WO2003015090A1 - System for converting turntable motion to midi data - Google Patents
System for converting turntable motion to midi data Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003015090A1 WO2003015090A1 PCT/US2002/025085 US0225085W WO03015090A1 WO 2003015090 A1 WO2003015090 A1 WO 2003015090A1 US 0225085 W US0225085 W US 0225085W WO 03015090 A1 WO03015090 A1 WO 03015090A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- stripes
- midi
- turntable
- disk
- signals
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
- G10H1/00—Details of electrophonic musical instruments
- G10H1/0091—Means for obtaining special acoustic effects
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
- G10H1/00—Details of electrophonic musical instruments
- G10H1/0033—Recording/reproducing or transmission of music for electrophonic musical instruments
- G10H1/0041—Recording/reproducing or transmission of music for electrophonic musical instruments in coded form
- G10H1/0058—Transmission between separate instruments or between individual components of a musical system
- G10H1/0066—Transmission between separate instruments or between individual components of a musical system using a MIDI interface
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B19/00—Driving, starting, stopping record carriers not specifically of filamentary or web form, or of supports therefor; Control thereof; Control of operating function ; Driving both disc and head
- G11B19/02—Control of operating function, e.g. switching from recording to reproducing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B27/00—Editing; Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Monitoring; Measuring tape travel
- G11B27/005—Reproducing at a different information rate from the information rate of recording
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
- G10H2210/00—Aspects or methods of musical processing having intrinsic musical character, i.e. involving musical theory or musical parameters or relying on musical knowledge, as applied in electrophonic musical tools or instruments
- G10H2210/155—Musical effects
- G10H2210/195—Modulation effects, i.e. smooth non-discontinuous variations over a time interval, e.g. within a note, melody or musical transition, of any sound parameter, e.g. amplitude, pitch, spectral response, playback speed
- G10H2210/241—Scratch effects, i.e. emulating playback velocity or pitch manipulation effects normally obtained by a disc-jockey manually rotating a LP record forward and backward
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B2220/00—Record carriers by type
- G11B2220/20—Disc-shaped record carriers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to audio and visual presentations and, more particularly, to a method and apparatus for modifying and creating such presentations using "scratch" techniques and a MIDI interface.
- DJ's disc jockeys
- the DJ's rotate the record backward and forward in a quick repetitive motion to create the effect of a phrase being played forward and backward at a fast rate.
- This repetitive playing of short phrases in a musical presentation has come to be known as "scratching" and produces a distinctive tonal sound.
- Some musicians have adopted this mode of musical creation to introduce scratch phrases into original works. Scratching may also be accompanied by simultaneous changes in volume.
- the element is a record player turntable and the disc jockey can act upon the speed of rotation by using a hand to control the platter of the turntable.
- An optical sensor senses the speed and direction of rotation of the turntable and provides signals to control the speed and direction of reproduction of the sampled audio signal.
- the device of the '168 patent requires a system in which music obtained from an external source is stored in sequential data blocks in an addressable memory.
- the rotating element is a disk having a plurality of alternating white and black marks for generating a sequence of pulses as the disk is rotated beneath the optical sensor. Each pulse from the sensors causes the memory to step to a next one of the sequential data blocks, either forward or backward depending on the direction of rotation of the disk.
- the DJ can control the speed and direction of playing of the music to create a scratch effect.
- the disadvantage of this device is that it requires a means of sequentially storing samples of music into a memory that can be addressed to cause the music samples to be played in sequential data blocks.
- MIDI MIDI-based MIDI
- data is transmitted to an instrument in the form of a digital byte having a number of commands that tell the instrument when to start a note, when to stop the note, what frequency to play, what volume to play and what effects to give the note.
- the data includes a time scale that allows the instrument to play at different tempos or beats per minute. For example, a composition that plays for four minutes at 80 beats per minute would only play for two minutes at 160 beats per minute.
- the MIDI protocol is constructed so that an external source can send timing data to a musical instrument to control tempo even for pre-recorded music being played by the instrument.
- the present invention provides a MIDI interface to an audio-visual player or just to an audio player that allows manual control of an audio-visual or audio work in a manner that implements scratching as that term is currently used by disc jockeys.
- the invention uses a conventional turntable for vinyl records outfitted with an optical sensor.
- a disk having multiple encircling bands of alternating black and white stripes is designed to fit on a platter of the conventional turntable.
- Each band has a different radius from a center of the platter.
- the arcuate width of each of the stripes in each band may be the same or different.
- the disk has a plurality of bands on one side all having the same width stripes and has a plurality of bands on an opposite side having different width stripes.
- the different widths may be selected to provide different timing signals on one side of the disk than are available on the other side where the widths are equal.
- the optical sensor detects the pattern of stripes in any one band passing under the sensor and outputs a pulse or timing signal corresponding to the rate at which the stripes of a band pass under the sensor.
- a light source may be positioned to direct a light of predetermined brightness onto the stripes to enable reading of the stripes by the optical sensor.
- An electronic converter is coupled to the optical sensor and converts the pulses from the sensor into timing and direction signals in a MIDI format.
- MIDI formatted signals may then be coupled to any device that can accept MIDI signals and will control the operation of the device.
- the signals can be coupled to a computer that is playing an audio-visual work and the signals will cause the computer to play the work at the speed and in the direction, i.e., forward or backward, specified by the MIDI signals.
- the turntable may be fitted with a mechanical sensor such as a drive wheel that detects the direction and speed of rotation of the turntable and converts that motion and direction to a string of pulses similar to those generated by the optical sensor.
- a mechanical sensor such as a drive wheel that detects the direction and speed of rotation of the turntable and converts that motion and direction to a string of pulses similar to those generated by the optical sensor.
- FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of a system for implementing one form of the present invention
- FIGS. 2a and 2b are exemplary embodiments of a disk for developing timing signals in one form of the invention
- FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of one form of MIDI converter
- FIG. 4 is a timing diagram for timing signals for determining rotation direction of the disk of FIG. 2a;
- FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of the converter of FIG. 3.
- FIG. 6 is a bottom plan view of an optical detector in one form of the invention.
- FIG. 1 is a functional hardware diagram of one form of the present invention.
- a conventional turntable 12 is modified to receive an optical sensor 14 in place of a standard needle at the end of the pick-up or tone arm 16.
- a disk 18 having a plurality of arcuate or circular bands 20 is placed on the platter 22 of the turntable.
- the number of pulses per minute produced by the optical sensor 14 will depend on the number of alternating black and white stripes in a band over which the sensor 14 is placed. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, there are 54 alternating black and white stripes in the outermost band but only 2 stripes in the innermost band. Accordingly, if the optical sensor 14 is placed on the outermost band, one revolution of the platter 22 will produce 54 pulse changes.
- the pulses from the optical sensor 14 are coupled to a MIDI converter 24 which is preferably incorporated into the turntable 12.
- the MIDI converter 24 comprises amplifiers and filters for the electrical signals from the optical sensor 14 as well as a programmed PIC 16F873 chip that formats the signals into the MIDI protocol.
- the format of a signal to meet the MIDI protocol is well know in the art.
- the MIDI formatted signal is then coupled to a MIDI port on an audiovisual device, shown here as a laptop computer 26.
- Computers such as computer 26 are commercially available and have MIDI standard ports that accept a standard DIN-type male plug with five pins.
- a MIDI device will have an input port, an output port and a through port, although the through port may not be present on the computer.
- the output port of computer 26 is coupled to an audio-visual display device 27 such as a television with associated speakers.
- the operator of the turntable12 will place the optical sensor in juxtaposition to one of the bands of the disk 18 which will cause the audio and visual work controlled by the computer 26 to play at a normal speed or tempo.
- the overall speed of the work can be changed by moving the sensor 14 to another band which will result in a different number of timing signals per unit time being sent to the computer 26 via the MIDI converter 24.
- the operator then wants to produce a scratch effect, he/she can place a finger on the disk 18 and manually cause it to move faster or slower or to repeat a phrase of the work at whatever speed is desired. While the signals from the converter 24 are preferably used as timing signals to control playback speed and direction, it will be recognized that the converter could convert the signals to other forms of MIDI input such as note start and note stop signals to achieve a similar result.
- FIGS. 2a and 2b there are shown an exemplary forms of the front side and rear side of the disk18.
- FIG. 2a illustrates a form of disk banding and striping such that the size of each of the black and white stripes 29, 31 is the same for each band of stripes.
- the only change in going from an inner band 28 to an outer band 30 is in the number of stripes that are in the respective bands.
- the number of beats per minute that can be generated by one rotation of the disk at constant speed is several times greater in the outer band 30 than in the inner band 28.
- the need for the different bands arises from the limited range of speed change that is generally available on a conventional turntable. Professional turntables usually have a slide control that allows the operator to vary the speed of the platter by about 8%.
- the inner band to outer band ratio of spaces provides for a 2:1 beat variation in the disclosed embodiment of FIG. 2a.
- the embodiment of FIG. 2b provides a different range change of timing pulses with outer band 32 having 27 black stripes and 27 white stripes.
- the inner band 34 of FIG. 2b only has two white stripes and two black stripes producing only four pulse signals per revolution of the disk 18.
- outer band 30 of the disk pattern of FIG. 2a has 64 each of white and black stripes.
- FIG. 3 is a simplified functional block diagram of the MIDI converter 24 and turntable 12.
- the pulse signals from the optical sensor 14 are shown in FIG. 4.
- the sensor 14 comprises a pair of optical detectors 14a, 14b of a type well known in the art, each of which provides a sequence of pulse signals responsive to the change in light reflected from the alternating black and white stripes.
- FIG. 6 which is a bottom plan view of the end of tone arm 16, the optical detectors 14a and 14b are slightly offset so that the system can detect the direction of rotation. For example, assuming normal rotation of the disk 18, the leading detector will produce the pulse train labeled 36 having a leading edge 38 occurring at a time prior to a leading edge 40 of a pulse train 42 from the lagging detector.
- the converter 24 is able to determine the direction in which the disk 18 is being rotated.
- the pulse data from the optical detectors is typically coupled to operational amplifiers (See FIG. 5) that are connected in the form of a conventional comparator circuit for squaring the leading and/or trailing edges of the pulse signals.
- an A/D converter and data processor 44 which is programmed to convert the pulse data from the sensor 14 to a data stream in a MIDI format or protocol.
- the converter also includes a voltage regulator 46 to set the voltage for the electronics and an optical isolator 48 to couple the MIDI formatted data stream to the 5-pin MIDI output connector 50.
- the microcomputer 44 calculates the rate of rotation of the disk 18 from the pulse signal rate and converts this rate to a signal corresponding to a conventional signal of the type used with MIDI instruments to set tempo.
- the pulse rate could be used as position data to step through discrete frames or sequences of frames of data.
- each band corresponds to a quantized position of a MIDI 'continuous controller.' A continuous controller may have any value between 0 and 127. Therefore, as the record rotates in a normal clockwise fashion, the value of the continuous controller is regularly incremented. If the rotation of the record is stopped, no new controller updates are sent. If the record is rotated in reverse, the controller value is decremented. If the controller value is incremented to 127 and beyond, the value should loop back around to zero and continue incrementing, as well as the opposite in the case of decrementing past 0. With this convention, appropriate MIDI software can determine the position and rate of the rotating vinyl.
- the firmware interprets the vertical edges of one and the high/low state of the other to determine a direction of rotation. With each passing of a band, this rotation either increments (forward/clockwise rotation) or decrements (backward/counterclockwise rotation) a MIDI continuous controller value. Therefore, whenever a band passes by the light sensors, 3 bytes are transmitted through the MIDI out: a channel number byte, a controller number byte, and the byte of the actual value being transmitted.
- An additional continuous controller can also be utilized as a fine control to send more accurate timing information, or the combination of two continuous controllers can also be used to send very accurate rate information, rather than position data.
- the continuous controller number and the channel it's value is transmitted on can both be changed by the user via MIDI SysEx messages sent to the MIDI In port.
- Other MIDI messages such as Note On/Off or Continuous Controller messages sent to the MIDI In port should be merged with the output of the turntable, to allow for daisy chaining of multiple devices.
- the optical detectors 14a, 14b are preferably constructed into a module that plugs into a conventional connector 52 on a turntable tone arm such as arm 16 of FIG. 1. Electrical power is supplied to the detectors 14 from the turntable. Output signals from the detectors 14a, 14b are coupled to comparators 54, 56, respectively. A bias control 58 sets the comparison level for each comparator 54, 56 concurrently. The comparators 54, 56 shape the optical output signals and minimize noise signals being coupled to the data processor. The comparators 54, 56 couple the pulse signals from the optical detectors 14 to I/O ports B of the PIC16 microchip 44. The pulse signals are also coupled directly to other I/O ports A of microchip 44.
- a separate oscillator 60 provides clock signals to microchip 44.
- a connector 62 for coupling to an external fader control 64 to adjust volume of the audio programming.
- the PIC 16 is a widely used programmable microchip and numerous publications describe various programming techniques for these devices.
- microchip 44 is programmed to convert the pulse signals from optical detectors 14 into MIDI formatted signals that can be applied to control any MIDI enabled device, including various music synthesizers and computers adapted for responding to MIDI type signals.
- the microchip 44 is connected for supplying the MIDI formatted output signals as a data stream for a performance device via the conventional MIDI port 50.
- the microchip 44 can receive MIDI formatted signals via MIDI input port 66 and optical isolator 68.
- the microchip 44 can be used to modify the MIDI input signals in response to the pulse signals and output the modified signals via port 50.
- An important feature of the invention is that it interfaces through a MIDI protocol so that it is general enough to allow for scratching of a variety of unintended mediums and the user can interface the turntable to any existing or future MIDI devices.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2002326553A AU2002326553B2 (en) | 2001-08-07 | 2002-08-07 | System for converting turntable motion to midi data |
CA002457402A CA2457402A1 (en) | 2001-08-07 | 2002-08-07 | System for converting turntable motion to midi data |
EP02761275A EP1423852A4 (en) | 2001-08-07 | 2002-08-07 | System for converting turntable motion to midi data |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US31054701P | 2001-08-07 | 2001-08-07 | |
US60/310,547 | 2001-08-07 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2003015090A1 true WO2003015090A1 (en) | 2003-02-20 |
Family
ID=23203000
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2002/025085 WO2003015090A1 (en) | 2001-08-07 | 2002-08-07 | System for converting turntable motion to midi data |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7087830B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1423852A4 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2002326553B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2457402A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003015090A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
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GB2391688A (en) * | 2002-08-01 | 2004-02-11 | Nik Baumann | Turntable stylus device |
EP2005413A2 (en) * | 2006-03-28 | 2008-12-24 | Numark Industries, LLC | Combined media player and computer controller |
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WO2002103671A2 (en) * | 2001-06-18 | 2002-12-27 | Native Instruments Software Synthesis Gmbh | Automatic generation of musical scratching effects |
DE10206644C1 (en) * | 2002-02-15 | 2003-07-17 | Native Instruments Software Synthesis Gmbh | Playback device for digitally-stored music information uses control device linked to disc player for controlling playback parameters |
US7010371B2 (en) * | 2002-05-01 | 2006-03-07 | Hanpin Electron Co., Ltd. | Digital audio signal player having a simulated analogue record |
US6818815B2 (en) * | 2002-05-06 | 2004-11-16 | Stanton Magnetics Inc. | Phonograph turntable with MIDI output |
US20040057344A1 (en) * | 2002-08-01 | 2004-03-25 | Nik Baumann | Turntable stylus device |
US8077568B2 (en) * | 2002-11-12 | 2011-12-13 | Spencer Charles A | Method and system for synchronizing information specific to a location on a surface with an external source |
TW568333U (en) * | 2003-05-14 | 2003-12-21 | Ya Horng Electronic Co Ltd | Digital audio player |
GB2405740B (en) * | 2003-09-03 | 2005-08-31 | Hanpin Electron Co Ltd | Dual-use audio signal player for analogue record and digital CD |
US20050052981A1 (en) * | 2003-09-09 | 2005-03-10 | Brian Shim | Record controlled sound playback device |
TW200608369A (en) * | 2004-08-17 | 2006-03-01 | Ya Horng Electronic Co Ltd | Integrated musical information performing device |
WO2006104163A1 (en) * | 2005-03-28 | 2006-10-05 | Pioneer Corporation | Audio signal reproducing device |
US20070079315A1 (en) * | 2005-10-05 | 2007-04-05 | Gregor Mittersinker | Hybrid turntable |
US7928313B2 (en) * | 2006-10-26 | 2011-04-19 | Stanton Magnetics, Inc. | Variable slippage control for a disc jockey control surface |
US8130194B1 (en) * | 2006-12-18 | 2012-03-06 | Imi Innovations, Inc. | Non-mouse devices that function via mouse-like messages |
US20080148922A1 (en) * | 2006-12-20 | 2008-06-26 | Robert Morra | Digital turntable scratch interface |
US20080250914A1 (en) * | 2007-04-13 | 2008-10-16 | Julia Christine Reinhart | System, method and software for detecting signals generated by one or more sensors and translating those signals into auditory, visual or kinesthetic expression |
US8180073B1 (en) * | 2008-02-08 | 2012-05-15 | Mark J. Grote | System for creating and manipulating digital media |
US8153881B2 (en) * | 2009-02-20 | 2012-04-10 | Activision Publishing, Inc. | Disc jockey video game and controller |
US8730770B2 (en) * | 2009-07-03 | 2014-05-20 | Noam Camiel | System and method for facilitating the handover process of digital vinyl systems |
US8729375B1 (en) * | 2013-06-24 | 2014-05-20 | Synth Table Partners | Platter based electronic musical instrument |
KR102180231B1 (en) * | 2013-11-05 | 2020-11-18 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Electronic device and method for outputting sounds |
USD814437S1 (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2018-04-03 | Thomas Gessler | Audio player |
WO2018129382A1 (en) * | 2017-01-09 | 2018-07-12 | Inmusic Brands, Inc. | Systems and methods for displaying graphics about a control wheel's center |
US10593313B1 (en) | 2019-02-14 | 2020-03-17 | Peter Bacigalupo | Platter based electronic musical instrument |
JP7400220B2 (en) * | 2019-06-07 | 2023-12-19 | ヤマハ株式会社 | AV equipment |
TWI731538B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-06-21 | 亞弘電科技股份有限公司 | Automatic arm raising device for turntable |
US10861494B1 (en) | 2020-02-12 | 2020-12-08 | Jon Schreckinger | Foot-actuated musical turntable system for generating sounds |
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2002
- 2002-08-07 CA CA002457402A patent/CA2457402A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-08-07 AU AU2002326553A patent/AU2002326553B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-08-07 WO PCT/US2002/025085 patent/WO2003015090A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-08-07 EP EP02761275A patent/EP1423852A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-08-07 US US10/213,862 patent/US7087830B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Cited By (4)
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---|---|---|---|---|
GB2391688A (en) * | 2002-08-01 | 2004-02-11 | Nik Baumann | Turntable stylus device |
GB2391688B (en) * | 2002-08-01 | 2006-02-15 | Nik Baumann | Turntable Having Recording Medium Motion Detection Means |
EP2005413A2 (en) * | 2006-03-28 | 2008-12-24 | Numark Industries, LLC | Combined media player and computer controller |
EP2005413A4 (en) * | 2006-03-28 | 2009-06-17 | Numark Ind Llc | Combined media player and computer controller |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1423852A4 (en) | 2009-10-28 |
EP1423852A1 (en) | 2004-06-02 |
AU2002326553A2 (en) | 2003-02-24 |
AU2002326553B2 (en) | 2007-07-26 |
CA2457402A1 (en) | 2003-02-20 |
US7087830B2 (en) | 2006-08-08 |
US20030029305A1 (en) | 2003-02-13 |
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