US3175085A - X-ray hoisting apparatus with automatic securing means - Google Patents

X-ray hoisting apparatus with automatic securing means Download PDF

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US3175085A
US3175085A US123855A US12385561A US3175085A US 3175085 A US3175085 A US 3175085A US 123855 A US123855 A US 123855A US 12385561 A US12385561 A US 12385561A US 3175085 A US3175085 A US 3175085A
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sections
boom
section
shaft
track
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Robert T Avery
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Varian Medical Systems Inc
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Varian Associates Inc
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/44Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/4429Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis related to the mounting of source units and detector units
    • A61B6/4464Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis related to the mounting of source units and detector units the source unit or the detector unit being mounted to ceiling
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/54Control of apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/548Remote control of the apparatus or devices

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  • This invention relates to a hoisting apparatus for supporting and for transporting a heavy object and, more particularly, to a depending boom hoist to which the object is attached and which supports the object rigidly when the object is at rest.
  • a high energy X-ray machine In very specialized applications, a high energy X-ray machine must be supported on the end of a depending rigid boom hoist which is moveable on overhead tracks. The boom must not only be capable of transporting the X-ray machine but must motionlessly and rigidly secure the machine while X-ray pictures are being taken. Also, any inherent oscillation in the hoist must be quickly dampened when the X-ray machine comes to rest.
  • a typical high energy X-ray machine is described in U.S. patent application No. 46,432, filed on August 1, 1960, now abandoned, in favor of continuation US. patent application Serial No. 411,170, filed on September 14, 1964, by the same inventor and assigned to the same assignee as this application.
  • the X-ray machine comprises a linear accelerator which accelerates electrons to high en ergies (in the order of eleven million electron volts) and means which then direct the high energy electrons onto a target to produce very high energy X-rays.
  • the electron beam is also focused to a very small cross section in the region of the target so that a point X ray source is simulated which, in turn, will produce very sharp pictures.
  • the high energy linear accelerator as described in the above application, is long and heavy and mobility is provided in the above accelerator by mounting the accelerator transversely onto the end of a telescoping boom depending from an overhead trolley hoist.
  • the electron beam axis is disposed horizontally and rotates about the vertical axis of the boom.
  • the electron beam in this accelerator is focused to a small area having a diameter of less than one millimeter thus making a one millimeter X-ray source.
  • a person skilled in the art of producing X-ray pictures understands that the boom will oscillate when the X-ray machine comes to rest. These oscillations must be quickly dampened and the inherent amplitude of vibration of the X-ray source must be limited, for example, on the order of one-half of a millimeter or one-half of the diameter of the X-ray source size so that maximum resolution on the X-ray pictures will be obtained. To do this, when the X-ray source is positioned to take an X-ray picture, its supporting member must be immoveable.
  • the amplitude of vibration of the X-ray source is inversely dependent on the moment of inertia of the boom and directly dependent on the weight of the X-ray source.
  • the take up means substantially restricts relative transverse motion between the telescoping sections both in the movement thereof and when in a fixed position.
  • the principal object of this invention is to provide a moveable support structure which will motionlessly and rigidly support a large object after the object has been moved into a desired position by the support structure.
  • One feature of this invention is the provision of a moveable support structure arranged to rotate a large object about a vertical axis without backlash.
  • Another feature of this invention is the provision of a slip drive to perform the above rotation without backlash.
  • Another feature of this invention is the provision in the above moveable support structure of a flat drive sprocket coaxially disposed between a fixed support on the support structure and a flanged shaft wherein a thrust force in the shaft forms a friction brake between the flange on the shaft and the sprocket and between the sprocket and the fixed support.
  • Still another feature of this invention is the provision of a moveable support structure in the form a of a telescoping boom wherein the play between the separate boom parts is taken up and eliminated.
  • Another feature of this invention is a track and a springloaded follower between sections of a telescoping boom to take up the play between the sections.
  • Another feature of this invention is a telescoping boom wherein the sections are fixed with respect to each other at all stationary boom positions.
  • FIG. 1 is a view in elevation of an extended vertical boom supporting a linear accelerator with both the boom and accelerator supported by an overhead trolley hoist,
  • FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view taken on line 2-2 of FIG. 1 with the center block and tackle removed.
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged partial sectional view of the boom enclosed by circle 3-3 of FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged partial sectional view of the boom depicted in FIG. 1, and
  • FIG. 5 is a cross sectional view taken on line 5-5 of FIG. 4.
  • a linear accelerator 12 including its power supply enclosed in a cabinet 13 and an X-ray head unit 14, is supported on the bottom end of the ver-, tically disposed hollow boom 15 which is, in turn, mounted on an overhead trolley hoist assembly 16.
  • the hoist assembly 16 comprises a square frame 17 to which the boom 15 is fixed and suitable wheels 18 that ride on I- beam tracks 19 which are part of an overhead-disposed moveable-beam 20.
  • An electric motor 21 mounted within the hoist 16 powers the wheels 18 to provide horizontal motion in one direction for the accelerator 12 along tracks 19.
  • the overhead moveable beam 20 is mounted on other tracks (not shown) for horizontal motion normal to the one direction.
  • a flexible conduit means 22 extends from the overhead 20 to the accelerator 12 through the hollow boom 15. The conduit means supply electrical energy and cooling water to the accelerator 12.
  • the boom 15 is made of a plurality of telescoping sections, and as shown in this embodiment, includes three sections, an upper section 23, fixed to the frame 17, a middle section 24, and a bottom section 25 wherein section 25 nests within section 24 which, in turn, nests within section 23.
  • Another electric motor and hoisting drum powers a block and tackle 26 (shown by dash lines) to provide vertical motion to the accelerator 12.
  • the lower pulley of the block and tackle 26 is attached to a diagonal brace 27, shown partially broken away in FIG. 2.
  • the accelerator 12 is'rnounted with its beam axis horizontal; the power supply cabinet 13 at one end balance the heavy X-ray head 14 at the other end.
  • the linear accelerator 12 is rotatable upon a vertical axis which coincides with the axis of the boom 15 and is supported by the bottom section of the boom through a shaft 28 (FIG. 3) which has one end fixed to the linear accelerator 12 through a triangular support structure.
  • Shaft 28 is preferably made tubular so that the flexible conduit means 22 conveniently passes therethrough to the accelerator 12.
  • the triangular support structure comprises a sleeve 29 and four radially protruding I-beams 30 fixed to the frame of the linear accelerator 12 and four anglemembers 31 equally spaced about the sleeve 29 and each secured at one end to the sleeve 29 and at the other to the :outer end of one of the Lbeams 30.
  • the shaft 28 fits snugly within the sleeve 29 as a shear pin 32 passes through both the sleeve 29 and shaft 28 to secure the two together.
  • Shaft 28 is rotatable within another sleeve 33 disposed within and fixed to the boom bottom section 25.
  • Sleeve 33 is welded to a transverse steel plate 34 and braced by four angle members 36 equally spaced about sleeve 33.
  • a On its upper end the shaft 28 has a radial flange 37 which bears on an enlarged steel thrust washer 38 which has a journal bearing surface 39 attached thereto.
  • the radial flange 37 could have been made larger wherein it'will have the same diameter of thrust washer 38 and, therefore, eliminating washer 38.
  • the embodiment illustrated is preferred because machining time is saved since a smaller shaft 28 was used.
  • the bearing surface 39 bears on one of the opposing parallel surfaces of a gear 41, theaxis of the gear 41 coinciding with the axes of the shaft'28 and sleeve 33.
  • Gear 41 rests on a combination radial and thrust journal bearing 42 press-fitted into the upper end of the sleeve 33 to form a thrust journal bearing with the upper end-face of bearing 42.
  • the inner cylindrical surface of bearing 42 forms a radial journal bearing for shaft 28.
  • a radial journal bearing 43 is pressfitted at the other end of sleeve 33 also to provide alignment and a suitable bearing between sleeve 33 and shaft 28.
  • the gear 41 is rotated about its vertical axis by electric gear motor 44 acting through a sprocket 45.
  • the sprocket 45 is connected to gear 41 through a chain 46.
  • the telescoping boom sections are made to move axially relative to each other and nest, as mentioned above, within each other. Suitable clearance must be provided between the sections so they can move freely. The clearance must also be taken The clearance and free action which is required between the sections is provided by suitable tracks 47, FIG. 2, which are made from rectangular cross-section coldrolled steel. Tracks 47 are disposed vertically near the corners of the sections 24 and 25 which have a square cross section. Although only two tracks can be used on one section, four tracks on one section are used in the preferred embodiment, as shown, to prevent excessive twisting of the sections. The top section 23 being an external section does not require any tracks 47.
  • Each of the sections 23, 24 and 25 include four steel angle sections 48 at each corner thereof, and suitable stiifening brackets 49 are welded to the angle sections 48. For aesthetic reasons, the sections are covered with a sheet metal cover 50.
  • the tracks 47 are fixed to the corner angle sections 48.
  • followers 52 preferably in the form of rollers, ride on tracks 47.
  • a pair of rollers 52 is mounted on a lever 53 (FIG. 5) by suitable bearing axles 54 and a pair of levers 52 are provided for each track 47.
  • Each lever 53 is pivotly mounted by means of pivot shaft 55 disposed on the interior wall of a boom section, such as sections 23 and 24 which surround another boom section.
  • rollers 52 and tracks 47 provide the necessary friction-free clearance between the sections so that they can move relative to each other without binding.
  • the play between each pair of rollers 52 and tracks 47 is eliminated by pivoting the lever 53 on its pivot shaft 55 disposed between two rollers 52 to cause each roller 52 to bear against the track 47 with a large constant force.
  • the large constant force is provided by a take-up means 57 (FIG. 4).
  • the take-up means 57 in this embodiment, preferably comprises a pair of the levers 53 for each track 47. Since the tracks 47 are mounted only on the inner boom sections, then to provide maximum stiffness and travel the pairs of levers 53 are mounted near the bottom of the outer boom sections and on two horizontal angle braces 58. A vertical member 59 is Welded at its end to both braces 58 and the free ends of levers 53 are retained within U-shaped straps 61 that are welded by their ends to member 59.
  • the take-up means 57 are preloaded in this embodiment by a tension spring 62 connected to both levers 53 in each pair to place a torque on the levers by urging the ends of the levers 53 toward each other.
  • the telescoping coaxially disposed boom sections 22, 24 and 25 must be always at given stable, relative vertical position to each other when the unit 14 is at a given elevation. If the sections do not move under positive control with respect to each other, one of the sections may fall to lower level at an inopportune time such as during an X-ray exposure.
  • Positive control means are provided for between the telescoping section in this embodiment by an endless wire rope 65 engaging two spaced pulleys 66 and 67 mounted on the middle section 24.
  • two sets of wire ropes and pulleys disposed on opposite sides of section 24 are used in this embodiment (FIG. 2).
  • the pulleys 66 and 67 are disposed near the ends of the center section 24 and make an angle of approximately with the sheet metal so that the pulleys protrude through the walls of the section, and the rope is, therefore, accessible from the Outside as well as from the inside of the section 24.
  • the outer section 23 is fixed and attached to the rope 65 with the aid of a bracket 68 in a form of a steel plate that is welded to the section.
  • a standard U-shaped rope clip 69 encircles and clamps the rope 65 and is bolted to the bracket 68.
  • the bottom inner section 25 is also fixed to the rope 65 with the aid of another rope clip 71 which encircles and clamps the rope 65 and is bolted to the bracket 72.
  • bracket 68 is disposed near the bottom of section 23
  • bracket 72 is disposed near the top of section 25.
  • the accelerator 12 is free to rotate about a vertical axis, and a safety means is required to limit the angular motion of the accelerator so that the flexible conduit means 22 is not twisted excessively.
  • the safety means includes an arm 76 (FIGS. 2 and 3) extending from a ring 77 that fits loosely around the flange 37 of the rotating shaft 28.
  • the ring 77 is held in place with a collar 73 suitably bolted to the flange 37.
  • the collar rotates with the shaft 25 while the ring 77 and arm are free from the shaft 28 but move within limits that are PIE? scribed by a lug 79 extending up from the arm 76 engaging a lug 81 depending from the collar 78.
  • the exact number of degrees through which the shaft 28 can rotate is ad justed by the location of the microswitches 82 and 82 and the geometry of the arm 76 and lugs 79 and $1. If the microswitches fail to stop the motor 44, arm 76 is stopped by either of the support brackets for the microswitches 82 and 82 causing the gear 41 to slip on bearing surfaces 39.
  • the rotational limit means is also useful to limit the angular displacement of the shaft to considerably less than 360, for example, the X-ray beam can be directed towards only one wall of the room. This arrangement allows for a considerable savings in construction cost of the Xray room since heavy shielding is then required in only one wall instead of all four walls.
  • bearing surfaces are between steel and porous bronze and provide a suitable coeflicient of friction to maintain the necessary degree of friction whereby sufficient locking and also bearing is provided between the parts.
  • section 24 moves into section 23 at the same rate as section 26 moves into section 24 because of the action of the wire rope 65 and pulleys 66 and 67 arrangement. Then, when the accelerator steps, so do all the sections stop and cannot move. If more than three telescoping sections are required, the rope and pulley means must be installed on all sections disposed between two other sections.
  • Horizontal motion is provided in one direction by motor 21 turning wheels 18 whereby the wheels 18 travel along track 19.
  • the wheels 18 are disposed at the corners of the frame 17 whereby pendulum action in the boom is eliminated or substantially reduced.
  • the boom 14 Since all structural units can oscillate at a resonant frequency which can cause the unit 14 to oscillate as a pendulum, the boom 14 was made into a square cross section and stiffened sufiiciently to increase its moment of inertia so that the amplitude of vibration of the unit 14 is maintained within prescribed limits. Since most of the play is taken up between the moving part, the amplitude can be readily limited without increasing the size of the boom beyond reasonable limits.
  • a telescoping boom was built to support an accelerator unit which can be extended to at least 25 feet from the overhead and weighed at least 9000 pounds. The amplitude of oscillation was dampened to ,1 of an inch within less than 20 seconds.
  • a hoisting apparatus comprising a telescoping boom having at least two coaxial sections including an inner section nesting within an outer adjacent section, means for supporting an object on one end of said boom, means for rotating said object about the axis of said boom track and follower means on said sections for guiding said inner section within said adjacent outer section, and take up means for securely clamping said inner and outer sections together automatically when said sections are stationary said take-up means also substantially restrict transverse relative motion, with respect to the boom axis, between said sections both when said sections are moving relative to one another and whensaid sections are stationary.
  • said track follower means comprises a track on said inner section and followers on said outer section, said followers being disposed adjacent the end of said outer section closest to said inner section.
  • a hoisting apparatus comprising a telescoping boom having at least two sections, including an inner section nesting within an adjacent outer section, means for supporting an object on one end of said boom, means for rotating said object about the axis of said boom, track and follower means on said sections for guiding said inner section within said adjacent outer section, and'take-up means for securely clamping said inner and outer sections together automatically when said sections are stationary, said track and follower means comprising a track on said inner section and followers on said outer section, said followers being disposed adjacent to end of said outer section closest to said inner section, said take-up means comprising a lever means including a lever on which at least two of the followers in the form of rollers are mounted, said levers pivotally mounted on said outer section, one of said tracks disposed between two of the roller followers on said lever, and means for applying a moment on said lever whereby said followers bear firmly against said track.
  • said lever means further includes a pair of said levers with said roller followers engaging said one of said tracks and a spring attached to the ends of said pair of levers and disposed on the same side of said track.
  • a hoisting apparatus comprising a boom, means for supporting an object on one end of said boom, means for rotating said object about the axis of said-boom, said means comprising a shaft disposed to rotate about said axis, said shaft bearing against a drive gear, said drive gear bearing against said boom, means for rotating said drive 'gear wherein said gear rotates said shaft and slides in frictional engagement across the surface of the boom on which said gear is bearing.
  • a hoisting apparatus in combination with an X-ray unit comprising a vertical boom supported from over head, a sleeve fixed vertically to the lower end of said boom,'a tubular shaft rotatably disposed in said sleeve, frictional drive meansdisposed between said shaft and saidsleeve, said X-ray unit fixed to the lower end of said shaft, said shaft and said X-ray unit fixed thereto being adapted and arranged for rotation about said boom axis, and a flexible conduit means extending through said tubular shaft.
  • a hoisting apparatus in combination with an X-ray unit comprising a telescoping boom having at least two sections with one of said sections nesting within an adjacent section, said unit supported on one end of said boom, said X-ray unit adapted and arranged so as to be capable of rotation about said boom axis track and follower means on said sections for guiding one of said sections within an adjacent section, said track and follower means comprising a track on said inner section and followers on said outer section, said followers being disposed adjacent the end of said outer section closest to said inner section, and take-up means for securely clamping said sections together automatically when said sections are stationary said take up means comprising a lever means including a lever on which at least two of the followers in the form of rollers are mounted, said lever pivotly mounted on said outer section, one of said track means disposed between two of the roller followers 011 said lever, and means for applying a moment on said lever whereby said followers bear firmly against said track.
  • a hoisting apparatus in combination with an X-ray unit comprising a telescoping boom having at least two sections with one of said sections nesting within an adjacent section, said unit supported on one end of said boom, track and follower means on said sections for guiding one of said sections within an adjacent section, take-up means for securely clamping said sections together automatically when said sections are stationary, means for rotating said object about the axis of said boom, said means for rotating said object comprising a shaft disposed to rotate about said axis, said shaft bearing against a drive gear, said drive gear bearing against said boom, means for rotating said drive gear wherein said gear rotates said shaft and slides in frictional engagement across the surface of the boom on which said gearis bearing;
  • a hoisting apparatus in combination with an X-ray unit comprising a telescoping boom having at least two sections with one of said sections nesting within an adja cent section, said unit supported on one end of said boom, track and follower means on said sections for guiding one of said sections within an adjacent section, take-up means for securely clamping said sections together automatically when said sections are stationary, means for rotating said object about the axis of said boom, said means for rotating said object comprising a shaft disposed to rotate about said axis, said shaft bearing against a drive gear, said drive gear bearing against said boom, means for rotating said drive gear wherein said gear rotates said shaft and slides across the surface of the boom on which said gear is bearing, said track and follower means comprising a track on said inner section and followers on said outer section, said followers being disposed adjacent the lower end of said outer section, said take-up means comprising a lever means including a lever on which at least two followers in the form of rollers are mounted, said lever pivotally mounted on said outer section, one of said tracks disposed between
  • lever means further includes a pair of said levers with said roller followers engaging each one of said tracks, and a spring attached to said pair of levers disposed on the same side of said track.
  • lever means further includes a pair of said levers with said followers engaging each one of said tracks, and a spring attached to the ends of said pair of levers and disposed on the same side of said track.
  • said positive control means comprises two spaced pulleys on a center section, and an endless rope engaging said pulley with the outer and inner section from said center section being attached to said rope.
  • a hoisting apparatus in combination with an X-ray unit comprising a telescoping boom having at least two sections, one of said sections nesting within an adjacent section, said unit supported on one end of said boom, track and follower means on said sections for guiding one of said sections within an adjacent section, take-up means for securely clamping said sections together automatically when said sections are stationary, a sleeve fixed vertically to the lower end of said boom, a shaft rotatably disposed in said sleeve, a flange on said shaft bearing against said sleeve, said X-ray unit fixed to lower end of said shaft, said track and follower means comprising a track on said inner section and followers on said outer section, said followers being disposed adjacent the lower end of said outer section, said take-up means comprising a lever means including a lever on which at least two followers are mounted, said lever pivotally mounted on said outer section, one of said tracks disposed between two of said followers on said lever, and means for applying a moment on said lever whereby said followers
  • a hoisting apparatus comprising a telescoping boom having at least three sections, said sections being coaxially disposed and including an inner section and an adjacent outer section, means for supporting an object on one end of said boom, means for rotating said object about the axis of said boom, track and follower means on said sections for guiding said inner section within said adjacent outer section; and take-up means for securely clamping said inner and outer sections together automatically when said sections are stationary, and positive control means being provided to move said three sections of said boom in a positive controlled manner with respect to each other.
  • said positive control means comprises two spaced pulleys mounted on said inner section, an endless rope engaging said pulley, and said two other sections of said three sections being attached to said rope.
  • a hoisting apparatus comprising a telescoping boom having at least two sections including an inner section nesting within an adjacent outer section, means for supporting an object on one end of said boom, means for rotating said object about the axis of said boom, track and follower means on said sections for guiding said inner section within said adjacent outer section, and take-up means for securely clamping said inner and outer sections together automatically when said sections are stationary, said means for rotating the object about the axis of said boom including a friction bearing portion.
  • said means for rotating said object about the axis of said 10 boom including said friction bearing portion comprises a shaft disposed to rotate about said axis, said shaft bearing against a drive gear, said drive gear bearing against said boom and means for rotating said drive gear, said gear rotating said shaft and said gear sliding on the surface of the boom on which said gear is bearing.
  • a hoisting apparatus in combination with an X-ray unit comprising a telescoping boom having at least two coaxial sections with one of said sections nesting within an adjacent section, said unit supported on one end of said boom, track and follower means on said sections for guiding one of said sections Within an adjacent section, take-up means for securely clamping: said sections together automatically when said sections are stationary, a sleeve fixed vertically to the lower end of said boom,

Description

R. T. AVERY March 23, 1965 X-RAY HOISTING APPARATUS WITH AUTOMATIC SECURING MEANS Filed July 13, 1961 4 87 2 4 4 W Y m M 1 TE Y 7 I NV n E 8 5 W N 5 T T R A a x 3 v 0 l 5 2 R an Y B 4 9 7 I %4 6 72 w 3 4+ 4 9 1 81 I r 8 z \I. \k 5.\ s a Q 5 2 I a l l\ G \100 F 7 1 u/l HY 5l/ 4 1 8 mu 4 I I I MW t 4 5 W Mm %%4+ United States Patent Ofiiice 3,175,085 Patented Mar. 23, 1965 3,175,085 X-RAY HOISTING APPARATUS WITH AUTO- MATIC SECURING MEANS Robert T. Avery, Los Altos, Calif, assignor to Varian Associates, Palo Alto, Calif., a corporation of California Filed July 13, 1961, Ser. No. 123,855 31 Claims. (Cl. 250-91) This invention relates to a hoisting apparatus for supporting and for transporting a heavy object and, more particularly, to a depending boom hoist to which the object is attached and which supports the object rigidly when the object is at rest.
In very specialized applications, a high energy X-ray machine must be supported on the end of a depending rigid boom hoist which is moveable on overhead tracks. The boom must not only be capable of transporting the X-ray machine but must motionlessly and rigidly secure the machine while X-ray pictures are being taken. Also, any inherent oscillation in the hoist must be quickly dampened when the X-ray machine comes to rest. A typical high energy X-ray machine is described in U.S. patent application No. 46,432, filed on August 1, 1960, now abandoned, in favor of continuation US. patent application Serial No. 411,170, filed on September 14, 1964, by the same inventor and assigned to the same assignee as this application. The X-ray machine comprises a linear accelerator which accelerates electrons to high en ergies (in the order of eleven million electron volts) and means which then direct the high energy electrons onto a target to produce very high energy X-rays. The electron beam is also focused to a very small cross section in the region of the target so that a point X ray source is simulated which, in turn, will produce very sharp pictures. The high energy linear accelerator, as described in the above application, is long and heavy and mobility is provided in the above accelerator by mounting the accelerator transversely onto the end of a telescoping boom depending from an overhead trolley hoist. The electron beam axis is disposed horizontally and rotates about the vertical axis of the boom.
Since an electron beam cannot be focused to a mathematical point, the electron beam in this accelerator is focused to a small area having a diameter of less than one millimeter thus making a one millimeter X-ray source. A person skilled in the art of producing X-ray pictures understands that the boom will oscillate when the X-ray machine comes to rest. These oscillations must be quickly dampened and the inherent amplitude of vibration of the X-ray source must be limited, for example, on the order of one-half of a millimeter or one-half of the diameter of the X-ray source size so that maximum resolution on the X-ray pictures will be obtained. To do this, when the X-ray source is positioned to take an X-ray picture, its supporting member must be immoveable. There can be no play between the moveable parts of the boom and of the hoist, and the supporting member must have sufiicient stiffness to maintain the amplitude of vibration within acceptable limits. The amplitude of vibration of the X-ray source is inversely dependent on the moment of inertia of the boom and directly dependent on the weight of the X-ray source. With the large moveable parts necessary to decrease the amplitude of vibration,,there must be suflicient clearance between them so that they do not bind during positioning of the X-ray source. This clearance or play between the moveable parts must be automatically taken up when the X-ray source is in position as it would be impractical to manually clamp the sections together before an X-ray picture is taken. The take up means substantially restricts relative transverse motion between the telescoping sections both in the movement thereof and when in a fixed position.
The principal object of this invention is to provide a moveable support structure which will motionlessly and rigidly support a large object after the object has been moved into a desired position by the support structure.
One feature of this invention is the provision of a moveable support structure arranged to rotate a large object about a vertical axis without backlash.
Another feature of this invention is the provision of a slip drive to perform the above rotation without backlash.
Another feature of this invention is the provision in the above moveable support structure of a flat drive sprocket coaxially disposed between a fixed support on the support structure and a flanged shaft wherein a thrust force in the shaft forms a friction brake between the flange on the shaft and the sprocket and between the sprocket and the fixed support.
Still another feature of this invention is the provision of a moveable support structure in the form a of a telescoping boom wherein the play between the separate boom parts is taken up and eliminated.
Another feature of this invention is a track and a springloaded follower between sections of a telescoping boom to take up the play between the sections.
Another feature of this invention is a telescoping boom wherein the sections are fixed with respect to each other at all stationary boom positions.
These and other features and advantages of the present invention will be more apparent after a perusal of the following specification taken in connection with the accompanying drawings wherein,
FIG. 1 is a view in elevation of an extended vertical boom supporting a linear accelerator with both the boom and accelerator supported by an overhead trolley hoist,
FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view taken on line 2-2 of FIG. 1 with the center block and tackle removed.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged partial sectional view of the boom enclosed by circle 3-3 of FIG. 1,
FIG. 4 is an enlarged partial sectional view of the boom depicted in FIG. 1, and
FIG. 5 is a cross sectional view taken on line 5-5 of FIG. 4.
Referring to FIG. 1 a linear accelerator 12, including its power supply enclosed in a cabinet 13 and an X-ray head unit 14, is supported on the bottom end of the ver-, tically disposed hollow boom 15 which is, in turn, mounted on an overhead trolley hoist assembly 16. The hoist assembly 16 comprises a square frame 17 to which the boom 15 is fixed and suitable wheels 18 that ride on I- beam tracks 19 which are part of an overhead-disposed moveable-beam 20. An electric motor 21 mounted within the hoist 16 powers the wheels 18 to provide horizontal motion in one direction for the accelerator 12 along tracks 19. The overhead moveable beam 20 is mounted on other tracks (not shown) for horizontal motion normal to the one direction. A flexible conduit means 22 extends from the overhead 20 to the accelerator 12 through the hollow boom 15. The conduit means supply electrical energy and cooling water to the accelerator 12.
The boom 15 is made of a plurality of telescoping sections, and as shown in this embodiment, includes three sections, an upper section 23, fixed to the frame 17, a middle section 24, and a bottom section 25 wherein section 25 nests within section 24 which, in turn, nests within section 23. Another electric motor and hoisting drum (not shown) powers a block and tackle 26 (shown by dash lines) to provide vertical motion to the accelerator 12. The lower pulley of the block and tackle 26 is attached to a diagonal brace 27, shown partially broken away in FIG. 2.
The accelerator 12 is'rnounted with its beam axis horizontal; the power supply cabinet 13 at one end balance the heavy X-ray head 14 at the other end. The linear accelerator 12 is rotatable upon a vertical axis which coincides with the axis of the boom 15 and is supported by the bottom section of the boom through a shaft 28 (FIG. 3) which has one end fixed to the linear accelerator 12 through a triangular support structure. Shaft 28 is preferably made tubular so that the flexible conduit means 22 conveniently passes therethrough to the accelerator 12. The triangular support structure comprises a sleeve 29 and four radially protruding I-beams 30 fixed to the frame of the linear accelerator 12 and four anglemembers 31 equally spaced about the sleeve 29 and each secured at one end to the sleeve 29 and at the other to the :outer end of one of the Lbeams 30. The shaft 28 fits snugly within the sleeve 29 as a shear pin 32 passes through both the sleeve 29 and shaft 28 to secure the two together.
Shaft 28 is rotatable within another sleeve 33 disposed within and fixed to the boom bottom section 25. Sleeve 33 is welded to a transverse steel plate 34 and braced by four angle members 36 equally spaced about sleeve 33. a On its upper end the shaft 28 has a radial flange 37 which bears on an enlarged steel thrust washer 38 which has a journal bearing surface 39 attached thereto. The radial flange 37 could have been made larger wherein it'will have the same diameter of thrust washer 38 and, therefore, eliminating washer 38. The embodiment illustrated is preferred because machining time is saved since a smaller shaft 28 was used. The bearing surface 39 bears on one of the opposing parallel surfaces of a gear 41, theaxis of the gear 41 coinciding with the axes of the shaft'28 and sleeve 33. Gear 41 rests on a combination radial and thrust journal bearing 42 press-fitted into the upper end of the sleeve 33 to form a thrust journal bearing with the upper end-face of bearing 42. The inner cylindrical surface of bearing 42 forms a radial journal bearing for shaft 28. A radial journal bearing 43 is pressfitted at the other end of sleeve 33 also to provide alignment and a suitable bearing between sleeve 33 and shaft 28. The gear 41 is rotated about its vertical axis by electric gear motor 44 acting through a sprocket 45. The sprocket 45 is connected to gear 41 through a chain 46.
Since the linear accelerator must also be raised or lowered by the boom 15, the telescoping boom sections, therefore, are made to move axially relative to each other and nest, as mentioned above, within each other. Suitable clearance must be provided between the sections so they can move freely. The clearance must also be taken The clearance and free action which is required between the sections is provided by suitable tracks 47, FIG. 2, which are made from rectangular cross-section coldrolled steel. Tracks 47 are disposed vertically near the corners of the sections 24 and 25 which have a square cross section. Although only two tracks can be used on one section, four tracks on one section are used in the preferred embodiment, as shown, to prevent excessive twisting of the sections. The top section 23 being an external section does not require any tracks 47. Each of the sections 23, 24 and 25 include four steel angle sections 48 at each corner thereof, and suitable stiifening brackets 49 are welded to the angle sections 48. For aesthetic reasons, the sections are covered with a sheet metal cover 50. For convenience and strength, the tracks 47 are fixed to the corner angle sections 48. Followers 52, preferably in the form of rollers, ride on tracks 47. A pair of rollers 52 is mounted on a lever 53 (FIG. 5) by suitable bearing axles 54 and a pair of levers 52 are provided for each track 47. Each lever 53 is pivotly mounted by means of pivot shaft 55 disposed on the interior wall of a boom section, such as sections 23 and 24 which surround another boom section. The rollers 52 and tracks 47 provide the necessary friction-free clearance between the sections so that they can move relative to each other without binding. The play between each pair of rollers 52 and tracks 47 is eliminated by pivoting the lever 53 on its pivot shaft 55 disposed between two rollers 52 to cause each roller 52 to bear against the track 47 with a large constant force. The large constant force is provided by a take-up means 57 (FIG. 4).
The take-up means 57, in this embodiment, preferably comprises a pair of the levers 53 for each track 47. Since the tracks 47 are mounted only on the inner boom sections, then to provide maximum stiffness and travel the pairs of levers 53 are mounted near the bottom of the outer boom sections and on two horizontal angle braces 58. A vertical member 59 is Welded at its end to both braces 58 and the free ends of levers 53 are retained within U-shaped straps 61 that are welded by their ends to member 59. The take-up means 57 are preloaded in this embodiment by a tension spring 62 connected to both levers 53 in each pair to place a torque on the levers by urging the ends of the levers 53 toward each other. The mechanical advantages of the levers 53 cause the rollers 52 to maintain their contact with track 47. Since the weight of the upper lever 53 of each pair adds to the torque, the spring 62 is connected to the lower lever at a point positioned further from the pivot shaft 55 than the point where the spring is attached to the upper lever. Thus, all the rollers 52 bear against the tracks 47 with approximately equal force.
Also, to insure that the X-ray head 14 is stationary, the telescoping coaxially disposed boom sections 22, 24 and 25 must be always at given stable, relative vertical position to each other when the unit 14 is at a given elevation. If the sections do not move under positive control with respect to each other, one of the sections may fall to lower level at an inopportune time such as during an X-ray exposure. Positive control means are provided for between the telescoping section in this embodiment by an endless wire rope 65 engaging two spaced pulleys 66 and 67 mounted on the middle section 24. For more uniform operation between the sections, two sets of wire ropes and pulleys disposed on opposite sides of section 24 are used in this embodiment (FIG. 2). The pulleys 66 and 67 are disposed near the ends of the center section 24 and make an angle of approximately with the sheet metal so that the pulleys protrude through the walls of the section, and the rope is, therefore, accessible from the Outside as well as from the inside of the section 24. The outer section 23 is fixed and attached to the rope 65 with the aid of a bracket 68 in a form of a steel plate that is welded to the section. A standard U-shaped rope clip 69 encircles and clamps the rope 65 and is bolted to the bracket 68. The bottom inner section 25 is also fixed to the rope 65 with the aid of another rope clip 71 which encircles and clamps the rope 65 and is bolted to the bracket 72. Of course, for full vertical motion, the lengths of rope on either side of one clip 69 to the other clip 71 are made equal to each other. While bracket 68 is disposed near the bottom of section 23, bracket 72 (FIG. 2) is disposed near the top of section 25.
The accelerator 12 is free to rotate about a vertical axis, and a safety means is required to limit the angular motion of the accelerator so that the flexible conduit means 22 is not twisted excessively. The safety means includes an arm 76 (FIGS. 2 and 3) extending from a ring 77 that fits loosely around the flange 37 of the rotating shaft 28. The ring 77 is held in place with a collar 73 suitably bolted to the flange 37. The collar rotates with the shaft 25 while the ring 77 and arm are free from the shaft 28 but move within limits that are PIE? scribed by a lug 79 extending up from the arm 76 engaging a lug 81 depending from the collar 78. Thus, when the shaft 28 rotates a given number of degrees counterclockwise (FIG. 2), the lugs 79 and 81 make contact swinging arm 76 to make contact with a microswitch 82 supported by a bracket 83 that is welded to plate 34. The microswitch then stops the motor 44. The shaft 28 can now be rotated clockwise and when it has turned approximately 360", the lugs 78 and 81 again make contact causing arm 76 to contact another microswitch 82' (of which only the contact tip is shown in FIG. 2) similarly mounted on a bracket as microswitch 82. The microswitch 82 also stops the motor. The exact number of degrees through which the shaft 28 can rotate is ad justed by the location of the microswitches 82 and 82 and the geometry of the arm 76 and lugs 79 and $1. If the microswitches fail to stop the motor 44, arm 76 is stopped by either of the support brackets for the microswitches 82 and 82 causing the gear 41 to slip on bearing surfaces 39. The rotational limit means is also useful to limit the angular displacement of the shaft to considerably less than 360, for example, the X-ray beam can be directed towards only one wall of the room. This arrangement allows for a considerable savings in construction cost of the Xray room since heavy shielding is then required in only one wall instead of all four walls.
An operator operates the X-ray machine from a remote control means. When motor 44 is started, sprocket 45 rotates causing the chain 46 to drive the gear 41. The gear 41 slips across bearing 42 on top of the sleeve 33 since it is fixed to the lower section 25, but the friction force between bearing 39 and gear 41 is sutficient to cause shaft 23 to rotate. When motor 44 stops, the friction force between bearing 39 and gear 41 and between gear 41 and bearing 42 provides a braking action to prevent any relative movement between the accelerator and the lower sec tion 26. If the accelerator happens to be stopped by a wall or other immoveable objects while motor 44 is rotating it, bearing 39 will slip across the gear 41 because the friction force being low is overcome without damaging the accelerator. In this embodiment, bearing surfaces are between steel and porous bronze and provide a suitable coeflicient of friction to maintain the necessary degree of friction whereby sufficient locking and also bearing is provided between the parts.
When the accelerator 12 is being raised, the rollers 52 that are mounted on top section 23, will roll in contact with the tracks 47 on section 24. Any variation in the cross section of the tracks 47 will be taken up by levers 53 since they can pivot about the pivot 55 and move close to or away from the tracks. When the accelerator 12 stops, the spring 62 tightens the rollers 52 against the tracks locking the two sections 23 and 24 together. A similar motion is provided between sections 24 and 25.
As the accelerator 12 is raised, section 24 moves into section 23 at the same rate as section 26 moves into section 24 because of the action of the wire rope 65 and pulleys 66 and 67 arrangement. Then, when the accelerator steps, so do all the sections stop and cannot move. If more than three telescoping sections are required, the rope and pulley means must be installed on all sections disposed between two other sections.
Horizontal motion is provided in one direction by motor 21 turning wheels 18 whereby the wheels 18 travel along track 19. The wheels 18 are disposed at the corners of the frame 17 whereby pendulum action in the boom is eliminated or substantially reduced.
Since all structural units can oscillate at a resonant frequency which can cause the unit 14 to oscillate as a pendulum, the boom 14 was made into a square cross section and stiffened sufiiciently to increase its moment of inertia so that the amplitude of vibration of the unit 14 is maintained within prescribed limits. Since most of the play is taken up between the moving part, the amplitude can be readily limited without increasing the size of the boom beyond reasonable limits. A telescoping boom was built to support an accelerator unit which can be extended to at least 25 feet from the overhead and weighed at least 9000 pounds. The amplitude of oscillation was dampened to ,1 of an inch within less than 20 seconds.
Since many changes could be made in the above construction and many apparently widely different embodiments of this invention could be made without departing from the scope thereof, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
What is claimed is:
l. A hoisting apparatus comprising a telescoping boom having at least two coaxial sections including an inner section nesting within an outer adjacent section, means for supporting an object on one end of said boom, means for rotating said object about the axis of said boom track and follower means on said sections for guiding said inner section within said adjacent outer section, and take up means for securely clamping said inner and outer sections together automatically when said sections are stationary said take-up means also substantially restrict transverse relative motion, with respect to the boom axis, between said sections both when said sections are moving relative to one another and whensaid sections are stationary.
2. The hoisting apparatus of claim 1 wherein said followers are rollers which roll on said track.
3. The hoisting apparatus of claim 1 wherein said track follower means comprises a track on said inner section and followers on said outer section, said followers being disposed adjacent the end of said outer section closest to said inner section.
4. The hoisting apparatus of claim 3 wherein said take-up means comprises preloaded followers.
5. A hoisting apparatus comprising a telescoping boom having at least two sections, including an inner section nesting within an adjacent outer section, means for supporting an object on one end of said boom, means for rotating said object about the axis of said boom, track and follower means on said sections for guiding said inner section within said adjacent outer section, and'take-up means for securely clamping said inner and outer sections together automatically when said sections are stationary, said track and follower means comprising a track on said inner section and followers on said outer section, said followers being disposed adjacent to end of said outer section closest to said inner section, said take-up means comprising a lever means including a lever on which at least two of the followers in the form of rollers are mounted, said levers pivotally mounted on said outer section, one of said tracks disposed between two of the roller followers on said lever, and means for applying a moment on said lever whereby said followers bear firmly against said track.
6. The hoisting apparatus defined in claim 5 wherein said lever means further includes a pair of said levers with said roller followers engaging said one of said tracks and a spring attached to the ends of said pair of levers and disposed on the same side of said track.
7. The hoisting apparatus as defined in claim 6 wherein said spring is attached to one of said levers of said pair closer to its pivot mount than said spring is attached to the other of said levers whereby a greater moment is placed on said other lever than on said one lever.
8. A hoisting apparatus comprising a boom, means for supporting an object on one end of said boom, means for rotating said object about the axis of said-boom, said means comprising a shaft disposed to rotate about said axis, said shaft bearing against a drive gear, said drive gear bearing against said boom, means for rotating said drive 'gear wherein said gear rotates said shaft and slides in frictional engagement across the surface of the boom on which said gear is bearing.
9. The hoisting apparatus of claim 8 wherein said boom is disposed vertically and supported from an overhead, said means for supporting said object is disposed on the lowerend of said shaft, a sleeve disposed coaxial on said boom, said shaft is disposed within said sleeve, and said gear bears against the end of said sleeve.
10. The hoisting apparatus of claim 8 wherein said boom comprises at least two telescoping sections.
11. The hoisting apparatus of claim 10 wherein track and follower means are provided on said sections for guiding one of said sections into nesting position into an adjacent section, and take-up means are provided for securely clamping said sections together automatically when said sections are stationary.
12. A hoisting apparatus in combination with an X-ray unit comprising a vertical boom supported from over head, a sleeve fixed vertically to the lower end of said boom,'a tubular shaft rotatably disposed in said sleeve, frictional drive meansdisposed between said shaft and saidsleeve, said X-ray unit fixed to the lower end of said shaft, said shaft and said X-ray unit fixed thereto being adapted and arranged for rotation about said boom axis, and a flexible conduit means extending through said tubular shaft.
13. A hoisting apparatus in combination with an X-ray unit comprising a telescoping boom having at least two sections with one of said sections nesting within an adjacent section, said unit supported on one end of said boom, said X-ray unit adapted and arranged so as to be capable of rotation about said boom axis track and follower means on said sections for guiding one of said sections within an adjacent section, said track and follower means comprising a track on said inner section and followers on said outer section, said followers being disposed adjacent the end of said outer section closest to said inner section, and take-up means for securely clamping said sections together automatically when said sections are stationary said take up means comprising a lever means including a lever on which at least two of the followers in the form of rollers are mounted, said lever pivotly mounted on said outer section, one of said track means disposed between two of the roller followers 011 said lever, and means for applying a moment on said lever whereby said followers bear firmly against said track.
14. A hoisting apparatus in combination with an X-ray unit comprising a telescoping boom having at least two sections with one of said sections nesting within an adjacent section, said unit supported on one end of said boom, track and follower means on said sections for guiding one of said sections within an adjacent section, take-up means for securely clamping said sections together automatically when said sections are stationary, means for rotating said object about the axis of said boom, said means for rotating said object comprising a shaft disposed to rotate about said axis, said shaft bearing against a drive gear, said drive gear bearing against said boom, means for rotating said drive gear wherein said gear rotates said shaft and slides in frictional engagement across the surface of the boom on which said gearis bearing;
15. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein a sleeve is disposed coaxially within the bottom end of said boom, said shaft is disposed within said sleeve, and said gear bearing against the end of said sleeve.
16. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein said boom is disposed vertically and said unit is disposed on the lower end thereof.
17. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein said track and follower means comprises a track on said inner section disposed adjacent the lower end of said outer section.
18. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein said take-up means comprises preloaded followers.
19. A hoisting apparatus in combination with an X-ray unit comprising a telescoping boom having at least two sections with one of said sections nesting within an adja cent section, said unit supported on one end of said boom, track and follower means on said sections for guiding one of said sections within an adjacent section, take-up means for securely clamping said sections together automatically when said sections are stationary, means for rotating said object about the axis of said boom, said means for rotating said object comprising a shaft disposed to rotate about said axis, said shaft bearing against a drive gear, said drive gear bearing against said boom, means for rotating said drive gear wherein said gear rotates said shaft and slides across the surface of the boom on which said gear is bearing, said track and follower means comprising a track on said inner section and followers on said outer section, said followers being disposed adjacent the lower end of said outer section, said take-up means comprising a lever means including a lever on which at least two followers in the form of rollers are mounted, said lever pivotally mounted on said outer section, one of said tracks disposed between two of said roller followers on said lever, and means for applying a moment on said lever where by said roller followers bear firmly against said track.
20. The apparatus defined in claim 19 wherein said lever means further includes a pair of said levers with said roller followers engaging each one of said tracks, and a spring attached to said pair of levers disposed on the same side of said track.
21. The apparatus defined in claim 20 wherein said spring is attached to one of said levers of said pair closer to its pivot mount than said spring is attached to other of said levers whereby a greater moment is placed on said other lever than on said one lever.
22. The apparatus defined in claim 21 wherein at least said lever means further includes a pair of said levers with said followers engaging each one of said tracks, and a spring attached to the ends of said pair of levers and disposed on the same side of said track.
23. The apparatus defined in claim 22 wherein said boom comprises at least three telescoping sections, and positive control means are provided to move at least three adjacent sections in a controlled manner with re spect to each other.
24. The apparatus defined in claim 23 wherein said positive control means comprises two spaced pulleys on a center section, and an endless rope engaging said pulley with the outer and inner section from said center section being attached to said rope.
25. A hoisting apparatus in combination with an X-ray unit comprising a telescoping boom having at least two sections, one of said sections nesting within an adjacent section, said unit supported on one end of said boom, track and follower means on said sections for guiding one of said sections within an adjacent section, take-up means for securely clamping said sections together automatically when said sections are stationary, a sleeve fixed vertically to the lower end of said boom, a shaft rotatably disposed in said sleeve, a flange on said shaft bearing against said sleeve, said X-ray unit fixed to lower end of said shaft, said track and follower means comprising a track on said inner section and followers on said outer section, said followers being disposed adjacent the lower end of said outer section, said take-up means comprising a lever means including a lever on which at least two followers are mounted, said lever pivotally mounted on said outer section, one of said tracks disposed between two of said followers on said lever, and means for applying a moment on said lever whereby said followers bear firmly against said track.
26. The apparatus defined in claim 25 wherein said followers are in the form of rollers.
27. A hoisting apparatus comprising a telescoping boom having at least three sections, said sections being coaxially disposed and including an inner section and an adjacent outer section, means for supporting an object on one end of said boom, means for rotating said object about the axis of said boom, track and follower means on said sections for guiding said inner section within said adjacent outer section; and take-up means for securely clamping said inner and outer sections together automatically when said sections are stationary, and positive control means being provided to move said three sections of said boom in a positive controlled manner with respect to each other.
28. The apparatus defined in claim 27 wherein said positive control means comprises two spaced pulleys mounted on said inner section, an endless rope engaging said pulley, and said two other sections of said three sections being attached to said rope.
29. A hoisting apparatus comprising a telescoping boom having at least two sections including an inner section nesting within an adjacent outer section, means for supporting an object on one end of said boom, means for rotating said object about the axis of said boom, track and follower means on said sections for guiding said inner section within said adjacent outer section, and take-up means for securely clamping said inner and outer sections together automatically when said sections are stationary, said means for rotating the object about the axis of said boom including a friction bearing portion.
30. The apparatus defined in claim 29 wherein said means for rotating said object about the axis of said 10 boom including said friction bearing portion comprises a shaft disposed to rotate about said axis, said shaft bearing against a drive gear, said drive gear bearing against said boom and means for rotating said drive gear, said gear rotating said shaft and said gear sliding on the surface of the boom on which said gear is bearing.
31. A hoisting apparatus in combination with an X-ray unit comprising a telescoping boom having at least two coaxial sections with one of said sections nesting within an adjacent section, said unit supported on one end of said boom, track and follower means on said sections for guiding one of said sections Within an adjacent section, take-up means for securely clamping: said sections together automatically when said sections are stationary, a sleeve fixed vertically to the lower end of said boom,
a shaft rotatably disposed in said sleeve, a flange on said shaft bearing against said sleeve, said X-ray unit fixed to the lower end of said shaft.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,265,086 12/41 Spiro 308--6 X 2,659,827 11/53 Scag et a1 250-91 2,737,596 3/56 Haupt et al 250-91 2,835,520 5/58 Schiring et a1.
2,841,717 7/58 Kizaur 250-92 2,876,362 3/59 Foderaro 25091 3,061,111 10/62 Riemenscherider 212-21 RALPH G. NILSON, Primary Examiner.

Claims (1)

1. A HOISTING APPARATUS COMPRISING A TELESCOPING BOOM HAVING AT LEAST TWO COAXIAL SECTIONS INCLUDING AN INNER SECTION NESTING WITHIN AN OUTER ADJACENT SECTION, MEANS FOR SUPPORTING AN OBJECT ON ONE END OF SAID BOOM, MEANS FOR ROTATING SAID OBJECT ABOUT THE AXIS OF SAID BOOM TRACK AND FOLLOWER MEANS ON SAID SECTIONS FOR GUIDING SAID INNER SECTION WITHIN SAID ADJACENT OUTER SECTION, AND TAKEUP MEANS FOR SECURELY CLAMPING SAID INNER AND OUTER SECTIONS TOGETHER AUTOMATICALLY WHEN SAID SECTIONS ARE STATIONARY SAID TAKE-UP MEANS ALSO SUBSTANTIALLY RESTRICT TRANSVERSE RELATIVE MOTION, WITH RESPECT TO THE BOOM AXIS, BETWEEN SAID SECTIONS BOTH WHEN SAID SECTIONS ARE MOVING RELATIVE TO ONE ANOTHER AND WHEN SAID SECTIONS ARE STATIONARY.
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