US3343025A - Electron multiplier array for image intensifier tubes - Google Patents

Electron multiplier array for image intensifier tubes Download PDF

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Publication number
US3343025A
US3343025A US116189A US11618961A US3343025A US 3343025 A US3343025 A US 3343025A US 116189 A US116189 A US 116189A US 11618961 A US11618961 A US 11618961A US 3343025 A US3343025 A US 3343025A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
array
corrugated
channels
electron multiplier
sheets
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US116189A
Inventor
James R Ignatowski
Robert R Thompson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bendix Corp
Original Assignee
Bendix Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL279756D priority Critical patent/NL279756A/xx
Priority to NL265918D priority patent/NL265918A/xx
Priority to NL138489D priority patent/NL138489C/xx
Priority to NL279477D priority patent/NL279477A/xx
Priority to NL282151D priority patent/NL282151A/xx
Priority to NL279474D priority patent/NL279474A/xx
Priority to GB1458461A priority patent/GB950640A/en
Priority to DEB62285A priority patent/DE1197179B/en
Priority to FR863729A priority patent/FR1295026A/en
Application filed by Bendix Corp filed Critical Bendix Corp
Priority to US116189A priority patent/US3343025A/en
Priority to GB2047262A priority patent/GB965044A/en
Priority to GB2107762A priority patent/GB971733A/en
Priority to GB2107862A priority patent/GB954248A/en
Priority to FR899730A priority patent/FR82267E/en
Priority to FR899731A priority patent/FR82268E/en
Priority to FR899720A priority patent/FR81761E/en
Priority to DE1962B0067582 priority patent/DE1219130B/en
Priority to DE1962B0067607 priority patent/DE1209215B/en
Priority to NL279756A priority patent/NL139627B/en
Priority to DEB67688A priority patent/DE1218072B/en
Priority to FR903901A priority patent/FR82281E/en
Priority to GB2747662A priority patent/GB952148A/en
Priority to DEB68144A priority patent/DE1209217B/en
Priority to US537575A priority patent/US3341730A/en
Priority to US660142A priority patent/US3492523A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3343025A publication Critical patent/US3343025A/en
Priority to NL7015540A priority patent/NL7015540A/xx
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/02—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor
    • C03B37/025—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor from reheated softened tubes, rods, fibres or filaments, e.g. drawing fibres from preforms
    • C03B37/027—Fibres composed of different sorts of glass, e.g. glass optical fibres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B23/00—Re-forming shaped glass
    • C03B23/20—Uniting glass pieces by fusing without substantial reshaping
    • C03B23/203—Uniting glass sheets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/02—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor
    • C03B37/025—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor from reheated softened tubes, rods, fibres or filaments, e.g. drawing fibres from preforms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/10—Non-chemical treatment
    • C03B37/14—Re-forming fibres or filaments, i.e. changing their shape
    • C03B37/15—Re-forming fibres or filaments, i.e. changing their shape with heat application, e.g. for making optical fibres
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
    • H01J29/02—Electrodes; Screens; Mounting, supporting, spacing or insulating thereof
    • H01J29/023—Electrodes; Screens; Mounting, supporting, spacing or insulating thereof secondary-electron emitting electrode arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J31/00—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes
    • H01J31/08—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes having a screen on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted, or stored
    • H01J31/50—Image-conversion or image-amplification tubes, i.e. having optical, X-ray, or analogous input, and optical output
    • H01J31/506—Image-conversion or image-amplification tubes, i.e. having optical, X-ray, or analogous input, and optical output tubes using secondary emission effect
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J43/00—Secondary-emission tubes; Electron-multiplier tubes
    • H01J43/04—Electron multipliers
    • H01J43/06—Electrode arrangements
    • H01J43/18—Electrode arrangements using essentially more than one dynode
    • H01J43/24—Dynodes having potential gradient along their surfaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J43/00—Secondary-emission tubes; Electron-multiplier tubes
    • H01J43/04—Electron multipliers
    • H01J43/06—Electrode arrangements
    • H01J43/18—Electrode arrangements using essentially more than one dynode
    • H01J43/24—Dynodes having potential gradient along their surfaces
    • H01J43/243—Dynodes consisting of a piling-up of channel-type dynode plates

Definitions

  • a conductive material such as a metallic paint
  • FIGURE 1 is a view of a preferred embodiment of this invention showing some corrugated sheets and flat sheets assembled and some in the process of assembly;
  • FIGURE 2 is an enlarged end of a corrugated sheet t illustrate the conductive layer on the end thereof
  • FIGURE 3 is an embodiment using only corrugated plates.
  • FIGURE 1 an array 20 having a flat sheet 22 as the bottom member thereof, a corrugated sheet 24 placed on top of flat sheet 22, a second flat sheet 26 placed on top of corrugated sheet 24, and so forth to form a stack of flat and corrugated sheets alternately placed one on the other.
  • the flat sheets are tangent to the ridges of the corrugations to form individual channels between the lines of tangency.
  • the two flat sheets on each side of a corrugated sheet thus constitute confining means for each of the corrugated sheets.
  • Both the fiat and corrugated sheets in the preferred embodiment have a glass body with a secondary emissive resistive coating on either side thereof such as tin oxide or antimony oxide.
  • the glass in this ernbodiment is 001 inch thick and is heated uniformly and then sprayed with a mixture of .35 molar of S Cl 5H and 3.0 molar of SbCl to form a uniform resstive coating thereon.
  • the resistance of the coating in this embodirnent is 1,000 megohms per square.
  • the resstive coating on the corrugated flat sheet may be formed thereon as the sheets are leaving the rolling mills.
  • the front end 28 of array 20 and the rear end 30 of the array 20 are coated with a conductive coating 31 (FIGURE 2) such as by painting with a conductive paint from a group of conductive paints which are commercially available. These paints would include gold, silver and platinum paints.
  • a conductive coating 31 such as by painting with a conductive paint from a group of conductive paints which are commercially available. These paints would include gold, silver and platinum paints.
  • Other methods of forming a conductive layer on the front and rear ends of the array include the vapor deposition of conductive metals with the vapor deposition occurring at a steep angle so that a minimum of the channel interiors would be coated with the deposited metal.
  • the sides of the corrugated and flat sheets are bonded at one side 32 and are bonded together at the opposite side 34 with an epoxy binding or may be fused together by heating locally to the melting point of the glass, or otherwise bound together.
  • a lead 36 is attached to the front portion 28 of the array and a lead 38 is attached to a rear portion of the array with a voltage source 40 being placed between leads 36 and 38. Since the front end 28 of the array is coated with a highly conductive material, the voltage of lead 36 will be applied to the front end of each channel and since the rear end 30 of the array is also coated with a highly conductive material, each channel end at the rear will be at the potential of lead 38. Ths forms a continuous potential gradient along each of the tubes or channels and sublies current to the surface of the channels for secondary emisson in accordance with the aforernentioned Goodrich and Wiley patent.
  • the ratio of the open te occluded area is about 7.3 to 1. This means that electrons or particles directed toward the array have a better chance of entering one of the tubes or channels rather than being absorbed by the conductive coating on the end of the array.
  • FIGURE 3 shows a second array having a plurality of corrugated plates 42 which are coated in the manner of plates 24 in the embodiment of FIGURE 1 to provide secondary emissive resstive surfaces, but whch array does not have the fiat sheets between corrugated sheets.
  • Ths embodiment requires the alignment of the corrugated sheets so that ridges of one sheet supports the bottom of the grooves of the sheet placed on top of it.
  • the size or diameter of the channels is twice as large as it is in the embodiment of FIGURE 1.
  • compounds can be added to glass during its manufacture which will provide it with a secondary emissive surface after hydrogen reductou.
  • the electrical conductivity of the glass surface will be increased to a predetermined desired point by reduction of the glass surface.
  • One method of reducing the glass surface is to heat it to 325 degrees centigrade to 500 degrees centigrade for 8 to 16 hours and cause a flow rate of the hydrogen of about one liter per minute past the surface.
  • a particular compound which has been shown to be effete for such use is 32% lead oxide, 61.3% silicon dioxide, 6.2 of barium carbonate and .5% of bismuth trioxde.
  • An electrn multiplier array comprsing a plurality of insulative corrugated members and insulative confining means stacked one on the other to form a multdimerrsiorral array of open end covered channels, the nsulative material defining said open ends of said channels havng a highly conductive surface so that a single potential lead electrically connected with any one of said open channel ends will place all of the channel ends at a gven end of said array at the potential of said single potental lead, said corrugated members having a plurality of.

Description

P 1967 J. R. IGNATOWSKI ETAL 3,343,()25
Patented Sept. 19, 1967 ELECTRON MULTIPLIER ARRAY FOR IMAGE INTENSIFIER TUBES James R. Ignatowski, Warren, and Robert R. Thornpson, Livonia, Mich. assgnors to The Bendix Corporation, Southfield, Mich., a corporation of Delaware Filed June 9, 1961, Ser. No. 116,189 3 Claims. (Cl. 313105) This invention is directed to electron rnultiplier arrays particularly for use in image intensifiers of the kind disclosed in United States Patent 3,128,408 entitled Electron Multiplier ssued to Goodrich and Wiley on April 7, 1964.
In that patent was disclosed an array of individual channel multpliers, each of which comprse a long tube or channel or relativcly small diameter, in the order of 001 inch, having a secondary emissive resstive coating on the interior surface thereof. Such an array might easily include 1,000 or more individual tubes. Ths invention provides a construction of such an array that is economical and eflcient.
It is therefore an object of this invention to provide an array of very small tubes or channels having an interior secondary emissive resstive surface that may be easily and inexpensively fabricated.
It is the object of this invention to form such an array utilizing corrugated sheets each having alternate ridges and grooves, with the surfaces of said sheets being secondary emissive and resstive; the corrugated sheets being alternated with flat sheets having secondary emissive resistive surfaces forming a plurality of channels between the corrugatons and the flat sheets.
It is a further object of this invention to coat the ends of these ridges and grooves with a conductive material such as a metallic paint so that a single voltage lead to an end of the array will place the corresponding ends of all the channels at the voltage value of the lead.
It is a further object of this invention to incorporate in the glass used for the corrugated and flat sheets cornpounds of materials, such as lead and bismuth, whch glass after reduction, as with hydrogen gas, provides a secondary emissive, resstive surface.
These and other objects will become more apparent when preferred embodiments of this invention are considered in connection with the drawings in which:
FIGURE 1 is a view of a preferred embodiment of this invention showing some corrugated sheets and flat sheets assembled and some in the process of assembly;
FIGURE 2 is an enlarged end of a corrugated sheet t illustrate the conductive layer on the end thereof, and
FIGURE 3 is an embodiment using only corrugated plates.
In FIGURE 1 is shown an array 20 having a flat sheet 22 as the bottom member thereof, a corrugated sheet 24 placed on top of flat sheet 22, a second flat sheet 26 placed on top of corrugated sheet 24, and so forth to form a stack of flat and corrugated sheets alternately placed one on the other. The flat sheets are tangent to the ridges of the corrugations to form individual channels between the lines of tangency. The two flat sheets on each side of a corrugated sheet thus constitute confining means for each of the corrugated sheets.
Both the fiat and corrugated sheets in the preferred embodiment have a glass body with a secondary emissive resistive coating on either side thereof such as tin oxide or antimony oxide. The glass in this ernbodiment is 001 inch thick and is heated uniformly and then sprayed with a mixture of .35 molar of S Cl 5H and 3.0 molar of SbCl to form a uniform resstive coating thereon. The resistance of the coating in this embodirnent is 1,000 megohms per square. Also, the resstive coating on the corrugated flat sheet may be formed thereon as the sheets are leaving the rolling mills.
After the array is completely assembled as by placing a sufficient number of alternate flat and corrugated sheets in a stack, the front end 28 of array 20 and the rear end 30 of the array 20 are coated with a conductive coating 31 (FIGURE 2) such as by painting with a conductive paint from a group of conductive paints which are commercially available. These paints would include gold, silver and platinum paints. Other methods of forming a conductive layer on the front and rear ends of the array include the vapor deposition of conductive metals with the vapor deposition occurring at a steep angle so that a minimum of the channel interiors would be coated with the deposited metal.
After the array is assembled, the sides of the corrugated and flat sheets are bonded at one side 32 and are bonded together at the opposite side 34 with an epoxy binding or may be fused together by heating locally to the melting point of the glass, or otherwise bound together.
A lead 36 is attached to the front portion 28 of the array and a lead 38 is attached to a rear portion of the array with a voltage source 40 being placed between leads 36 and 38. Since the front end 28 of the array is coated with a highly conductive material, the voltage of lead 36 will be applied to the front end of each channel and since the rear end 30 of the array is also coated with a highly conductive material, each channel end at the rear will be at the potential of lead 38. Ths forms a continuous potential gradient along each of the tubes or channels and sublies current to the surface of the channels for secondary emisson in accordance with the aforernentioned Goodrich and Wiley patent.
With a construction such as that shown in FIGURE 1, and with the glass thickness being about 001 inch and the height of the corrugations or ridges in a corrugated plate being about 008 inch, the ratio of the open te occluded area is about 7.3 to 1. This means that electrons or particles directed toward the array have a better chance of entering one of the tubes or channels rather than being absorbed by the conductive coating on the end of the array.
FIGURE 3 shows a second array having a plurality of corrugated plates 42 which are coated in the manner of plates 24 in the embodiment of FIGURE 1 to provide secondary emissive resstive surfaces, but whch array does not have the fiat sheets between corrugated sheets. Ths embodiment requires the alignment of the corrugated sheets so that ridges of one sheet supports the bottom of the grooves of the sheet placed on top of it. The size or diameter of the channels is twice as large as it is in the embodiment of FIGURE 1.
Instead of coating a glass with a secondary resstive coating as described, compounds can be added to glass during its manufacture which will provide it with a secondary emissive surface after hydrogen reductou. For example, if lead oxide and bismuth trioxide are added to the glass during its manufacture, the electrical conductivity of the glass surface will be increased to a predetermined desired point by reduction of the glass surface. One method of reducing the glass surface is to heat it to 325 degrees centigrade to 500 degrees centigrade for 8 to 16 hours and cause a flow rate of the hydrogen of about one liter per minute past the surface. A particular compound which has been shown to be efective for such use is 32% lead oxide, 61.3% silicon dioxide, 6.2 of barium carbonate and .5% of bismuth trioxde.
Although this invention has been disclosed and illustrated with reference to particular applications, the principles involved are susceptible of numerous other applications which will be apparent to persons skilled in the art. The nvention is, therefore, to be lmited only as indicated by the scope of the appended claims.
Having tl1us descrbed rny invention we claim: 1. An electrn multiplier array comprsing a plurality of insulative corrugated members and insulative confining means stacked one on the other to form a multdimerrsiorral array of open end covered channels, the nsulative material defining said open ends of said channels havng a highly conductive surface so that a single potential lead electrically connected with any one of said open channel ends will place all of the channel ends at a gven end of said array at the potential of said single potental lead, said corrugated members having a plurality of. grooves and ridges, said grooves having a secondary emissive resistive surface that is continuous from one groove end to the opposite groeve end, and said confinng means being placed adjacent said grooves and being fixecl t0 said grooves to form a covered channel open only at the ends thereof. 2. The electron multplier array of claim 1 wherein the corrugated members and confining means are fixed to each other by a borrdng of the side edges of said corrugated members to the side edges of the confining means whch extend longitudnally between opposte ends ofsaid array.
3. The electron multipler array of claim 1 wherein the insulatve eorrugated members comprise compounds of at least one of the elements of lead and bisrnuth, and said secondary emissive resistive surface comprising at least one of the elements of lead and bisrnuth.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS JAMES W. LAWRENCE, Primary Examiner. J. W. HUCKERT, GEORGE N, WESTBY, Examiners.
V. LAFRANCHI, Assstant Examiner.

Claims (1)

1. AN ELECTRON MULTIPLIER ARRAY COMPRISING A PLURALITY OF INSULATIVE CORRUGATED MEMBERS AND INSULATIVE CONFINING MEANS STACKED ONE ON THE OTHER TO FORM A MULTIDIMENSIONAL ARRAY OF OPEN END COVERED CHANNELS, THE INSULATIVE MATERIAL DEFINING SAID OPEN ENDS OF SAID CHANNELS HAVING A HIGHLY CONDUCTIVE SURFACE SO THAT A SINGLE POTENTIAL LEAD ELECTRICALLY CONNECTED WITH ANY ONE OF SAID OPEN CHANNEL ENDS WILL PLACE ALL OF THE CHANNEL ENDS AT A GIVEN END OF SAID ARRAY AT THE POTENTIAL OF SAID SINGLE POTENTIAL LEAD,
US116189A 1960-04-07 1961-06-09 Electron multiplier array for image intensifier tubes Expired - Lifetime US3343025A (en)

Priority Applications (26)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL279756D NL279756A (en) 1960-04-20
NL265918D NL265918A (en) 1960-04-20
NL138489D NL138489C (en) 1960-04-20
NL279477D NL279477A (en) 1960-04-20
NL282151D NL282151A (en) 1960-04-20
NL279474D NL279474A (en) 1960-04-20
GB1458461A GB950640A (en) 1960-04-20 1961-04-21 Particle-multiplier
DEB62285A DE1197179B (en) 1960-04-20 1961-04-26 Secondary electron multiplier
FR863729A FR1295026A (en) 1960-04-20 1961-06-02 Method and device for particle multiplication and applications in particular to electron multipliers and light amplifiers
US116189A US3343025A (en) 1961-06-09 1961-06-09 Electron multiplier array for image intensifier tubes
GB2047262A GB965044A (en) 1960-04-20 1962-05-28 Image intensifier array
GB2107862A GB954248A (en) 1960-04-20 1962-05-31 Image intensifier array
GB2107762A GB971733A (en) 1960-04-20 1962-05-31 Image intensifier array
FR899730A FR82267E (en) 1960-04-20 1962-06-05 Method and device for particle multiplication and applications in particular to electron multipliers and light amplifiers
FR899731A FR82268E (en) 1960-04-20 1962-06-05 Method and device for particle multiplication and applications in particular to electron multipliers and light amplifiers
FR899720A FR81761E (en) 1960-04-07 1962-06-05 Method and device for particle multiplication and applications in particular to electron multipliers and light amplifiers
DE1962B0067582 DE1219130B (en) 1960-04-20 1962-06-07 Secondary electron multiplier and method of manufacturing the multiplier
DE1962B0067607 DE1209215B (en) 1960-04-20 1962-06-08 Secondary electron multiplier and method of manufacturing the multiplier
DEB67688A DE1218072B (en) 1960-04-20 1962-06-15 Secondary electron multiplier and method of manufacturing the multiplier
NL279756A NL139627B (en) 1960-04-20 1962-06-15 ELECTRON MULTIPLIERS EQUIPPED WITH A BALANCED BUNDLE OF TUBULAR ELEMENTS.
FR903901A FR82281E (en) 1960-04-20 1962-07-13 Method and device for particle multiplication and applications in particular to electron multipliers and light amplifiers
GB2747662A GB952148A (en) 1960-04-20 1962-07-17 Cathode ray tube screen intensifier
DEB68144A DE1209217B (en) 1960-04-20 1962-07-24 Secondary electron multiplier for a cathode ray tube
US537575A US3341730A (en) 1960-04-20 1965-11-10 Electron multiplier with multiplying path wall means having a reduced reducible metal compound constituent
US660142A US3492523A (en) 1960-04-20 1967-08-11 Method of making an image intensifier array and resultant article
NL7015540A NL7015540A (en) 1960-04-20 1970-10-23

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US116189A US3343025A (en) 1961-06-09 1961-06-09 Electron multiplier array for image intensifier tubes

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3449582A (en) * 1966-02-02 1969-06-10 Westinghouse Electric Corp Electron multiplier device having an electrically insulating secondary emission control surface
US3483422A (en) * 1968-07-26 1969-12-09 Northrop Corp Electron beam scanner with transverse digital control
US3487258A (en) * 1967-03-29 1969-12-30 Philips Corp Image intensifier with channel secondary emission electron multiplier having tilted channels
US3519870A (en) * 1967-05-18 1970-07-07 Xerox Corp Spiraled strip material having parallel grooves forming plurality of electron multiplier channels
US3564323A (en) * 1967-11-14 1971-02-16 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Secondary-electron multiplier having tilted elliptical pipes the ends of which are obliquely cut
US3641382A (en) * 1968-07-31 1972-02-08 Philips Corp Channel intensifier glass compositions
US3789608A (en) * 1971-10-14 1974-02-05 Communications Satellite Corp Type of colloid propulsion
US3969624A (en) * 1973-05-21 1976-07-13 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Electrostatic imaging device and process using same

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2203048A (en) * 1938-06-13 1940-06-04 Farnsworth Television & Radio Shielded anode electron multiplier
US2495697A (en) * 1946-06-08 1950-01-31 Chilowsky Constantin Method and apparatus for intensifying electronic images
GB708927A (en) * 1951-04-28 1954-05-12 Emi Ltd Improvements relating to electrodes which are capable of emitting photo-electrons orsecondary electrons
US3002124A (en) * 1956-04-09 1961-09-26 Westinghouse Electric Corp Display storage tube
US3058023A (en) * 1960-03-09 1962-10-09 Nat Company Inc Molecular beam source
US3128408A (en) * 1958-09-02 1964-04-07 Bendix Corp Electron multiplier

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2203048A (en) * 1938-06-13 1940-06-04 Farnsworth Television & Radio Shielded anode electron multiplier
US2495697A (en) * 1946-06-08 1950-01-31 Chilowsky Constantin Method and apparatus for intensifying electronic images
GB708927A (en) * 1951-04-28 1954-05-12 Emi Ltd Improvements relating to electrodes which are capable of emitting photo-electrons orsecondary electrons
US3002124A (en) * 1956-04-09 1961-09-26 Westinghouse Electric Corp Display storage tube
US3128408A (en) * 1958-09-02 1964-04-07 Bendix Corp Electron multiplier
US3058023A (en) * 1960-03-09 1962-10-09 Nat Company Inc Molecular beam source

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3449582A (en) * 1966-02-02 1969-06-10 Westinghouse Electric Corp Electron multiplier device having an electrically insulating secondary emission control surface
US3487258A (en) * 1967-03-29 1969-12-30 Philips Corp Image intensifier with channel secondary emission electron multiplier having tilted channels
US3519870A (en) * 1967-05-18 1970-07-07 Xerox Corp Spiraled strip material having parallel grooves forming plurality of electron multiplier channels
US3564323A (en) * 1967-11-14 1971-02-16 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Secondary-electron multiplier having tilted elliptical pipes the ends of which are obliquely cut
US3483422A (en) * 1968-07-26 1969-12-09 Northrop Corp Electron beam scanner with transverse digital control
US3641382A (en) * 1968-07-31 1972-02-08 Philips Corp Channel intensifier glass compositions
US3789608A (en) * 1971-10-14 1974-02-05 Communications Satellite Corp Type of colloid propulsion
US3969624A (en) * 1973-05-21 1976-07-13 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Electrostatic imaging device and process using same

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