US3383863A - Pond, tank and pit liner and method of detecting leaks - Google Patents
Pond, tank and pit liner and method of detecting leaks Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3383863A US3383863A US570052A US57005266A US3383863A US 3383863 A US3383863 A US 3383863A US 570052 A US570052 A US 570052A US 57005266 A US57005266 A US 57005266A US 3383863 A US3383863 A US 3383863A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- wires
- pit
- pad
- liner
- soil
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/40—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using electric means, e.g. by observing electric discharges
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
- E02B3/122—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips
- E02B3/126—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips mainly consisting of bituminous material or synthetic resins
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
- G01M3/16—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
- G01M3/16—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means
- G01M3/18—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators
- G01M3/186—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators for containers, e.g. radiators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24132—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including grain, strips, or filamentary elements in different layers or components parallel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24628—Nonplanar uniform thickness material
- Y10T428/24669—Aligned or parallel nonplanarities
- Y10T428/24694—Parallel corrugations
Definitions
- This invention relates to preventing liquids from seeping from a reservoir into the soil. More specifically, this invention is for sealing open ponds used in the disposal of salt water in the production of petroleum, hence referred to as salt water disposai pit or brine reservoir.
- a pit or pond is formed in the earth by conventional earthworking equipment and the pit lined with a liquid-proof sealer.
- a pad is placed next to the earth to prevent the liquid resin of the sealer from being absorbed by the earth. Also, the pad forms a smooth surface to receive the sealant coat.
- An object of this invention is to form a liquid-proof coating or liner to a pit formed in the soil.
- Another object is to detect leaks in the pit liner.
- FIG. l is a sectional view showing a tank built according to this invention.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged section showing details of construction of the iining.
- FIG. 3 is similar to FiG. 2 showing details of construction of an alternate embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is similar to FIG. 2 showing details of construction of the lining of FiG. 2 modified with a leak detector.
- FiG. 5 is a schematic plan representation of the elec- 'trical circuits of the leak detector.
- pit or cavity 10 has ben formed in the soil 12. As stated in the introduction, this cavity would be formed in the soil by conventional earthworking equipment.
- the liner 14 on the surface of the soil prevents any liquids within the cavity 1G from soaking into the soil. As seen, the dams around the pit 1t) have 45% sloped shoulders and are backlled with sand to accommodate expansion and contraction of the liner 14.
- the liner 14 is formed by first applying a pad upon the surface of the soil 12 completely covering the pit area.
- the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2 shows this pad as being corrugated cardboard 16.
- the embodiment of FIG. 3 shows this pad as being a mat of unwoven fibers 18.
- Certain foamed materials are adaptable for use as the pad.
- felt construction paper or heavy kraft paper is adaptable for use as the pad.
- One of the purposes of the pad is to prevent the sealing resins subsequently applied from leachingr into the soil. Therefore, many suitable pad materials are available.
- the corrugated board 16 has only a smooth sheet 2t) on one side and the corrugations 22 are exposed to the soil 12 or the underside.
- Such corrugated board is sometimes known as Coreflex-
- the insulating fibers 18 are of cellulose derivation and the pad is approximately 1/4 inch thick.
- Such pads are commonly available on the market for use in the building trades. It is characteristic of the pad in either iilustrated embodiment that the pad is somewhat cushiony.
- Impervious reinforced resin coat 24 is applied to the surface of the pad completely covering the pad. Reinforced resin coatings are well known and will not be described in detail except to note that a layer of glass fibers may be applied above the pad and resin sprayed upon the glass.
- the glass may be either woven or roving. As used herein, the term roving refers to a sheet of material with the fibers therein arranged in a random pattern.
- the reinforced coat 24 may be formed by dispensing chopped glass fibers with the resin in a single spraying operation as is known in the art.
- any of several synthetic resins are adaptable for this purpose, such as those which fall in the general categories of epoXies, polyurethanes, or polyesters.
- the liquid resin is applied by spraying. A heavy coat is sprayed first to wet the glass fibers. Thereafter, a light coat for making it liquid-tight is applied. 'i ⁇ he reinforced resin coating has necessary strength and flexibility to support a man walking on the liner.
- the liner 14 may be applied in situ. Also, the liner may be partially formed by applying the coating to the pad at a factory and the strip of material thus formed is made into rolls. At the site of the pit, it is then only necessary to lay the strips adjacent one another and seal the joints.
- the reinforced coat 24 will have sufticient exibility to be formed into large diameter rolls without cracking.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate a leak detection structure which is advantageously incorporated into my improved liner.
- a grid of wires 30 and 32 is laid out beneath the impervious seal coat 24.
- the first set of parallel wires 30 could be buried a few inches under the ground and covered with dry dirt and then the second set of parallel wires 32 laid on the surface of the earth and beneath the pad.
- the second set (32) intersects the wires 30 of the first set.
- FIG. 4 illustrates the preferred embodiment.
- the first set of wires 3@ is laid upon the soil and the second set of wires 32 is run within the cushiony pad. As shown in FIG. 4, the wires of the second set are run between the two layers 20 and 22 of the corrugated cardboard 16.
- the resistance is readily measured by suspending electrode 38 into the pit and connecting the electrode through means for measuring the electrical resistance to the Urid.
- the means for measuring electrical resistance includes battery 34 and an indicator light 40.
- the indicator light is a rather crude form of resistance determination, it is sucient in this application.
- a liquid-tight liner for a pit dug in soil comprising:
- (j) means for measuring the electrical resistance between the wires.
- a water reservoir including (a) a cavity in the soil with (b) an impervious coat on the cavity;
Description
May 21, 1968 J. R. BERRY 3,383,863
POND, TANK AND PIT LINER AND METHOD OF DETECTTNG LEAKS Filed Aug. 5, 1966 FIG. I
INVENTORI FIG. 5 JOE RBERRY.
nited Stat 3,383,863 POND, TANK AND PIT LINER AND METHUD GF DETECTHNG LEAKS .Ioe R. Berry, 1418 W. 23rd, Odessa, Tex. 79760 Filed Aug. 3, 1965, Ser. No. 57%,052 4 Claims. (Cl. 611) ABSTRACT 0F THE DISCLSURE This invention relates to preventing liquids from seeping from a reservoir into the soil. More specifically, this invention is for sealing open ponds used in the disposal of salt water in the production of petroleum, hence referred to as salt water disposai pit or brine reservoir.
In the production of petroleum, salt water is often produced with the petroleum and separated out at the surface of the earth. Care must be used in the disposal of the salt water because of its capacity for contaminating underground aquifers. The problem was recognized and discussed in Becker, Patent No. 2,348,320, May 9, 1944.
Sznnmary According to this invention, a pit or pond is formed in the earth by conventional earthworking equipment and the pit lined with a liquid-proof sealer. A pad is placed next to the earth to prevent the liquid resin of the sealer from being absorbed by the earth. Also, the pad forms a smooth surface to receive the sealant coat.
l have found that it is particularly desirable to spread a grid of electrical wires underneath the pad and sealer. By measurement of the resistance between different wires of this grid, it would be detected whether or not the liner to the pond leaks.
Also, I have found that it is desirable to apply the liquid resin to a pad at a shop and form the strips of the preformed liner into rolls where they are laid out over the electrical grid and the joints between adjacent strips sealed to form the liner for the pit.
An object of this invention is to form a liquid-proof coating or liner to a pit formed in the soil.
Another object is to detect leaks in the pit liner.
Other objects are to achieve the above with a construction that is sturdy, durable, repairable, simple, safe, and reliable, yet inexpensive and easy to manufacture, install, modify, and maintain.
Further objects are to achieve the above with a method that is rapid and inexpensive and does not require skiilcd people to install and maintain.
The specific nature of the invention, as well as other objects, uses, and advantages thereof, wiil clearly appear from the following description and from the accompanying drawing, the different views of which are not necessan'ly to the same scale, in which:
FIG. l is a sectional view showing a tank built according to this invention.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged section showing details of construction of the iining.
FIG. 3 is similar to FiG. 2 showing details of construction of an alternate embodiment.
3,383,853 Patented May 2l, 1968 FIG. 4 is similar to FIG. 2 showing details of construction of the lining of FiG. 2 modified with a leak detector.
FiG. 5 is a schematic plan representation of the elec- 'trical circuits of the leak detector.
Referring more particularly to the drawing, it may be seen that pit or cavity 10 has ben formed in the soil 12. As stated in the introduction, this cavity would be formed in the soil by conventional earthworking equipment. The liner 14 on the surface of the soil prevents any liquids within the cavity 1G from soaking into the soil. As seen, the dams around the pit 1t) have 45% sloped shoulders and are backlled with sand to accommodate expansion and contraction of the liner 14.
The liner 14 is formed by first applying a pad upon the surface of the soil 12 completely covering the pit area. The embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2 shows this pad as being corrugated cardboard 16. The embodiment of FIG. 3 shows this pad as being a mat of unwoven fibers 18. Certain foamed materials are adaptable for use as the pad. Also felt construction paper or heavy kraft paper is adaptable for use as the pad. One of the purposes of the pad is to prevent the sealing resins subsequently applied from leachingr into the soil. Therefore, many suitable pad materials are available.
The corrugated board 16 has only a smooth sheet 2t) on one side and the corrugations 22 are exposed to the soil 12 or the underside. Such corrugated board is sometimes known as Coreflex- The insulating fibers 18 are of cellulose derivation and the pad is approximately 1/4 inch thick. Such pads are commonly available on the market for use in the building trades. It is characteristic of the pad in either iilustrated embodiment that the pad is somewhat cushiony.
Impervious reinforced resin coat 24 is applied to the surface of the pad completely covering the pad. Reinforced resin coatings are well known and will not be described in detail except to note that a layer of glass fibers may be applied above the pad and resin sprayed upon the glass. The glass may be either woven or roving. As used herein, the term roving refers to a sheet of material with the fibers therein arranged in a random pattern.
As another alternative, the reinforced coat 24 may be formed by dispensing chopped glass fibers with the resin in a single spraying operation as is known in the art.
Also, it will be understood that any of several synthetic resins are adaptable for this purpose, such as those which fall in the general categories of epoXies, polyurethanes, or polyesters. Preferably, the liquid resin is applied by spraying. A heavy coat is sprayed first to wet the glass fibers. Thereafter, a light coat for making it liquid-tight is applied. 'i` he reinforced resin coating has necessary strength and flexibility to support a man walking on the liner.
As implied above, the liner 14 may be applied in situ. Also, the liner may be partially formed by applying the coating to the pad at a factory and the strip of material thus formed is made into rolls. At the site of the pit, it is then only necessary to lay the strips adjacent one another and seal the joints. The reinforced coat 24 will have sufticient exibility to be formed into large diameter rolls without cracking.
FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate a leak detection structure which is advantageously incorporated into my improved liner. As may be seen in FIG. 5, a grid of wires 30 and 32 is laid out beneath the impervious seal coat 24. Under one embodiment, the first set of parallel wires 30 could be buried a few inches under the ground and covered with dry dirt and then the second set of parallel wires 32 laid on the surface of the earth and beneath the pad. The second set (32) intersects the wires 30 of the first set.
FIG. 4 illustrates the preferred embodiment. In this embodiment, the first set of wires 3@ is laid upon the soil and the second set of wires 32 is run within the cushiony pad. As shown in FIG. 4, the wires of the second set are run between the two layers 20 and 22 of the corrugated cardboard 16.
In either situation the Wires are separated by a Water pervious insulating material. Therefore, if the liquid from within the cavity 10 seeps through the impervious coat 24 through a leak, it will dampen the pervious insulating rnaterial (eg, corrugation 22), thus altering the electrical resistance between the wires. This change of electrical resistance is readily detected by an ohmmeter which comprises battery 34 and ammeter 36. Thus, it may be seen that I have provided means for detecting leaks in the pit. As seen in FIG. 5, if the electrical resistance is measured between one wire of set 30 and one wire of set 32, the electrical resistance at the area where the wires cross will be measured and therefore the location of the leak determined.
Also, it will be possible to detect leaks by measuring the electrical resistance between the water in the pit and the grid of Wires. As seen in FIG. 4, the resistance is readily measured by suspending electrode 38 into the pit and connecting the electrode through means for measuring the electrical resistance to the Urid. In this instance7 the means for measuring electrical resistance includes battery 34 and an indicator light 40. Although the indicator light is a rather crude form of resistance determination, it is sucient in this application.
It will be apparent that the embodiments shown are only exemplary and that various modifications can be made in operation, construction, materials, and arrangement within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
I claim as my invention:
1. The method of sealing an earthen pit and detecting possible leaks comprising:
(a) smoothing the surface of the pit by (b) applying against the soil a pad 'which is impervious to liquid resin,
(c) applying an impervious reinforced resin coat to the pad for structural strength and liquid seal,
(d) before applying the pad, setting out a rst set of parallel wires on the soil,
(e) thereafter setting out a Second set of parallel wires,
(f) arranging the second set of wires so that they cross the first set,
(g) insulating the wires at the area where they cross,
(h) providing an electrical path between the wires of the different sets which has high electrical resistance when dry and low electrical resistance when damp, and,
(j) after the pit is completely built and the pit filled with liquid, measuring the electrical resistance between wires to determine if the electrical path between the wires is dry or damp.
2. The method of detecting leaks from a sealed earthen pit containing an electrical conducting liquid, comprising:
(a) spreading a set of parallel wires on the surface of the earth in the pit,
(b) spreading a second set of parallel wires in the pit,
(c) the Wires of the second set crossing the wires of the first set,
(d) insulating the wires of the second set from the wires of the first set,
(e) thereafter sealing the pit over the wires, and
(f) measuring the electrical resistance of a wire of the rst set to a wire of the second set, thus (g) measuring the resistance of material proximate the wires, thus determining if any conducting liquid has leaked from the pit onto the material.
3. A liquid-tight liner for a pit dug in soil comprising:
(a) a smooth pad contacting the soil,
(b) said pad being impervious to liquid resin and (c) completely covering the pit,
(d) an impervious resin coat reinforced by glass fibers,
(e) completely covering the pad and adhered thereto,
(f) said coat having suicient strength and flexibility to support a man walking on the liner,
(g) a grid of wires beneath the impervious coat,
(h) insulation between the wires where the wires are crossed, and
(j) means for measuring the electrical resistance between the wires.
4. In a water reservoir including (a) a cavity in the soil with (b) an impervious coat on the cavity;
(c) the improvement comprising in combination with the above:
(d) a grid of wires beneath the impervious coat,
(e) a cushiony pad between the impervious coat and the soil,
(f) a portion of said cushiony pad forming insulation between the wires at areas where the wires cross,
g) means for measuring the electrical resistance of the pad proximate the wires, said grid of wires including:
(h) a first set of parallel wires, and
(j) a second set of parallel wires which (k) cross the wires of the first set;
(m) said insulation being between the first and second set so that (n) the location of a leak may be determined as well as detected.
4G References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS FOREIGN PATENTS 3/ 1953 Austria.
4/ 1958 Austria.
7/ 1962 Great Britain.
OTHER REFERENCES Popular Mechanics; July 1956; page 164. GO Glass Industry; October 1961; pages 581-584.
Linings for Irrigation Canals, U.S. Dept. of Interior; Bur. Reclamation: Office of Chief Engineer, Denver, Colo., July 1952; pages 60 and 81.
65 EARL J. WITMER, Primary Examiner.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US570052A US3383863A (en) | 1966-08-03 | 1966-08-03 | Pond, tank and pit liner and method of detecting leaks |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US570052A US3383863A (en) | 1966-08-03 | 1966-08-03 | Pond, tank and pit liner and method of detecting leaks |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| US3383863A true US3383863A (en) | 1968-05-21 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| US570052A Expired - Lifetime US3383863A (en) | 1966-08-03 | 1966-08-03 | Pond, tank and pit liner and method of detecting leaks |
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| US (1) | US3383863A (en) |
Cited By (79)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3592009A (en) * | 1968-05-16 | 1971-07-13 | Shell Oil Co | Liquid storage pit with floating cover |
| US3789297A (en) * | 1969-11-26 | 1974-01-29 | M Frolich | Leak detector |
| US3800217A (en) * | 1971-09-23 | 1974-03-26 | Lowrance Electronics Mfg | Pipeline including means of indicating the existence of and location of a leak |
| US3824460A (en) * | 1973-04-02 | 1974-07-16 | R Gustafson | Leakage sensor |
| US3854292A (en) * | 1971-09-30 | 1974-12-17 | H Nienstadt | Irrigation ditch liner and method for making same |
| US3855531A (en) * | 1971-07-01 | 1974-12-17 | Lever Brothers Ltd | Method of testing the seals of food containers and containers suitable therefor |
| US3882382A (en) * | 1972-09-07 | 1975-05-06 | Transco Inc | Insulated conduit cover and leak detector |
| US3938339A (en) * | 1973-08-03 | 1976-02-17 | Rhone-Poulenc-Textile | Means for showing and/or detouring water currents and the preparation thereof |
| US3939662A (en) * | 1973-12-12 | 1976-02-24 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Liquid impervious surface structures |
| US3940940A (en) * | 1972-08-12 | 1976-03-02 | The British Petroleum Company Limited | Protection method |
| US3971223A (en) * | 1973-12-12 | 1976-07-27 | The British Petroleum Company Limited | Protection method |
| US4065924A (en) * | 1974-06-20 | 1978-01-03 | Daniel Arthur Young | Method of lining a waterway or reservoir |
| US4110739A (en) * | 1976-08-02 | 1978-08-29 | Kidd John A | Means for detecting leakage in the inner lining of tanks and piping |
| US4110945A (en) * | 1976-09-07 | 1978-09-05 | The Dow Chemical Company | Roof installation for locating water leakage points |
| EP0001046A1 (en) * | 1977-09-03 | 1979-03-21 | Ruhrkohle Aktiengesellschaft | Device for sealing joints between construction elements, primarily between reinforced-concrete tubbings |
| US4207017A (en) * | 1977-06-20 | 1980-06-10 | Jarrell Hal K | Earthen tank and liner |
| US4270049A (en) * | 1978-06-12 | 1981-05-26 | Ishikawajima-Harima Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid leakage detection system |
| DE3040036A1 (en) * | 1980-10-23 | 1982-05-13 | Heribert Dipl.-Ing. 8000 München Hergenröder | Leakage detection system for hydraulic installation - uses electrode pairs to measure soil resistance and hence moisture content below barrier layer |
| US4352601A (en) * | 1980-08-18 | 1982-10-05 | Stabatrol Corporation | Permanent bin for temporary storage of hazardous materials |
| US4404516A (en) * | 1980-10-29 | 1983-09-13 | Johnson Jr Victor R | System for detecting leaks from liquid-containing reservoirs and conduits |
| US4439062A (en) * | 1981-12-21 | 1984-03-27 | American Colloid Co. | Sealing system and method for sealing earthen containers |
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| US4543525A (en) * | 1983-05-09 | 1985-09-24 | Foote Mineral Company | Method for determining a leak in a pond liner of electrically insulating sheet material |
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| DE3435983A1 (en) * | 1984-10-01 | 1986-04-17 | Ed. Züblin AG, 7000 Stuttgart | Arrangement for the base seal of storage basins and landfill sites |
| US4598273A (en) * | 1984-08-16 | 1986-07-01 | Bryan Jr Bynum O | Leak detection system for roofs |
| DE3502981A1 (en) * | 1984-10-01 | 1986-07-31 | Ed. Züblin AG, 7000 Stuttgart | Arrangement for covering the base of storage reservoirs and landfill sites |
| EP0190410A1 (en) * | 1985-02-07 | 1986-08-13 | Niederberg-Chemie GmbH | Impermeable sheet |
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| US4985682A (en) * | 1986-11-20 | 1991-01-15 | Leak Sensors, Inc. | Leak monitor for secondary containment of liquid stored in underground storage tanks |
| US5015958A (en) * | 1983-06-30 | 1991-05-14 | Raychem Corporation | Elongate sensors comprising conductive polymers, and methods and apparatus using such sensors |
| US5030034A (en) * | 1989-01-19 | 1991-07-09 | Bodine Albert G | Soil pollution monitoring system and apparatus |
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| US5081422A (en) * | 1990-09-07 | 1992-01-14 | Ishiang Shih | Methods for roof, wall or floor leak detection |
| US5187366A (en) * | 1991-06-25 | 1993-02-16 | Joram Hopenfeld | Sensors for detecting leaks |
| US5191785A (en) * | 1991-04-16 | 1993-03-09 | Cpf Chemical Equipment Ltd. | Method and apparatus for identifying and locating a leak in the inner liner of a vessel having a laminated wall structure |
| US5200615A (en) * | 1991-06-25 | 1993-04-06 | Joram Hopenfeld | Method and apparatus for detecting the presence of fluids |
| US5210499A (en) * | 1990-11-16 | 1993-05-11 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | In-situ sensor method and device |
| US5235286A (en) * | 1985-06-12 | 1993-08-10 | Raychem Corporation | Method for detecting and obtaining information about changers in variables |
| US5357202A (en) * | 1991-12-19 | 1994-10-18 | Henderson Michael E | Plural electrode method for measuring subsurface changes in conductivity as an indication of fluid migration |
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| US5460032A (en) * | 1992-09-23 | 1995-10-24 | Burt Troyce Hampton | Impoundment leak detection, location, and containment system |
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| US5528155A (en) * | 1994-04-29 | 1996-06-18 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Sensor for measuring material properties |
| US5530369A (en) * | 1994-09-29 | 1996-06-25 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Method for monitoring the flow and cure rate of a resin material using time encoded pulses |
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| US5661406A (en) * | 1995-09-27 | 1997-08-26 | Leak Location Services, Inc. | Methods for detecting and locating leaks in containment facilities using electrical potential data and electrical resistance tomographic imaging techniques |
| US5663490A (en) * | 1995-04-14 | 1997-09-02 | Daito Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Breakage detection system for water-barrier sheet in waste disposal facility |
| US5680055A (en) * | 1995-07-19 | 1997-10-21 | Marquette University | Method and apparatus to sense changes in the state of a resin bed |
| US5810513A (en) * | 1996-09-17 | 1998-09-22 | Hoosier Group Llc | Method and apparatus for preventing trench overflows behind trench liners |
| US5900270A (en) * | 1997-09-22 | 1999-05-04 | Cobe Laboratories, Inc. | Technique for testing and coating a microporous membrane |
| US5980155A (en) * | 1994-02-10 | 1999-11-09 | University Of Newcastle Upon Tyne | Composite geosynthetics and methods for their use |
| US6102617A (en) * | 1998-01-13 | 2000-08-15 | Vivian A. Hampton | Impoundment leak detection, location, and containment system and method with mobile sensor |
| US6692186B1 (en) * | 2002-12-11 | 2004-02-17 | Fast Ditch, Inc. | Apparatus and method for transporting water |
| US20050163953A1 (en) * | 2002-04-10 | 2005-07-28 | Johnstone Peter J. | Laminated sheet for liner applications |
| US20050200493A1 (en) * | 2004-02-10 | 2005-09-15 | Marishak Frank T.Jr. | Device for monitoring the integrity of spacecraft thermal protection tiles |
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| US4404516A (en) * | 1980-10-29 | 1983-09-13 | Johnson Jr Victor R | System for detecting leaks from liquid-containing reservoirs and conduits |
| US4439062A (en) * | 1981-12-21 | 1984-03-27 | American Colloid Co. | Sealing system and method for sealing earthen containers |
| US4543525A (en) * | 1983-05-09 | 1985-09-24 | Foote Mineral Company | Method for determining a leak in a pond liner of electrically insulating sheet material |
| US4503710A (en) * | 1983-06-08 | 1985-03-12 | Conoco Inc. | Crack detection by electrical resistance |
| FR2549017A1 (en) * | 1983-06-24 | 1985-01-18 | Didier Werke Ag | COMPOSITE SHEET FOR COATING LIQUID RESERVOIRS, WITH MEANS FOR DETECTING LEAKS |
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| US5015958A (en) * | 1983-06-30 | 1991-05-14 | Raychem Corporation | Elongate sensors comprising conductive polymers, and methods and apparatus using such sensors |
| US4598273A (en) * | 1984-08-16 | 1986-07-01 | Bryan Jr Bynum O | Leak detection system for roofs |
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| DE3435983A1 (en) * | 1984-10-01 | 1986-04-17 | Ed. Züblin AG, 7000 Stuttgart | Arrangement for the base seal of storage basins and landfill sites |
| US4839601A (en) * | 1984-10-24 | 1989-06-13 | Cotterell Daniel E C | Directional current finder |
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| US4725785A (en) * | 1985-12-17 | 1988-02-16 | Southwest Research Institute | Directional potential analyzer method and apparatus for detecting and locating leaks in geomembrane liners |
| US4720669A (en) * | 1986-04-07 | 1988-01-19 | Southwest Research Institute | Geomembrane leak assessment shell shaped probe |
| US4697456A (en) * | 1986-10-02 | 1987-10-06 | Maser Kenneth R | Leakage test for liquid containment |
| US4985682A (en) * | 1986-11-20 | 1991-01-15 | Leak Sensors, Inc. | Leak monitor for secondary containment of liquid stored in underground storage tanks |
| US4895085A (en) * | 1988-01-11 | 1990-01-23 | Chips Mark D | Method and structure for in-situ removal of contamination from soils and water |
| US4942364A (en) * | 1988-02-19 | 1990-07-17 | Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Moisture and dew-detection sensor |
| US5030034A (en) * | 1989-01-19 | 1991-07-09 | Bodine Albert G | Soil pollution monitoring system and apparatus |
| US4947470A (en) * | 1989-02-14 | 1990-08-07 | Southwest Research Institute | System for locating leaks in a geomembrane-lined impoundment or landfill filled with material |
| DE4015190A1 (en) * | 1990-05-11 | 1991-11-21 | Gore W L & Ass Gmbh | FLAT FLOOR TANK AND METHOD FOR LEAK MONITORING OF FLAT FLOOR TANKS |
| US5269173A (en) * | 1990-05-11 | 1993-12-14 | Klaus Henneck | Flat bottomed tanks and process to detect leakages |
| US5081422A (en) * | 1990-09-07 | 1992-01-14 | Ishiang Shih | Methods for roof, wall or floor leak detection |
| US5210499A (en) * | 1990-11-16 | 1993-05-11 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | In-situ sensor method and device |
| US5191785A (en) * | 1991-04-16 | 1993-03-09 | Cpf Chemical Equipment Ltd. | Method and apparatus for identifying and locating a leak in the inner liner of a vessel having a laminated wall structure |
| US5187366A (en) * | 1991-06-25 | 1993-02-16 | Joram Hopenfeld | Sensors for detecting leaks |
| US5200615A (en) * | 1991-06-25 | 1993-04-06 | Joram Hopenfeld | Method and apparatus for detecting the presence of fluids |
| US5357202A (en) * | 1991-12-19 | 1994-10-18 | Henderson Michael E | Plural electrode method for measuring subsurface changes in conductivity as an indication of fluid migration |
| US5460032A (en) * | 1992-09-23 | 1995-10-24 | Burt Troyce Hampton | Impoundment leak detection, location, and containment system |
| US5583283A (en) * | 1992-09-23 | 1996-12-10 | Burt Troyce Hampton | Impoundment leak detection, location, and containment system |
| US5540085A (en) * | 1993-11-30 | 1996-07-30 | Sakata Denki Co., Ltd | Method of measuring leakage position in impervious bottom sheet using electrodes mounted on both surfaces of the sheet and apparatus therefor |
| US5980155A (en) * | 1994-02-10 | 1999-11-09 | University Of Newcastle Upon Tyne | Composite geosynthetics and methods for their use |
| US5528155A (en) * | 1994-04-29 | 1996-06-18 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Sensor for measuring material properties |
| US5615978A (en) * | 1994-05-19 | 1997-04-01 | Obayashi Corporation | Management system for water-barrier sheet |
| US5530369A (en) * | 1994-09-29 | 1996-06-25 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Method for monitoring the flow and cure rate of a resin material using time encoded pulses |
| US5537045A (en) * | 1994-10-17 | 1996-07-16 | Henderson; Michael E. | Detection and location system for monitoring changes in resistivity in three dimensions |
| WO1996012177A1 (en) * | 1994-10-17 | 1996-04-25 | Henderson Michael E | Detection and location system for monitoring changes in resistivity in three dimensions |
| US5663490A (en) * | 1995-04-14 | 1997-09-02 | Daito Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Breakage detection system for water-barrier sheet in waste disposal facility |
| US5680055A (en) * | 1995-07-19 | 1997-10-21 | Marquette University | Method and apparatus to sense changes in the state of a resin bed |
| US5661406A (en) * | 1995-09-27 | 1997-08-26 | Leak Location Services, Inc. | Methods for detecting and locating leaks in containment facilities using electrical potential data and electrical resistance tomographic imaging techniques |
| DE19600655A1 (en) * | 1996-01-10 | 1997-07-24 | Geoteam Ges Fuer Hydrogeologie | Determining leaks in sloping and intermediate layer ponds or water works lagoons |
| DE19600655C2 (en) * | 1996-01-10 | 2000-03-02 | Geoteam Ges Fuer Hydrogeologie | Device and method for the detection of leaks in waste disposal and interim storage facilities |
| US5810513A (en) * | 1996-09-17 | 1998-09-22 | Hoosier Group Llc | Method and apparatus for preventing trench overflows behind trench liners |
| US5900270A (en) * | 1997-09-22 | 1999-05-04 | Cobe Laboratories, Inc. | Technique for testing and coating a microporous membrane |
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| US20050163953A1 (en) * | 2002-04-10 | 2005-07-28 | Johnstone Peter J. | Laminated sheet for liner applications |
| US6692186B1 (en) * | 2002-12-11 | 2004-02-17 | Fast Ditch, Inc. | Apparatus and method for transporting water |
| US20050200493A1 (en) * | 2004-02-10 | 2005-09-15 | Marishak Frank T.Jr. | Device for monitoring the integrity of spacecraft thermal protection tiles |
| US7106215B2 (en) | 2004-02-10 | 2006-09-12 | Marishak Jr Frank Ted | Device for monitoring the integrity of spacecraft thermal protection tiles |
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