WO2000038789A1 - Swimming or diving goggles - Google Patents
Swimming or diving goggles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000038789A1 WO2000038789A1 PCT/IT1999/000425 IT9900425W WO0038789A1 WO 2000038789 A1 WO2000038789 A1 WO 2000038789A1 IT 9900425 W IT9900425 W IT 9900425W WO 0038789 A1 WO0038789 A1 WO 0038789A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- lens
- frame
- goggles
- user
- surround
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B33/00—Swimming equipment attachable to the head, e.g. swim caps or goggles
- A63B33/002—Swimming goggles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to goggles for swimming or diving.
- goggles for swimming An extensive range of types of goggles for swimming is widely available commercially, the successors of the Polynesian or Japanese goggles from the start of the twentieth century, and these are characterized by a construction consisting essentially of two eyepieces that are completely separate.
- Each eyepiece consists essentially of a flat or curved lens, and a soft ring in which the lens fits hermetically, and rests with its annular rear edge on the immediate periphery of the eye and in some way or other inside the orbital cavity.
- the eyepieces are joined together by a flexible central bridge, which can also be adjustable.
- These goggles are provided with an elastic headband of adjustable length.
- goggles of this type is described and illustrated in patent US-A-5, 52 , 300.
- swimming goggles of this type have two serious shortcomings, which cannot be eliminated as they are inherent in the design.
- the first shortcoming consists of optical distortions due to refraction in water. This shortcoming arises from the fact that nothing is provided for the purpose of compelling the two lenses to take positions, if flat, on a single common plane and, if curved, following a single permanent surface of curvature that is predetermined by design. Once the goggles are being worn and the eyepieces are resting in the orbital cavities of the user, it is inevitable that the lenses will be positioned more or less at an angle, in the least unfortunate case with the respective normals lying in a single horizontal plane or, much more often, crooked on account of different angular positioning of the eyepieces in the orbits. In all cases there is doubling of vision into two images because the directions of virtual vision are different from the real directions, with the result that during use, the user is subject to a very troublesome sensation of nausea.
- the second shortcoming consists of painful, non- hermetic orbital support of the two eyepieces.
- the fact that the two eyepieces rest on soft anatomical regions inside the orbital cavities makes the seal inefficient precisely because the respective rings do not have a solid contrast, unless the tension of the headband is exhausted.
- the effect is in any case painful, and certainly harmful to the health of the eye, in that it contributes to restriction of superficial blood circulation, and alteration of the values of ocular pressure. In the long term, from the medical standpoint this effect could become dangerous.
- the applicant has proposed goggles of an entirely different type for swimming or diving, described in European patent application EP-A-0824029.
- goggles contain a double (or theoretically also single) lens shaped according to a cylindrical surface with substantially rectilinear vertical generating lines with progressively variable radius of curvature, much greater corresponding to the front portion, and less corresponding to the lateral portions; a frame carrying the lens is shaped and arranged substantially according to the same cylindrical surface of the said lens; and a seal carried by the frame which can, during use, be applied with a tight seal on the user's face, the arrangement being such that during use the lens is held very close to the surface of the user's face.
- a lens that is substantially rigid (theoretically single but in practice formed from an assembly of two lenses held tightly together by a rigid supporting structure), with a curvature that has a quite precise geometry similar to a cylindroid with continuously variable radii and vertical generating lines, almost flat m the zone between the two optical axes and conversely with large radius of curvature in the two peripheral zones, with joints without an edge between the various zones of the lens, capable of providing an extremely panoramic visual field, free from discontinuities through the absence of dihedrals, without aberrations and refractive defects in the central zone, where the eye is perfectly capable of detecting optical imperfections, and in which the zones with strong refractive effect are relegated to the outermost right and left zones of the lens, where the eye is only capable of seeing indistinctly and so is not disturbed by refractive defects; - support on the face which, compared with an ordinary underwater mask
- goggles of this type with rigid lens with predetermined cylindrical surface and very close to the surface of the user's face still have the following drawbacks.
- the transparent element of the goggles really can be formed by a single lens
- the construction of the goggles makes this solution difficult to achieve except at high cost.
- commercial application of the goggles in question we are therefore essentially compelled to use a configuration with two lenses, each enveloped in its own annular rubber + plastics surround, though the result is inferior aesthetically to what would be desired on account of the presence, in the central zone between the two lenses, of a vertical bridge.
- the structure for connection and torsional-flexural stiffening between the two lenses is relatively heavy and, as already explained, expensive to manufacture.
- the aim of the present invention is to make goggles of the type specified above which, while maintaining their advantages in terms of visual efficiency and user comfort, make it possible to eliminate the aforementioned shortcomings. According to the invention, this aim is achieved essentially owing to the following combination of characteristics :
- the frame is formed by a substantially flexible annular body made in one piece with the aforementioned surround by injection moulding of an elastomeric and preferably thermoplastic material,
- the surround has an annular shape that describes a single continuous perimeter, substantially a horizontal figure-of-eight which is not closed at the centre, encircling both of the user's eyes when in use, and
- the lens consists of a substantially flexible sheet whose peripheral edge is formed with a large number of through-holes, and which is embedded hermetically m the said frame by being moulded simultaneously with the latter.
- the goggles according to the invention are constituted of a single piece formed from a flexible lens; curved according to a progressive geometry described mathematically in the previously mentioned European patent application EP-A-0824029; embedded by simultaneous moulding m an integral soft body, formed by injection of elastomeric or thermoplastic material using a suitable mould, shaped so as to rest on the face describing a single continuous perimeter, on the anatomical sequence of left forehead-temple-cheekbone-cheek/ root of the nose/ right cheek-cheekbone-temple-forehead of the user.
- the flexibility of the assembly consisting of lens and frame which is gradual and is without sharp changes in viewing angle that might cause discontinuities in underwater vision, permits simple adaptation to faces of different widths.
- the lens can conveniently be single, but it can also be formed from two parts that are separate but rigid in flexure and torsion between themselves.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of goggles for swimming or diving according to the invention
- Fig. 2 is a front view of Fig. 1
- Fig. 3 shows a top view of the lens of the goggles before it is applied to the frame
- Fig. 4 is a vertical section through line IV-IV of Fig. 2
- Fig. 5 is a horizontal section through line V-V of Fig. 2.
- goggles for swimming and diving according to the invention are designated in their entirety as 1.
- the goggles 1 consist of just two components: a frame 2 and a lens 3, both flexible and permanently joined together hermetically by the means explained in the following.
- the goggles 1 are provided with a headband 4, shown partially in Fig. 5, formed from an elastic band of a construction that is resistant to chlorinated water and sea water, the ends of which can be joined to the sides of frame 2 directly or, as in the case of the example shown, by means of a pair of buckles 5 fixed to frame 2 by button fasteners 6 in a single piece or in two pieces joined together by a snap fit.
- Headband 4 can be provided with a system for length adjustment of any conventional type or alternatively of the type described and illustrated in European patent application EP-A-0892666 in the name of the same applicant .
- headband 4 can consist of a rubber band with indented ends, of the type normally employed for underwater masks, with two adjusting buckles positioned at the ends of frame 2.
- the said frame 2 consists of a soft body of elastomeric and preferably thermoplastic material, PVC being suitable, with a relatively thick front portion 7, of C-shaped cross section and less flexible, and a rear portion 8 that is softer, more flexible and more elastic.
- This rear portion 8 defines a one-piece surround shaped so as to be supported on the user's face on a single perimeter on the forehead/temples/ cheeks/root of the nose zone, completely relieving the orbital cavities from any pressure and also being adaptable to faces of different widths, owing to the flexibility of the lens 3, which will be discussed later.
- the surround defined by the rear portion 8 is substantially a horizontal figure-of- eight, not closed at the centre, i.e.
- This rear portion 8 as is clear from Figs. 4 and 5, has a much thinner section than the front portion 7, is therefore shaped as a single ring squeezed vertically between forehead and nose, and instead of being supported painfully by two annular zones within the orbital cavities of the user - as in the case of conventional swimming goggles with two eyepieces - it is supported painlessly and with a perfect seal on the perimeter forehead-temple-left cheekbone and cheek-root of the nose-cheekbone and right cheek-right temple-forehead of the user.
- the whole of frame 2 can be made from any elastomeric thermoplastic material
- thermoplastic rubber thermoplastic rubber, polyurethane etc.
- vulcanizable material natural or synthetic rubber, neoprene, EPDM, solid or liquid silicone rubber, etc .
- frame 2 is moreover formed integrally with a vertical central bridge 10 situated between the concavity of the central zone (nose) and any slight concavity of the forehead, on both faces, inner and outer, of lens 3.
- This bridge 10 is to provide further stiffening of the structure of the goggles.
- Lens 3 can conveniently be of a single piece, as in the case of the example shown, but can also be formed from two parts that are separate but are stiff in flexure and torsion between them owing to the construction of the frame 2 with the associated stiffening elements.
- the single-piece lens 3 in the example is shaped as a "domino" or eye-mask, and is obtained by injection moulding or preferably by cutting from sheet and heat- forming, or by casting in a mould.
- it consists of an unbreakable organic material (polycarbonate; cellulose acetate or propionate; CR 39) which may be submitted to treatments for fogging resistance, scratch resistance, mirroring, coloration and UV absorption as well as other possible processing for endowing the sheet with phototropic, polarizing or other properties.
- Lens 3 is curved according to the progressive geometry described in the aforementioned European patent application EP-A-0824029, i.e. it has a cylindroid shape with substantially rectilinear vertical generating lines and radius of curvature in the horizontal plane that is continuously variable, much greater corresponding to the central zone and progressively less corresponding to the sides. This particular curvature, combined with the very short distance between lens 3 and the eyes of the user, ensures that in use, vision in water is not doubled and there is complete absence of defects of refraction in the central zone of the goggles 1.
- lens 3 is moderately flexible, so as to permit variations in width of the goggles 1, thus making them adaptable to faces of different widths. This flexibility can be reduced or otherwise controlled by the possible presence of transverse stiffening elements, such as, in addition to the central bridge 10 of frame 2, a partial front arch or a (complete or partial) peripheral encircling element incorporated in the front portion 7 of frame 2. These stiffening elements, not shown in the drawings, can be fitted to the body of goggles 1 by mechanical mounting, or more conveniently by embedding during simultaneous moulding.
- the lens 3 is provided, along its outer perimeter, with small through-holes whose function, as will be explained later, is to improve the permanent joint with the front portion 7 of frame 2.
- the holes arranged to correspond to the ends of lens 3, indicated by 9a in Fig. 3, can have a greater diameter than that of the other holes 9.
- the holes arranged to correspond to the central zone of lens 3, indicated by 9b, can be even larger and can be in the shape of elongated slots.
- holes 9 can be replaced by notches of omega shape, and in addition the peripheral shape of lens 3, to which the said holes are made to correspond, can be prepared by the application of a primer which performs the function of permitting, during the process of manufacture of goggles 1, gluing to the elastomeric material of frame 2.
- the lens 3 is embedded, by simultaneous moulding according to the technology described below, in the front portion 7 of frame 2. This technique is better, from the economic standpoint, than an alternative production technique according to which the frame 2 and the lens 3 are assembled together mechanically.
- frame 2 would be produced beforehand with a suitable groove or seating for lens 3, and this would then be mounted by force and held in place by suitable external elements, for example a vertical central clip having a function corresponding to that of the central bridge 10, which exerts traction between the opposite sides of frame 2 in the zone of the user's nose.
- suitable external elements for example a vertical central clip having a function corresponding to that of the central bridge 10, which exerts traction between the opposite sides of frame 2 in the zone of the user's nose.
- the front portion 7 of frame 2 surrounds the whole peripheral edge of lens 3 without a break.
- the C-shaped cross section of this front portion 7 ensures both hermeticity against ingress of water, and resistance to accidental disassembly of lens 3, while the holes 9 in the latter, filled with the material of frame 2 as explained below, define corresponding retaining pegs.
- the preferred production technology for the goggles 1 envisages separate production of lens 3, as mentioned, conveniently from transparent laminated sheets, of perfect optical properties.
- the successive stages are cutting and trimming of the sheet to the desired shape, machining of holes 9 or omega-shaped notches along the peripheral edge of the sheet, and then heat-forming according to the progressive curvature of the design.
- Internal treatments antiifogging, etc.
- external treatments for scratch resistance, mirroring, etc.
- they will, however, have to be of types that are not sensitive to the high temperatures that develop during simultaneous injection moulding of flexible frame 2.
- lens 3 can be formed directly by injection in a suitable mould, and then submitted to chemical or mechanical treatments to achieve the desired characteristics.
- the lens 3 thus formed is then placed in an injection mould for simultaneous moulding of frame 2 around the said lens.
- This operation requires the following steps:
- the zones of the mould of frame 2 intended for sealing the lens 3 will necessarily have to be perfectly smooth, and preferably relieved, or tapered, in the central zone, so as not to cause deterioration of the lens part intended for vision (for example, if the lens is 1 mm thick, the walls of the mould can each be relieved by 0.5 mm), - on the other hand the peripheral edges of the aforementioned zones of the mould will have to be loaded or made thicker by at least one or two tenths of a millimetre, both to prevent passage of burrs of thermoplastic material, and to lock the lens, preventing its translation and deformation due to the flow of injected material that is to constitute the frame 2. This will result in a slight incision ("coining") in the outer periphery of the lens zone that is free from the frame material, which is not at all troublesome for the aesthetic appearance and for vision .
- the material of frame 2 is a thermoplastic elastomeric material
- the technique of embedding lens 3 by simultaneous moulding will not require special measures, since the thermoplastic elastomers require cooled moulds and this precludes the risk of thermal damage of the lens.
- the material of frame 2 consists of a vulcanizable elastomeric material, which, as is well known, requires moulds heated between 120° and 220°C, there may be a problem of deformation of the lens during its dwell time in the mould. This problem is easily solved by thermal insulation and cooling of the zones of the mould that are involved in contact with the lens but are not involved m vulcanization of the elastomeric material .
- stiffening elements such as a transverse block in the front zone, or as already mentioned, a peripheral element completely or partially surrounding the periphery of the front portion 7 of frame 2.
- stiffening elements can be joined to frame 2 by mechanical assembly or, more conveniently, they can be embedded during simultaneous moulding.
- assembly of the goggles does not envisage any additional operation of assembly that might involve a risk of dirtying or damaging the lens .
- the support provided by the rear portion 8 of frame 2 is entirely comfortable as it does not place any pressure on the soft parts in the orbital cavities of the user, and ensures complete hermeticity. - Panoramic vision
- Vision during use is total from the extreme right to the extreme left of the goggles, it is without discontinuities, it is correct and not doubled in the central zone, while any small refractive aoerrations are relegated to the extreme peripheral zones of the lens and so are not noticeable.
- the flexibility of the lens which is absolutely gradual and is free from unexpected angulations that could cause discontinuities in underwater vision, permits immediate adaptability to faces of different widths.
- the goggles remain moderately flexible until they are fitted on the face, but once fitted they assume the geometry that is closer-fitting to the face, becoming practically non-deformable : the face itself becomes their "fourth wall", so that when they are being worn the visual image is steady and free from distortion .
- the soft frame 2 instead of leaving the user's nose free, covers it completely, achieving support on the face directly on the upper lip, as in an ordinary underwater mask.
- flexible single lens 3 with progressive curvature which ensures panoramic vision that is free from optical defects
- technology of embedding the single lens 3 in the flexible frame 2 by techniques of simultaneous moulding ensuring extremely economical production with modest capital expenditure.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002355375A CA2355375A1 (en) | 1998-12-29 | 1999-12-28 | Swimming or diving goggles |
AU20016/00A AU750988B2 (en) | 1998-12-29 | 1999-12-28 | Swimming or diving goggles |
EP99963677A EP1148914A1 (en) | 1998-12-29 | 1999-12-28 | Swimming or diving goggles |
JP2000590737A JP2003521959A (en) | 1998-12-29 | 1999-12-28 | Swimming or diving goggles |
US09/869,380 US6560788B1 (en) | 1998-12-29 | 1999-12-28 | Swimming or diving goggles |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT1998TO001092A IT1305088B1 (en) | 1998-12-29 | 1998-12-29 | GLASSES FOR SWIMMING OR DIVING. |
ITTO98A001092 | 1998-12-29 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000038789A1 true WO2000038789A1 (en) | 2000-07-06 |
Family
ID=11417279
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IT1999/000425 WO2000038789A1 (en) | 1998-12-29 | 1999-12-28 | Swimming or diving goggles |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6560788B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1148914A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2003521959A (en) |
AU (1) | AU750988B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2355375A1 (en) |
IT (1) | IT1305088B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000038789A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1190742A1 (en) * | 2000-09-20 | 2002-03-27 | Cressi-Sub S.p.A. | Swimming goggles and manufacturing process thereof |
EP1405655A1 (en) * | 2002-10-04 | 2004-04-07 | HTM SPORT S.p.A. | Swimming or diving goggles |
AU2013203935B2 (en) * | 2013-04-11 | 2015-10-01 | Global Esprit Inc. | Swimming Goggles |
TWI686326B (en) | 2018-05-24 | 2020-03-01 | 誠加興業股份有限公司 | Goggle mask and method of manufacturing the same |
US10925772B2 (en) | 2013-03-07 | 2021-02-23 | Oakley, Inc. | Regeneratable anti-fogging element for goggle |
Families Citing this family (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1319592A3 (en) * | 2001-12-12 | 2010-11-03 | Bruno Meroni | Diving mask |
US20050185512A1 (en) * | 2002-09-13 | 2005-08-25 | Dehaan David J. | Paintball goggle system audio game timer |
US6886183B2 (en) * | 2002-09-13 | 2005-05-03 | Dye Precision, Inc. | Goggle and mask system |
US20060090234A1 (en) * | 2004-10-29 | 2006-05-04 | Procaps L.P. | Protective mask for paintball |
TWM288826U (en) * | 2005-04-08 | 2006-03-21 | Home Consultant & Trading Co L | Structure of diving goggle |
US8011026B2 (en) | 2005-05-19 | 2011-09-06 | Kee Action Sports I Llc | Face mask and goggle system |
US20070023961A1 (en) * | 2005-07-28 | 2007-02-01 | Water Square Sports Co., Ltd. | Method for making a dive mask lanes retainer |
USD801589S1 (en) | 2006-02-10 | 2017-10-31 | Gi Sportz Direct Llc | Protective mask |
GB0609919D0 (en) | 2006-05-18 | 2006-06-28 | Speedo Int Ltd | Goggles |
TWM335303U (en) * | 2007-08-07 | 2008-07-01 | Pi-Lin Jiang | Structure of swimming goggle |
US20090064398A1 (en) * | 2007-09-09 | 2009-03-12 | Terry Chou | Swimming Goggles with a Frameless Unitary Len |
US8555425B2 (en) * | 2008-05-07 | 2013-10-15 | Nike, Inc. | Aquatic goggles |
TWM347946U (en) * | 2008-06-05 | 2009-01-01 | Pi-Lin Jiang | Swimming goggles |
AU2008202658B2 (en) * | 2008-06-17 | 2013-04-04 | Herman Chiang | Swimming Goggles |
US20100175171A1 (en) * | 2009-01-12 | 2010-07-15 | Dye Shannon M | Visual privacy garment |
US7971268B2 (en) * | 2009-01-23 | 2011-07-05 | Oakley, Inc. | Controlled deflection goggle |
USD785076S1 (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2017-04-25 | Shine Ball Enterprise Co., Ltd. | Diving mask |
JP7287674B2 (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2023-06-06 | 山本光学株式会社 | Face fittings and buckles for face fittings |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2645612A1 (en) * | 1975-10-08 | 1977-04-14 | Amf Inc | DIVING MASK |
DE8804096U1 (en) * | 1987-04-01 | 1988-05-05 | Sge Soc Gen Elastomeri Spa | |
US5524300A (en) | 1994-03-08 | 1996-06-11 | Chiang; Herman | Pair of swimming goggles |
GB2312967A (en) * | 1996-04-29 | 1997-11-12 | Herman Chiang | Watertight goggles |
EP0824029A1 (en) | 1996-08-13 | 1998-02-18 | TECHNISUB S.p.A. | Swimming or diving goggles |
EP0892666A1 (en) | 1996-04-08 | 1999-01-27 | K-Tron Technologies, Inc. | Separator for removing fine particulates from air |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5502515A (en) * | 1988-11-25 | 1996-03-26 | Sansalone; Salvatore N. | Diving mask |
-
1998
- 1998-12-29 IT IT1998TO001092A patent/IT1305088B1/en active
-
1999
- 1999-12-28 EP EP99963677A patent/EP1148914A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-12-28 JP JP2000590737A patent/JP2003521959A/en active Pending
- 1999-12-28 US US09/869,380 patent/US6560788B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-12-28 CA CA002355375A patent/CA2355375A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-12-28 AU AU20016/00A patent/AU750988B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-12-28 WO PCT/IT1999/000425 patent/WO2000038789A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2645612A1 (en) * | 1975-10-08 | 1977-04-14 | Amf Inc | DIVING MASK |
DE8804096U1 (en) * | 1987-04-01 | 1988-05-05 | Sge Soc Gen Elastomeri Spa | |
US5524300A (en) | 1994-03-08 | 1996-06-11 | Chiang; Herman | Pair of swimming goggles |
EP0892666A1 (en) | 1996-04-08 | 1999-01-27 | K-Tron Technologies, Inc. | Separator for removing fine particulates from air |
GB2312967A (en) * | 1996-04-29 | 1997-11-12 | Herman Chiang | Watertight goggles |
EP0824029A1 (en) | 1996-08-13 | 1998-02-18 | TECHNISUB S.p.A. | Swimming or diving goggles |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1190742A1 (en) * | 2000-09-20 | 2002-03-27 | Cressi-Sub S.p.A. | Swimming goggles and manufacturing process thereof |
US6718560B2 (en) | 2000-09-20 | 2004-04-13 | Cressi-Sub S.P.A. | Swimming goggles and manufacturing process thereof |
EP1405655A1 (en) * | 2002-10-04 | 2004-04-07 | HTM SPORT S.p.A. | Swimming or diving goggles |
US7147318B2 (en) | 2002-10-04 | 2006-12-12 | Htm Sport S.P.A. | Swimming or diving goggles |
US10925772B2 (en) | 2013-03-07 | 2021-02-23 | Oakley, Inc. | Regeneratable anti-fogging element for goggle |
AU2013203935B2 (en) * | 2013-04-11 | 2015-10-01 | Global Esprit Inc. | Swimming Goggles |
TWI686326B (en) | 2018-05-24 | 2020-03-01 | 誠加興業股份有限公司 | Goggle mask and method of manufacturing the same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU750988B2 (en) | 2002-08-08 |
AU2001600A (en) | 2000-07-31 |
IT1305088B1 (en) | 2001-04-10 |
US6560788B1 (en) | 2003-05-13 |
JP2003521959A (en) | 2003-07-22 |
EP1148914A1 (en) | 2001-10-31 |
ITTO981092A1 (en) | 2000-06-29 |
CA2355375A1 (en) | 2000-07-06 |
ITTO981092A0 (en) | 1998-12-29 |
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