US20140150659A1 - Erosion-resistant conductive composite material collecting electrode for wesp - Google Patents
Erosion-resistant conductive composite material collecting electrode for wesp Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20140150659A1 US20140150659A1 US14/007,666 US201214007666A US2014150659A1 US 20140150659 A1 US20140150659 A1 US 20140150659A1 US 201214007666 A US201214007666 A US 201214007666A US 2014150659 A1 US2014150659 A1 US 2014150659A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- erosion
- collecting electrode
- composite material
- wesp
- conductive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000012719 wet electrostatic precipitator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012717 electrostatic precipitator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012716 precipitator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010964 304L stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005367 electrostatic precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006241 epoxy vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009730 filament winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009755 vacuum infusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
- B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
- B03C3/53—Liquid, or liquid-film, electrodes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
- B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D49/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by other methods
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
- B03C3/16—Plant or installations having external electricity supply wet type
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
- B03C3/41—Ionising-electrodes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
- B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
- B03C3/49—Collecting-electrodes tubular
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
- B03C3/60—Use of special materials other than liquids
- B03C3/64—Use of special materials other than liquids synthetic resins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
- A61L9/16—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using physical phenomena
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
- B03C2201/08—Ionising electrode being a rod
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
- B03C2201/10—Ionising electrode has multiple serrated ends or parts
Definitions
- the present invention is concerned with conductive composite material for wet electrostatic precipitator (WESP) applications.
- wet electrostatic precipitators have been used for many years to remove dust, acid mist and other particulates from water-saturated air and other gases by electrostatic means.
- particulates and/or mist laden water-saturated air flows in a region of the precipitator between discharge and collecting electrodes, where the particulates and/or mist are electrically charged by corona emitted from high voltage discharge electrodes.
- the charged particulate matter and/or mist is electrostatically attracted to grounded collecting plates or electrodes where it is collected.
- the accumulated materials are continuously washed off by both an irrigating film of water and periodic flushing.
- WESPs are used to remove pollutants from gas streams exhausting from various industrial sources, such as incinerators, wood products manufacturing, coke ovens, glass furnaces, non-ferrous metallurgical plants, coal-fired electricity generation plants, forest product facilities, food drying plants and petrochemical plants.
- Such materials generally comprise carbon fiber with a thermosetting resin in a cross-linked structure.
- the electrically conductive composite material utilized herein is a conductive composite material designed for highly corrosive operating conditions including dry and saturated mist environments with elevated temperatures.
- the composite material is a blend of carbon fibers and thermosetting resins developed for wet electrostatic precipitation, where such materials are subjected to corona voltage flash over, spark, erosion, corrosion and power arc.
- the composite material comprises carbon fiber within a thermosetting resin where extremely strong molecular building blocks form totally cross-linked structures bonded to each other and at interconnects.
- the resultant network has proven to withstand high voltage current after the onset of corona in the tubes of the electrostatic precipitator, obtaining voltage flash over without pitting the conductive hybrid composite material.
- Such spark resistance and arc-over may be generated at a voltage of approximately 60 to 95 KV at up to 500 to 1000 milliamps for a duration of approximately 1 millisecond.
- the composite material is also resistant to sustained arcing with a duration of up to 4 to 5 seconds.
- the carbon fibers woven into a seamless biaxial material sleeve creates a dense network imparting electrical conductivity and thermal dispersion within thermosetting resins.
- Strong molecular building blocks form totally cross-linked structures bonded to each other and as interconnects, producing a three-dimensional network, stitched through the thickness of the laminate.
- the carbon fibers are woven into seamless biaxial and triaxial material. This arrangement imparts excellent electrical conductivity and superior thermal dispersion through the laminate.
- the conductive hybrid composite material also provides further advantages as a material of construction, reducing the dead load weight by one half or more, due to the lightweight and high strength qualities of carbon fiber which results in economic benefits before installation especially beneficial for tube bundles made from stainless steel and even higher grades of titanium.
- the composite may be prepared by weaving, stitching, alignment through vibration using frequency while the material may be formed into shapes that are tubes and sheets by prior art processes known as vacuum infusion, pultrusion, filament winding and autoclaving.
- the conductive composite material overcomes the problems of corrosion affecting stainless steel, alloys and titanium within a highly corrosive environment, saturated mists and elevated temperatures, by improving on prior art thermosetting resins and carbon fiberglass compositions that cannot withstand the corona voltage flash over and power arcs at up to 100,000 Volts.
- the erosion direction and density on the WESP collecting electrodes prepared from such electrically-conductive, corrosion resistant and temperature and spark resistant material can be controlled by controlling the weave pattern of the carbon fibers and fabric thickness.
- a tighter weave creates a greater density of erosion lines in the collecting electrode while thicker carbon fiber fabrics create erosion lines with fewer turns and branching.
- a collecting electrode comprises of an electrically-conductive, corrosion resistant and temperature and spark resistant composite material comprising carbon fiber in a cross-linked thermosetting resin, wherein erosion direction and density on the electrode is controlled.
- the control of the erosion density and direction may be effected by controlling the weave pattern and/or fabric thickness of the carbon fibers.
- the carbon fibers preferably are woven in a 2 ⁇ 2 twill arrangement, but other weave patterns may be used, such as 4 ⁇ 4 twill, plain weave and satin weave, may be used.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic of power-arc testing rig used to evaluate samples for power-arc resistance
- FIGS. 2 to 6 are photographs taken with an optical microscope of samples tested as described in the Examples below.
- a single 3 m long 250 mm hexagonal collecting tube was set up on a laboratory test stand, powered by a 50 kV, 8 mA NWL transformer/rectifier (T/R) set.
- a capacitor bank was installed in parallel with the hexagonal tube.
- the capacitance was equivalent to approximately 277 tubes, each 5 m long and 250 mm equivalent diameter.
- a pointed discharge spike was installed on the mast (emitting) electrode, adjacent to which composite samples were mounted on the test collecting tube. Power arcs generated approximately 67 Joules to be dissipated at the point of arc contact on the sample.
- the controller on the T/R set was such that arcs could be counted.
- This Example shows the effect of fiber weave pattern and fabric thickness on erosion density and direction.
- Example 1 and Sample 2 Four samples of composite materials were formed into collecting electrodes and arranged in the power-arc testing rig illustrated in FIG. 1 .
- Two of the samples were made from woven 2 ⁇ 2 twill carbon fibre with a high heat distortion temperature, corrosion resistant, epoxy vinyl ester resin (Sample 1 and Sample 2).
- An additional two samples (Sample B1-A and B1-B) were identically constructed from 1 ⁇ 4 twill carbon fibre fabric and subjected to 3000 and 13000 arcs. After arc testing, the samples were anlayzed under an optical microscope to further understand the mechanism providing the carbon composite laminates with their high level of arc endurance.
- FIG. 2 shows a top view and FIG. 3 a cross sectional view of a typical arc pinhole that were found at the perimeter of the testing areas.
- Crude surface erosion area estimate was performed on Sample 1 giving 200 to 1400 arcs per mm 2 of surface erosion.
- the amount of arc erosion in Sample 1 was comparatively close to Sample B1-A with 3000 arcs.
- the cross section of the erosion running in bundle of transverse direction of the fibers was found to be well defined “V” ( FIG. 5 ) with a depth of the observed burns ranging from 46 to 113 ⁇ m with an opening of 39 to 285 ⁇ m.
- the maximum erosion depth observed was relatively small, with only 3.9% of the laminate thickness and 15.6% of the surface lamina thickness eroded.
- the cross section of the erosion running in longitudinal direction of the tow was found to be less well defined ( FIG. 6 ).
- the length of the observed burns were around 380 ⁇ m with varying depth across its length.
- Sample 2 with 10041 arcs, had an additional trend from those seen in Sample 1, with 2120 arcs (see FIG. 4 ).
- This Example shows the arc performance of joints between WESP components.
- the adhesive bonding of sub components is a major aspect in the assembly of the new WESP design.
- two sample plaques were bonded together using a conductive bonding formulation.
- One sample had a joint line as thin as possible ( ⁇ 0.25 mm) and another had a thick joint line (approximately 1.25 mm).
- Two corrosion resistant conductive bonding formulations were tested, one variant with a blend of conductive carbon fibers and another with a carbon nanotubes/conductive carbon fiber blend, which was formulated to the same material cost point as the first.
- the substrate plaques Prior to applying the bonding formulation, the substrate plaques were sanded to remove insulative surface resin. The sanding stopped once 80% of the surface showed anisotropic reflection caused by the exposure of the carbon fibers. The conductivity of the surface was tested in multiple locations to confirm that the majority of the insulative resin was removed.
- electrically-conductive, corrosion resistant and temperature and spark resistant composite materials comprising carbon fibre and thermosetting cross-linked resin have improved arc resistance in terms of erosion density and direction by controlling the weave pattern and fabric thickness. Modifications are possible within the scope of this invention.
Abstract
Description
- The present invention is concerned with conductive composite material for wet electrostatic precipitator (WESP) applications.
- Wet electrostatic precipitators have been used for many years to remove dust, acid mist and other particulates from water-saturated air and other gases by electrostatic means. In a WESP, particulates and/or mist laden water-saturated air flows in a region of the precipitator between discharge and collecting electrodes, where the particulates and/or mist are electrically charged by corona emitted from high voltage discharge electrodes. As the water-saturated gas flows further within the WESP, the charged particulate matter and/or mist is electrostatically attracted to grounded collecting plates or electrodes where it is collected. The accumulated materials are continuously washed off by both an irrigating film of water and periodic flushing.
- WESPs are used to remove pollutants from gas streams exhausting from various industrial sources, such as incinerators, wood products manufacturing, coke ovens, glass furnaces, non-ferrous metallurgical plants, coal-fired electricity generation plants, forest product facilities, food drying plants and petrochemical plants.
- Traditionally, the collecting surfaces and other parts of electrostatic precipitators exposed to the process gas stream have been fabricated from carbon steel, stainless steel, corrosion and temperature resistant alloys and lead. However, such materials tend to corrode and/or degrade over time especially when the precipitators are used in severe environments. Carbon and stainless steel tend to corrode or erode under severe acid conditions. Reinforced thermoplastics tend to erode and/or delaminate due to severe corrosive conditions and localized high temperature in regions of sparking.
- Other methods have been used to fabricate collecting surfaces involving the use of plastic materials; however, these materials rely on a continuous water film to ensure electrical grounding of the equipment, which has proved to be a problem. PVC, polypropylene and other similar materials have been used but have suffered from holes and flashover-induced fires and, therefore, are not widely used.
- In PCT publications Nos. WO2008/154,735 and WO2010/108,256, assigned to the assignee hereof and incorporated herein by reference, there is described electrically-conductive, corrosion resistant and temperature and spark resistant composite material with good heat dissipation for use in the fabricating components used in WESPs . Such materials generally comprise carbon fiber with a thermosetting resin in a cross-linked structure.
- As described therein, the electrically conductive composite material utilized herein is a conductive composite material designed for highly corrosive operating conditions including dry and saturated mist environments with elevated temperatures. The composite material is a blend of carbon fibers and thermosetting resins developed for wet electrostatic precipitation, where such materials are subjected to corona voltage flash over, spark, erosion, corrosion and power arc.
- In particular, the composite material comprises carbon fiber within a thermosetting resin where extremely strong molecular building blocks form totally cross-linked structures bonded to each other and at interconnects. The resultant network has proven to withstand high voltage current after the onset of corona in the tubes of the electrostatic precipitator, obtaining voltage flash over without pitting the conductive hybrid composite material. Such spark resistance and arc-over may be generated at a voltage of approximately 60 to 95 KV at up to 500 to 1000 milliamps for a duration of approximately 1 millisecond. The composite material is also resistant to sustained arcing with a duration of up to 4 to 5 seconds. These properties are highly desirable to minimize corrosion and restrict high intensity heat generation and to prevent structural, mechanical or chemical changes to the conductive hybrid composite material.
- The carbon fibers woven into a seamless biaxial material sleeve creates a dense network imparting electrical conductivity and thermal dispersion within thermosetting resins.
- Strong molecular building blocks form totally cross-linked structures bonded to each other and as interconnects, producing a three-dimensional network, stitched through the thickness of the laminate. The carbon fibers are woven into seamless biaxial and triaxial material. This arrangement imparts excellent electrical conductivity and superior thermal dispersion through the laminate.
- In addition to the electro-conductive characteristics and excellent corrosion resistant properties, the conductive hybrid composite material also provides further advantages as a material of construction, reducing the dead load weight by one half or more, due to the lightweight and high strength qualities of carbon fiber which results in economic benefits before installation especially beneficial for tube bundles made from stainless steel and even higher grades of titanium.
- The composite may be prepared by weaving, stitching, alignment through vibration using frequency while the material may be formed into shapes that are tubes and sheets by prior art processes known as vacuum infusion, pultrusion, filament winding and autoclaving.
- The conductive composite material overcomes the problems of corrosion affecting stainless steel, alloys and titanium within a highly corrosive environment, saturated mists and elevated temperatures, by improving on prior art thermosetting resins and carbon fiberglass compositions that cannot withstand the corona voltage flash over and power arcs at up to 100,000 Volts.
- It has now been found that the erosion direction and density on the WESP collecting electrodes prepared from such electrically-conductive, corrosion resistant and temperature and spark resistant material can be controlled by controlling the weave pattern of the carbon fibers and fabric thickness. In this regard, a tighter weave creates a greater density of erosion lines in the collecting electrode while thicker carbon fiber fabrics create erosion lines with fewer turns and branching.
- Accordingly, in one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a collecting electrode comprises of an electrically-conductive, corrosion resistant and temperature and spark resistant composite material comprising carbon fiber in a cross-linked thermosetting resin, wherein erosion direction and density on the electrode is controlled.
- The control of the erosion density and direction may be effected by controlling the weave pattern and/or fabric thickness of the carbon fibers. The carbon fibers preferably are woven in a 2×2 twill arrangement, but other weave patterns may be used, such as 4×4 twill, plain weave and satin weave, may be used.
-
FIG. 1 is a schematic of power-arc testing rig used to evaluate samples for power-arc resistance; and -
FIGS. 2 to 6 are photographs taken with an optical microscope of samples tested as described in the Examples below. - Referring to
FIG. 1 , a single 3 m long 250 mm hexagonal collecting tube was set up on a laboratory test stand, powered by a 50 kV, 8 mA NWL transformer/rectifier (T/R) set. - A capacitor bank was installed in parallel with the hexagonal tube. The capacitance was equivalent to approximately 277 tubes, each 5 m long and 250 mm equivalent diameter. A pointed discharge spike was installed on the mast (emitting) electrode, adjacent to which composite samples were mounted on the test collecting tube. Power arcs generated approximately 67 Joules to be dissipated at the point of arc contact on the sample. The controller on the T/R set was such that arcs could be counted. These power arcs were robust in nature and sufficiently loud that the integrated arc count reading on the controller could be verified using a stopwatch and manual spark count.
- This Example describes the test results obtained for 304L stainless steel (SS304L).
- A sample constructed of SS304L was tested in the test rig of FIG. 1 for comparison purposes. It was found that 3400 arcs caused pitting, 10000 arcs caused severe pitting and metal damage, and 13000 arcs resulted in extensive metal damage. The damage at 10000 arcs was quite significant. This level of arcing is not normally experienced in full scale WESP operation. This level was arbitrarily used as the standard for further arc resistance comparative testing.
- This Example shows the effect of fiber weave pattern and fabric thickness on erosion density and direction.
- Four samples of composite materials were formed into collecting electrodes and arranged in the power-arc testing rig illustrated in
FIG. 1 . Two of the samples were made from woven 2×2 twill carbon fibre with a high heat distortion temperature, corrosion resistant, epoxy vinyl ester resin (Sample 1 and Sample 2). An additional two samples (Sample B1-A and B1-B) were identically constructed from 1×4 twill carbon fibre fabric and subjected to 3000 and 13000 arcs. After arc testing, the samples were anlayzed under an optical microscope to further understand the mechanism providing the carbon composite laminates with their high level of arc endurance. - Overall, the total amount of electrical arc erosion in all of the samples was relatively small compared to the total surface area tested and the thickness of the laminate.
FIG. 2 shows a top view andFIG. 3 a cross sectional view of a typical arc pinhole that were found at the perimeter of the testing areas. Crude surface erosion area estimate was performed on Sample 1 giving 200 to 1400 arcs per mm2 of surface erosion. The amount of arc erosion in Sample 1 was comparatively close to Sample B1-A with 3000 arcs. - In Sample 1, the cross section of the erosion running in bundle of transverse direction of the fibers was found to be well defined “V” (
FIG. 5 ) with a depth of the observed burns ranging from 46 to 113 μm with an opening of 39 to 285 μm. The maximum erosion depth observed was relatively small, with only 3.9% of the laminate thickness and 15.6% of the surface lamina thickness eroded. The cross section of the erosion running in longitudinal direction of the tow was found to be less well defined (FIG. 6 ). The length of the observed burns were around 380 μm with varying depth across its length. - With the addition of more arcs (Sample 1 @2120 arcs vs. Sample 2 @10041 arcs), the majority of the traits previously seen were duplicated; however, the length and width of the erosion increased and the maximum observed cross sectional depth of an erosion increased to 364.2 μm. This translates to 11% of the laminate and ⅔ of the surface lamina.
- With Samples 1 and 2, the agglomeration of arc erosion formed straight lines running transversely to the targeted surface tow (see
FIG. 4 ). The erosion in the 2×2 twill samples had a tendency to erode in two parallel lines (pairs of lines circled inFIG. 4 . Each of these erosion lines were associated with a corresponding tow in the layer beneath. InFIG. 4 , dotted lines were drawn following both edges of a single tow in the weft and a single tow in the warp direction. Following these tows it was possible to see how the cycling of two up and two down twill pattern controls the direction of the erosion lines. - Sample 2, with 10041 arcs, had an additional trend from those seen in Sample 1, with 2120 arcs (see
FIG. 4 ). Once the erosion depth reached tows beneath which are running in the opposite fabric direction, the path of the erosion changed to be transverse to that of the newly targeted tow. This created right angle turns and branches in the erosion lines running in either the warp or weft directions. - As for the 1×4 Twill samples, the difference between the arc erosion of Samples B1-A and B1-B (1×4 Twill) and the previously discussed Samples 1 and 2 (2×2 Twill) was the location of the main erosion concentrations. Sample B1-A and B1-B erosion was focused mainly on the tows of the fabric running in the Twill-1 direction and the Twill-4 direction was relatively clear of any major erosion. In contrast to this Sample 1 (2×2 Twill), arc erosion were evenly distributed on both the warp and the weft directions.
- The above findings provide the possibility of controlling the erosion density and direction by controlling the fabric weave pattern and the fabric thickness. As seen in Sample 2, each crossover point in the weave contained one erosion line. Hence it can be concluded that a tighter weave creates a greater density of erosion lines. Thicker fabrics will also create erosion lines with fewer turns and branching.
- After arc testing of Sample 2 (10041 arcs) the only observation to the naked eye was surface discoloration caused by the sample's loss of luster, or sheen. Since the damage was so small, it was concluded that the new conductive composite has better resistance to arc erosion than SS304L.
- This Example shows the arc performance of joints between WESP components.
- In the assembly of a WESP from composite carbon fibre materials, components are adhered together using a bonding formulation. The assembly of such WESPs is described in PCT publication No. WO 2011/029186, assigned to the assignee hereof and the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Formulations for use as the adhesive are described in PCT publication No. WO 2011/147016, assigned to the assignee hereof and the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
- The adhesive bonding of sub components is a major aspect in the assembly of the new WESP design. To evaluate arc performance of the joint, two sample plaques were bonded together using a conductive bonding formulation. One sample had a joint line as thin as possible (<0.25 mm) and another had a thick joint line (approximately 1.25 mm).
- Two corrosion resistant conductive bonding formulations were tested, one variant with a blend of conductive carbon fibers and another with a carbon nanotubes/conductive carbon fiber blend, which was formulated to the same material cost point as the first.
- Prior to applying the bonding formulation, the substrate plaques were sanded to remove insulative surface resin. The sanding stopped once 80% of the surface showed anisotropic reflection caused by the exposure of the carbon fibers. The conductivity of the surface was tested in multiple locations to confirm that the majority of the insulative resin was removed.
- The joints were subjected to 10000 power arcs in the test facility at an electrical condition approximating the full-scale application. Visual observations showed similar arc erosion to the non-bonded laminates, discussed above.
- In summary of this disclosure, electrically-conductive, corrosion resistant and temperature and spark resistant composite materials comprising carbon fibre and thermosetting cross-linked resin have improved arc resistance in terms of erosion density and direction by controlling the weave pattern and fabric thickness. Modifications are possible within the scope of this invention.
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/007,666 US9387487B2 (en) | 2011-03-28 | 2012-03-28 | Erosion-resistant conductive composite material collecting electrode for WESP |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201161468199P | 2011-03-28 | 2011-03-28 | |
US14/007,666 US9387487B2 (en) | 2011-03-28 | 2012-03-28 | Erosion-resistant conductive composite material collecting electrode for WESP |
PCT/CA2012/000277 WO2012129656A1 (en) | 2011-03-28 | 2012-03-28 | Erosion-resistant conductive composite material collecting electrode for wesp |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20140150659A1 true US20140150659A1 (en) | 2014-06-05 |
US9387487B2 US9387487B2 (en) | 2016-07-12 |
Family
ID=46929247
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US14/007,666 Active US9387487B2 (en) | 2011-03-28 | 2012-03-28 | Erosion-resistant conductive composite material collecting electrode for WESP |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9387487B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2691181A4 (en) |
JP (2) | JP6089026B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101993177B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN103764293A (en) |
BR (1) | BR112013024727B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2831174C (en) |
IL (1) | IL228596A0 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2613650C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012129656A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10792673B2 (en) | 2018-12-13 | 2020-10-06 | Agentis Air Llc | Electrostatic air cleaner |
US10828646B2 (en) | 2016-07-18 | 2020-11-10 | Agentis Air Llc | Electrostatic air filter |
US10875034B2 (en) | 2018-12-13 | 2020-12-29 | Agentis Air Llc | Electrostatic precipitator |
US10882053B2 (en) | 2016-06-14 | 2021-01-05 | Agentis Air Llc | Electrostatic air filter |
US10960407B2 (en) | 2016-06-14 | 2021-03-30 | Agentis Air Llc | Collecting electrode |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11027289B2 (en) * | 2011-12-09 | 2021-06-08 | Durr Systems Inc. | Wet electrostatic precipitator system components |
CN105536993B (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2017-12-12 | 山东大学 | A kind of preparation method for being used for steel anode plate surface modifying with the gluing glass fibre of epoxy resin layer |
WO2019019762A1 (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2019-01-31 | 国家能源投资集团有限责任公司 | Fabric substrate and flue gas co-purification device |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6106592A (en) * | 1998-03-17 | 2000-08-22 | Monsanto Company | Wet electrostatic filtration process and apparatus for cleaning a gas stream |
US6231643B1 (en) * | 1998-06-17 | 2001-05-15 | Ohio University | Membrane electrostatic precipitator |
US20020090873A1 (en) * | 2001-01-10 | 2002-07-11 | Henry Moody | Carbon composites with silicon based resin to inhibit oxidation |
Family Cites Families (140)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1322163A (en) | 1919-11-18 | Electbode | ||
CA643389A (en) | 1962-06-19 | British Columbia Research Council | Method of deodorizing sulfide-containing gases | |
US710655A (en) | 1901-04-24 | 1902-10-07 | John Angell | Steam-separator. |
US687109A (en) | 1901-07-16 | 1901-11-19 | Clarence M Baum | Vertical steam-separator. |
US1399422A (en) | 1918-03-09 | 1921-12-06 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Electrical precipitating system |
US1602597A (en) | 1922-10-27 | 1926-10-12 | Edwin G Staude | Means for abrading carton blanks |
US1773973A (en) | 1925-07-14 | 1930-08-26 | Edgar Robert | Remote control apparatus for miniature boats |
US1793664A (en) | 1926-12-11 | 1931-02-24 | Int Precipitation Co | Apparatus for electrical precipitation of suspended material from gases |
US1813637A (en) | 1927-09-20 | 1931-07-07 | Direct Separator Company Inc | Separator |
US1773073A (en) | 1927-11-28 | 1930-08-12 | Edward J Beach | Oil separator |
US2357355A (en) | 1941-05-13 | 1944-09-05 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Electrical dust precipitator utilizing liquid sprays |
GB556939A (en) | 1941-05-13 | 1943-10-28 | Westinghouse Electric Int Co | Improved method of and apparatus for removing dust or other foreign particles from gas or air |
GB553420A (en) | 1942-02-09 | 1943-05-20 | Int Precipitation Co | Improvements in or relating to apparatus for the electrical precipitation of suspended particles from gaseous fluids |
US2567709A (en) | 1948-08-18 | 1951-09-11 | Research Corp | Electrical precipitator with dual discharge electrodes |
US2720551A (en) | 1950-09-11 | 1955-10-11 | Svenska Flaektfabriken Ab | Cleaning arrangement for electrode housing |
US2696892A (en) | 1951-06-08 | 1954-12-14 | California Portland Cement Co | Gas humidifying and electrical precipitation system |
US2806896A (en) | 1952-04-22 | 1957-09-17 | Research Corp | Insulator compartment and control therefor |
US2794847A (en) | 1952-04-22 | 1957-06-04 | Research Corp | Insulator compartment and control therefor |
US2712362A (en) | 1952-05-29 | 1955-07-05 | Apra Precipitator Corp | Combined scraper and rapper for electrostatic precipitator |
US2830869A (en) | 1954-12-08 | 1958-04-15 | Limerick Jack Mck | Method of eliminating odors in kraft pulp mill operation |
US2935375A (en) | 1956-02-17 | 1960-05-03 | Gulton Ind Inc | Method of purifying a gaseous current containing an aerosol |
US3046716A (en) | 1959-05-14 | 1962-07-31 | Apra Precipitator Corp | Electrodes and shields |
US3716966A (en) | 1960-08-31 | 1973-02-20 | Electronatom Corp | Wet elecrostatic precipitator |
US3104963A (en) | 1960-09-29 | 1963-09-24 | Newport News S & D Co | Moisture separator apparatus |
CH408075A (en) | 1962-05-19 | 1966-02-28 | Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag | Method and device for cooling and humidifying a hot gas stream |
US3297903A (en) | 1963-10-18 | 1967-01-10 | Union Carbide Corp | Threaded joint for arc carbons |
US3403497A (en) | 1966-03-11 | 1968-10-01 | Allied Chem | Process and apparatus for liquid/gas separation |
US3495123A (en) | 1967-12-29 | 1970-02-10 | Ball Brothers Co Inc | Electrode structure |
NL164761C (en) | 1968-10-04 | 1981-02-16 | Hoechst Ag | Device for the passage of a voltage supply conductor through the lid of an electrostatic filter. |
US3584440A (en) | 1969-03-19 | 1971-06-15 | Chemical Construction Corp | Concentric annular venturi gas scrubber |
US3605386A (en) | 1970-06-16 | 1971-09-20 | Air Pollution Research & Devel | Furnace exhaust pollution eliminator |
US3721069A (en) | 1970-08-10 | 1973-03-20 | R Walker | Air-oil separator |
US3798883A (en) | 1970-08-27 | 1974-03-26 | Fuller Co | Gas scrubber, entrainment separator and combination thereof |
US3745751A (en) | 1970-10-26 | 1973-07-17 | American Standard Inc | Sulfur dioxide collection system |
GB1361905A (en) | 1971-06-18 | 1974-07-30 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Earthing device for an electrostatic precipitator |
DE2134576C3 (en) | 1971-07-10 | 1975-10-30 | Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Tube n-Na electrostatic precipitator |
GB1413127A (en) | 1972-12-28 | 1975-11-05 | Holmes Co Ltd W C | Gas cleaning apparatus |
ZA744247B (en) | 1973-08-31 | 1975-06-25 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Electrostatic precipitator made of plastics material |
US3883328A (en) | 1973-11-29 | 1975-05-13 | Raymond G Spain | Carbon fiber electrodes for electrical precipitators |
JPS521574A (en) | 1975-06-23 | 1977-01-07 | Chiyoda Kenkyu Kaihatsu:Kk | Mist removing device |
JPS5260475A (en) * | 1975-11-13 | 1977-05-18 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | Electrode plate manufacturing method |
US4117255A (en) | 1976-04-30 | 1978-09-26 | Hitachi Plant Engineering & Construction | Insulator bushing for high voltage input |
SE396192B (en) | 1976-06-01 | 1977-09-12 | Advanced Mineral Res | PROCEDURE FOR PURIFICATION OF SUBSTANTIAL GAS |
JPS5311373A (en) * | 1976-07-19 | 1978-02-01 | Toyo Ink Mfg Co | Conductive plate manufacturing method |
JPS5333251A (en) * | 1976-09-09 | 1978-03-29 | Nippon Synthetic Chem Ind Co Ltd:The | Crosslinkable composition |
DE2641114C3 (en) | 1976-09-13 | 1981-05-14 | Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Process for the production of a plastic electrostatic precipitator in honeycomb form |
US4070424A (en) | 1976-09-21 | 1978-01-24 | Uop Inc. | Method and apparatus for conditioning flue gas with a mist of H2 SO4 |
DE2810970C3 (en) | 1978-03-14 | 1980-09-11 | Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen Ag, 7990 Friedrichshafen | Hydrostatic power steering device for vehicles |
US4177047A (en) | 1978-07-27 | 1979-12-04 | Joy Manufacturing Company | Electrostatic precipitators |
DE2913104C2 (en) | 1979-04-02 | 1984-09-13 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | Method of operating a device for guiding a voltage supply conductor through the cover of an electrostatic precipitator |
JPS55165157A (en) | 1979-06-08 | 1980-12-23 | Hisashi Kato | Dust collecting electrode plate for electrostatic precipitator |
FR2486874A1 (en) | 1979-07-19 | 1982-01-22 | United Kingdom Government | IMPROVED HONEYCOMB STRUCTURE AND MANUFACTURING METHOD |
US4247307A (en) | 1979-09-21 | 1981-01-27 | Union Carbide Corporation | High intensity ionization-wet collection method and apparatus |
US4294591A (en) | 1980-05-12 | 1981-10-13 | Envirotech Corporation | Mounting for high-voltage electrode support frame in an electrostatic precipitator |
US4375364A (en) | 1980-08-21 | 1983-03-01 | Research-Cottrell, Inc. | Rigid discharge electrode for electrical precipitators |
SU967576A1 (en) * | 1981-03-25 | 1982-10-23 | Центральный научно-исследовательский институт оловянной промышленности | Composition material for depositing electrodes of electric filters |
JPS57194001U (en) | 1981-06-03 | 1982-12-09 | ||
US4360367A (en) | 1981-08-25 | 1982-11-23 | Dresser Industries, Inc. | Discharge electrode assembly and its manufacture |
US4505776A (en) | 1982-07-08 | 1985-03-19 | Wescam Services Inc. | Composition and method for treating flue gas and methanol containing effluents |
US4431617A (en) | 1982-07-09 | 1984-02-14 | Farin William G | Methods for removing malodorous sulfur compounds from pulp mill flue gases and the like by using green liquor |
US4439216A (en) | 1982-07-28 | 1984-03-27 | Combustion Engineering, Inc. | Electrostatic precipitator having apparatus for sensing electrostatic field strengths |
DE3301772A1 (en) | 1983-01-20 | 1984-07-26 | Walther & Cie AG, 5000 Köln | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE REGULATION OF AN ELECTROSTATIC FILTER |
EP0118239B1 (en) | 1983-02-24 | 1990-08-01 | Westland Group plc | Carbon fibre structures |
JPS60149449A (en) | 1984-01-17 | 1985-08-06 | 日立化成工業株式会社 | Manufacture of composite material |
SU1243772A1 (en) * | 1984-07-27 | 1986-07-15 | Предприятие П/Я А-7113 | Method of producing sedimentation electrodes of electric precipitator |
US4601731A (en) | 1985-07-02 | 1986-07-22 | Koch Engineering Company, Inc. | Chevron-type mist eliminator and method |
US4885139A (en) | 1985-08-22 | 1989-12-05 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency | Combined electrostatic precipitator and acidic gas removal system |
CH667879A5 (en) | 1985-10-28 | 1988-11-15 | Sulzer Ag | FERMENTATION PLANT. |
JPS62226573A (en) * | 1986-03-28 | 1987-10-05 | Toray Ind Inc | Electrode material for battery |
JPH0696131B2 (en) | 1986-10-14 | 1994-11-30 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Electrostatic precipitator electrode support device |
US5023064A (en) | 1987-03-02 | 1991-06-11 | Turbotak Inc. | Method for removing sulfur oxide |
GB8710685D0 (en) | 1987-05-06 | 1987-06-10 | Turbotak Inc | Cluster nozzles |
US4908047A (en) | 1987-10-09 | 1990-03-13 | Kerr-Mcgee Coal Corporation | Soot removal from exhaust gas |
JPH01258754A (en) | 1988-04-08 | 1989-10-16 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | Shielding plate for electrostatic precipitator and electrostatic precipitator |
DE3816717A1 (en) | 1988-05-17 | 1989-11-30 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | SPRAY ELECTRODE FOR ELECTROSTATIC DUST SEPARATORS |
SE462421B (en) | 1988-11-04 | 1990-06-25 | Boliden Contech Ab | DEVICE OF WATER ELECTROFILTER |
US5230161A (en) | 1989-03-28 | 1993-07-27 | Haden Schweitzer Corporation | Apparatus and process for generating radiant energy |
DE3927701A1 (en) | 1989-08-25 | 1991-02-28 | Gnii Cvetnych Metallov Gincvet | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PURIFYING A GAS WITH SOLID AND GASEOUS ADDITIVES |
CA2001990C (en) | 1989-11-01 | 1999-08-17 | Gordon M. Cameron | Electrostatic gas cleaning |
SE469353B (en) | 1990-11-20 | 1993-06-21 | Flaekt Ab | WAS DRYING A PARTICULATE MATERIAL |
AU2002692A (en) | 1991-04-24 | 1992-12-21 | Calvert Environmental | Wet electrostatic precipitator and method of using same |
US5308589A (en) | 1991-04-24 | 1994-05-03 | Calvert Environmental, Inc. | Odor control system |
NO180286C (en) | 1991-05-04 | 1997-03-26 | Hoechst Ag | Material with beehive structure, method of manufacture thereof and use of the material |
JP3211032B2 (en) | 1991-08-02 | 2001-09-25 | 株式会社エルデック | Electric dust collector |
DE4141934C1 (en) | 1991-12-19 | 1993-02-18 | Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt, De | |
US5254155A (en) | 1992-04-27 | 1993-10-19 | Mensi Fred E | Wet electrostatic ionizing element and cooperating honeycomb passage ways |
DK172419B1 (en) | 1992-08-28 | 1998-06-08 | Fls Miljoe As | Suspension device and banking mechanism for electrodes in an electro filter |
JP3268041B2 (en) | 1992-12-25 | 2002-03-25 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Duct type electrostatic precipitator |
US5395430A (en) | 1993-02-11 | 1995-03-07 | Wet Electrostatic Technology, Inc. | Electrostatic precipitator assembly |
US5607487A (en) | 1993-03-17 | 1997-03-04 | Taylor; Leland T. | Bottom feed - updraft gasification system |
TW279137B (en) | 1993-06-01 | 1996-06-21 | Babcock & Wilcox Co | Method and apparatus for removing acid gases and air toxics from a flue gas |
US6004375A (en) | 1994-01-13 | 1999-12-21 | Gutsch; Andreas | Process and apparatus to treat gasborne particles |
US5482540A (en) | 1994-01-31 | 1996-01-09 | Castine Energy Services | Electrostatic precipitator frame stabilizer and method of operation |
US5498462A (en) | 1994-04-01 | 1996-03-12 | Hexcel Corporation | High thermal conductivity non-metallic honeycomb |
JPH07328475A (en) | 1994-06-07 | 1995-12-19 | Keiichi Hara | Electric precipitator |
GB9413714D0 (en) | 1994-07-07 | 1994-08-24 | Turbotak Technologies Inc | Regenerative process for removal and recovery of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from effluent gases |
US5603751A (en) | 1995-06-02 | 1997-02-18 | Mac Equipment, Inc. | Method and apparatus for removing particulate material from a wood drying system |
RU2088338C1 (en) * | 1995-07-24 | 1997-08-27 | Товарищество с ограниченной ответственностью "Промгазочистка-АКС" | Polymer composition for manufacturing electrodes of electrofilters |
US6579506B2 (en) | 1995-09-18 | 2003-06-17 | Turbotak Technologies Inc. | Treatment of gas streams containing reduced sulfur compounds |
US5843210A (en) | 1996-12-19 | 1998-12-01 | Monsanto Company | Method and apparatus for removing particulates from a gas stream |
JP3640489B2 (en) | 1997-01-20 | 2005-04-20 | 大見工業株式会社 | Electrostatic precipitator |
US5855652A (en) | 1997-01-31 | 1999-01-05 | Topaz 2000, Inc. | Aerosol collector and concentrator |
JP3191264B2 (en) | 1997-02-27 | 2001-07-23 | ギャラクシー有限会社 | Electric dust collector and incinerator |
US5922290A (en) | 1997-08-04 | 1999-07-13 | Owens Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. | Regenerative thermal oxidation system for treating asphalt vapors |
JPH11151410A (en) | 1997-11-20 | 1999-06-08 | Fuji Oozx Inc | Mist sucking removal device |
JP2000005629A (en) * | 1998-04-23 | 2000-01-11 | Koyama Hightech Kenkyusho:Kk | Air cleaning apparatus and method |
DE19833226C1 (en) | 1998-07-23 | 2000-04-20 | Steuler Industriewerke Gmbh | Rain tube bundle for wet electrostatic precipitators |
US6156098A (en) | 1999-02-10 | 2000-12-05 | Richards; Clyde N. | Charged droplet gas scrubber apparatus and method |
CN2376335Y (en) | 1999-05-12 | 2000-05-03 | 青岛化工环保装备制造有限公司 | Glass fibre reinforced plastics anode tube for electric demister |
US6267802B1 (en) | 1999-06-17 | 2001-07-31 | Ada Environmental Solutions, Llc | Composition apparatus and method for flue gas conditioning |
JP2001040548A (en) * | 1999-07-22 | 2001-02-13 | Showa Denko Kk | Active carbon fiber, active carbon fiber cloth and its production |
WO2001037969A1 (en) | 1999-11-23 | 2001-05-31 | Pall Corporation | Conductive filter cartridge |
JP4582905B2 (en) * | 2000-12-19 | 2010-11-17 | 東邦テナックス株式会社 | Oxidized fiber sheet, compressed oxidized fiber sheet, method for producing them, and method for producing carbon fiber sheet |
DE10132582C1 (en) | 2001-07-10 | 2002-08-08 | Karlsruhe Forschzent | System for electrostatically cleaning gas and method for operating the same |
DE10248410A1 (en) | 2001-10-23 | 2003-05-22 | Alstom Switzerland Ltd | Device for filtering out particles from a flow |
US6508861B1 (en) | 2001-10-26 | 2003-01-21 | Croll Reynolds Clean Air Technologies, Inc. | Integrated single-pass dual-field electrostatic precipitator and method |
US20030082315A1 (en) | 2001-10-31 | 2003-05-01 | Mehlman Mitchell J. | Highly dimensionally stable honeycomb core and sandwich structures for spacecraft applications |
JP4195564B2 (en) * | 2002-01-25 | 2008-12-10 | 東邦テナックス株式会社 | Carbon fiber spun yarn fabric and manufacturing method thereof |
US6579349B1 (en) | 2002-04-08 | 2003-06-17 | Chein-Bang Ting | Electrostatic precipitator |
US6620224B1 (en) | 2002-08-12 | 2003-09-16 | Kabushiki Kaisha Circland | Air purification device with a needle-shaped electrode having a protective cover thereon |
GB0226240D0 (en) | 2002-11-11 | 2002-12-18 | Secr Defence | An electrostatic precipitator |
US7108806B2 (en) | 2003-02-28 | 2006-09-19 | National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Corporation | Conductive materials with electrical stability and good impact resistance for use in electronics devices |
US6902604B2 (en) | 2003-05-15 | 2005-06-07 | Fleetguard, Inc. | Electrostatic precipitator with internal power supply |
CA2532640C (en) | 2003-07-18 | 2010-03-23 | Turbosonic Inc. | Mist elimination hood |
US20050045038A1 (en) | 2003-09-03 | 2005-03-03 | Ping Huang | Frame structure of an electrostatic precipitator |
US20050123717A1 (en) | 2003-12-08 | 2005-06-09 | Shen Shyan B. | Sealing of honeycomb core and the honeycomb core assembly made with the same |
DE102004001463A1 (en) | 2004-01-08 | 2005-08-04 | Maris Murins | Precipitation electrode comprises a plastic tube, a cover of glass fiber fabric and a glass fiber reinforced plastic outer coating |
CA2562372C (en) | 2004-04-09 | 2012-04-03 | Turbosonic Inc. | Pollution control in wood products dryer |
DE102004023967B3 (en) | 2004-05-14 | 2005-12-08 | Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh | Tube collector for the separation of electrically charged aerosols from a gas stream |
US6974494B1 (en) | 2004-10-25 | 2005-12-13 | Karim Zahedi | Apparatus and method using an electrified filter bed for removal of pollutants from a flue gas stream |
CN2768899Y (en) * | 2005-03-04 | 2006-04-05 | 宋小良 | Cathode carrier bar for electric conducting glass fiber reinforced plastic electric defroster |
CA2605965C (en) | 2005-04-19 | 2012-01-03 | Ohio University | Composite discharge electrode |
US7402194B2 (en) | 2005-07-27 | 2008-07-22 | International Business Machines Corporation | Carbon nanotubes as low voltage field emission sources for particle precipitators |
JP2007234828A (en) | 2006-02-28 | 2007-09-13 | Tdk Corp | Electronic component and manufacturing method thereof |
WO2008154735A1 (en) * | 2007-06-18 | 2008-12-24 | Turbosonic Inc. | Carbon nanotube composite material-based component for wet electrostatic precipitator |
TW200924969A (en) | 2007-12-03 | 2009-06-16 | Jin-Jiang Chen | A three-dimensional honeycomb-like woven fabric and its weaving method |
WO2009100450A1 (en) | 2008-02-08 | 2009-08-13 | Brooks Carl M | Repair apparatus and method for pipe fittings |
US7632341B2 (en) | 2008-03-27 | 2009-12-15 | Babcock & Wilcox Power Generation Group, Inc. | Hybrid wet electrostatic precipitator |
CA2756447C (en) | 2009-03-24 | 2017-12-12 | Turbosonic Inc. | Carbon fiber composite collecting electrode tubes for use in wet electrostatic precipitators |
EP2552591A4 (en) | 2010-03-31 | 2015-05-20 | Megtec Turbosonic Inc | Electrostatic precipitator with dual energy zone discharge electrodes |
-
2012
- 2012-03-28 US US14/007,666 patent/US9387487B2/en active Active
- 2012-03-28 JP JP2014501370A patent/JP6089026B2/en active Active
- 2012-03-28 BR BR112013024727-4A patent/BR112013024727B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2012-03-28 RU RU2013147628A patent/RU2613650C2/en active
- 2012-03-28 WO PCT/CA2012/000277 patent/WO2012129656A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-03-28 KR KR1020137027935A patent/KR101993177B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2012-03-28 EP EP12763929.2A patent/EP2691181A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-03-28 CN CN201280016175.0A patent/CN103764293A/en active Pending
- 2012-03-28 CA CA2831174A patent/CA2831174C/en active Active
-
2013
- 2013-09-29 IL IL228596A patent/IL228596A0/en unknown
-
2016
- 2016-11-30 JP JP2016232424A patent/JP2017039137A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6106592A (en) * | 1998-03-17 | 2000-08-22 | Monsanto Company | Wet electrostatic filtration process and apparatus for cleaning a gas stream |
US6231643B1 (en) * | 1998-06-17 | 2001-05-15 | Ohio University | Membrane electrostatic precipitator |
US20020090873A1 (en) * | 2001-01-10 | 2002-07-11 | Henry Moody | Carbon composites with silicon based resin to inhibit oxidation |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10882053B2 (en) | 2016-06-14 | 2021-01-05 | Agentis Air Llc | Electrostatic air filter |
US10960407B2 (en) | 2016-06-14 | 2021-03-30 | Agentis Air Llc | Collecting electrode |
US10828646B2 (en) | 2016-07-18 | 2020-11-10 | Agentis Air Llc | Electrostatic air filter |
US10792673B2 (en) | 2018-12-13 | 2020-10-06 | Agentis Air Llc | Electrostatic air cleaner |
US10875034B2 (en) | 2018-12-13 | 2020-12-29 | Agentis Air Llc | Electrostatic precipitator |
US11123750B2 (en) | 2018-12-13 | 2021-09-21 | Agentis Air Llc | Electrode array air cleaner |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR101993177B1 (en) | 2019-06-26 |
CA2831174C (en) | 2018-03-20 |
RU2613650C2 (en) | 2017-03-21 |
CN103764293A (en) | 2014-04-30 |
BR112013024727B1 (en) | 2021-01-19 |
JP2014510629A (en) | 2014-05-01 |
JP6089026B2 (en) | 2017-03-01 |
JP2017039137A (en) | 2017-02-23 |
EP2691181A1 (en) | 2014-02-05 |
IL228596A0 (en) | 2013-12-31 |
EP2691181A4 (en) | 2014-12-03 |
US9387487B2 (en) | 2016-07-12 |
RU2013147628A (en) | 2015-05-10 |
CA2831174A1 (en) | 2012-10-04 |
KR20140034167A (en) | 2014-03-19 |
BR112013024727A2 (en) | 2017-10-03 |
WO2012129656A1 (en) | 2012-10-04 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US9387487B2 (en) | Erosion-resistant conductive composite material collecting electrode for WESP | |
US8597416B2 (en) | Carbon nanotube composite material-based component for wet electrostatic precipitator | |
CA2605965C (en) | Composite discharge electrode | |
PT1112124E (en) | Membrane electrostatic precipitator | |
CA2767509A1 (en) | Carbon fiber composite discharge electrode | |
Wang et al. | Filtration properties of carbon woven fabric filters supplied with high voltage for removal of PM 1.0 particles | |
WO2016136270A1 (en) | Electrostatic precipitator | |
US10022727B2 (en) | Discharge electrode suspension system using rings | |
CA2756447C (en) | Carbon fiber composite collecting electrode tubes for use in wet electrostatic precipitators | |
Allan et al. | A conductive composite material for wet ESP applications | |
US11623227B2 (en) | Hybrid composite discharge electrode for use in an electrostatic precipitator | |
Allan et al. | Development and Testing of a Conductive Composite Material for Wet ESP Applications | |
US11027289B2 (en) | Wet electrostatic precipitator system components | |
WO2019087997A1 (en) | Electrostatic precipitator | |
CA2773620C (en) | Assembly of wet electrostatic precipitator | |
Al-Majali | Novel Hybrid Composite Discharge Electrode for Electrostatic Precipitator | |
Saha et al. | Enhanced Lightning Strike Protection using Vertically Oriented Carbon Fiber Melded with Conventional Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Composite and its Validation Through Damage Analysis |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: TURBOSONIC INC., CANADA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MCGRATH, PAUL;REEL/FRAME:038813/0919 Effective date: 20120503 Owner name: MEGTEC TURBOSONIC INC., CANADA Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:TURBOSONIC INC.;REEL/FRAME:038884/0001 Effective date: 20130131 |
|
STCF | Information on status: patent grant |
Free format text: PATENTED CASE |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: LIGHTSHIP CAPITAL LLC, NEW YORK Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:THE BABCOCK & WILCOX COMPANY;DIAMOND POWER INTERNATIONAL, LLC;BABCOCK & WILCOX MEGTEC, LLC;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:043515/0001 Effective date: 20170809 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: MEGTEC TURBOSONIC TECHNOLOGIES, INC., NORTH CAROLINA Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:LIGHTSHIP CAPITAL LLC;REEL/FRAME:046182/0829 Effective date: 20180504 Owner name: MEGTEC TURBOSONIC TECHNOLOGIES, INC., NORTH CAROLI Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:LIGHTSHIP CAPITAL LLC;REEL/FRAME:046182/0829 Effective date: 20180504 Owner name: BABCOCK & WILCOX UNIVERSAL, INC., NORTH CAROLINA Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:LIGHTSHIP CAPITAL LLC;REEL/FRAME:046182/0829 Effective date: 20180504 Owner name: BABCOCK & WILCOX TECHNOLOGY, LLC, NORTH CAROLINA Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:LIGHTSHIP CAPITAL LLC;REEL/FRAME:046182/0829 Effective date: 20180504 Owner name: BABCOCK & WILCOX ENTERPRISES, INC., NORTH CAROLINA Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:LIGHTSHIP CAPITAL LLC;REEL/FRAME:046182/0829 Effective date: 20180504 Owner name: BABCOCK & WILCOX MEGTEC, LLC, NORTH CAROLINA Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:LIGHTSHIP CAPITAL LLC;REEL/FRAME:046182/0829 Effective date: 20180504 Owner name: THE BABCOCK & WILCOX COMPANY, NORTH CAROLINA Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:LIGHTSHIP CAPITAL LLC;REEL/FRAME:046182/0829 Effective date: 20180504 Owner name: DIAMOND POWER INTERNATIONAL, LLC, NORTH CAROLINA Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:LIGHTSHIP CAPITAL LLC;REEL/FRAME:046182/0829 Effective date: 20180504 |
|
MAFP | Maintenance fee payment |
Free format text: PAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEE, 4TH YEAR, LARGE ENTITY (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: M1551); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: DURR SYSTEMS INC., MICHIGAN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MEGTEC TURBOSONIC INC.;REEL/FRAME:057780/0605 Effective date: 20201215 |
|
MAFP | Maintenance fee payment |
Free format text: PAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEE, 8TH YEAR, LARGE ENTITY (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: M1552); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY Year of fee payment: 8 |