 4 shows annotations for desired depth of one of the lines shown in Figure 3, wherein the annotations may be viewed in three-dimensional depth with anaglyph glasses.
- Figure 5 shows the input image converted to three-dimensional image in anaglyph format, which may be viewed in three-dimensional depth with anaglyph glasses.
- Figure 6 illustrates a close up view of a portion of a line on the region wherein the line does not match the depth of the region but rather implies a depth for the human mind to interpret for the region.
- Figure 7 illustrates a side view of the depth of the region and line shown in Figures 4- 6.
- Figure 8 illustrates an example of a style guide for use in the creation of lines and other regions.
- Figure 1 shows an architectural view of an embodiment of the system 100.
- computer 101 is coupled with any combination of input devices including graphics tablet 102a, keyboard 102b, mouse 102c and/or microphone 102d.
- Computer 101 may obtain a two-dimensional image and display the image on screen 103.
- the image may be obtained from any local or remote memory device associated with or accessible by the computer for example.
- Screen 103 may display a single image that may be viewed at depth, for example as an anaglyph using two different colors shifted left and right that may be viewed with glasses with lenses of two different colors, e.g., Red and Blue to view the image as a three-dimensional image for example.
- the two-dimensional image may have multiple lines within regions that are to be converted to different depths, for example first line 151a, e.g., an eye or eyebrow and second line 151b, a nose for ease of illustration.
- first line 151a e.g., an eye or eyebrow
- second line 151b a nose for ease of illustration.
- Any lines representing any object may be depth augmented using embodiments of the invention.
- Embodiments of the system accept a mask having an area associated with a line, for example in a monochrome region or region that varies little in color, in the two-dimensional source image, for example line 151a or line 151b in the cartoon character shown as a face, that may be of a monochrome color, or limited color range for example that does not provide any visual indication of depth or depth variation.
- a mask having an area associated with a line, for example in a monochrome region or region that varies little in color, in the two-dimensional source image, for example line 151a or line 151b in the cartoon character shown as a face, that may be of a monochrome color, or limited color range for example that does not provide any visual indication of depth or depth variation.
- the methods for building the mask are detailed further below.
- Embodiments of the system also accept a depth associated with the line or lines within the region, for example monochrome region, in the two-dimensional source image via an input device coupled with the computer.
- Embodiments apply the depth to the area of the two-dimensional image defined by the mask to create a three-dimensional image, for example without altering a depth of a remainder of the monochrome region where said mask does not occur.
- Other embodiments enable accepting a second depth for at least a portion of the mask and changing the depth of the output image without any modeling of the region in which the line occurs and without re-rendering or re-ray-tracing.
- Embodiment accept the mask or accept the depth or both by accepting an input from the graphics tablet, or the mouse, or the keyboard, or the microphone or any combination thereof.
- the system accepts an input location within the two- dimensional source image via one of the input devices and obtains the color of the pixel at the input location.
- the area associated with the mask is increased to include all of the contiguous pixels that are within a predetermined range of the color of the pixel, for example analogous to a paint fill operation.
- the predetermined range of the color may be set to a predetermined percentage of a volume of a color space, or predetermined threshold of luminance associated with the color, or set to zero to exactly match the selected pixel's color as a seed for the mask for example.
- Embodiments optionally may increase the size of the mask by a predetermined size, for example a predetermined number of pixels or percentage of thickness of the line or any other method.
- a predetermined size for example a predetermined number of pixels or percentage of thickness of the line or any other method. This provides for a more robust or tolerant depth setting operation that results in less artifacts since the region surrounding the line is primarily or totally of one color. In other words, shifting the line and a small portion of a single color around the line, left and right to create a left and right viewing angle causes the line and the single color near the line to be shifted over the same color when altering the depth of the line.
- One or more embodiments of the system accepts the depth through analysis of motion data obtained from the graphics tablet or mouse, i.e., if the mouse or graphics tablet is sending data indicative of motion away from the user, then the depth may increase, or by moving the mouse or pen on the graphics tablet closer to the user, the depth may decrease.
- the acceptance of depth may be performed by parsing alphanumeric data from the keyboard to determine the depth. This enables a user to type in a positive or negative number and set the area to augment depth associated with the mask through numeric input for example.
- another annotation file may be associated with the two- dimensional source image and that image may be analyzed for script or text via optical character recognition software to obtain depth values.
- voice recognition software may be utilized to input values for depth that are accepted by the system, for example with a particular mask selected via the mouse or graphics tablet, etc.
- Positive or negative numbers may be utilized to indicate further or nearer depth depending on the particular studio or organization that is adding depth and embodiments of the invention may utilize any scale or range or units of measure to indicate depth.
- Any method of creating the resulting three-dimensional image may be utilized include generating a pair of images that includes one image for viewing with a left and right eye respectively.
- the system may generate a single anaglyph image for each input two-dimensional image for viewing with glasses having lenses of two different colors.
- any other type of single image that encodes left and right eye information such as polarized images is in keeping with the spirit of the invention.
- the area of the mask is displaced relative to the original location in the two-dimensional source image left and right based on the depth to create the three-dimensional image.
- Figure 2 shows an input two-dimensional image.
- a character having a monochrome region e.g., the face of the character, having lines, here an eyebrow and nose for example.
- Figure 3 shows a masked version of the two-dimensional image showing regions within each object to optionally apply depth or shapes to. This enables a basic application of depth to an area without highly complex modeling to match the depth shape of the lines in the image.
- the underlying source color associated with the particular regions 360a and 360b are of one color or of a limited color range (see Figure 2) although the region masks 360a-b are shown in different colors to indicate potentially different depths or depth shapes may be applied.
- the underlying source color for regions 360c-e are also one color, (see Figure 2).
- regions 360c-e are masks for underlying areas of one color, or at least close to it, and the lines to be depth adjusted occur thereon, left and right translations of the lines thereon may be performed by masking the lines and generously translating around the lines with slightly enlarged masks to ensure no artifacts occur.
- mask 351a for the underlying line associated with the eyebrow and mask 351b for the underlying line associated with the nose for example are optionally of a predetermined thickness greater than the underlying line.
- the mask region 360d for example may have a basic depth contour applied, but has not color or shading variations and hence the lines on that area may float over them to persuade the human mind that the underlying region actually has depth. Again, minimal application of depth to the background with depth applied to the lines on that limited color range region provides a visual indication of depth to the human mind, without requiring complex modeling of the regions that contain the lines.
- the lines may be animated over time, for example enlarged, morphed or otherwise reshaped or moved or with a varying color for example to enhance the expression of the line.
- the lines may float over the underlying region wherein the human mind does not interpret the region and line as having distinct depths.
- only the lines that need to be depth altered to indicate depth for a region are masked and/or depth modified.
- lines may be automatically selected by the system based on contrast, luminance, color or any other visual component or characteristic, such as thickness of a color area.
- line isolation processing may include a dilation of color and/or blur of the image, followed by a subtraction of the image from the original image to detect lines, which works well in cell animation where objects may be of a homogenous color for example.
- One or more embodiments may highlight all detected lines, lines over a certain length or thickness or curvature or any other feature associated with the lines.
- Embodiments may show the suggested lines for depth application highlighting a suggested mask or inverting a color or in any other manner.
- the lines selected may have boundaries over a certain distance to a different background color so that lines further away from the edge of a character are suggested for depth enhancement for example.
- Embodiments of the invention accept an input to the suggested mask or accept inputs for drawing masks as well.
- Figure 4 shows optional annotations for desired depth at a specific depth for general messages or at the depth of the desired region for example, wherein the annotations may be viewed in three-dimensional depth with anaglyph glasses.
- the two-dimensional image is still in two-dimensions, i.e., the depth across the entire image does not vary.
- the two-dimensional image along with the three-dimensional annotations specify the depths to apply to particular areas or regions and is used as an input to the depth augmentation group for example.
- the depth group then moves the associated regions in depth to match the annotations in an intuitive manner that is extremely fast and provides a built-in sanity check for depth.
- line 451a that represents an eyebrow on a monochrome region is shown without an associated annotation
- line 451b that represents a nose is shown with an annotation that suggests a 10 pixel forward depth shift.
- line 451a may float over the region in which the line appears, however, the human mind interprets the area where the line occurs as having the depth contour associated with the line even if the region does not have this contour or depth shape. This is because the limited color range of the region in which the line appears otherwise gives no visual indication as to the depth of the region.
- Figure 5 shows the input image converted to three-dimensional image in anaglyph format, which may be viewed in three-dimensional depth with anaglyph glasses.
- the individual lines 151a and 151b as shown in Figure 2, having corresponding areas of masks 351a and 351b respectively as shown in Figure 3 are shifted in depth to produce an output three-dimensional image.
- the lines are not generally at the depth of the region in which they appear but are rather the elements in the figure that give the appearance of depth to the region in which the lines appear. This enables simple modeling of depth for the regions in which the lines appear as opposed to the creation of a 3D wire model, or other sophisticated volumetric module to be applied to each region.
- the generous masking applied to the lines minimize the tracking of the lines between frame to frame while still providing the appearance of depth applied to the line and thus implied to the human mind for the whole region.
- Figure 6 illustrates a close up view of a portion of a line on the region wherein the line does not match the depth of the region but rather implies a depth for the human mind to interpret for the region.
- line 451a is of a depth that does not necessary correspond to the shape of, or the depth of the region in which the line resides.
- Figure 7 illustrates a side view of the depth of the region and line shown in Figures 4- 6 wherein line 451a has had a depth added to portions of the line to offset line 451a from regions 360f and 360g in which the line appears.
- the depth of line 451a has been offset from regions 360f and 360g in order to give regions 360f and 360g an implied depth without requiring modeling of the underlying region with wireframe models, etc.
- This method may be applied to a line that lies in one region or multiple regions as described for exemplary purposes. This enables an extremely fast method for providing one or more regions with implied depth without requiring extensive depth modeling for the region or regions.
- region 360f may have a simple curve or other depth offset applied as is shown in the exemplary side view of Figure 7 while the depth of line 451a is adjusted with a slightly larger mask than the line so as to imply depth to the region.
- any masking errors are basically undetectable to the human eye as the shifted over- masked area falls on the same color background when shifted horizontally for left and right eye stereoscopic viewing.
- the human eye believes the entire region to be at the depth contour provided by the line, however the amount of labor required to add depth to the image is greatly lowered with embodiments of the invention. See also Figure 6 with anaglyph glasses to view the lines at a different depth than the background.
- Figure 8 illustrates an example of a style guide for use in the creation of lines and other regions, e.g., the eyelashes, the mole, the chin, etc.
- the instructions 801 for augmenting lines with depth are shown for example in a key frame.
- the instructions are then utilized to focus work on the lines that depth may be added to in order to minimize work, for example to minimize modeling of the regions having lines. This enables consistent work product to be generated for a particular scene and further lowers the amount of effort that is performed in augmenting a scene with depth.
- embodiments of the invention minimize the amount of work required to generate depth associated with lines for areas without requiring complex modeling of the areas and enable the lines to be altered without complex remodeling or re-rendering.
Abstract
A line depth augmentation system and method for conversion of 2D images to 3D images. Enables adding depth to regions by altering depth of lines in the regions, for example in cell animation images or regions of limited color range. Eliminates creation of wireframe or other depth models and complex modeling of regions to match the depth of lines therein. Enables rapid conversion of two-dimensional images to three-dimensional images by enabling stereographers to quickly add/alter line depth without artifacts in images for example lines in monochrome regions. Embodiments may output a stereoscopic image pair of images with lines having desired depth, or any other three-dimensional viewing enabled image, such as an anaglyph image. Although the lines may be of a different depth than the region they appear in, the human mind interprets the monochromatic region as having depth associated with the line.
Description
LINE DEPTH AUGMENTATION SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CONVERSION OF 2D IMAGES TO 3D IMAGES
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[001] One or more embodiments of the invention are related to the field of image analysis and image enhancement and computer graphics processing of two-dimensional images into three-dimensional images. More particularly, but not by way of limitation, one or more embodiments of the invention enable a line depth augmentation system and method for conversion of 2D images to 3D images. Embodiments enable adding or augmenting lines with depth, for example in cell animation images or other images having limited color range on a region by region basis in which the lines appear, for example without modeling the lines as part of a wireframe or other depth model. This enables rapid conversion of two- dimensional images to three-dimensional images by enabling stereographers to quickly add depth to lines in images without modeling or precisely matching the depth of the line to the region in which the line appears. Embodiments may output a stereoscopic image, e.g., a three-dimensional viewing enabled image, such as an anaglyph image or pair of images for left and right eye viewing of different horizontally offset viewpoints for left and right eyes, for example with lines having the desired depth.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART
[002] Three-dimensional images include any type of image or images that provide different left and right eye views to encode depth, some types of three-dimensional images require use of special glasses to ensure the left eye viewpoint is shown to the left eye and the right eye viewpoint is shown to the right eye of an observer. Existing systems that are utilized to convert two-dimensional images to three-dimensional images typically require rotoscoping of
images to create outlines of regions in the images. The rotoscoped regions are then individually depth adjusted by hand to produce a left and right eye image, or single anaglyph image, or other three-dimensionally viewable image, such as a polarized three-dimensional image viewed with left and right lenses having different polarization angles for example.
[003] Current methods of adding depth to regions including lines require stereographers to add depth to the region in which line occurs. This is the case since all regions in an image that are to be depth modified are modeled in known systems regardless of whether or not they contain limited colors that do not have visual indications of depth. In other words, areas where the lines exist must generally be modeled to be part of a three-dimensional shape, e.g., a sphere or other volume. Thus, time is required to model areas in cell animation that does not necessarily need to be precisely modeled since the areas surrounding the lines may be of a single color, or of limited range for example.
[004] In addition, typical methods for converting movies from 2D to 3D that may include hundreds of thousands of frames require tremendous amount of labor for modeling, and generally utilize an iterative workflow for correcting errors. The iterative workflow includes rotoscoping or modeling objects in each frame, adding depth and then rendering the frame into left and right viewpoints forming an anaglyph image or a left and right image pair. If there are errors in the edges of the masked objects for example, then the typical workflow involves an "iteration", i.e., sending the frames back to the workgroup responsible for masking the objects, (which can be in a country with cheap unskilled labor half way around the world), after which the masks are sent to the workgroup responsible for rendering the images, (again potentially in another country), wherein rendering is accomplished by either shifting input pixels left and right for cell animation images for example or ray tracing the path of light through each pixel in left and right images to simulate the light effects the path of light interacts with and for example bounces off of or through, which is computationally
extremely expensive. After rendering, the rendered image pair is sent back to the quality assurance group. It is not uncommon in this workflow environment for many iterations of a complicated frame to take place. This is known as "throw it over the fence" workflow since different workgroups work independently to minimize their current workload and not as a team with overall efficiency in mind. With hundreds of thousands of frames in a movie, the amount of time that it takes to iterate back through frames containing artifacts can become high, causing delays in the overall project. Even if the re-rendering process takes place locally, the amount of time to re-render or ray-trace all of the images of a scene can cause significant processing and hence delays on the order of at least hours. Each iteration may take a long period of time to complete as the work may be performed by groups in disparate locations having shifted work hours. Eliminating much of the modeling of objects that do not need to be modeled due to their lack of visual indications of depth as is the case in cell animation generally would provide a huge savings in wall-time, or end-to-end time that a conversion project takes, thereby increasing profits and minimizing the workforce needed to implement the workflow.
[005] Hence there is a need for a line depth augmentation system and method for conversion of 2D images to 3D.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[006] Embodiments of the invention accept input for example from a person responsible for masking, to mask lines that may be depth augmented using an embodiment of the system for example. In one or more embodiments, the mask associated with a line may be automatically or semi-automatically created by the system. The system for example may accept an input for the mask and search for high contrast areas and build masks iteratively, pixel-by-pixel through a fill algorithm or operation. In one or more embodiments, the mask may be made slightly larger than the line since the color surrounding the line is generally monochrome.
Hence, when depth is added to the line there are no artifacts on the edges since the left and right offsets of area surrounding the line place image data that is of the same color in a horizontal offset over the same color. If the person who is responsible for masking creates masks first, the masked lines then may be viewed by a stereographer who then indicates the depths at which to place lines that exist in a two-dimensional image to convert the image to a three-dimensional image. Alternatively or in combination, the person responsible for masking and the stereographer may work in either order or together on a particular image in parallel or serially as desired. In one or more embodiments of the invention, the input for depth of a line is accepted by the system and displayed at the depth indicated on the three- dimensional version of the two-dimensional input image. In one or more embodiments, the depth may be specified using a graphical input device, such as a graphics drawing tablet. In other embodiments or in combination, depths may be input via a keyboard, or via voice commands while drawing annotation information or symbols for example. After the depth is associated with the respective line, the line is offset by the proper horizontal left and right amount to make a stereoscopic image or pair of images that enable three-dimensional viewing. The line may be adjusted in depth without altering the shape or depth of the region in which the line occurs since there are generally no visual indications of depth in a cell animation region having a single color or small variation of color for example.
[007] Embodiments of the invention make this process extremely intuitive as the depth to apply to lines is input easily and avoids modeling and the associated labor required to model objects that have lines. Since animated images generally have no visual color variations on monochrome characters or homogenous color portions of objects or regions, the lines may be depth adjusted without applying varying depth of objects to match the depth applied to the lines in those objects, which saves a great deal of time in specify, an adjusting depth of lines, for example without complex modeling or re-rendering.
[008] When rendering an image pair, left and right viewpoint images and left and right absolute translation files, or a single relative translation file may be generated and/or utilized by one or more embodiments of the invention. The translation files specify the pixel offsets for each source pixel in the original 2D image, for example in relative or absolute form respectively. These files are generally related to an alpha mask for each layer, for example a layer for an actress, a layer for a door, a layer for a background, etc. These translation files, or maps are passed from the depth augmentation group that renders 3D images, to the quality assurance workgroup. This allows the quality assurance workgroup (or other workgroup such as the depth augmentation group) to perform real-time editing of 3D images without re- rendering for example to alter layers/colors/masks and/or remove artifacts such as masking errors without delays associated with processing time/re-rendering and/or iterative workflow that requires such re-rendering or sending the masks back to the mask group for rework, wherein the mask group may be in a third world country with unskilled labor on the other side of the globe. In addition, when rendering the left and right images, i.e., 3D images, the Z depth of regions within the image, such as actors for example, may also be passed along with the alpha mask to the quality assurance group, who may then adjust depth as well without re- rendering with the original rendering software. This may be performed for example with generated missing background data from any layer so as to allow "downstream" real-time editing without re-rendering or ray-tracing for example.
[009] Quality assurance may give feedback to the masking group or depth augmentation group for individuals so that these individuals may be instructed to produce work product as desired for the given project, without waiting for, or requiring the upstream groups to rework anything for the current project. This allows for feedback yet eliminates iterative delays involved with sending work product back for rework and the associated delay for waiting for the reworked work product. Elimination of iterations such as this provide a huge savings in
wall-time, or end-to-end time that a conversion project takes, thereby increasing profits and minimizing the workforce needed to implement the workflow.
[0010] In summary, embodiments of the invention minimize the time to augment lines with depth, for example for cell animation by accepting or automatically generating masks for lines to avoid modeling objects, or minimize modeling of objects in which the lines appear. Embodiments of the system also save time by eliminating re-rendering by other work groups, and allow depth to be correctly input local to a work group.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0011] Figure 1 shows an architectural view of an embodiment of the system.
[0012] Figure 2 shows an input two-dimensional image having lines at which depth is to be applied without requiring precise modeling of the object in which the lines appear.
[0013] Figure 3 shows a masked version of the two-dimensional image showing masked lines in an object to apply depth to and various regions of the object in which depth can be applied if desired.
[0014] Figure 4 shows annotations for desired depth of one of the lines shown in Figure 3, wherein the annotations may be viewed in three-dimensional depth with anaglyph glasses.
[0015] Figure 5 shows the input image converted to three-dimensional image in anaglyph format, which may be viewed in three-dimensional depth with anaglyph glasses.
[0016] Figure 6 illustrates a close up view of a portion of a line on the region wherein the line does not match the depth of the region but rather implies a depth for the human mind to interpret for the region.
[0017] Figure 7 illustrates a side view of the depth of the region and line shown in Figures 4- 6.
[0018] Figure 8 illustrates an example of a style guide for use in the creation of lines and other regions.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0019] Figure 1 shows an architectural view of an embodiment of the system 100. As illustrated, computer 101 is coupled with any combination of input devices including graphics tablet 102a, keyboard 102b, mouse 102c and/or microphone 102d. Computer 101 may obtain a two-dimensional image and display the image on screen 103. The image may be obtained from any local or remote memory device associated with or accessible by the computer for example. Screen 103 may display a single image that may be viewed at depth, for example as an anaglyph using two different colors shifted left and right that may be viewed with glasses with lenses of two different colors, e.g., Red and Blue to view the image as a three-dimensional image for example. In general, the two-dimensional image may have multiple lines within regions that are to be converted to different depths, for example first line 151a, e.g., an eye or eyebrow and second line 151b, a nose for ease of illustration. Any lines representing any object may be depth augmented using embodiments of the invention.
[0020] Embodiments of the system accept a mask having an area associated with a line, for example in a monochrome region or region that varies little in color, in the two-dimensional source image, for example line 151a or line 151b in the cartoon character shown as a face, that may be of a monochrome color, or limited color range for example that does not provide any visual indication of depth or depth variation. The methods for building the mask are detailed further below. Embodiments of the system also accept a depth associated with the line or lines within the region, for example monochrome region, in the two-dimensional source image via an input device coupled with the computer. Embodiments apply the depth to the area of the two-dimensional image defined by the mask to create a three-dimensional image, for example without altering a depth of a remainder of the monochrome region where
said mask does not occur. Other embodiments enable accepting a second depth for at least a portion of the mask and changing the depth of the output image without any modeling of the region in which the line occurs and without re-rendering or re-ray-tracing.
[0021] Embodiment accept the mask or accept the depth or both by accepting an input from the graphics tablet, or the mouse, or the keyboard, or the microphone or any combination thereof. In one or more embodiments the system accepts an input location within the two- dimensional source image via one of the input devices and obtains the color of the pixel at the input location. The area associated with the mask is increased to include all of the contiguous pixels that are within a predetermined range of the color of the pixel, for example analogous to a paint fill operation. The predetermined range of the color may be set to a predetermined percentage of a volume of a color space, or predetermined threshold of luminance associated with the color, or set to zero to exactly match the selected pixel's color as a seed for the mask for example. Embodiments optionally may increase the size of the mask by a predetermined size, for example a predetermined number of pixels or percentage of thickness of the line or any other method. This provides for a more robust or tolerant depth setting operation that results in less artifacts since the region surrounding the line is primarily or totally of one color. In other words, shifting the line and a small portion of a single color around the line, left and right to create a left and right viewing angle causes the line and the single color near the line to be shifted over the same color when altering the depth of the line. Thus, the area surrounding the line does not have to be remodeled or re-rendered to change the depth of the line and since there are no visual indications of depth in the surrounding area the lines potentially float above the area, however the human eye cannot detect this since the area surrounding the line is of one color. Hence, a great deal of modeling is bypassed with depth of an area interpreted by the human mind as having the depth of the line at the differing depth on the single color area.
[0022] One or more embodiments of the system accepts the depth through analysis of motion data obtained from the graphics tablet or mouse, i.e., if the mouse or graphics tablet is sending data indicative of motion away from the user, then the depth may increase, or by moving the mouse or pen on the graphics tablet closer to the user, the depth may decrease. Alternatively or in combination, the acceptance of depth may be performed by parsing alphanumeric data from the keyboard to determine the depth. This enables a user to type in a positive or negative number and set the area to augment depth associated with the mask through numeric input for example. In one or more embodiments another annotation file may be associated with the two- dimensional source image and that image may be analyzed for script or text via optical character recognition software to obtain depth values. Alternatively or in combination, voice recognition software may be utilized to input values for depth that are accepted by the system, for example with a particular mask selected via the mouse or graphics tablet, etc. Positive or negative numbers may be utilized to indicate further or nearer depth depending on the particular studio or organization that is adding depth and embodiments of the invention may utilize any scale or range or units of measure to indicate depth.
[0023] Any method of creating the resulting three-dimensional image may be utilized include generating a pair of images that includes one image for viewing with a left and right eye respectively. Alternatively, the system may generate a single anaglyph image for each input two-dimensional image for viewing with glasses having lenses of two different colors. In addition, any other type of single image that encodes left and right eye information such as polarized images is in keeping with the spirit of the invention. Regardless of the type of output image technology utilized to view the image, the area of the mask is displaced relative to the original location in the two-dimensional source image left and right based on the depth to create the three-dimensional image.
[0024] Figure 2 shows an input two-dimensional image. As shown, a character having a monochrome region, e.g., the face of the character, having lines, here an eyebrow and nose for example. Figure 3 shows a masked version of the two-dimensional image showing regions within each object to optionally apply depth or shapes to. This enables a basic application of depth to an area without highly complex modeling to match the depth shape of the lines in the image. The underlying source color associated with the particular regions 360a and 360b are of one color or of a limited color range (see Figure 2) although the region masks 360a-b are shown in different colors to indicate potentially different depths or depth shapes may be applied. The underlying source color for regions 360c-e are also one color, (see Figure 2). Since regions 360c-e are masks for underlying areas of one color, or at least close to it, and the lines to be depth adjusted occur thereon, left and right translations of the lines thereon may be performed by masking the lines and generously translating around the lines with slightly enlarged masks to ensure no artifacts occur. For example, in one or more embodiments, mask 351a for the underlying line associated with the eyebrow and mask 351b for the underlying line associated with the nose for example are optionally of a predetermined thickness greater than the underlying line. Moving the lines with a portion of the surrounding color obtained by the slightly larger mask 351a-b to the left and right to provide two viewpoints for stereoscopic viewing occurs without complex matching of the line shape to the underlying shape of the region and without artifacts since the color surrounding the shifted foreground line is displaced onto on the same color when generating a left or right eye translated viewpoint. This allows for a different depth or contour that varies in depth to be applied to the lines to indicate depth to the object for the human mind to fill in, that otherwise has no visual indication of depth by altering the depth of the line. In other words, the mask region 360d for example may have a basic depth contour applied, but has not color or shading variations and hence the lines on that area may float over them to persuade the human mind
that the underlying region actually has depth. Again, minimal application of depth to the background with depth applied to the lines on that limited color range region provides a visual indication of depth to the human mind, without requiring complex modeling of the regions that contain the lines.
[0025] In one or more embodiments, the lines may be animated over time, for example enlarged, morphed or otherwise reshaped or moved or with a varying color for example to enhance the expression of the line. This saves a tremendous amount of time since the background region or regions that have common boundaries are not required to be remodeled or rendered again to simply changed the apparent human recognizable depth of the region, since the depth of the region can be implied to the human mind by changing the depth profile of the line in the region. Hence, the lines may float over the underlying region wherein the human mind does not interpret the region and line as having distinct depths. In addition, only the lines that need to be depth altered to indicate depth for a region are masked and/or depth modified.
[0026] The other great benefit of one or more embodiments is that for traditional cell animation, lines slightly move from one frame to the next when a human has drawn the lines. In this scenario, using a slightly larger mask than the line enables less tweening or mask reshaping or mask moving to following the exact shape of the line. Hence, a slightly larger mask enables far less work in tracking the mask through a scene.
[0027] In one or more embodiments, lines may be automatically selected by the system based on contrast, luminance, color or any other visual component or characteristic, such as thickness of a color area. For example, in one or more embodiment, line isolation processing may include a dilation of color and/or blur of the image, followed by a subtraction of the image from the original image to detect lines, which works well in cell animation where objects may be of a homogenous color for example. One or more embodiments may
highlight all detected lines, lines over a certain length or thickness or curvature or any other feature associated with the lines. Embodiments may show the suggested lines for depth application highlighting a suggested mask or inverting a color or in any other manner. In one or more embodiments, the lines selected may have boundaries over a certain distance to a different background color so that lines further away from the edge of a character are suggested for depth enhancement for example. Embodiments of the invention accept an input to the suggested mask or accept inputs for drawing masks as well.
[0028] Figure 4 shows optional annotations for desired depth at a specific depth for general messages or at the depth of the desired region for example, wherein the annotations may be viewed in three-dimensional depth with anaglyph glasses. As shown, the two-dimensional image is still in two-dimensions, i.e., the depth across the entire image does not vary. In other words, the two-dimensional image along with the three-dimensional annotations specify the depths to apply to particular areas or regions and is used as an input to the depth augmentation group for example. The depth group then moves the associated regions in depth to match the annotations in an intuitive manner that is extremely fast and provides a built-in sanity check for depth. Using this method, it is inherently verifiable whether a depth of a region is at or about at the depth of the associated annotation. As shown, line 451a that represents an eyebrow on a monochrome region is shown without an associated annotation, while line 451b that represents a nose is shown with an annotation that suggests a 10 pixel forward depth shift. In one or more embodiments, line 451a may float over the region in which the line appears, however, the human mind interprets the area where the line occurs as having the depth contour associated with the line even if the region does not have this contour or depth shape. This is because the limited color range of the region in which the line appears otherwise gives no visual indication as to the depth of the region. Hence, the human mind fills in the depth of the region according to the depth of the line.
[0029] Figure 5 shows the input image converted to three-dimensional image in anaglyph format, which may be viewed in three-dimensional depth with anaglyph glasses. As shown, the individual lines 151a and 151b as shown in Figure 2, having corresponding areas of masks 351a and 351b respectively as shown in Figure 3 are shifted in depth to produce an output three-dimensional image. The lines are not generally at the depth of the region in which they appear but are rather the elements in the figure that give the appearance of depth to the region in which the lines appear. This enables simple modeling of depth for the regions in which the lines appear as opposed to the creation of a 3D wire model, or other sophisticated volumetric module to be applied to each region. As the cell animation moves around from frame to frame, for example based on individual artistic hand drawn lines, the generous masking applied to the lines minimize the tracking of the lines between frame to frame while still providing the appearance of depth applied to the line and thus implied to the human mind for the whole region.
[0030] Figure 6 illustrates a close up view of a portion of a line on the region wherein the line does not match the depth of the region but rather implies a depth for the human mind to interpret for the region. As shown in close up, line 451a is of a depth that does not necessary correspond to the shape of, or the depth of the region in which the line resides.
[0031] Figure 7 illustrates a side view of the depth of the region and line shown in Figures 4- 6 wherein line 451a has had a depth added to portions of the line to offset line 451a from regions 360f and 360g in which the line appears. As shown by dotted depth indicators 701 for illustrative purposes, the depth of line 451a has been offset from regions 360f and 360g in order to give regions 360f and 360g an implied depth without requiring modeling of the underlying region with wireframe models, etc. This method may be applied to a line that lies in one region or multiple regions as described for exemplary purposes. This enables an extremely fast method for providing one or more regions with implied depth without
requiring extensive depth modeling for the region or regions. For example region 360f may have a simple curve or other depth offset applied as is shown in the exemplary side view of Figure 7 while the depth of line 451a is adjusted with a slightly larger mask than the line so as to imply depth to the region. Given the underlying regions of a single or nearly single color, any masking errors are basically undetectable to the human eye as the shifted over- masked area falls on the same color background when shifted horizontally for left and right eye stereoscopic viewing. The human eye believes the entire region to be at the depth contour provided by the line, however the amount of labor required to add depth to the image is greatly lowered with embodiments of the invention. See also Figure 6 with anaglyph glasses to view the lines at a different depth than the background.
[0032] Figure 8 illustrates an example of a style guide for use in the creation of lines and other regions, e.g., the eyelashes, the mole, the chin, etc. As shown, the instructions 801 for augmenting lines with depth are shown for example in a key frame. The instructions are then utilized to focus work on the lines that depth may be added to in order to minimize work, for example to minimize modeling of the regions having lines. This enables consistent work product to be generated for a particular scene and further lowers the amount of effort that is performed in augmenting a scene with depth.
[0033] As illustrated, embodiments of the invention minimize the amount of work required to generate depth associated with lines for areas without requiring complex modeling of the areas and enable the lines to be altered without complex remodeling or re-rendering.
[0034] While the invention herein disclosed has been described by means of specific embodiments and applications thereof, numerous modifications and variations could be made thereto by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention set forth in the claims.
Claims
1. A three-dimensional annotation method for conversion of two-dimensional images to three-dimensional images comprising:
obtaining a two-dimensional source image;
displaying said two-dimensional source image on a screen associated with a first computer; accepting a mask having an area associated with a line in a monochrome region in said two- dimensional source image;
accepting a depth associated with said line within said monochrome region in said two- dimensional source image via an input device coupled with said first computer;
applying said depth to said area of said mask in said two-dimensional image to create a three- dimensional image without altering a depth of a remainder of the monochrome region where said mask does not occur.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said input device comprises a graphics tablet, mouse, keyboard or microphone or any combination thereof and wherein said accepting said mask or accepting said depth or both, comprises accepting input from said graphics tablet, or said mouse, or said keyboard, or said microphone or any combination thereof.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein said accepting said mask further comprises:
accepting an input location within said two-dimensional source image;
obtaining a color of a pixel at said input location;
increasing said area of said mask to include all contiguous pixels that are within a
predetermined range of said color of said pixel.
4. The method of claim 3 further comprises setting said predetermined range of said color to a predetermined percentage of a volume of a color space.
5. The method of claim 3 further comprises setting said predetermined range of said color to a predetermined threshold of luminance associated with said color.
6. The method of claim 3 further comprises setting said predetermined range of said color to zero so that contiguous pixels have said color to be included in said area of said mask.
7. The method of claim 3 wherein said increasing said area of said mask further comprises: increasing said area of said mask by a predetermined number of pixels.
8. The method of claim 2 wherein obtaining said depth comprises analyzing motion data obtained from said graphics tablet or mouse, or parsing alphanumeric data from said keyboard to determine said depth.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein obtaining said depth comprises analyzing annotations associated with said mask.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein obtaining said depth comprises asserting voice recognition software.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein said applying said depth to said area of said mask in said two-dimensional image to create a three-dimensional image comprises generating a pair of images comprising an image for viewing with a left and right eye respectively.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein said applying said depth to said area of said mask in said two-dimensional image to create a three-dimensional image comprises generating an anaglyph image.
13. The method of claim 1 wherein said applying said depth to said area of said mask in said two-dimensional image to create a three-dimensional image comprises generating an polarized image.
14. The method of claim 1 wherein said applying said depth to said area of said mask in said two-dimensional image to create a three-dimensional image comprises generating single image capable of displaying differing depths.
15. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
displacing at least said area of said mask in said two-dimensional source image left and right based on said depth to create said three-dimensional image.
16. A three-dimensional annotation method for conversion of two-dimensional images to three- dimensional images comprising:
obtaining a two-dimensional source image;
displaying said two-dimensional source image on a screen associated with a first computer; accepting a mask having an area associated with a line in a monochrome region in said two- dimensional source image via an input device coupled with said first computer wherein said input device comprises any combination of graphics tablet, mouse, keyboard or microphone;
accepting a depth associated with said line within said monochrome region in said two- dimensional source image via an input device coupled with said first computer wherein said accepting said depth comprises accepting input from said graphics tablet, or said mouse, or said keyboard, or said microphone or analyzing annotations associated with said mask or any combination thereof;
applying said depth to said area of said mask in said two-dimensional image to create a three- dimensional image without altering a depth of a remainder of the monochrome region where said mask does not occur.
17. The method of claim 16 wherein said accepting said mask further comprises:
accepting an input location within said two-dimensional source image;
obtaining a color of a pixel at said input location;
increasing said area of said mask to include all contiguous pixels that are within a
predetermined range of said color of said pixel.
18. The method of claim 17 further comprises setting said predetermined range of said color to a predetermined percentage of a volume of a color space or a predetermined threshold of luminance associated with said color.
19. The method of claim 17 wherein said increasing said area of said mask further comprises: increasing said area of said mask by a predetermined number of pixels.
20. The method of claim 16 further comprising:
displacing at least said area of said mask in said two-dimensional source image left and right based on said depth to create said three-dimensional image.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/686,907 | 2012-11-27 | ||
US13/686,907 US9007365B2 (en) | 2012-11-27 | 2012-11-27 | Line depth augmentation system and method for conversion of 2D images to 3D images |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2014085573A1 true WO2014085573A1 (en) | 2014-06-05 |
Family
ID=50772872
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2013/072208 WO2014085573A1 (en) | 2012-11-27 | 2013-11-27 | Line depth augmentation system and method for conversion of 2d images to 3d images |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9007365B2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014085573A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106033418B (en) | 2015-03-10 | 2020-01-31 | 阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司 | Voice adding and playing method and device, and picture classifying and retrieving method and device |
US10735707B2 (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2020-08-04 | International Business Machines Corporation | Generating three-dimensional imagery |
US11928833B2 (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2024-03-12 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Generation of points identifying displaced portions of an image |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090002368A1 (en) * | 2007-06-26 | 2009-01-01 | Nokia Corporation | Method, apparatus and a computer program product for utilizing a graphical processing unit to provide depth information for autostereoscopic display |
US20090219383A1 (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2009-09-03 | Charles Gregory Passmore | Image depth augmentation system and method |
US20110188773A1 (en) * | 2010-02-04 | 2011-08-04 | Jianing Wei | Fast Depth Map Generation for 2D to 3D Conversion |
KR20120095059A (en) * | 2011-02-18 | 2012-08-28 | (주)스튜디오 로프트 | Method of converting 2d images to 3d images |
Family Cites Families (300)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2593925A (en) | 1948-10-05 | 1952-04-22 | Sheldon Edward Emanuel | Device for color projection of invisible rays |
US2804500A (en) | 1953-10-01 | 1957-08-27 | Rca Corp | Color interpretation system |
US2799722A (en) | 1954-04-26 | 1957-07-16 | Adalia Ltd | Reproduction with localized corrections |
US2874212A (en) | 1955-07-29 | 1959-02-17 | Rca Corp | Generator of color images from monochrome television signals |
US2883763A (en) | 1956-09-28 | 1959-04-28 | Otto F Schaper | Carrier landing trainer |
US2974190A (en) | 1957-12-09 | 1961-03-07 | Columbia Broadcasting Syst Inc | Electronic matting apparatus |
US3005042A (en) | 1958-04-17 | 1961-10-17 | David S Horsley | Electronic motion picture printer |
US3258528A (en) | 1963-06-18 | 1966-06-28 | Gen Precision Inc | Converter for changing a black and white television signal to a color television signal |
US3551589A (en) | 1967-03-23 | 1970-12-29 | Ward Electronic Ind | Apparatus for converting monochrome television signals to color signals |
US3558811A (en) | 1967-05-25 | 1971-01-26 | Xerox Corp | Graphic communication electrical interface system |
US3486242A (en) | 1967-05-29 | 1969-12-30 | Us Navy | Assault boat coxswain trainer |
US3560644A (en) | 1968-02-29 | 1971-02-02 | Us Navy | Multiple projection television system |
US3621127A (en) | 1969-02-13 | 1971-11-16 | Karl Hope | Synchronized stereoscopic system |
US3595987A (en) | 1969-02-20 | 1971-07-27 | Ass Motion Picture Tv Prod | Electronic composite photography |
US3617626A (en) | 1969-05-16 | 1971-11-02 | Technicolor | High-definition color picture editing and recording system |
US3612755A (en) | 1969-07-03 | 1971-10-12 | Dorothea Weitzner | Color pattern generator |
US3619051A (en) | 1969-10-23 | 1971-11-09 | Norman Wright Productions Inc | Production of color films from monochromatic film |
US3761607A (en) | 1969-11-03 | 1973-09-25 | Technicolor | Video monochrom to color conversion |
US3603962A (en) | 1970-03-18 | 1971-09-07 | Rca Corp | Color display for computer terminal |
US3647942A (en) | 1970-04-23 | 1972-03-07 | Eric J Siegel | Video color synthesizer |
US3731995A (en) | 1970-10-29 | 1973-05-08 | Instructional Dynamics | Method and apparatus for producing animated motion pictures |
US3710011A (en) | 1970-12-04 | 1973-01-09 | Computer Image Corp | System for automatically producing a color display of a scene from a black and white representation of the scene |
US3673317A (en) | 1970-12-30 | 1972-06-27 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Comparitive display of images in color |
US3772465A (en) | 1971-06-09 | 1973-11-13 | Ass Of Motion Picture Televisi | Image modification of motion pictures |
US3742125A (en) | 1971-06-11 | 1973-06-26 | Electronic Visions Inc | Color video abstract synthesizer |
US3784736A (en) | 1971-09-17 | 1974-01-08 | J Novak | Method and apparatus for converting monochrome pictures to multi-color pictures electronically |
US3706841A (en) | 1971-09-17 | 1972-12-19 | Joseph F Novak | Method and apparatus for converting monochrome pictures to multi-color pictures electronically |
US3705762A (en) | 1971-09-20 | 1972-12-12 | Color Systems Inc | Method for converting black-and-white films to color films |
US3770885A (en) | 1971-10-21 | 1973-11-06 | Us Navy | Color electronic periscope view simulator |
US3737567A (en) | 1971-10-25 | 1973-06-05 | S Kratomi | Stereoscopic apparatus having liquid crystal filter viewer |
US3770884A (en) | 1972-02-07 | 1973-11-06 | Us Navy | Luminance control circuit for multi-color periscope view simulator |
US3769458A (en) | 1972-05-23 | 1973-10-30 | Us Navy | Color electronic synthesizer |
US4021846A (en) | 1972-09-25 | 1977-05-03 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Liquid crystal stereoscopic viewer |
US3851955A (en) | 1973-02-05 | 1974-12-03 | Marks Polarized Corp | Apparatus for converting motion picture projectors for stereo display |
US4183633A (en) | 1973-02-05 | 1980-01-15 | Marks Polarized Corporation | Motion picture film for three dimensional projection |
US4017166A (en) | 1973-02-05 | 1977-04-12 | Marks Polarized Corporation | Motion picture film for three dimensional projection |
US3848856A (en) | 1973-10-01 | 1974-11-19 | Hazeltine Corp | Local correction apparatus for a color previewer |
US4168885A (en) | 1974-11-18 | 1979-09-25 | Marks Polarized Corporation | Compatible 3-dimensional motion picture projection system |
US3972067A (en) | 1975-01-17 | 1976-07-27 | The Singer Company | Color video synthesizer with monochrome input |
GB1547666A (en) | 1975-04-05 | 1979-06-27 | Nippon Electric Co | Video signal coding system |
US3971068A (en) | 1975-08-22 | 1976-07-20 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Image processing system |
US4021841A (en) | 1975-12-31 | 1977-05-03 | Ralph Weinger | Color video synthesizer with improved image control means |
US4189744A (en) | 1976-12-20 | 1980-02-19 | New York Institute Of Technology | Apparatus for generating signals representing operator-selected portions of a scene |
US4189743A (en) | 1976-12-20 | 1980-02-19 | New York Institute Of Technology | Apparatus and method for automatic coloration and/or shading of images |
US4149185A (en) | 1977-03-04 | 1979-04-10 | Ralph Weinger | Apparatus and method for animated conversion of black and white video to color |
US4235503A (en) | 1978-05-08 | 1980-11-25 | Condon Chris J | Film projection lens system for 3-D movies |
US4183046A (en) | 1978-08-17 | 1980-01-08 | Interpretation Systems Incorporated | Electronic apparatus for converting digital image or graphics data to color video display formats and method therefor |
US4258385A (en) | 1979-05-15 | 1981-03-24 | Combined Logic Company | Interactive video production system and method |
DE3024459A1 (en) | 1979-07-03 | 1981-01-08 | Crosfield Electronics Ltd | PYRAMID INTERPOLATION |
EP0024862A3 (en) | 1979-09-04 | 1981-03-25 | Harold Charles Taylor | Video apparatus for visualing effects of selected juxtaposed colours |
US4318121A (en) | 1980-05-06 | 1982-03-02 | Jason Taite | Interior decor composition and display systems |
US4436369A (en) | 1981-09-08 | 1984-03-13 | Optimax Iii, Inc. | Stereoscopic lens system |
US4617592A (en) | 1982-03-11 | 1986-10-14 | Crosfield Electronics Limited | Video retouching system |
GB8306339D0 (en) | 1982-03-19 | 1983-04-13 | Quantel Ltd | Video processing systems |
US4549172A (en) | 1982-06-21 | 1985-10-22 | Motorola, Inc. | Multicolor display from monochrome or multicolor control unit |
US4645459A (en) | 1982-07-30 | 1987-02-24 | Honeywell Inc. | Computer generated synthesized imagery |
US4600919A (en) | 1982-08-03 | 1986-07-15 | New York Institute Of Technology | Three dimensional animation |
JPS6052190B2 (en) | 1982-10-08 | 1985-11-18 | 神奈川県 | Method for refining waste fluorocarbon-based synthetic lubricating oil |
SU1192168A1 (en) | 1982-11-09 | 1985-11-15 | Vladimir A Gornykh | Method and apparatus for generating and reproducing television signal of pseudostereoscopic picture |
JPS59116736A (en) | 1982-12-24 | 1984-07-05 | Fuotoron:Kk | Stereoscopic projector |
US4475104A (en) | 1983-01-17 | 1984-10-02 | Lexidata Corporation | Three-dimensional display system |
US4603952A (en) | 1983-04-18 | 1986-08-05 | Sybenga John R | Professional stereoscopic projection |
CA1258118A (en) | 1983-05-05 | 1989-08-01 | Wilson Markle | Method of, and apparatus for, colouring a black and white video signal |
US4925294A (en) | 1986-12-17 | 1990-05-15 | Geshwind David M | Method to convert two dimensional motion pictures for three-dimensional systems |
US5050984A (en) | 1983-05-09 | 1991-09-24 | Geshwind David M | Method for colorizing footage |
US6590573B1 (en) | 1983-05-09 | 2003-07-08 | David Michael Geshwind | Interactive computer system for creating three-dimensional image information and for converting two-dimensional image information for three-dimensional display systems |
US4606625A (en) | 1983-05-09 | 1986-08-19 | Geshwind David M | Method for colorizing black and white footage |
US4755870A (en) | 1983-07-11 | 1988-07-05 | Colorization Inc. | Coloring a black and white signal using motion detection |
US4608596A (en) | 1983-09-09 | 1986-08-26 | New York Institute Of Technology | System for colorizing video with both pseudo-colors and selected colors |
US4700181A (en) | 1983-09-30 | 1987-10-13 | Computer Graphics Laboratories, Inc. | Graphics display system |
US4558359A (en) | 1983-11-01 | 1985-12-10 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Anaglyphic stereoscopic image apparatus and method |
US4647965A (en) | 1983-11-02 | 1987-03-03 | Imsand Donald J | Picture processing system for three dimensional movies and video systems |
US4723159A (en) | 1983-11-02 | 1988-02-02 | Imsand Donald J | Three dimensional television and video systems |
US4590511A (en) | 1984-01-03 | 1986-05-20 | Honeywell Inc. | Circuit for converting the phase encoded hue information of a quadrature modulated color subcarrier into distinct analog voltage levels |
GB8405947D0 (en) | 1984-03-07 | 1984-04-11 | Quantel Ltd | Video signal processing systems |
US4694329A (en) | 1984-04-09 | 1987-09-15 | Corporate Communications Consultants, Inc. | Color correction system and method with scene-change detection |
US4721951A (en) | 1984-04-27 | 1988-01-26 | Ampex Corporation | Method and apparatus for color selection and production |
US4697178A (en) | 1984-06-29 | 1987-09-29 | Megatek Corporation | Computer graphics system for real-time calculation and display of the perspective view of three-dimensional scenes |
GB8422209D0 (en) | 1984-09-03 | 1984-10-10 | Crosfield Electronics Ltd | Image retouching |
US4642676A (en) | 1984-09-10 | 1987-02-10 | Color Systems Technology, Inc. | Priority masking techniques for video special effects |
US4760390A (en) | 1985-02-25 | 1988-07-26 | Computer Graphics Laboratories, Inc. | Graphics display system and method with enhanced instruction data and processing |
JPH0681275B2 (en) | 1985-04-03 | 1994-10-12 | ソニー株式会社 | Image converter |
US4827255A (en) | 1985-05-31 | 1989-05-02 | Ascii Corporation | Display control system which produces varying patterns to reduce flickering |
JPS62216478A (en) | 1986-03-17 | 1987-09-24 | Dainippon Screen Mfg Co Ltd | Tint laying device |
US4888713B1 (en) | 1986-09-05 | 1993-10-12 | Cdi Technologies, Inc. | Surface detail mapping system |
US4758908A (en) | 1986-09-12 | 1988-07-19 | Fred James | Method and apparatus for substituting a higher quality audio soundtrack for a lesser quality audio soundtrack during reproduction of the lesser quality audio soundtrack and a corresponding visual picture |
US4809065A (en) | 1986-12-01 | 1989-02-28 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Interactive system and related method for displaying data to produce a three-dimensional image of an object |
US4725879A (en) | 1987-03-27 | 1988-02-16 | Honeywell Inc. | Chroma responsive inspection apparatus selectively producing analog voltage levels based on the luminance, the phase of the chrominance subcarrier, or the amplitude of the chrominance subcarrier |
WO1989001270A1 (en) | 1987-07-27 | 1989-02-09 | Geshwind David M | A method for transmitting high-definition television over low-bandwidth channels |
US5093717A (en) | 1987-08-03 | 1992-03-03 | American Film Technologies, Inc. | System and method for digitally coloring images |
US4984072A (en) | 1987-08-03 | 1991-01-08 | American Film Technologies, Inc. | System and method for color image enhancement |
IE76718B1 (en) | 1987-08-03 | 1997-11-19 | American Film Tech | System and method for color image enhancement |
DE3736790A1 (en) | 1987-10-30 | 1989-05-11 | Broadcast Television Syst | METHOD FOR AUTOMATICALLY CORRECTING IMAGE ERRORS IN FILM SCANNING |
US4918624A (en) | 1988-02-05 | 1990-04-17 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Vector generator scan converter |
US4933670A (en) | 1988-07-21 | 1990-06-12 | Picker International, Inc. | Multi-axis trackball |
US4952051A (en) | 1988-09-27 | 1990-08-28 | Lovell Douglas C | Method and apparatus for producing animated drawings and in-between drawings |
US5177474A (en) | 1989-09-13 | 1993-01-05 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Three-dimensional display apparatus |
US5237647A (en) | 1989-09-15 | 1993-08-17 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Computer aided drawing in three dimensions |
US5038161A (en) | 1990-01-08 | 1991-08-06 | Ki Lui S | Method and a camera for combination pictures in a photograph |
JP2621568B2 (en) | 1990-01-11 | 1997-06-18 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Graphic drawing method and apparatus |
US5428721A (en) | 1990-02-07 | 1995-06-27 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Data processing apparatus for editing image by using image conversion |
US5002387A (en) | 1990-03-23 | 1991-03-26 | Imax Systems Corporation | Projection synchronization system |
US5252953A (en) | 1990-05-22 | 1993-10-12 | American Film Technologies, Inc. | Computergraphic animation system |
US5181181A (en) | 1990-09-27 | 1993-01-19 | Triton Technologies, Inc. | Computer apparatus input device for three-dimensional information |
US5481321A (en) | 1991-01-29 | 1996-01-02 | Stereographics Corp. | Stereoscopic motion picture projection system |
US5185852A (en) | 1991-05-31 | 1993-02-09 | Digital Equipment Corporation | Antialiasing apparatus and method for computer printers |
US5347620A (en) | 1991-09-05 | 1994-09-13 | Zimmer Mark A | System and method for digital rendering of images and printed articulation |
JPH06503695A (en) | 1991-10-07 | 1994-04-21 | イーストマン コダック カンパニー | A compositing interface for arranging the components of special effects jobs for film production. |
US7006881B1 (en) | 1991-12-23 | 2006-02-28 | Steven Hoffberg | Media recording device with remote graphic user interface |
US5262856A (en) | 1992-06-04 | 1993-11-16 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Video image compositing techniques |
US5328073A (en) | 1992-06-24 | 1994-07-12 | Eastman Kodak Company | Film registration and ironing gate assembly |
US5973700A (en) | 1992-09-16 | 1999-10-26 | Eastman Kodak Company | Method and apparatus for optimizing the resolution of images which have an apparent depth |
US5534915A (en) | 1992-09-30 | 1996-07-09 | American Film Technologies, Inc. | Method of color enhancing a monochrome image using multiple base colors for selected regions of the monochrome image |
US6011581A (en) | 1992-11-16 | 2000-01-04 | Reveo, Inc. | Intelligent method and system for producing and displaying stereoscopically-multiplexed images of three-dimensional objects for use in realistic stereoscopic viewing thereof in interactive virtual reality display environments |
US5402191A (en) | 1992-12-09 | 1995-03-28 | Imax Corporation | Method and apparatus for presenting stereoscopic images |
US5495576A (en) | 1993-01-11 | 1996-02-27 | Ritchey; Kurtis J. | Panoramic image based virtual reality/telepresence audio-visual system and method |
JP3230618B2 (en) | 1993-03-05 | 2001-11-19 | 株式会社日立メディコ | Radiation stereoscopic imaging equipment |
US5717454A (en) | 1993-07-14 | 1998-02-10 | Lifetouch Portrait Studios, Inc. | Method and apparatus for creating posing masks on video screen |
US5739844A (en) | 1994-02-04 | 1998-04-14 | Sanyo Electric Co. Ltd. | Method of converting two-dimensional image into three-dimensional image |
JP3486461B2 (en) | 1994-06-24 | 2004-01-13 | キヤノン株式会社 | Image processing apparatus and method |
JPH08186844A (en) | 1994-12-28 | 1996-07-16 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Stereoscopic picture generator and stereoscopic picture generating method |
JP3568606B2 (en) | 1995-01-17 | 2004-09-22 | 富士写真フイルム株式会社 | Image noise reduction processing method |
JP3265893B2 (en) | 1995-02-13 | 2002-03-18 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Image display device |
US5729471A (en) | 1995-03-31 | 1998-03-17 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Machine dynamic selection of one video camera/image of a scene from multiple video cameras/images of the scene in accordance with a particular perspective on the scene, an object in the scene, or an event in the scene |
US5899861A (en) | 1995-03-31 | 1999-05-04 | Siemens Medical Systems, Inc. | 3-dimensional volume by aggregating ultrasound fields of view |
US5699444A (en) | 1995-03-31 | 1997-12-16 | Synthonics Incorporated | Methods and apparatus for using image data to determine camera location and orientation |
US5742291A (en) | 1995-05-09 | 1998-04-21 | Synthonics Incorporated | Method and apparatus for creation of three-dimensional wire frames |
JPH08331473A (en) | 1995-05-29 | 1996-12-13 | Hitachi Ltd | Display device for television signal |
US5684715A (en) | 1995-06-07 | 1997-11-04 | Canon Information Systems, Inc. | Interactive video system with dynamic video object descriptors |
GB9513658D0 (en) | 1995-07-05 | 1995-09-06 | Philips Electronics Uk Ltd | Autostereoscopic display apparatus |
JP2994232B2 (en) | 1995-07-28 | 1999-12-27 | ウシオ電機株式会社 | Mask-to-mask or mask-to-work alignment method and apparatus |
US6005582A (en) | 1995-08-04 | 1999-12-21 | Microsoft Corporation | Method and system for texture mapping images with anisotropic filtering |
US6049628A (en) | 1995-09-01 | 2000-04-11 | Cerulean Colorization Llc | Polygon reshaping in picture colorization |
US6263101B1 (en) | 1995-09-01 | 2001-07-17 | Cerulean Colorization Llc | Filtering in picture colorization |
US5959673A (en) | 1995-10-05 | 1999-09-28 | Microsoft Corporation | Transform coding of dense motion vector fields for frame and object based video coding applications |
CA2187614C (en) | 1995-10-10 | 2002-11-26 | Jonathan Erland | Traveling mat backing |
US5912994A (en) | 1995-10-27 | 1999-06-15 | Cerulean Colorization Llc | Methods for defining mask of substantially color-homogeneous regions of digitized picture stock |
JP4392060B2 (en) | 1995-12-19 | 2009-12-24 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ | Parallax depth dependent pixel shift |
US6088006A (en) | 1995-12-20 | 2000-07-11 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Stereoscopic image generating system for substantially matching visual range with vergence distance |
US5748199A (en) | 1995-12-20 | 1998-05-05 | Synthonics Incorporated | Method and apparatus for converting a two dimensional motion picture into a three dimensional motion picture |
US5835163A (en) | 1995-12-21 | 1998-11-10 | Siemens Corporate Research, Inc. | Apparatus for detecting a cut in a video |
AUPN732395A0 (en) | 1995-12-22 | 1996-01-25 | Xenotech Research Pty Ltd | Image conversion and encoding techniques |
US5973831A (en) | 1996-01-22 | 1999-10-26 | Kleinberger; Paul | Systems for three-dimensional viewing using light polarizing layers |
US5841512A (en) | 1996-02-27 | 1998-11-24 | Goodhill; Dean Kenneth | Methods of previewing and editing motion pictures |
AU1983397A (en) | 1996-02-29 | 1997-09-16 | Acuson Corporation | Multiple ultrasound image registration system, method and transducer |
US5880788A (en) | 1996-03-25 | 1999-03-09 | Interval Research Corporation | Automated synchronization of video image sequences to new soundtracks |
US5867169A (en) | 1996-04-17 | 1999-02-02 | Pixar | Method and apparatus for manipulating color values in a computer graphics system |
US6184937B1 (en) | 1996-04-29 | 2001-02-06 | Princeton Video Image, Inc. | Audio enhanced electronic insertion of indicia into video |
JP3258236B2 (en) | 1996-05-28 | 2002-02-18 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Multimedia information transfer system |
US5778108A (en) | 1996-06-07 | 1998-07-07 | Electronic Data Systems Corporation | Method and system for detecting transitional markers such as uniform fields in a video signal |
US5767923A (en) | 1996-06-07 | 1998-06-16 | Electronic Data Systems Corporation | Method and system for detecting cuts in a video signal |
US5959697A (en) | 1996-06-07 | 1999-09-28 | Electronic Data Systems Corporation | Method and system for detecting dissolve transitions in a video signal |
US5920360A (en) | 1996-06-07 | 1999-07-06 | Electronic Data Systems Corporation | Method and system for detecting fade transitions in a video signal |
EP0817123B1 (en) | 1996-06-27 | 2001-09-12 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Stereoscopic display system and method |
US6061067A (en) | 1996-08-02 | 2000-05-09 | Autodesk, Inc. | Applying modifiers to objects based on the types of the objects |
US6108005A (en) | 1996-08-30 | 2000-08-22 | Space Corporation | Method for producing a synthesized stereoscopic image |
GB9619119D0 (en) | 1996-09-12 | 1996-10-23 | Discreet Logic Inc | Processing image |
US20030093790A1 (en) | 2000-03-28 | 2003-05-15 | Logan James D. | Audio and video program recording, editing and playback systems using metadata |
DE69716088T2 (en) | 1996-12-19 | 2003-06-18 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DISPLAYING AN AUTOSTEREOGRAM |
US5990903A (en) | 1997-02-03 | 1999-11-23 | Micron Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for performing chroma key, transparency and fog operations |
US6727938B1 (en) | 1997-04-14 | 2004-04-27 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Security system with maskable motion detection and camera with an adjustable field of view |
US6067125A (en) | 1997-05-15 | 2000-05-23 | Minerva Systems | Structure and method for film grain noise reduction |
US6492986B1 (en) | 1997-06-02 | 2002-12-10 | The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Method for human face shape and motion estimation based on integrating optical flow and deformable models |
US6141433A (en) | 1997-06-19 | 2000-10-31 | Ncr Corporation | System and method for segmenting image regions from a scene likely to represent particular objects in the scene |
US6031564A (en) | 1997-07-07 | 2000-02-29 | Reveo, Inc. | Method and apparatus for monoscopic to stereoscopic image conversion |
AUPO894497A0 (en) | 1997-09-02 | 1997-09-25 | Xenotech Research Pty Ltd | Image processing method and apparatus |
AUPP048097A0 (en) | 1997-11-21 | 1997-12-18 | Xenotech Research Pty Ltd | Eye tracking apparatus |
US6166744A (en) | 1997-11-26 | 2000-12-26 | Pathfinder Systems, Inc. | System for combining virtual images with real-world scenes |
US6119123A (en) | 1997-12-02 | 2000-09-12 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Apparatus and method for optimizing keyframe and blob retrieval and storage |
ID27878A (en) | 1997-12-05 | 2001-05-03 | Dynamic Digital Depth Res Pty | IMAGE IMPROVED IMAGE CONVERSION AND ENCODING ENGINEERING |
JP4056154B2 (en) | 1997-12-30 | 2008-03-05 | 三星電子株式会社 | 2D continuous video 3D video conversion apparatus and method, and 3D video post-processing method |
US6973434B2 (en) | 1998-01-09 | 2005-12-06 | Millermed Software, Inc. | Computer-based system for automating administrative procedures in an office |
US6226015B1 (en) | 1998-02-25 | 2001-05-01 | Intel Corporation | Method of automatically producing sketches and cartoon images from movies |
US6847737B1 (en) | 1998-03-13 | 2005-01-25 | University Of Houston System | Methods for performing DAF data filtering and padding |
US6271859B1 (en) | 1998-04-06 | 2001-08-07 | Adobe Systems Incorporated | Recoloring art work |
US6677944B1 (en) | 1998-04-14 | 2004-01-13 | Shima Seiki Manufacturing Limited | Three-dimensional image generating apparatus that creates a three-dimensional model from a two-dimensional image by image processing |
US6957341B2 (en) | 1998-05-14 | 2005-10-18 | Purdue Research Foundation | Method and system for secure computational outsourcing and disguise |
US7116324B2 (en) | 1998-05-27 | 2006-10-03 | In-Three, Inc. | Method for minimizing visual artifacts converting two-dimensional motion pictures into three-dimensional motion pictures |
US20050146521A1 (en) | 1998-05-27 | 2005-07-07 | Kaye Michael C. | Method for creating and presenting an accurate reproduction of three-dimensional images converted from two-dimensional images |
US7102633B2 (en) | 1998-05-27 | 2006-09-05 | In-Three, Inc. | Method for conforming objects to a common depth perspective for converting two-dimensional images into three-dimensional images |
US6515659B1 (en) | 1998-05-27 | 2003-02-04 | In-Three, Inc. | Method and system for creating realistic smooth three-dimensional depth contours from two-dimensional images |
US6208348B1 (en) | 1998-05-27 | 2001-03-27 | In-Three, Inc. | System and method for dimensionalization processing of images in consideration of a pedetermined image projection format |
US7116323B2 (en) | 1998-05-27 | 2006-10-03 | In-Three, Inc. | Method of hidden surface reconstruction for creating accurate three-dimensional images converted from two-dimensional images |
US6056691A (en) | 1998-06-24 | 2000-05-02 | Ecton, Inc. | System for collecting ultrasound imaging data at an adjustable collection image frame rate |
US6456340B1 (en) | 1998-08-12 | 2002-09-24 | Pixonics, Llc | Apparatus and method for performing image transforms in a digital display system |
US6480822B2 (en) | 1998-08-24 | 2002-11-12 | Conexant Systems, Inc. | Low complexity random codebook structure |
US6466205B2 (en) | 1998-11-19 | 2002-10-15 | Push Entertainment, Inc. | System and method for creating 3D models from 2D sequential image data |
US6707487B1 (en) | 1998-11-20 | 2004-03-16 | In The Play, Inc. | Method for representing real-time motion |
US6364835B1 (en) | 1998-11-20 | 2002-04-02 | Acuson Corporation | Medical diagnostic ultrasound imaging methods for extended field of view |
GB2344037B (en) | 1998-11-20 | 2003-01-22 | Ibm | A method and apparatus for adjusting the display scale of an image |
AUPP727598A0 (en) | 1998-11-23 | 1998-12-17 | Dynamic Digital Depth Research Pty Ltd | Improved teleconferencing system |
US6390980B1 (en) | 1998-12-07 | 2002-05-21 | Atl Ultrasound, Inc. | Spatial compounding with ultrasonic doppler signal information |
US6373970B1 (en) | 1998-12-29 | 2002-04-16 | General Electric Company | Image registration using fourier phase matching |
US6606166B1 (en) | 1999-04-30 | 2003-08-12 | Adobe Systems Incorporated | Pattern dithering |
AUPQ101899A0 (en) | 1999-06-17 | 1999-07-08 | Dynamic Digital Depth Research Pty Ltd | Image enhancement system |
AUPQ119799A0 (en) | 1999-06-25 | 1999-07-22 | Dynamic Digital Depth Research Pty Ltd | Ddc/3 image conversion and encoding techniques |
JP3722653B2 (en) | 1999-08-31 | 2005-11-30 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | Surveillance camera device and display method of surveillance camera |
US6662357B1 (en) | 1999-08-31 | 2003-12-09 | Accenture Llp | Managing information in an integrated development architecture framework |
GB2354389A (en) | 1999-09-15 | 2001-03-21 | Sharp Kk | Stereo images with comfortable perceived depth |
US6964009B2 (en) | 1999-10-21 | 2005-11-08 | Automated Media Processing Solutions, Inc. | Automated media delivery system |
US20010025267A1 (en) | 2000-01-14 | 2001-09-27 | Stephen Janiszewski | System and method for facilitating bidding transactions and conducting project management utilizing software metric collection |
US20030069777A1 (en) | 2000-01-31 | 2003-04-10 | Zvi Or-Bach | Integrated system for providing remote outsourcing of services |
CA2399706C (en) | 2000-02-11 | 2006-01-24 | Comsat Corporation | Background noise reduction in sinusoidal based speech coding systems |
US6737957B1 (en) | 2000-02-16 | 2004-05-18 | Verance Corporation | Remote control signaling using audio watermarks |
US6509926B1 (en) | 2000-02-17 | 2003-01-21 | Sensormatic Electronics Corporation | Surveillance apparatus for camera surveillance system |
US6807290B2 (en) | 2000-03-09 | 2004-10-19 | Microsoft Corporation | Rapid computer modeling of faces for animation |
US20020049778A1 (en) | 2000-03-31 | 2002-04-25 | Bell Peter W. | System and method of information outsourcing |
US7254265B2 (en) | 2000-04-01 | 2007-08-07 | Newsight Corporation | Methods and systems for 2D/3D image conversion and optimization |
US6665798B1 (en) | 2000-04-27 | 2003-12-16 | International Business Machines Corporation | System for assigning data processing activities to users through an interactive display interface dynamically granting access only during activity to normally inaccessible resources needed for activity |
US6611268B1 (en) | 2000-05-30 | 2003-08-26 | Microsoft Corporation | System and process for generating 3D video textures using video-based rendering techniques |
US20010051913A1 (en) | 2000-06-07 | 2001-12-13 | Avinash Vashistha | Method and system for outsourcing information technology projects and services |
WO2001097531A2 (en) | 2000-06-12 | 2001-12-20 | Vrex, Inc. | Electronic stereoscopic media delivery system |
KR20040041082A (en) | 2000-07-24 | 2004-05-13 | 비브콤 인코포레이티드 | System and method for indexing, searching, identifying, and editing portions of electronic multimedia files |
CA2418089A1 (en) | 2000-08-04 | 2002-02-14 | Dynamic Digital Depth Research Pty Ltd. | Image conversion and encoding technique |
MXPA03001171A (en) | 2000-08-09 | 2003-06-30 | Dynamic Digital Depth Res Pty | Image conversion and encoding techniques. |
JP3819841B2 (en) | 2000-08-18 | 2006-09-13 | 株式会社アマダ | Outsourcing service equipment for electronic drawing data |
US6416477B1 (en) | 2000-08-22 | 2002-07-09 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Ultrasonic diagnostic systems with spatial compounded panoramic imaging |
US7000223B1 (en) | 2000-09-08 | 2006-02-14 | Corel Corporation | Method and apparatus for preparing a definition to control automated data processing |
US6686591B2 (en) | 2000-09-18 | 2004-02-03 | Holon Co., Ltd | Apparatus for inspecting mask |
EP1354292B1 (en) | 2000-12-01 | 2012-04-04 | Imax Corporation | Method and apparatus FOR DEVELOPING HIGH-RESOLUTION IMAGERY |
US7117231B2 (en) | 2000-12-07 | 2006-10-03 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and system for the automatic generation of multi-lingual synchronized sub-titles for audiovisual data |
US7461002B2 (en) | 2001-04-13 | 2008-12-02 | Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation | Method for time aligning audio signals using characterizations based on auditory events |
MXPA03010039A (en) | 2001-05-04 | 2004-12-06 | Legend Films Llc | Image sequence enhancement system and method. |
US6965379B2 (en) | 2001-05-08 | 2005-11-15 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | N-view synthesis from monocular video of certain broadcast and stored mass media content |
JP2003046982A (en) | 2001-07-30 | 2003-02-14 | Wowow Inc | System for participating in cheer in tv broadcast |
US7343082B2 (en) | 2001-09-12 | 2008-03-11 | Ryshco Media Inc. | Universal guide track |
US20030097423A1 (en) | 2001-10-26 | 2003-05-22 | Yuka Ozawa | Preview system for data broadcast contents |
US20050188297A1 (en) | 2001-11-01 | 2005-08-25 | Automatic E-Learning, Llc | Multi-audio add/drop deterministic animation synchronization |
US6859523B1 (en) | 2001-11-14 | 2005-02-22 | Qgenisys, Inc. | Universal task management system, method and product for automatically managing remote workers, including assessing the work product and workers |
US7032177B2 (en) | 2001-12-27 | 2006-04-18 | Digeo, Inc. | Method and system for distributing personalized editions of media programs using bookmarks |
JP3673217B2 (en) | 2001-12-20 | 2005-07-20 | オリンパス株式会社 | Video display device |
US8150235B2 (en) | 2002-02-08 | 2012-04-03 | Intel Corporation | Method of home media server control |
US7333519B2 (en) | 2002-04-23 | 2008-02-19 | Gateway Inc. | Method of manually fine tuning audio synchronization of a home network |
US6791542B2 (en) | 2002-06-17 | 2004-09-14 | Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc. | Modeling 3D objects with opacity hulls |
JP2004040445A (en) | 2002-07-03 | 2004-02-05 | Sharp Corp | Portable equipment having 3d display function and 3d transformation program |
US7308139B2 (en) | 2002-07-12 | 2007-12-11 | Chroma Energy, Inc. | Method, system, and apparatus for color representation of seismic data and associated measurements |
US7519990B1 (en) | 2002-07-19 | 2009-04-14 | Fortinet, Inc. | Managing network traffic flow |
US7027054B1 (en) | 2002-08-14 | 2006-04-11 | Avaworks, Incorporated | Do-it-yourself photo realistic talking head creation system and method |
US20030046656A1 (en) | 2002-08-29 | 2003-03-06 | Asha Saxena | Information technology outsourcing hubs |
US7024054B2 (en) | 2002-09-27 | 2006-04-04 | Eastman Kodak Company | Method and system for generating a foreground mask for a composite image |
US8108488B2 (en) | 2002-11-18 | 2012-01-31 | Jackbe Corporation | System and method for reducing bandwidth requirements for remote applications by utilizing client processing power |
JP2004207985A (en) | 2002-12-25 | 2004-07-22 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Digital camera |
KR100505334B1 (en) | 2003-03-28 | 2005-08-04 | (주)플렛디스 | Real-time stereoscopic image conversion apparatus using motion parallaxr |
US7576332B2 (en) | 2003-08-01 | 2009-08-18 | St. George's Healthcare Nhs Trust | Imaging system |
US7136075B1 (en) | 2003-08-26 | 2006-11-14 | Adobe Systems Incorporated | Compositing in the presence of different transparencies |
US7532225B2 (en) | 2003-09-18 | 2009-05-12 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Three-dimensional image display device |
US20050088515A1 (en) | 2003-10-23 | 2005-04-28 | Geng Z. J. | Camera ring for three-dimensional (3D) surface imaging |
US7663689B2 (en) | 2004-01-16 | 2010-02-16 | Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. | Method and apparatus for optimizing capture device settings through depth information |
US7505035B2 (en) | 2004-04-19 | 2009-03-17 | Oki Semiconductor Co., Ltd. | Power-down circuit for a display device |
US7542034B2 (en) | 2004-09-23 | 2009-06-02 | Conversion Works, Inc. | System and method for processing video images |
US20080246836A1 (en) | 2004-09-23 | 2008-10-09 | Conversion Works, Inc. | System and method for processing video images for camera recreation |
US20080259073A1 (en) | 2004-09-23 | 2008-10-23 | Conversion Works, Inc. | System and method for processing video images |
KR100603601B1 (en) | 2004-11-08 | 2006-07-24 | 한국전자통신연구원 | Apparatus and Method for Production Multi-view Contents |
CA2529112A1 (en) | 2004-12-28 | 2006-06-28 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Methods for processing image and/or spectral data for enhanced embryo classification |
US7639876B2 (en) * | 2005-01-14 | 2009-12-29 | Advanced Digital Systems, Inc. | System and method for associating handwritten information with one or more objects |
WO2006078237A1 (en) | 2005-01-15 | 2006-07-27 | In-Three, Inc. | Method for converting two-dimensional images to three-dimensional images using depth perspective |
KR20070119018A (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2007-12-18 | 크레이그 써머스 | Automatic scene modeling for the 3d camera and 3d video |
US7512262B2 (en) | 2005-02-25 | 2009-03-31 | Microsoft Corporation | Stereo-based image processing |
US8300841B2 (en) | 2005-06-03 | 2012-10-30 | Apple Inc. | Techniques for presenting sound effects on a portable media player |
US7079075B1 (en) | 2005-06-07 | 2006-07-18 | Trimble Navigation Limited | GPS rover station for synthesizing synthetic reference phases for controlling accuracy of high integrity positions |
US20070102622A1 (en) | 2005-07-01 | 2007-05-10 | Olsen Richard I | Apparatus for multiple camera devices and method of operating same |
US7944454B2 (en) | 2005-09-07 | 2011-05-17 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | System and method for user monitoring interface of 3-D video streams from multiple cameras |
JP2007199684A (en) | 2005-12-28 | 2007-08-09 | Canon Inc | Image display apparatus |
US20070260634A1 (en) | 2006-05-04 | 2007-11-08 | Nokia Corporation | Apparatus, system, method, and computer program product for synchronizing the presentation of media content |
US7742642B2 (en) * | 2006-05-30 | 2010-06-22 | Expedata, Llc | System and method for automated reading of handwriting |
US7573489B2 (en) | 2006-06-01 | 2009-08-11 | Industrial Light & Magic | Infilling for 2D to 3D image conversion |
US7573475B2 (en) | 2006-06-01 | 2009-08-11 | Industrial Light & Magic | 2D to 3D image conversion |
CA2653815C (en) | 2006-06-23 | 2016-10-04 | Imax Corporation | Methods and systems for converting 2d motion pictures for stereoscopic 3d exhibition |
US7623755B2 (en) | 2006-08-17 | 2009-11-24 | Adobe Systems Incorporated | Techniques for positioning audio and video clips |
US7948558B2 (en) | 2006-09-29 | 2011-05-24 | The Directv Group, Inc. | Audio video timing measurement and synchronization |
US7568057B2 (en) | 2006-12-19 | 2009-07-28 | Intel Corporation | Method and apparatus for maintaining synchronization of audio in a computing system |
KR20090092839A (en) | 2006-12-19 | 2009-09-01 | 코닌클리케 필립스 일렉트로닉스 엔.브이. | Method and system to convert 2d video into 3d video |
JP5022025B2 (en) | 2006-12-27 | 2012-09-12 | インターナショナル・ビジネス・マシーンズ・コーポレーション | A method and apparatus for synchronizing content data streams and metadata. |
US8655052B2 (en) | 2007-01-26 | 2014-02-18 | Intellectual Discovery Co., Ltd. | Methodology for 3D scene reconstruction from 2D image sequences |
US20080225059A1 (en) | 2007-03-12 | 2008-09-18 | Conversion Works, Inc. | System and method for using off-screen mask space to provide enhanced viewing |
US20080226194A1 (en) | 2007-03-12 | 2008-09-18 | Conversion Works, Inc. | Systems and methods for treating occlusions in 2-d to 3-d image conversion |
US20080225040A1 (en) | 2007-03-12 | 2008-09-18 | Conversion Works, Inc. | System and method of treating semi-transparent features in the conversion of two-dimensional images to three-dimensional images |
US20080225042A1 (en) | 2007-03-12 | 2008-09-18 | Conversion Works, Inc. | Systems and methods for allowing a user to dynamically manipulate stereoscopic parameters |
US20080226128A1 (en) | 2007-03-12 | 2008-09-18 | Conversion Works, Inc. | System and method for using feature tracking techniques for the generation of masks in the conversion of two-dimensional images to three-dimensional images |
US8274530B2 (en) | 2007-03-12 | 2012-09-25 | Conversion Works, Inc. | Systems and methods for filling occluded information for 2-D to 3-D conversion |
US20080225045A1 (en) | 2007-03-12 | 2008-09-18 | Conversion Works, Inc. | Systems and methods for 2-d to 3-d image conversion using mask to model, or model to mask, conversion |
US20080226160A1 (en) | 2007-03-12 | 2008-09-18 | Conversion Works, Inc. | Systems and methods for filling light in frames during 2-d to 3-d image conversion |
US20080226181A1 (en) | 2007-03-12 | 2008-09-18 | Conversion Works, Inc. | Systems and methods for depth peeling using stereoscopic variables during the rendering of 2-d to 3-d images |
US20080228449A1 (en) | 2007-03-12 | 2008-09-18 | Conversion Works, Inc. | Systems and methods for 2-d to 3-d conversion using depth access segments to define an object |
US20080227075A1 (en) | 2007-03-15 | 2008-09-18 | Ctb/Mcgraw-Hill, Llc | Method and system for redundant data capture from scanned documents |
JP4835659B2 (en) | 2007-07-30 | 2011-12-14 | コワングウーン ユニバーシティー リサーチ インスティテュート フォー インダストリー コーオペレーション | 2D-3D combined display method and apparatus with integrated video background |
US7630533B2 (en) | 2007-09-20 | 2009-12-08 | Hologic, Inc. | Breast tomosynthesis with display of highlighted suspected calcifications |
EP2448271A4 (en) | 2009-06-24 | 2015-04-22 | Lg Electronics Inc | Stereoscopic image reproduction device and method for providing 3d user interface |
CA2772607A1 (en) | 2009-09-01 | 2011-03-10 | Prime Focus Vfx Services Ii Inc. | System and process for transforming two-dimensional images into three-dimensional images |
WO2011029209A2 (en) | 2009-09-10 | 2011-03-17 | Liberovision Ag | Method and apparatus for generating and processing depth-enhanced images |
US8947422B2 (en) | 2009-09-30 | 2015-02-03 | Disney Enterprises, Inc. | Gradient modeling toolkit for sculpting stereoscopic depth models for converting 2-D images into stereoscopic 3-D images |
JP5387377B2 (en) | 2009-12-14 | 2014-01-15 | ソニー株式会社 | Image processing apparatus, image processing method, and program |
US20130051659A1 (en) | 2010-04-28 | 2013-02-28 | Panasonic Corporation | Stereoscopic image processing device and stereoscopic image processing method |
KR101198320B1 (en) | 2010-06-21 | 2012-11-06 | (주)아이아이에스티 | Method and apparatus for converting 2d image into 3d image |
WO2012016600A1 (en) | 2010-08-06 | 2012-02-09 | Trident Microsystems, Inc. | Method for generating of a depth map, method for converting a two-dimensional image sequence and device for generating a stereoscopic image |
WO2012037685A1 (en) | 2010-09-22 | 2012-03-29 | Berfort Management Inc. | Generating 3d stereoscopic content from monoscopic video content |
US20120274626A1 (en) | 2011-04-29 | 2012-11-01 | Himax Media Solutions, Inc. | Stereoscopic Image Generating Apparatus and Method |
US8655055B2 (en) | 2011-05-04 | 2014-02-18 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Method, system and computer program product for converting a 2D image into a 3D image |
KR101869872B1 (en) | 2011-12-01 | 2018-06-21 | 엘지디스플레이 주식회사 | Method of multi-view image formation and stereoscopic image display device using the same |
US20140307062A1 (en) | 2011-12-05 | 2014-10-16 | Rotary View Ltd. | System and method for generating a stereoscopic 3d presentation from picture sequence emanating from single lens source |
-
2012
- 2012-11-27 US US13/686,907 patent/US9007365B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2013
- 2013-11-27 WO PCT/US2013/072208 patent/WO2014085573A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090002368A1 (en) * | 2007-06-26 | 2009-01-01 | Nokia Corporation | Method, apparatus and a computer program product for utilizing a graphical processing unit to provide depth information for autostereoscopic display |
US20090219383A1 (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2009-09-03 | Charles Gregory Passmore | Image depth augmentation system and method |
US20110188773A1 (en) * | 2010-02-04 | 2011-08-04 | Jianing Wei | Fast Depth Map Generation for 2D to 3D Conversion |
KR20120095059A (en) * | 2011-02-18 | 2012-08-28 | (주)스튜디오 로프트 | Method of converting 2d images to 3d images |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US9007365B2 (en) | 2015-04-14 |
US20140146037A1 (en) | 2014-05-29 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN111656407B (en) | Fusing, texturing and rendering views of a dynamic three-dimensional model | |
US11854118B2 (en) | Method for training generative network, method for generating near-infrared image and device | |
AU2022200841B2 (en) | Mixed reality system with multi-source virtual content compositing and method of generating virtual content using same | |
Kim et al. | Multi-perspective stereoscopy from light fields | |
CN109479098A (en) | Multiple view scene cut and propagation | |
US20130321396A1 (en) | Multi-input free viewpoint video processing pipeline | |
US20090219383A1 (en) | Image depth augmentation system and method | |
CN115100339A (en) | Image generation method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium | |
JP2004537082A (en) | Real-time virtual viewpoint in virtual reality environment | |
TW201243763A (en) | Method for 3D video content generation | |
US11663775B2 (en) | Generating physically-based material maps | |
Li et al. | Multivisual animation character 3D model design method based on VR technology | |
CN109791704B (en) | Texture rendering method, system and device based on multi-layer UV mapping for free-running FVV application | |
US9007365B2 (en) | Line depth augmentation system and method for conversion of 2D images to 3D images | |
DuVall et al. | Compositing light field video using multiplane images | |
Deng et al. | Towards stereoscopic on-vehicle AR-HUD | |
Delanoy et al. | A Generative Framework for Image‐based Editing of Material Appearance using Perceptual Attributes | |
US9547937B2 (en) | Three-dimensional annotation system and method | |
Yu et al. | A framework for automatic and perceptually valid facial expression generation | |
Noh et al. | Soft shadow rendering based on real light source estimation in augmented reality | |
Tu et al. | Acquiring identity and expression information from monocular face image | |
CN115578298A (en) | Depth portrait video synthesis method based on content perception | |
Okura et al. | Addressing temporal inconsistency in indirect augmented reality | |
CN108769644B (en) | Binocular animation stylized rendering method based on deep learning | |
Mori et al. | Exemplar-based inpainting for 6dof virtual reality photos |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 13857868 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 13857868 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |