WO2002031420A1

WO2002031420A1 - Centrifugal pellet dryer apparatus

Info

Publication number: WO2002031420A1
Application number: PCT/US2001/031751
Authority: WO
Inventors: Lyell Sandford
Original assignee: The Conair Group, Inc.
Priority date: 2000-10-10
Filing date: 2001-10-10
Publication date: 2002-04-18
Also published as: US6467188B1; AU2002213104A1; US6505416B2; US6438864B1; US20020062575A1; US20020062576A1

Abstract

A centrifugal pellet dryer apparatus, lifter and rotor wherein the lifters can have a surface configured to deflect pellets inwardly and the rotor can have lifters attached in an arrangement designed to increase pellet impacts with lifters by providing a higher concentration of lifters on the rotor in a first region which initially engages a slurry of pellets and water. The inwardly curved lifters tend to direct the pellets inwards toward other lifters and away from dewatering screens and the higher concentration of lifters on the lower region of the rotor results in added pellet impacts with lifters. The centrifugal pellet dryer can have an outer housing, a base portion with a water discharge outlet and a top portion having a pellet discharge port and an exhaust port. Within the housing can be one or more generally cylindrical foraminous members disposed around the rotor. One or more separator plates can be provided between the foraminous members to divide the pellet dryer into sections. The rotor with lifters affixed rotates within the foraminous members to direct pellets upwardly to the pellet discharge port which can have a counter-flow air inlet.

Description

TITLE

CENTRIFUGAL PELLET DRYER APPARATUS

BACKGROUND

The invention relates generally to centrifugal pellet dryers utilized to dry

plastic pellets which have been cut from strands of plastic by a pelletizer, and more

particularly, to a centrifugal pellet dryer apparatus including improved rotor and lifters

which can provide enhanced dewatering capabilities. The invention also relates to additional improvements in the centrifugal pellet dryer apparatus which can further

enhance dewatering capabilities.

Generally, a water slurry of plastic pellets is introduced into a pellet

dryer for separation of the pellets from the water. The dry pellets can then be conveyed

to a shipping container or to a location for further processing. Centrifugal pellet dryers

are well known in the art. In particular, United States Patent No. 5,611,150, to Yore,

Jr., issued March 18, 1997, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference, discloses

a "Centrifugal Pellet Dryer" wherein a slurry of pellets and water is introduced

upwardly through the bottom of the dryer, into a hollow region in the rotor and out

through ports in the rotor. In this manner, the slurry is directed radially outwards from generally the center of the rotor. The rotor has lifters, i.e. blades, which carry the

pellets and water upwardly through the dryer as the water is forced outwardly by

centrifugal force through a cylindrical screen that surrounds the rotor. The dewatered

pellets are discharged through an exit port near the top of the cylindrical screen while

the separated water is drained through the bottom of the dryer housing. Prior to the

centrifugal pellet dryer described in the '150 patent, centrifugal pellet dryers introduced the slurry of pellets and water through an entry port in the side of the pellet dryer. The slurry was injected inwardly towards the rotor and the lifter affixed to the outside of the

rotor drove the slurry outwards against the screen as the rotor was rotated, i that

configuration, the rotor breaks the stream of the slurry where it is introduced through

the side of the pellet dryer, causing a large portion of the pellets to be deposited on the

portion of the screen nearest the slurry entry port. In contrast, the pellet dryer disclosed

in the '150 patent describes introducing the slurry of pellets and water through the

center of the rotor and radially outward into the space between the rotor and the mesh member. By introducing the pellets and water through the center of the rotor, the slurry

of pellets and water is radially, and more evenly, distributed by the rotor lifters about

the interior of the pellet dryer. Thus, pellet impacts are not concentrated at any single

area of the screen, in contrast to the conventional pellet dryers which injected slurry

through a side port where most of the initial dewatering is done in the first quadrant

adjacent to the slurry inlet, which loads up the screen and limits its effectiveness in the

initial dewatering stage.

Introducing the slurry through the rotor also minimizes radial bearing

loads that are present in the prior pellet dryers since the lifter blades in those pellet

dryers must break the stream of water and pellets in a single location which is off-center from the axis of the rotor. The feed of the slurry through center of the rotor also

enhances the centrifugal force of the rotor to throw the water radially through the screen

to thereby enhance the initial dewatering stage of the dryer.

Recently issued United States Patent No. 5,987,769, to Ackerman, et al.,

issued November 23, 1999, discloses an alternative manner of introducing a slurry of

pellets and water generally into the center of the pellet dryer. However, the slurry is not

injected radially outwards through the rotor as in the 150 patent. Rather, the slurry is injected axially upwards onto a lower face of the rotor. Lifters, or blades, are provided

on a lower face of the rotor which throw the slurry radially outwards against the

cylindrical screen. A disadvantage of this pellet dryer can be that the lower end of the

rotor is not supported. This is because the slurry is directed upwards against the lower

face of the rotor. Thus, the rotor is supported only at the top of the dryer, which can be

disadvantageous since it is desirable to support a rotating member like the rotor at both

ends to maintain axial alignment. Supporting the rotor at only one end can create

problems with balance and vibration when the rotor is rotated, especially when rotated

under a load as when slurry is being pumped by the rotor through the pellet dryer. Accordingly, it can generally be desirable to support the rotor at both ends to improve

efficiency and longevity of the dryer.

Conventionally, it was generally believed that dewatering was best

accomplished by impacting the pellets against the dewatering screen to remove the

water. However, it has been discovered that dewatering can best be achieved by instead

limiting the number of impacts between the pellets and the dewatering screen and

increasing the number of impacts between the pellets and the lifters. Residual water on

the screen can actually be reacquired by pellets through repeated impacts with the screen. The slurry of pellets and water can typically be introduced into the pellet dryer

while the pellets are still hot. The internal heat of the pellets actually assists in the

drying process. An additional reason why pellet impacts against the dewatering screen

can be disadvantageous is that the screen acts like a "grater," shaving or breaking off

pieces of the pellets during impacts. These pieces of pellets, commonly called "fines,"

can cause other problems with the operation of the pellet dryer and with disposal of the

water removed from the slurry. Consequently, lifters which reduce the number of impacts with the dewatering screens can improve the drying efficiency and reduce fines. Lifters can be designed to reduce the number of impacts with the dewatering screens by creating the lifters with an inwardly curved surface which tends to direct the pellets away from the dewatering screen and back in towards the rotor surface and other lifters. This additionally results in increased impacts between the lifters and the pellets.

In prior pellet dryers, generally flat lifter blades are attached to the surface of the rotor in a helix configuration at a 45 degree angle. The 45 degree angle is what "lifts" the pellets upwards through the pellet dryer. The lifters are generally flat in that there is no curvature apart from the helix curvature imparted as a result of attachment to the cylindrical rotor. The flat lifters direct the pellets out into the dewatering screen. The lifters are also conventionally attached to the surface of the rotor in an evenly distributed manner, in that there are the same amount of lifters in each row along the entire length of the rotor. Prior art pellet dryers typically use 5-6 lifters evenly spaced radially around the circumference of the rotor. The lifters are also conventionally aligned horizontally in rows and vertically in columns.

Accordingly, there is a need for a lifter, rotor and pellet dryer apparatus which provides improved dewatering capabilities through increased pellet impacts with the lifters and reduced pellet impacts with the dewatering screen.

SUMMARY

According to the invention, a centrifugal pellet dryer apparatus, rotor and lifter is provided wherein the lifters can have a front surface configured to deflect pellets inwardly toward the rotor surface and other lifters, and the rotor can have lifters attached in a configuration designed to increase pellet impacts with lifter blades as well as providing different regions of lifters wherein different numbers of lifters can be

provided in the different regions of lifters along the length of the rotor. The specially

configured surface of the lifters tend to control the pellet path, keeping the pellets in the

lifter envelope and away from the dewatering screens. The configuration of the lifters

on the rotor, generally a higher concentration of lifters on the lower region of the rotor

can further create increased pellet impacts with the lifters.

The centrifugal pellet dryer can have an outer housing with a water

removal port formed in the outer housing and one or more mesh members disposed

vertically within the outer housing. The mesh member can be formed of material that

permits passage of water while blocking the passage of pellets therethrough. A

vertically disposed rotor with lifters affixed thereto is journaled for rotation coaxially

within the dewatering screen to direct pellets upwardly to a pellet discharge port in an

upper portion of the dryer. The rotor can have a hollow interior portion coaxial with the

rotor and a plurality of radial passages extending between the hollow interior portion

and the outer surface of the rotor. A slurry inlet is provided adjacent the bottom of the

rotor in communication with the hollow interior portion of the rotor. Slurry introduced through the slurry inlet is conducted through the hollow interior portion of the rotor and

through the radial passages which direct the slurry into a space between the outer

surface of the rotor and the dewatering screen.

The lifters, also called blades, are provided on the outer surface of the

rotor in a helix configuration and are angled approximately 45 degrees which "lifts" the

pellets upwardly toward the pellet discharge port. To reduce pellet impacts with the

screen, and to increase pellet impacts with the lifters, the surface of the lifters can be

configured to direct pellets inwardly towards the rotor and other lifters, and away from the dewatering screen. The number or rows, the number of lifters in each row provided

in different regions along the length of the rotor, and spacing/alignment of the lifters

affixed to the outer surface of the rotor can be designed to further increase the number

of impacts between the lifters and the pellets.

The centrifugal pellet dryer can also be internally chamberized into

multiple sections for example: a slurry inlet and imtial dewatering section; a secondary

dewatering and drying section; and a pellet discharge section. In this three section

embodiment, each section can employ a dewatering screen, which may extend for all or

only a part of each section.

An exhaust port through the top of the housing can extend into the upper

and middle sections for creating a negative pressure, i.e., a vacuum, in those sections to

enhance a vertical counter flow of air through the upper and middle sections to pull

moisture down from the discharge section. A separator plate can be provided between

each section to somewhat seal each section to enhance the effect of the negative

pressure to inhibit the upward movement of moisture into the upper drying and

discharge sections. A hole can be provided through the separator plates in the upper and middle sections for creating a negative pressure in those sections via the exhaust

port. A water seal can be created at the water outlet ports to create an air tight water

seal, and the slurry inlet tube can be elbow-shaped to provide a water trap preventing air

from entering through the slurry inlet. The water seal and water trap can inhibit air

from entering the lower section and moisture laden air from rising up through the dryer.

The centrifugal pellet dryer can also be designed so that the different sections are modular and can thus be interchangeable, as well as for convenience of

assembly and disassembly of the dryer. The modular sections can also be designed such that the size of the pellet dryer, with respect to the length, can be varied for a given

diameter pellet dryer simply by varying the number of secondary dewatering sections

provided between the slurry inlet and pellet discharge sections. The first and last

sections would remain the same for a given diameter pellet dryer. However, the length

of the rotor would have to be different to accommodate the changing length resulting

from the addition or subtraction of secondary dewatering sections.

Portions of the rotor can be provided with different lifter configurations

associated with the different sections of the dryer. For example, the lower portion of

the rotor which is disposed within the slurry entry and initial dewatering section can be

provided with a greater number, and different configuration, of lifters designed to

initially separate most of the water out of the slurry. The middle portion of the rotor

associated with the secondary dewatering and drying sections can have fewer lifters and

can be differently configured. Since most of the water has already been removed in the

first section, only the minimum number blades required to maintain an upward travel of the pellets toward the discharge portion are needed in the middle sections.

An air inlet, preferably tangential, communicating the atmosphere with the pellet discharge port can be provided to permit air to be drawn from the atmosphere

as the pellets are discharged. The counter-flow air thus created can eliminate the

creation of a disadvantageous flow of air drawn through the pellet discharge port which

could otherwise occur.

Other features can include a lower bearing for the rotor which runs in

water. Failure of the lower rotor bearing due to contamination by water from the slurry

is a known problem with conventional centrifugal pellet dryers. Thus, a water-cooled

bearing, typically made from a type of plastic, can eliminate such bearing failure problems. For ease of cleaning and maintenance, the outer housing and the screen can

be segmented such that they can be along a side and removed from around the rotor.

Additionally, the motor can be located directly above the rotor to drive the rotor

directly, thus eliminating belts and sheaves that produce radial loads on the rotor

bearings. This can result in longer lasting bearings as well as eliminating belts and

sheaves which wear out and must be regularly replaced.

Other details, objects, and advantages of the invention will become

apparent from the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings figures of certain embodiments thereof.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURES

A more complete understanding of the invention can be obtained by

considering the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying

drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a side view of a centrifugal pellet dryer according to the

invention.

Figure 2 is a top view of the centrifugal pellet dryer shown in Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a side view of the centrifugal pellet dryer similar to that

shown in Figure 1 having the outer cover removed to show the dewatering screens.

Figure 4 is a section view taken along line IN-IN in Figure 2.

Figure 5 is a section taken along the line N-N in Figure 4.

Figure 6 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a rotor manifold.

Figure 7 is an embodiment of a feed auger.

Figure 8 is an embodiment of a base member. Figure 9 is a cross section taken along line IX-LX in Figure 2.

Figure 10 is a section view taken along the line X-X in Figure 9.

Figure 11 is a perspective view of a pellet discharge member.

Figure 12 is a side view of an embodiment of a rotor.

Figures 13^" and 14 are perspective views of embodiments of structural

members of a pellet dryer.

Figures 15-18 are perspective views of a presently preferred embodiment

of a lifter having an inwardly deflecting surface.

Figure 19 is a side view of a rotor blank illustrating a presently preferred

lifter attachment pattern.

Figures 20A-20H are section views corresponding to sections A-A

through H-H in Figure 19.

Figure 21 is a section view showing a bearing which runs in water.

Figure 22 is a top view of the water bearing in Figure 21.

Figure 23 is a side cross-section view of an embodiment of the lower

portion of a pellet dryer.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF CERTAIN EMBODIMENTS

Referring to the drawing figures, wherein like reference numbers refer to

similar parts through the several views, a presently preferred embodiment of a

centrifugal pellet dryer 30 is shown in Figures 1 and 2. The pellet dryer 30 can have a

bottom portion 33, an intermediate portion 36 and a top portion 39. The bottom portion

can include a slurry inlet 42 for introducing a slurry of pellets and water into the

centrifugal pellet dryer 30 and also water outlet ports 45 for discharging water from the slurry. The top portion 39 can include a pellet discharge outlet 48 and can have an

exhaust port 51 for applying a vacuum within the pellet dryer 30. The centrifugal pellet

dryer 30 is shown in Figure 3 with the housing 54 removed. The housing 54 can

preferably be an outer cover which is openable longitudinally so that it may be opened

and removed from around the intermediate portion 36, which permits easy cleaning and

360 degrees of access. This also provides easy access to and removal of dewatering the

screens 80, 83, 86. The dewatering screens 80, 83, 86, or other suitable foraminous

member, can have openings sized to retain pellets while permitting water separated

from the pellets which is thrown off during the drying process to be drained from the

pellet dryer 30. Although the preferred embodiments utilize multiple separate

dewatering screens, it is to be understood that a single screen could also be used.

Figure 3 illustrates an embodiment of the centrifugal pellet dryer 30 that can have three

sections 63, 66, 69 each divided by a separator plate 71, 74, 77. Each section can

include a cylindrical dewatering screen 80, 83, 86. Alternatively, a separator plate need

not be provided between every dewatering screen 80, 83, 86. Similarly, one of the single dewatering screens illustrated could be replaced by two shorter dewatering

screens with no separator plate therebetween. In other words, although separator plates

can be used to section the pellet dryer into chambers by providing them between

dewatering screens, each individual dewatering screen need not define each chamber.

Rather, the separator plates define the chambers, and one or more dewatering screens

may be disposed in each chamber.

Each dewatering screen 80, 83, 86 may extend the entire length of a section 63, 66, 69, such as shown in the first two sections 66, 69. However, a

dewatering screen may also have a non-foraminous portion 81 such that the screened portion may extend only partially the length of a section, as in the upper section 63. hi

the top section 63, it can be preferable that the non-screened top portion 81 be provided

because it has been determined that, this can aid in creating a downward air flow in the

gap 87 outside the dewatering screens 80, 83, 86. It can also inhibit the upward travel

of moisture up through the gap 116 between the rotor 89 and the dewatering screens 80,

83, 86 from the lower regions of the pellet dryer 30 near the slurry inlet 42. Openings

can be provided in one or more of the separator plates 71, 74, 77, shown best in Figures

13 and 14, to permit a vacuum applied via the vacuum/exhaust port 51 to be applied in

one or all of the lower sections 66, 69. Each dewatering screen 80, 83, 86, like the

outer housing 54, can be opened along a longitudinal length thereof for convenient

removal from around a rotor, as shown in Figures 4-12, which is positioned for rotation

within the centrifugal pellet dryer 30. The separator plates 71, 74, 77 can be utilized,

and in combination with providing a vacuum via exhaust port 51, to inhibit the upward

movement of moisture from the lower section 63 of the pellet dryer 30 into the upper

sections 66, 69. It has been determined that the separator plate 71, 74, 77 help to create a negative pressure in the sections which works with the negative pressure, i.e.,

vacuum, which can be created via exhaust port 51. An opening through one or all of

the separator ports (shown best in Figures 13-16) can be provided so that the vacuum

created via exhaust port 51 can be created within one or more of the sections 63, 66, 69.

Additionally, the water outlet ports 45 enable creation of an airtight seal

and the slurry inlet 42 creates a water trap, inhibiting the entry of air. The slurry inlet

42 and the water outlet ports 45 are sealed to prevent air from entering the lower section

and moisture laden air from raising up through the upper portions 63, 66 of the pellet dryer 30. Additional details of the pellet dryer 30 are illustrated in Figure 4, a

cross sectional view taken along line TV-TV in Figure 2, wherein the structure inside the

outer cover 54 and the dewatering screens 80, 83, 86 is shown. As can be seen, the

centrifugal pellet dryer 30 can include a rotor 89 positioned therein for rotation

generally in the center of the pellet dryer 30, within the dewatering screen 80, 83, 86.

The rotor 89 can have a number of lifters 92, also called blades, affixed to the outer

surface 95 thereof for both separating the pellets from the water slurry and carrying the

pellets upwardly within the pellet dryer 30 and out through the discharge port 48. The

rotor 89 can preferably be supported at both upper and lower ends thereof. The upper

end of the rotor 89 includes a shaft 98 which can be connected to a drive shaft of the

motor 57 positioned on the top portion 39 for rotating the rotor 89 directly. Connecting

the rotor 89 directly to the output shaft of the motor 57 can be desirable since it

eliminates the use of belts and sheaves that produce a radial load on bearings, and

which require regular maintenance and would thus increase the cost and downtime of

the pellet dryer 30.

Further details of the lower portion 33 of the centrifugal pellet dryer 30

are shown in Figures 5 through 8. Particularly, the bottom portion 33 can include a base member 101, a feed auger 104, and a rotor manifold 107 are shown. The rotor

manifold 107 can be connected between the lower end of the rotor 89 and the base

member 101. As best shown in the cross section view in Figure 4, the rotor manifold

107 has a hollow interior portion 110 which is in fluid communication with the slurry

inlet port 42. The rotor manifold 107 can also have a number of radially extending

passages 113 connecting the hollow interior portion 110 of the rotor manifold 107 to a

gap 116 between the outer surface 95 of the rotor 89 and the surrounding dewatering screens 80, 83, 86, shown best in Figures 5 and 6. The slurry of water and pellets can

be conducted by the feed auger 104 from the slurry inlet port 42 in the base member

101 into the hollow interior portion 110 of the rotor manifold 89. As the rotor 89 is

being rotated by the motor 57, the slurry is conducted through the radially extending

passages 113 and directed radially outwards into the gap 116 between the rotor 89 and

the dewatering screen 80, 83, 86. As shown best in Figures 6 through 8, the rotor

manifold 107 has a lower portion 119 which is adapted to be received in a receptacle

portion 122 formed in the base member 101. The auger feed 104 can be positioned in

the hollow interior portion 122 and have a shaft portion 125 connected to the lower end

of the rotor 89 for rotation therewith. The feed auger 104 can be utilized to generate an

imtial slurry lift— to begin the flow of the slurry upwardly through the hollow interior

portion 110 of the rotor manifold 107 and out through the radially extending passages

113 until the rotation of the rotor 89 and the lift blades 92 begin to pump the slurry

through the pellet dryer 30. The slurry lift provided by the auger feed 104 permits the

slurry level to be flush with the bottom of the pellet dryer 30. Other components at the base portion 33 of the pellet dryer can include a base plate positioned over the base

member 101, shown best in Figure 5, which can be connected to the base member 101

using fasteners connect via a number of fastener openings 130 in the base plate 128

which are positioned to align with fastener openings 131 in the base member 101. One

manner of assembling an embodiment of a multi-sectioned centrifugal pellet dryer will

be explained more below, in connection with Figures 13 and 14.

Referring now to Figures 9 through 11, another cross sectional view of

an embodiment of the centrifugal pellet dryer 30 is illustrated showing more details of

the upper portion 39, and particularly a pellet discharge member 134. In the section view illustrated in Figure 10, the pellet discharge member 134 can be seen along with

the exhaust port 51. A perspective view of an embodiment of a pellet discharge

member 134 is shown in more detail in Figure 11. As can be seen in Figures 9 and 10,

a tangential air inlet 137 can be provided in communication with the pellet discharge

port 48. The tangential air inlet 137 facilitates the discharge of dried pellets by

providing for counter flow air. Without the tangential air inlet 137, the flow of exiting

pellets would be slowed because air would be drawn in through the pellet discharge

port 48. The pellet discharge member 134 can be attached to the centrifugal pellet dryer

30 utilizing multiple fastener openings 141, in the same manner as the fastener

openings used to attach the base member 101 and the base plate 128. As explained

above, details of a manner of assembling a pellet dryer are described in more detail in

connection with Figures 13 and 14.

Referring now to Figure 12, an embodiment of a rotor is 89 illustrated

which, as shown, can have different lifter 92 configurations for different regions of the

rotor 144, 147, 150, 153. Generally, the rotor 89 can have a greater concentration of lifters 92 provided in region 147. The greater concentration of lifters can aid in

providing the desired increase in the number of impacts between lifters and pellets. The lifters 92 are positioned to "fill gaps" between lifters 92 in upper or lower adjacent

rows. In other words, the lifters 92 are not aligned with lifters 92 in adjacent rows

whereby there is no unobstructed "path" between rows of lifters: the top edge of a

lifters 92 in one row is vertically aligned with the bottom edge of a lifter 92 in the row

immediately above. Vertical spacing was determined through simulation. Matching

vertical blade gap to pellet velocity and blade speed can provide the greatest transfer of

pellets from the front of one lifter to the back of the lifter in a row directly above. Reducing the vertical blade gap induced a spiral effect, increasing the vertical speed of

the pellets, reducing the drying time and number of impacts. Increasing the vertical

blade gap would cause the pellets to miss the back of the blade above. This resulted in

losing control of pellet path, reducing the drying time and number of impacts.

Although the rotor 89 is shown as a preferred type of rotor having rotor

manifold 107 with hollow interior portion 110 and radially extending passages 113, it is

to be understood that the invention is not limited to this preferred type of rotor. In

particular, any conventional centrifugal pellet dryer rotor could be used wherein lifters

according to the invention are affixed to the rotor outer surface in a pattern according to

the invention to obtain the results described herein.

A first, lower-most region 144 of the rotor 89 have a single row of lifters

which can generally be longer than the lifters in other regions of the rotor 89. These

lifters 157, which are generally adjacent slurry output from the radial passages 113 in

the rotor manifold 107, can be longer to initially contact the slurry of pellets and water

as it first enters the gap 116 between the rotor outer surface 95 and the dewatering

screen 86. The next region 147 of the rotor 89 can be configured with standard sized

lifters 160, but with more rows of lifters 160 and a larger number of lifters 160 in each row. A third region 150 of the rotor 89 can generally be a longer portion of the rotor 89

having more rows of lifters. However, there can be a fewer number of lifters 160 in

each row, and the spacing between lifters can thus be greater. A fourth region of the

rotor 89, generally adjacent the pellet discharge port 48, can have a single row of flat

vertical exit blades 163 to facilitate discharging the dried pellets out the pellet discharge

port 48. The exit blades 163 and the discharge chamber are designed to change the direction and focus the upward flow of pellets tangentially out the pellet discharge port

48.

According to the invention, a larger number of lifters and rows of lifters

are provided on the surface 95 of the rotor 89 in the second 147 and third regions 150 to

provide a more efficient drying of the pellets. The majority of the water is shed from

the slurry as the first row of lifters 157 sweep the entering slurry upwards. However, a

large part of the dewatering process occurs as the pellets progress upwards through the

second region 147. In the second region 147, the lifters 160 are more numerous and are specially contoured to direct the pellets not only upwards toward the pellet discharge

port 48, but also inwards toward the surface 95 of the rotor 89, and the next row of

lifters 160. Directing the pellets inwards reduces the number of impacts between the

pellets and the dewatering screens 80, 83, 86, which enhances the drying process.

Drying can be degraded by increased impacts between the pellets and the dewatering

screens 80, 83, 86 because droplets of water that are retained on the dewatering screens

can be reacquired by the pellets through repeated impacts with the dewatering screens.

Thus, limiting pellet impacts with the dewatering screens 80, 83, 86 can enhance the

drying process. Another problem with screen impacts is that the screen can act as a "grater" which shaves, or breaks off pieces of the pellets. These pieces of pellets, called

"fines," can negatively effect the process in a number of ways, for example by

contaminating the discharged water and by "gumming" up the dewatering screens,

bearings, and other parts of the pellet dryer 30.

The third region 150 of the rotor 89 can require fewer lifters 160 because

most of the dewatering has been accomplished in the first 144 and second 147 regions.

The main factor effecting the number of lifters 160 in the third region 150 is providing sufficient time to vaporize remaining water by maintenance of the controlled upward

movement of the pellets toward and out through the pellet discharge port 48.

Accordingly, only the number of lifters 160 required to maintain a slower controlled

upward flow of the pellets need be provided on the rotor surface 95 in the third region

150. Some of the drying effected in the second 147 and third 150 regions can be the

result of internal heat of the pellets. Since the pellets may often be delivered in a slurry

to the centrifugal pellet dryer 30 directly after the pelletization process, the pellets can

typically still contain some internal heat. In the second 147 and third 150 regions of the

centrifugal pellet dryer 30, limiting screen contacts, and thus limiting contact with

water droplets on the dewatering screens 80, 83, 86, permits the internal heat of the

pellets to continue the drying process while the pellets are carried upwards. In a

presently preferred embodiment, 8 lifters 160 can be utilized in each row in the second

region 147 whereas half as many lifters 160 can be used in each row in the third region

150. However, the number of rows in each region 144, 147, 150, 153, and the number of lifters in each row, can be dependent upon the length and diameter of the rotor 89.

It should also be understood that the "regions" 144, 147, 150, 153 of the

rotor 89 are not necessarily coextensive with each section 63, 66, 69 of the pellet dryer

30— which are generally defined by the separator plates 71, 74, 77. In particular, regions of different lifter configurations on the rotor 89 need not be confined to any

single section 63, 66, 69 of the pellet dryer 30 or any single dewatering screen 80,83,

86. In other words, any particular region 144, 147, 150, 153 of the rotor 89 may extend

through adjacent sections 63, 66, 69 and/or dewatering screens 80, 83, 86.

Regarding assembly of a preferred embodiment of the pellet dryer 30, Figures 13 and 14 illustrate internal frame members 169, 172 having a number of vertically extending support members 175, 178, four in these embodiments, which can

provide the primary structural framework for the centrifugal pellet dryer 30. As shown,

separator plates 181-194 can be utilized at various positions along the vertical supports

175, 178 to divide the pellet dryer 30 into different sections. These sections can

generally separate the centrifugal pellet dryer 30 into a number of distinct chambers,

such as the three sections 198-204 shown in Figure 13, or the two sections 206, 209

shown in Figure 14. The separator plates can be provided with openings 212 which can

permit a vacuum created via exhaust port 51 to be applied to each chamberized section 198-204 to improve the drying process, as explained previously in connection with the

description of Figure 3. However, more than three sections, or a single section, could

also be utilized according to the invention. The vertical support members 175, 178 can

be a single cylindrical member or may be assembled from sections which fasten

together, such as at the junctions of the separator plates 181-194 and the vertical

supports. The pellet dryer 30 can be assembled by connecting the base member 101,

with the base plate 128 thereon, to the bottom of the vertical support members 175, 178

via mating fastener openings provided in the base member 101, the base plate 128, and in each end of each vertical support 175, 175, through which an appropriate fastener

can be disposed to join the components together. Next, the rotor 89, with the rotor

manifold 107 connected thereto, can be disposed down through the center opening

formed in each separator plate such that the lower portion 119 of the rotor manifold 107

is connected within the receptacle 122 formed in the base member 101. Of course, the

water bearing 318 and seal 324 can be installed earlier if appropriate. The pellet

discharge member 134 can be connected over the top end of the rotor 89 with the rotor

shaft member 98 disposed through an opening 139 provided in the pellet discharge member 134 for connecting the rotor shaft member 98 to the output shaft of the motor

57, which can be connected atop the pellet discharge member 134. The pellet discharge

member 134 can be connected to the vertical support members via mating fastener

openings provided therein to connect to each vertical support 175, 178. The dewatering

screens 80-86 can be removably positioned in each section 63-69, or 198-209, around

the rotor 89 and secured in place. Finally, the outer cover, or housing 54, can be

removably positioned over the entire framework 169, 172 and secured in place. To

operate the pellet dryer 30, a source of slurry can be connected to the slurry inlet 42 and

the motor 57 operated to rotate the rotor 89 to begin pumping the slurry through the

pellet dryer 30.

A presently preferred embodiment of a lifter 92 which can be affixed to

the surface 95 of the rotor 89, or, it is to be understood, to any prior art rotors for

conventional centrifugal pellet dryers, is illustrated in Figures 15 through 18. Typically,

the lifter 92 is affixed to the cylindrical rotor surface 95 at an upwardly inclined angle

of 45 degrees, thus defining a typical helix curvature. Additionally, as explained

previously, the lifter 92 can preferably be configured to deflect the pellets inwardly

toward the surface 95 of the rotor 89 in order to limit the number of impacts between

the pellets and the dewatering screen 80, 83, 86. A presently preferred configuration for the lifter 92 is to provide an inwardly curved surface on the front face of the lifter,

wherein the front face is facing the direction of rotation of the rotor 89. The inwardly

curved surface tends to control the pellet path, keeping the pellets in the lifter envelope

and away from the dewatering screens. The arrangement of the lifters on the rotor,

generally a higher concentration of lifters on the lower region of the rotor, works in

combination with the inwardly curved surface of the lifters 92 to provide increased pellet impacts with the lifters. When a pellet hits a lifter 92, water is transferred to the

lifter 92 and centrifugal force works that water out to the dewatering screens 80, 83, 86.

Thus, the lifter 92 is generally continuously cleaning itself of water. However, although

much of the water passes through the dewatering screens 80, 83, 86, some of the water

is retained on the inside surface of the screens 80, 83, 86 where it can be reacquired by

pellets impacting the screen. Pellet impacts with the dewatering screens are therefore

generally undesirable— hence advantage of inwardly contoured lifters 92.

Consequently, it is clear that it is the inwardly curving shape of the lifter, and/or in the

configuration of lifters, e.g., more or fewer lifters in each row in different regions along

the length of the rotor, which results in much of the advantages obtained according to

the invention.

Generally, the contour of a presently preferred embodiment of the lifter

92, which generally corresponds to lifter 160 in Figure 12, can best be described as

being characterized by the top and bottom edge of the lifter 92 defining an involute curve. The lifters 144 in Figure 12 can have the identical curvature, except that the

lifters 144 are longer— twice as long in a preferred embodiment. It should also be

understood that the lifters are attached to the rotor in a conventional 45 degree helix configuration. The 45 degree helix configuration provides the lift to carry the pellets

upwards through the pellet dryer 30. However, it is the involute curvature, i.e., the

inwardly curving aspect, of the lifter 92 which can reduce the number of screen

impacts. The exact contour of such a lifter 92 can be dependent on the diameter of the

rotor 89. For example, a presently preferred lifter can have a curvature defined by the following equations:

Xcoord = Inner Radius (COS Degree + Radian x SUM Degree)

O OO S (

c ) i-. - 05C0N o -r- T- r CD c c c

σ) '* σι ^ C C

ιosσ)'! N N N C

O

83 1.448 6.239 3.262

85 1.483 6.260 3.466

87 1.518 6.275 3.675

89 1.553 6.282 3.889

91 1.588 6.282 4.108

Although a preferred embodiment of the lifter 92 comprises providing an

involute curvature, such as according to the foregoing equations, it will be appreciated

by those skilled in the art that various other configurations of the lifter 92 could be

devised which also deflect pellets inwardly toward the rotor surface away from the dewatering screens. For example, other equations which define an inwardly curving

surface could be formulated. Also, the lifter 92 surface could be formed from a series

of flat surfaces bent or joined at angles to each other define a surface which depends

inwardly toward the rotor surface. Additionally, a less sophisticated configuration

could be to simply provide a flanged, or bent, portion at the outermost edge of the lifter

92. The flanged portion could be angled toward the direction of rotation of the rotor

such that pellets striking the flanged portion would be deflected toward the surface of

the rotor and other lifters.

The vertical spacing between rows of lifters 92 can preferably be set to eliminate any horizontal gaps between the rows. The number of lifters 92 in each row

can be dependent upon the diameter of the rotor 89 and the speed of rotation. The

spacing between each lifter 92 in rows in, for example, the second region 147 in Figure

12, is set to minimize pellet slippage and provide a maximum amount of impacts

between pellets and the lifters 92. For example, in an embodiment of a rotor having an

8 inch diameter and rotated at about 1200 rpm, 8 lifters can be used in each row. In the

third region 150, for example, resonance only requires a minimum number of impacts

to keep the pellets moving upwardly and to provide time for internal heat of the pellets to vaporize any remaining film of water on the surface of the pellets. In the example

embodiment described above using 8 lifters in each row in the second region 147, only

4 lifters in each row of lifters in the third region 150 can be needed to satisfy the

requirements described above. The number of rows of lifters in each region can be

largely dependent upon the length and diameter of the rotor 89. Generally, the lifters 92

are contoured and configured to create, as an example, a pellet path described as

follows:

A pellet hits the front of one lifter which accelerates and lifts the pellet to the next row of lifters. The pellet hits the back of the lifter in the row directly above, which decelerates and stops the lift of the pellet. The pellet then hits the front of a following lifter in the same row, which accelerates and lifts the pellet up to the next row of hfters. The process repeats until the pellet reaches the pellet discharge port.

Consequently, the configuration of the front surface of the lifter 92 and

the arrangement of the lifters 92 on the rotor 89 permits some degree of control over the

pellet path to optimize and control the process. For example, the top of one row of

lifters 92 can be vertically aligned with the bottom of an adjacent row of lifters 92.

Vertical spacing has been determined, such as by using computer simulation, to match

vertical gap between rows of lifters 92 to pellet velocity and lifter speed (rotational speed of the rotor) to provide the greatest transfer of pellets from the front of a lifter 92

in one row to the back of a lifter 92 in the row directly above. Reducing the vertical

gap, from an optimal distance, induces a spiral effect, which can undesirably increase

the vertical speed of the pellets, thus reducing the available drying time and number of

impacts between the pellets and the lifters. Additionally, providing too large a gap can

result in the pellets missing the back of lifters in an upper adjacent row, which can

disadvantageously result in a loss of control over the pellet path, also reducing impacts

between pellets and lifters and reducing the available drying time. A presently preferred rotor diameter can be 8 inches, but could be

smaller or much larger, such as 36 inches. The height of each lifter 92, and the spacing

therebetween, can be dependent on the rotational speed at which the rotor 89 is

operated. A presently preferred speed is a standard motor speed of 1150- 1200 rpm,

although a range of about 700 to 1800 rpms can also be utilized. Other factors in the

system include the diameter of the rotor 89 at the outer tip of the lifters 92. For an 8

inch diameter rotor 89, a presently preferred diameter at the outer tip of the lifters 92

can be 13.75 inches. The surrounding dewatering screens, 80, 83, 86 can have a

presently preferred diameter of 14 inches. However, variations of these dimensions can

be provided satisfactorily employed according to the invention, hi general, computer

simulation was used in the development of the invention to optimize certain elements

of the lifter contour and configuration for various rotor diameters, lengths, rotational

speeds, and other factors. Thus, pellet dryers having different operational requirements

can be designed in accordance with the invention but with customized elements, such as

lifter contour, configuration of lifters on the rotor, rotor diameter, length and rotational speed, number of chamberized sections of the pellet dryer, and the like.

Referring to Figures 19 and 20A-20H, a manner of providing a presently preferred configuration of lifters or the rotor 89 is illustrated wherein attachment points

on the rotor 89 for each lifter are provided. The layouts in Figures 19 and 20A-20H to

provide a pattern for a presently preferred configuration of lifters on a rotor having an 8

inch outside diameter. The number of rows of holes "F" and "G: can vary depending

upon the length of the rotor 89. For example, a pellet dryer 30 with 3 sections, as

shown in Figure 3, could have a 8 inch diameter rotor 89 with an overall length of 59

inches and 26 rows of holes "F" and "G." Alternatively, a four screen model could have an overall length greater than seven feet and more than 30 rows of holes "F" and "G." It

should be observed that the pairs of attachment holes, reference number 218 for

example, must be space and positioned to correspond to the attachment pins 214, 215

provided on the lifter 92. In a preferred embodiment, the distance "w" between each

pair of attachment holes can be the same, and can be 2 inches.

In Figures 20A, 20B, 20D and 20E, the pattern is for attaching the longer

lifters, i.e., lifters 157 in Figure 12. Four lifters are provided equally spaced around the

diameter. Figure 20C indicates that four openings equally spaced around the diameter

are provided for the radially extending passages 113 through which the slurry is

conducted from the rotor manifold 107 into the pellet dryer 30. As shown in Figure 12,

preferably 8 lifters 92 can be provided in region 147 of the rotor 89, i.e., the first 8 rows

of lifters 92. Thereafter, only 4 lifters 92 can be provided in region 150 of the rotor 89,

e.g., each of the 18 subsequent rows of lifters. As described above, a presently

preferred 3-screen embodiment of the rotor 89 can have 26 rows of holes "F" and "G," for attaching the 8 rows of 8 lifters 92 and subsequent 18 rows of 4 lifters 92.

Further aspects of a preferred embodiment of the invention are

illustrated in Figures 21 through 23 which show additional details of the lower end to the pellet dryer 30. As shown, the rotor manifold 107 is supported by a bearing 318

which runs in ordinary water. The water bearing 318, shown best in Figure 22, can be

"cooled" using fresh make up water provided via a water inlet 321. Use of a water

bearing 318 avoids a common problem with conventional pellet dryers wherein water

from the slurry migrates into the rotor bearings thus ruining the bearing and requiring

premature replacement. In the present case the bearing 318 is designed to run in water

so premature failure due to water contamination can be entirely eliminated. Additionally, a seal 324 can be used at the interface between the slurry inlet 42 and the

rotor manifold 107. As shown in Figure 21, the slurry inlet 42 creates a water trap 327

which, along with the seal 324, seals the slurry inlet 42. Figure 23 illustrates a water

containment member 329 attachable to the base member 101 which collects water 330

discharged through water discharge outlets 45 and subsequently diverts the discharged

water 330 through drain 336. The water containment member 329 can have a wall

portion 342 between the drain 336 and the water discharge outlets 45. The wall portion 342 acts like a dam which and helps to maintain the water 330 in the water containment

member 329 at a level just above the opening of the water discharge outlets 45 such that

a water seal is created. The water trap 327 created by the slurry inlet 42 and the water

seal created by the water containment member 329 work to prevent air from entering

into the lower dewatering regions 144, 147 and moisture from rising up through the

pellet dryer 30 as the pellets are carried upwards toward the pellet discharge outlet 48.

These features can enhance the advantages obtained using the application of a vacuum

via the exhaust port 51, as previously described herein.

Although certain embodiments of the invention have been described in

detail, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various modifications to those details could be developed in light of the overall teaching of the disclosure.

Accordingly, the particular embodiments disclosed herein are intended to be illustrative

only and not limiting to the scope of the invention which should be awarded the full

breadth of the following claims and any and all embodiments thereof.

Claims

CLAIMS:

1. A centrifugal pellet dryer comprising:

a. a housing;

b. a base portion adjacent a lower end of said housing, said base portion

having a slurry inlet and a water discharge outlet;

c. a top portion adjacent an upper end of said housing, said top portion

having a pellet discharge port;

d. a rotor disposed for rotation within said housing;

e. a foraminous member extending within at least a portion of said housing

and surrounding at least a portion of said rotor, said foraminous member permitting

water to pass through while preventing passage of pellets;

f. a plurality of lifters affixed to an outer surface or said rotor for directing

said pellets upwardly within said foraminous member toward said pellet discharge port;

and

g. at least one of said plurality of lifters having a front surface configured to deflect said pellets generally inwardly toward said outer surface of said rotor, said

front surface facing a direction in which said rotor is rotated.

2. The centrifugal pellet dryer of claim 1 further comprising said front surface

having upper and lower edges, and said upper and lower edges defining an involute

curve.

3. The centrifugal pellet dryer of claim 2 wherein said upper and lower edges have a curvature defined by the following equations: Xcoord = Inner Radius (COS Degree + Radian x SIN Degree); and

Ycoord = Inner Radius (STN Degree + Radian x COS Degree).

4. The centrifugal pellet dryer of claim 1 further comprising:

a. a first plurality of lifters affixed to said outer surface in a first region of

said rotor;

b. a second plurality of lifters affixed to said outer surface in a second

region of said rotor; and c. said first plurality of lifters being greater than said second plurality of

lifters.

5. The centrifugal pellet dryer of claim 4 further comprising said first region

associated with an end of said rotor which contacts a slurry of pellets prior to said

second region.

6. The rotor of claim 5 wherein said second plurality of lifters in said second

region further comprise a minimum number of lifters necessary to maintain an upward movement of pellets toward said pellet discharge port.

7. The rotor of claim 4 further comprising said first and second pluralities of lifters

being configured in a plurality of spaced apart rows of lifters in said first and second

regions, and each of said spaced apart rows in said first region provided with a greater

number of lifters than provided in said spaced apart rows in said second region.

8. The centrifugal pellet dryer of claim 1 further comprising:

a. a plurality of separator plates disposed within said pellet dryer, each of

said plurality of separator plates having a central opening through which said rotor

extends, said plurality of separator plates sectiomng said pellet dryer into a plurality of

chambers; and

b. said foraminous member being a plurality of foraminous members, at

least one of said plurality of foraminous member extending within at least one of said

plurality of chambers created by said plurality of separator plates.

9. The pellet dryer of claim 8 further comprising one of said plurality of

foraminous members nearest said top portion having a non-foraminous end portion,

said non-foraminous end portion provided adjacent said top portion.

10. The centrifugal pellet dryer of claim 8 further comprising:

a. an exhaust port in said top member for applying a vacuum within said

housing; and b. at least one of said plurality of separator plates having an opening

therethrough such that said vacuum can be applied in at least one of said plurality of

chambers.

11. The pellet dryer of claim 1 further comprising said base portion having a slurry

lift member communicating with said slurry inlet, said slurry lift member initiating an upward flow of slurry from said slurry inlet.

12. The pellet dryer of claim 11 wherein said slurry lift further comprises a feed

auger connected to said rotor for rotation therewith.

13. The pellet dryer of claim 1 further comprising a container member attached to

said base portion, said container member having a chamber in communication with said

water discharge outlet for receiving discharged water, said container member having an outlet port and a wall portion positioned between said outlet port and said water

discharge outlet, said wall portion sized to maintain water within said chamber at a

level sufficient to create a water seal with said discharge outlet.

14. The pellet dryer of claim 1 wherein said slurry inlet further comprises a

generally elbow-shaped member such that a water trap is created preventing air from

being drawn through said slurry inlet.

15. The centrifugal pellet dryer of claim 1 further comprising said top member

having an air inlet opening in communication with said pellet discharge port to provide

counter-flow air.

16. The centrifugal pellet dryer of claim 1 further comprising said rotor having an

upper end driven by a motor and a lower end supported at said base portion by a bearing

which runs in water.

17. A centrifugal pellet dryer comprising:

a. a housing;

b. a base portion adj acent a lower end of said housing, said base portion

having a slurry inlet and a water discharge outlet;

c. a top portion adj acent an upper end of said housing, said top portion

having a pellet discharge port;

d. a rotor disposed for rotation within said housing;

e. a plurality of foraminous members extending within at least a portion of

said housing and surrounding at least a portion of said rotor, said plurality of

foraminous members permitting water to pass through while preventing passage of pellets;

and

g. a plurality of separator plates disposed intermediate at least two of said

plurality of foraminous members, each of said plurality of separator plates having a

central opening through which said rotor extends, said plurality of separator plates sectioning said pellet dryer into a plurality of chambers wherein at least one of said

foraminous members extends.

18. The pellet dryer of claim 17 further comprising one of said plurality of

foraminous members nearest said top portion having a non-foraminous end portion, said non-foraminous end portion provided adjacent said top portion.

19. The centrifugal pellet dryer of claim 17 further comprising:

a. an exhaust port in said top member for applying a vacuum within said

housing; and

b. at least one of said plurality of separator plates having an opening

chambers.

20. The centrifugal pellet dryer of claim 17 further comprising:

said rotor;

b. a second plurality of lifters affixed to said outer surface in a second

region of said rotor; and

c. said first plurality of lifters being greater than said second plurality of

lifters.

21. The centrifugal pellet dryer of claim 20 further comprising said first region

associated with an end of said rotor which contacts a slurry of pellets prior to said second region.

22. The rotor of claim 21 wherein said second plurality of lifters in said second

region further comprise a minimum number of lifters necessary to maintain an upward

movement of pellets toward said pellet discharge port.

23. The rotor of claim 20 further comprising said first and second pluralities of

lifters being configured in a plurality of spaced apart rows of lifters in said first and

second regions, and each of said spaced apart rows in said first region provided with a

greater number of lifters than provided in said spaced apart rows in said second region.

24. The rotor of claim 20 wherein at least one of said first and second pluralities of lifters further comprises a blade attachable to said outer surface of said rotor, said blade

having a front surface configured to deflect said pellets generally inwardly toward said outer surface of said rotor, said front surface facing a direction in which said rotor is

rotated.

25. The rotor of claim 24 further comprising said front surface of said blade having

upper and lower edges, and said upper and lower edges defining an involute curve.

26. The rotor of claim 25 further comprising said upper and lower edges have a

curvature defined by the following equations:

Xcoord = Inner Radius (COS Degree + Radian x SIN Degree); and Ycoord = Inner Radius (STN Degree + Radian x COS Degree).

27. The pellet dryer of claim 17 further comprising said base portion having a slurry

lift member communicating with said slurry inlet, said slurry lift member initiating an

upward flow of slurry from said slurry inlet.

28. The pellet dryer of claim 27 wherein said slurry lift further comprises a feed

auger connected to said rotor for rotation therewith.

29. The pellet dryer of claim 17 further comprising a container member attached to

water discharge outlet for receiving discharged water, said container member having an

outlet port and a wall portion positioned between said outlet port and said water

level sufficient to create a water seal with said discharge outlet.

30. The pellet dryer of claim 17 wherein said slurry inlet further comprises a

being drawn through said slurry inlet.

31. The centrifugal pellet dryer of claim 17 further comprising said top member

having an air inlet opening in communication with said pellet discharge port to provide counter-flow air.

32. A centrifugal pellet dryer comprising: a. a housing;

b. a base portion adjacent a lower end of said housing, said base portion

having a slurry inlet and a water discharge outlet;

c. a top portion adjacent an upper end of said housing, said top portion

having a pellet discharge port; d. a rotor disposed for rotation within said housing;

e. a foraminous member extending within at least a portion of said housing

water to pass through while preventing passage of pellets;

and g. said rotor having an upper end driven by a motor and a lower end

supported at said base portion by a bearing which runs in water.

33. The centrifugal pellet dryer of claim 32 further comprising said upper end of

said rotor having a shaft portion connected to an output shaft of said motor for direct

rotation thereby.

34. A centrifugal pellet dryer comprising:

a. a housing; b. a base portion adjacent a lower end of said housing, said base portion

having a slurry inlet and a water discharge outlet;

c. a top portion adjacent an upper end of said housing, said top portion having a pellet discharge port;

d. a rotor disposed for rotation within said housing;

e. a foraminous member extending within at least a portion of said housing

water to pass through while preventing passage of pellets; f. a plurality of lifters affixed to an outer surface or said rotor for directing

and

g. said base portion having a slurry lift member communicating with said

slurry inlet, said slurry lift member initiating an upward flow of slurry from said slurry

inlet.

35. The pellet dryer of claim 34 wherein said slurry lift further comprises a feed

auger connected to said rotor for rotation therewith.

36. A centrifugal pellet dryer comprising:

a. a housing;

b. a base portion adjacent a lower end of said housing, said base portion having a slurry inlet and a water discharge outlet;

c. a top portion adjacent an upper end of said housing, said top portion

having a pellet discharge port;

d. a rotor disposed for rotation within said housing;

e. a foraminous member extending within at least a portion of said housing and surrounding at least a portion of said rotor, said foraminous member permitting

water to pass through while preventing passage of pellets;

and g. a container member attached to said base portion, said container member

having a chamber in communication with said water discharge outlet for receiving

discharged water, said container member having an outlet port and a wall portion

positioned between said outlet port and said water discharge outlet, said wall portion

sized to maintain water within said chamber at a level sufficient to create a water seal

with said discharge outlet.

37. The pellet dryer of claim 36 wherein said slurry inlet further comprises a

being drawn through said slurry inlet.

38. A rotor for a centrifugal pellet dryer comprising:

a. an outer surface;

b. a first plurality of lifters affixed to said outer surface in a first region of said rotor;

c. a second plurality of lifters affixed to said outer surface in a second region of said rotor; and

d. said first plurality of lifters being greater than said second plurality of lifters.

39. The rotor of claim 38 further comprising said first region associated with an end

of said rotor which contacts a slurry of pellets prior to said second region when said

rotor is disposed for rotation within a pellet dryer.

40. The rotor of claim 39 wherein said second plurality of lifters in said second

movement of pellets toward a discharge port in said pellet dryer.

41. The rotor of claim 38 further comprising said first and second pluralities of

42. The rotor of claim 38 further comprising at least one of said first and second

pluralities of lifters further comprises a blade attachable to said outer surface, and said

blade having a front surface configured to deflect said pellets generally inwardly toward

said outer surface of said rotor, said front surface facing a direction in which the rotor is

rotated.

43. The rotor of claim 42 further comprising said front surface of said blade having

44. The rotor of claim 43 further comprising said upper and lower edges have a

curvature defined by the following equations:

Xcoord = Inner Radius (COS Degree + Radian x SIN Degree); and

Ycoord = Inner Radius (STN Degree + Radian x COS Degree).

45. A rotor for a centrifugal pellet dryer comprising:

a. an outer surface;

b. a plurality of lifters affixed to an outer surface or said rotor for directing

and

c. at least one of said plurality of lifters having a front surface configured

to deflect said pellets generally inwardly toward said outer surface of said rotor said

front surface facing a direction in which said rotor is rotated.

46. The rotor of claim 45 further comprising said front surface having upper and

lower edges, and said upper and lower edges defining an involute curve.

47. The rotor of claim 46 further comprising said upper and lower edges have a cμrvature defined by the following equations:

Xcoord = Inner Radius (COS Degree + Radian x STN Degree); and

Ycoord = Inner Radius (STN Degree + Radian x COS Degree).

48. A lifter for a centrifugal pellet dryer rotor comprising a blade attachable to the surface of said rotor and said blade having a front surface configured to deflect said

pellets generally inwardly toward said outer surface of said rotor, said front surface

facing a direction in which said rotor is rotated.

49. The lifter of claim 48 further comprising said front surface having upper and

lower edges, and said upper and lower edges defining an involute curve.

50. The lifter of claim 49 wherein said upper and lower edges have a curvature defined by the following equations:

Xcoord = Inner Radius (COS Degree + Radian x STN Degree); and Ycoord = Inner Radius (STN Degree + Radian x COS Degree).