EP0283765A1 - X-ray scanning system - Google Patents

X-ray scanning system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0283765A1
EP0283765A1 EP88103023A EP88103023A EP0283765A1 EP 0283765 A1 EP0283765 A1 EP 0283765A1 EP 88103023 A EP88103023 A EP 88103023A EP 88103023 A EP88103023 A EP 88103023A EP 0283765 A1 EP0283765 A1 EP 0283765A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ray
collimator
radiation receiver
frame
radiation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88103023A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0283765B1 (en
Inventor
Gerhard Dipl.-Ing. Dönges
Rolf Dipl.-Ing. Dietrich
Helmut Thoma
Eckart-Alfred Dipl.-Ing. Von Unger
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Heimann GmbH
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Heimann GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0283765A1 publication Critical patent/EP0283765A1/en
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Publication of EP0283765B1 publication Critical patent/EP0283765B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
    • H05G1/00—X-ray apparatus involving X-ray tubes; Circuits therefor
    • H05G1/02—Constructional details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
    • G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
    • G01N23/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
    • G01N23/043—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material using fluoroscopic examination, with visual observation or video transmission of fluoroscopic images
    • G01V5/20—
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/40—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment with arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/4064—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment with arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis specially adapted for producing a particular type of beam
    • A61B6/4078—Fan-beams

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an X-ray scanner with an X-ray emitter with a collimator for a fan-shaped X-ray beam on one side and a radiation receiver on the other side of a transport device for material to be examined, and with electronics for detecting and processing the detector signals and a downstream viewing device.
  • the radiation receiver can be formed by a series of individual detectors, which, in parallel with the radiation intensity measured in each case, deliver corresponding measured values according to the test material, which are written into an image memory. When the memory content is displayed on the display device, a continuous image is created.
  • the quality of the signals generated by the radiation receiver is crucially dependent on the precise adjustment of the fan-shaped X-ray beam.
  • the decisive factor is an exact geometric assignment of the components focus - collimator - radiation receiver.
  • the beam fans should be as thin as possible and the gap widths of the collimator should be as small as possible, generally a few tenths of a millimeter.
  • the radiation receiver is approximately three millimeters wide, so that it is just completely hit by X-rays. Particularly when using radiation receivers designed as kinked detector lines, a very precise adjustment must be carried out.
  • the invention is accordingly based on the object of designing an X-ray scanner of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that the risk of misalignment is reduced by the abovementioned influences.
  • the X-ray emitter, the collimator and the radiation receiver are attached to a common, rigid and torsionally rigid frame which is elastically mounted in the frame of the X-ray scanner.
  • the transport device which is preferably a conveyor belt, can be mechanically separated from the frame, so that shocks and vibrations have little effect on the frame during operation, also because of the elastic mounting of the frame.
  • the frame is also protected due to its elastic mounting when the device is impacted from the outside.
  • An expedient development of the invention is that the collimator and the X-ray tube are individually attached to the frame. With this development, the exact assignment of the collimator to the radiation receiver is retained when the X-ray source is replaced when servicing. Only the X-ray source has to be readjusted, which is relatively simple.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 in two views.
  • an X-ray emitter 1 is shown, the specimen 2 (not shown in FIG. 2) is irradiated on a conveyor belt 3 with a fan-shaped X-ray beam 4, the fan plane of which lies transversely to the transport direction, which is perpendicular to the plane of the drawing in FIG Fig. 2 runs in the direction of arrow 5.
  • a collimator 6 consisting of lead plates is provided to collapse the fan-shaped X-ray beam 4.
  • the marginal rays of the X-ray beam 4 are designated 4a and 4b.
  • the radiation emerging from the test material 2 is detected by a radiation receiver 7 bent at right angles from individual detectors in a housing, the output signals of which are fed to a display device 9 via electronics 8.
  • the detection range for the radiation in the radiation receiver is designated 7a in FIG. 2.
  • the electronics 8 form an overview image of an area of the test material 2 from the output signals of the radiation receiver 7, which is shown on the display device 9.
  • the X-ray emitter 1, the radiation receiver 7 and the collimator 6 are attached to a common, rigid and torsionally rigid frame 10, which is elastically mounted in the frame 11 of the X-ray scanner with the aid of metal rubber spring elements 12, so that mechanical shocks and vibrations are damped.
  • the collimator 6 and the X-ray emitter 1 are each individually attached to the frame 10.
  • the x-ray emitter 1 can accordingly be replaced, the alignment of the collimator 6 with the radiation receiver 7 being retained.
  • the radiation receiver 7 can consist in a known manner of a bent row of individual detectors, each individual detector being formed by a scintillation crystal and a downstream photodiode.

Abstract

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Röntgenscanner für Gepäckuntersuchungen mit einem Röntgenstrahler (1) mit Kollimator (6) für einen Strahlenfächer (4) zur Durchstrahlung des Prüfgutes (2) und einem Strahlenempfänger (7). Es soll erreicht werden, daß durch im Betrieb auftretende Stöße und Erschütterungen keine Veränderung der gegenseitigen Einstellungen des Röntgenstrahlers (1), des Kollimators (6) und des Strahlenempfängers (7) erfolgt. Röntgenstrahler (1), Kollimator (6) und Strahlenempfänger (7) sind an einem gemeinsamen, biege- und verdrehsteifen Rahmen (10) befestigt, welcher im Gestell (11) des Röntgenscanners elastisch gelagert ist.The invention relates to an X-ray scanner for baggage examinations with an X-ray emitter (1) with a collimator (6) for a radiation fan (4) for radiating the test material (2) and a radiation receiver (7). The aim is to ensure that there are no changes in the mutual settings of the X-ray emitter (1), the collimator (6) and the radiation receiver (7) as a result of shocks and vibrations occurring during operation. X-ray emitter (1), collimator (6) and radiation receiver (7) are attached to a common, rigid and torsionally rigid frame (10) which is elastically mounted in the frame (11) of the X-ray scanner.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Röntgenscanner mit einem Röntgen­strahler mit Kollimator für ein fächerförmiges Röntgenstrahlen­bündel auf einer Seite und einem Strahlenempfänger auf der an­deren Seite einer Transportvorrichtung für zu untersuchendes Gut sowie mit einer Elektronik zur Erfassung und Verarbeitung der Detektorsignale und einem nachgeschalteten Sichtgerät.The invention relates to an X-ray scanner with an X-ray emitter with a collimator for a fan-shaped X-ray beam on one side and a radiation receiver on the other side of a transport device for material to be examined, and with electronics for detecting and processing the detector signals and a downstream viewing device.

Ein Röntgenscanner dieser Art dient beispielsweise zur Gepäck­untersuchung. Der Strahlenempfänger kann dabei von einer Reihe von Einzeldetektoren gebildet sein, die parallel der jeweils gemessenen Strahlungsintensität nach dem Prüfgut entsprechende Meßwerte liefern, welche in einen Bildspeicher eingeschrieben werden. Bei der Darstellung des Speicherinhaltes auf dem Sicht­gerät entsteht dabei ein durchlaufendes Bild.An X-ray scanner of this type is used, for example, for luggage inspection. The radiation receiver can be formed by a series of individual detectors, which, in parallel with the radiation intensity measured in each case, deliver corresponding measured values according to the test material, which are written into an image memory. When the memory content is displayed on the display device, a continuous image is created.

Bei einem Röntgenscanner der genannten Art ist die Qualität der vom Strahlenempfänger erzeugten Signale entscheidend von der genauen Justierung des fächerförmigen Röntgenstrahlenbündels abhängig. Maßgebend ist eine exakte geometrische Zuordnung der Komponenten Fokus - Kollimator - Strahlenempfänger. Um die Strahlendosis und die Streustrahlung auf ein Mindestmaß zu be­schränken, sollte mit möglichst dünnen Strahlenfächern und da­mit möglichst kleinen Spaltbreiten des Kollimators von in der Regel einigen Zehntel Millimetern gearbeitet werden. Entspre­chend den geometrischen Verhältnissen (Abstand Fokus - Kolli­mator und Kollimator - Strahlenempfänger) ergibt sich dabei eine etwa drei Millimeter breite Bestrahlung des Strahlenemp­fängers, so daß dieser gerade vollständig von Röntgenstrahlung getroffen wird. Besonders beim Einsatz von als geknickte Detek­torzeilen ausgebildeten Strahlenempfängern muß eine sehr genaue Justierung erfolgen.In the case of an X-ray scanner of the type mentioned, the quality of the signals generated by the radiation receiver is crucially dependent on the precise adjustment of the fan-shaped X-ray beam. The decisive factor is an exact geometric assignment of the components focus - collimator - radiation receiver. In order to keep the radiation dose and the scattered radiation to a minimum, the beam fans should be as thin as possible and the gap widths of the collimator should be as small as possible, generally a few tenths of a millimeter. According to the geometric relationships (distance focus - collimator and collimator - radiation receiver), the radiation receiver is approximately three millimeters wide, so that it is just completely hit by X-rays. Particularly when using radiation receivers designed as kinked detector lines, a very precise adjustment must be carried out.

Durch die Bewegung der Transportvorrichtung während des Betrie­bes und durch das Auflegen von Gepäckstücken und besonders beim Einsatz in Fahrzeugen als fahrbarer Röntgenscanner ist der Röntgenscanner in erheblichem Maße Stößen und Schwingungen aus­gesetzt. Aus diesem Grund ist die Gefahr der Dejustierung beim Transport oder durch beim Betrieb auftretende Erschütterungen groß.Due to the movement of the transport device during operation and through the placement of luggage and especially when used in vehicles as a mobile X-ray scanner, the X-ray scanner is exposed to a considerable degree of shocks and vibrations. For this reason, there is a high risk of misalignment during transport or due to vibrations occurring during operation.

Der Erfindung liegt demgemäß die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Rönt­genscanner der eingangs genannten Art so auszubilden, daß die Gefahr der Dejustierung durch die obengenannten Einflüsse redu­ziert ist.The invention is accordingly based on the object of designing an X-ray scanner of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that the risk of misalignment is reduced by the abovementioned influences.

Diese Aufgabe ist erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß der Rönt­genstrahler, der Kollimator und der Strahlenempfänger an einem gemeinsamen, biege- und verdrehsteifen Rahmen befestigt sind, welcher im Gestell des Röntgenscanners elastisch gelagert ist. Bei dieser Ausbildung kann die Transportvorrichtung, die vor­zugsweise ein Transportband ist, mechanisch von dem Rahmen ge­trennt werden, so daß sich während des Betriebes Stöße und Schwingungen auch wegen der elastischen Lagerung des Rahmens kaum auf diesen auswirken. Auch bei Stößen auf das Gerät von außen ist der Rahmen aufgrund seiner elastischen Lagerung ge­schützt.This object is achieved in that the X-ray emitter, the collimator and the radiation receiver are attached to a common, rigid and torsionally rigid frame which is elastically mounted in the frame of the X-ray scanner. In this embodiment, the transport device, which is preferably a conveyor belt, can be mechanically separated from the frame, so that shocks and vibrations have little effect on the frame during operation, also because of the elastic mounting of the frame. The frame is also protected due to its elastic mounting when the device is impacted from the outside.

Eine zweckmäßige Weiterbildung der Erfindung besteht darin, daß der Kollimator und der Röntgenstrahler individuell am Rahmen befestigt sind. Bei dieser Weiterbildung bleibt im Servicefall beim Austausch des Röntgenstrahlers die genaue Zuordnung des Kollimators zum Strahlenempfänger erhalten. Es muß lediglich der Röntgenstrahler neu justiert werden, was relativ einfach ist.An expedient development of the invention is that the collimator and the X-ray tube are individually attached to the frame. With this development, the exact assignment of the collimator to the radiation receiver is retained when the X-ray source is replaced when servicing. Only the X-ray source has to be readjusted, which is relatively simple.

Die Erfindung ist nachfolgend anhand eines in den Fig. 1 und 2 in zwei Ansichten dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles näher er­läutert.The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to an embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 in two views.

In der Zeichnung ist ein Röntgenstrahler 1 dargestellt, der Prüfgut 2 (in Fig. 2 nicht dargestellt) auf einem Transportband 3 mit einem fächerförmigen Röntgenstrahlenbündel 4 durchstrahlt, dessen Fächerebene quer zur Transportrichtung liegt, welche in der Fig. 1 senkrecht zur Zeichenebene und in der Fig. 2 in Rich­tung des Pfeiles 5 verläuft. Zur Einblendung des fächerförmigen Röntgenstrahlenbündels 4 ist ein aus Bleiplatten bestehender Kollimator 6 vorgesehen. Die Randstrahlen des Röntgenstrahlen­bündels 4 sind mit 4a und 4b bezeichnet. Die aus dem Prüfgut 2 austretende Strahlung wird von einem rechtwinklig geknickten Strahlenempfänger 7 aus einzelnen Detektoren in einem Gehäuse erfaßt, deren Ausgangssignale über eine Elektronik 8 einem Sichtgerät 9 zugeführt werden. Der Erfassungsbereich für die Strahlung im Strahlenempfänger ist in Fig. 2 mit 7a bezeichnet. Die Elektronik 8 bildet aus den Ausgangssignalen des Strahlen­empfängers 7 ein Übersichtsbild eines Bereiches des Prüfgutes 2, das auf dem Sichtgerät 9 dargestellt wird.In the drawing, an X-ray emitter 1 is shown, the specimen 2 (not shown in FIG. 2) is irradiated on a conveyor belt 3 with a fan-shaped X-ray beam 4, the fan plane of which lies transversely to the transport direction, which is perpendicular to the plane of the drawing in FIG Fig. 2 runs in the direction of arrow 5. To collapse the fan-shaped X-ray beam 4, a collimator 6 consisting of lead plates is provided. The marginal rays of the X-ray beam 4 are designated 4a and 4b. The radiation emerging from the test material 2 is detected by a radiation receiver 7 bent at right angles from individual detectors in a housing, the output signals of which are fed to a display device 9 via electronics 8. The detection range for the radiation in the radiation receiver is designated 7a in FIG. 2. The electronics 8 form an overview image of an area of the test material 2 from the output signals of the radiation receiver 7, which is shown on the display device 9.

Der Röntgenstrahler 1, der Strahlenempfänger 7 und der Kollima­tor 6 sind an einem gemeinsamen, biege- und verdrehsteifen Rah­men 10 befestigt, welcher im Gestell 11 des Röntgenscanners mit Hilfe von Metallgummi-Federelementen 12 elastisch gelagert ist, so daß mechanische Stöße und Schwingungen gedämpft werden.The X-ray emitter 1, the radiation receiver 7 and the collimator 6 are attached to a common, rigid and torsionally rigid frame 10, which is elastically mounted in the frame 11 of the X-ray scanner with the aid of metal rubber spring elements 12, so that mechanical shocks and vibrations are damped.

Der Kollimator 6 und der Röntgenstrahler 1 sind jeweils indivi­duell am Rahmen 10 befestigt. Der Röntgenstrahler 1 kann demge­mäß ausgetauscht werden, wobei die Ausrichtung des Kollimators 6 auf den Strahlenempfänger 7 erhalten bleibt.The collimator 6 and the X-ray emitter 1 are each individually attached to the frame 10. The x-ray emitter 1 can accordingly be replaced, the alignment of the collimator 6 with the radiation receiver 7 being retained.

Der Strahlenempfänger 7 kann in bekannter Weise aus einer ge­knickten Reihe von Einzeldetektoren bestehen, wobei jeder Ein­zeldetektor von einem Szintillationskristall und einer nachge­schalteten Photodiode gebildet ist.The radiation receiver 7 can consist in a known manner of a bent row of individual detectors, each individual detector being formed by a scintillation crystal and a downstream photodiode.

Claims (2)

1. Röntgenscanner mit einem Röntgenstrahler (1) mit einem Kol­limator (6) für ein fächerförmiges Röntgenstrahlenbündel (4) auf einer Seite und einem Strahlenempfänger (7) auf der ande­ren Seite einer Transportvorrichtung (3) für Prüfgut (2) sowie mit einer Elektronik (8) zur Erfassung und Verarbeitung der Detektorsignale und einem nachgeschalteten Sichtgerät (9), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Rönt­genstrahler (1), der Kollimator (6) und der Strahlenempfänger (7) an einem gemeinsamen, biege- und verdrehsteifen Rahmen (10) befestigt sind, welcher im Gestell (11) des Röntgenscanners elastisch gelagert ist.1. X-ray scanner with an X-ray emitter (1) with a collimator (6) for a fan-shaped X-ray beam (4) on one side and a radiation receiver (7) on the other side of a transport device (3) for test material (2) and with electronics ( 8) for detecting and processing the detector signals and a downstream viewing device (9), characterized in that the X-ray emitter (1), the collimator (6) and the radiation receiver (7) are attached to a common, rigid and torsionally rigid frame (10) are, which is elastically mounted in the frame (11) of the X-ray scanner. 2. Röntgenscanner nach Anspruch 1, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, daß der Kollimator (6) und der Röntgenstrahler (1) individuell am Rahmen (10) befestigt sind.2. X-ray scanner according to claim 1, characterized in that the collimator (6) and the X-ray emitter (1) are individually attached to the frame (10).
EP88103023A 1987-03-11 1988-02-29 X-ray scanning system Expired - Lifetime EP0283765B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8703674U DE8703674U1 (en) 1987-03-11 1987-03-11
DE8703674U 1987-03-11

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EP0283765A1 true EP0283765A1 (en) 1988-09-28
EP0283765B1 EP0283765B1 (en) 1990-08-08

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EP (1) EP0283765B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS63146755U (en)
DE (2) DE8703674U1 (en)

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US4841554A (en) 1989-06-20
DE3860403D1 (en) 1990-09-13
EP0283765B1 (en) 1990-08-08
JPS63146755U (en) 1988-09-28
DE8703674U1 (en) 1988-07-14

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