CN103234121A - Acoustic signal based device and method for detecting gas pipeline leakages - Google Patents
Acoustic signal based device and method for detecting gas pipeline leakages Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an acoustic signal based device and method for detecting gas pipeline leakages. The detection device comprises an acoustic sensor group, a signal conditioner, an analog-to-digital converter, a data transmission medium and a central control computer. The detection method comprises that acoustic sensors are installed on a pipeline to be tested to collect signals, collected acoustic signals are subjected to signal conditioning through the signal conditioner, then voltage signals are converted into digital signals through the analog-to-digital converter, converted digital signals are transmitted to the central control computer through the data transmission medium, and an acoustic signal display, filtering, feature extraction and leakage judgment program which is written through LabVIEW software is installed in the central control computer. The device and the method have the advantages of being low in cost, high in device sensitivity, high in adaptability and the like.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of pipeline leakage testing device and detecting method; the safe handling management, monitoring and the diagnostic techniques field that belong to gas pipeline; the sound wave signal that produces when utilizing pipe leakage carries out Leak testtion; carrying out fault judges; integrity and the Security of protection pipeline, thereby the safety in production operation of guarantee gas pipeline.
Background technique:
The general buried-pipe laying of pipeline, when pipeline took place to leak, difficult quilt in time found when pipe gas transmission body has combustibility or toxicity, to have great danger.
Using more widely pipeline leakage detection method now mainly contains quality/flow equilibrium method, applied statistics method, transient model method, negative pressure wave method, the interior intelligence of pipe and climbs machine, distribution type fiber-optic method.Sound wave Leak testtion method is the new detecting method that proposed in the last few years, mainly be to utilize sensor collection tube inner fluid sound wave signal, signal is carried out filtering and Characteristic Extraction, leak judgement according to characteristic quantity, utilize cross-correlation method or gps time to leak the location with footwork.Each detecting method has different characteristics:
Table 1 leakage detection method comparative analysis table
| Detecting method | Sensitivity | Location accuracy | Rate of false alarm | Detection time | Adaptive capacity |
| Quality/flow equilibrium method | Difference | Low | High | Shorter | Do not have |
| The applied statistics method | Better | Higher | Low | Medium | Have |
| The transient model method | Better | Medium | Very high | Longer | Have |
| Negative pressure wave method | Better | Higher | High | Short | Have |
| The distribution type fiber-optic method | Good | Higher | Lower | Shorter | Have |
| The sound wave method | Good | High | Low | Very short | Have |
In various pipeline leakage detection methods, that the sound wave method has is highly sensitive, Location accuracy is high, rate of false alarm is low, detection time is short, adaptable advantage.
According to investigation, present stage relates to both at home and abroad based on the gas pipeline leak detecting device of sound wave technology and the patent of method and mainly containing:
US Patent No. 6389881 discloses the real-time leak detecting device of a kind of pipeline based on the sound wave technology and method.Device is made up of sonic transducer, site processor, modal processor and main frame.Sonic transducer catches dynamic pressure signal in the pipe, be converted into 4～20mA electrical signal and transfer to site processor, site processor carries out initial filtering and leaks judging, in case site processor detects possible leakage signal, just signal is transferred to modal processor, modal processor is made the final judgement of whether leaking, and leakage information is sent to main frame.The core that the method is leaked judgement is to use pattern match filtering to get rid of background noise and other interference, improves and leaks the accuracy of judging.
Chinese patent 200810223454.X discloses a kind of method and device that utilizes dynamic pressure and static pressure data to carry out line leakage.This method is installed cover dynamic pressure transducer and a static pressure sensor respectively at pipeline first and last end, and sound wave signal in the sounding pipe, sound wave signal extract leakage signal after data acquisition unit is handled, and utilize gps system to stamp time tag, leak the location.
China's utility model patent 200820080639.5 provides a kind of based on infrasonic gas pipeline leakage remote detection device and system, and detection device comprises infrasonic wave sensing unit, data processing unit, sequential collecting unit, communications interface unit and display unit.The infrasonic sensor unit detects and generates the infrasonic wave sensing data, data transmission unit is accepted data and is leaked identification, the sequential collecting unit mainly is the time synchronization that realizes between each transmission channel, and communications interface unit and display unit are mainly finished output and the demonstration of data and processing result.
The leak detecting device and the method that more than relate to the sound wave method all are from data capture, transmission, filtering and leakage judgement and locate four aspects and set forth, basic principle has similarity, but existing patent is too general simple, lacks the definition to key technology, is in particular in:
(1) signals collecting is the basis of whole system operation, and the sensor index influences the quality of sound wave signals collecting, and above patent is the kind of simple definition sensor just, the performance index of sensor is not made regulation;
(2) leak the sound wave signal and in propagation process, have decay, the laying of long defeated natural gas line upper sensor should capture the leakage sound wave signal with enough signal to noise ratios, reduce the number of sensor again as far as possible, existing patent does not relate to the distribution method of sensor, and it is smudgy that sensor is laid spacing;
(3) different filtering methods are to leaking sound wave signal applicability difference, and above patent does not propose the length of filtering signal and concrete filtering method, and filter effect is difficult to evaluation;
(4) leak the sound wave signal and often have a plurality of leakage characteristic quantities at time-frequency domain, the different characteristic amount is to the degree that the highlights difference of leakage process, and above patent does not all specify the characteristic quantity that leaks judgement, exerts an influence to leaking the accuracy of judgement degree.
Summary of the invention:
Main purpose of the present invention is to make up a kind of gas pipeline leak detecting device and detecting method based on the sound wave signal, monitoring gas pipeline operation in real time, accurate identified leakage operating mode is also leaked the location, get rid of simultaneously the undesired signal that normal running produces in background noise and the station as far as possible, reduce rate of false alarm, guarantee integrity and the Security of gas pipeline.
For achieving the above object, technological scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Described gas pipeline leak detecting device based on the sound wave signal, comprise the sound wave sensor groups, signal conditioner, analog-digital converter, data transmission medium and middle control computer, the sound wave sensor adopts insertion type to install and level is installed on actual gas transmission line, and be connected with signal conditioner by concentric cable, signal conditioner links to each other with analog-digital converter by cable, data transmission medium connection mode number converter and middle control computer, signal conditioner and analog-digital converter are installed in the pipeline scene, wherein, sound wave sensor collection tube inner fluid dynamic pressure signal, signal conditioner provides power supply and carries out signal condition for the sound wave sensor, analog-digital converter is converted to digital signal with the voltage signal that the sound wave sensor collects, and middle control computer is unified to be received and concentrated each sensor signal of handling.The dynamic pressure signal that the sound wave sensor collects is fainter, is subject to external environmental interference, unsuitable teletransmission, so signal conditioner and analog-digital converter must be installed on the pipeline scene, will simulate and carry out teletransmission after the sound wave signal is converted to digital signal.Leak testtion software uses the LabVIEW establishment, realizes the function that the demonstration of sound wave signal, filtering, feature extraction and leakage are judged.
The sound wave sensor groups is dynamic pressure transducer, dynamic pressure signal is converted into voltage signal, the minimum static pressure that can bear is greater than pipeline delivery pressure, minimum measuring range is-80kPa～80kPa lower sensitivity limit 40mv/kPa, resolution lower limit 0.6Pa, be limited to 0.5Hz on the minimum response frequency, lowest resonant frequency is 60kHz, can realize wideer sample frequency, and the scope of generally choosing is 100Hz～30000Hz.
The data transmission medium comprises SCADA system and gps clock, and wherein the SCADA system is for pipeline leakage testing, and gps clock is used for the pipe leakage location, and control computer carries out data storage and analysis in by the data transmission medium sound wave signal being sent to.
Lay the sound wave sensor at pipeline to be measured, gather pipeline sound wave signal in real time, obtain digital signal through signal conditioner and analog-digital converter, transfer to middle control computer by the data transmission medium, in window signal length, carry out filtering, extract the sound wave characteristic quantity, be analyzed with leakage sound wave characteristic quantity database, judge whether pipeline leaks, pipeline is in case leak, system reports to the police immediately, utilizes cross-correlation method or gps time to leak the location with footwork, and real-time update is leaked sound wave characteristic quantity database.
Caliber, the discharge pressure of different pipelines cause the sensor installing space different with the difference of background noise, determine that the method for sensor laying spacing is:
(1) selecting field, gas transmission line station, is that starting point is equidistantly arranged four sound wave sensors with the field, station;
Background noise when (2) gathering pipeline and normally move calculates the mean value of background noise amplitude negative pole value
(3) manual simulation's pipeline leakage at the station collects the test for leaks data, and match obtains leaking sound wave signal propagation attenuation formula:
And try to achieve each parameter value in the fitting formula, in the formula, x is for leaking the propagation length of sound wave signal, the m of unit, p
0Be the leakage acoustic pressure at leakage point place, the kPa of unit, p (x) is for leaking the acoustic pressure after the sound wave signal is propagated the x distance, and the kPa of unit, b, c are fitting coefficient;
(4) select
As distance threshold, calculate p (x)=th, obtain apart from x, if x is greater than a station spacing, sensor is installed in the field, station, if x is less than a station spacing, the sensor installing space is x, wherein I is influence coefficient, and the concrete operating mode of numerical value basis is chosen, and selection principle is for making sensor installing space maximum under the prerequisite of fully outstanding leakage feature;
(5) determine the sound wave number of sensors according to asking spacing, lay the sound wave sensor again.
Gas pipeline moves continuously, and the sound wave signal that the sound wave sensor collects is endless in time, but filtering and Characteristic Extraction are carried out in the window of finite length.Window signal length determines according to leaking the characteristic quantity database, and for leaking two times of sound wave signal trailing edge length, namely signal returns to two times of null value length from the amplitude minimum value.
Filtering method is wavelet filtering, and wavelet basis is the sym8 small echo, and decomposing the number of plies is 5 layers, with fixed threshold
As the threshold value selection principle, with the quadratic polynomial interpolation as the threshold process principle, quadratic polynomial difference formula:
N represents the wavelet coefficient number of certain one deck after the wavelet decomposition, and WT is the details wavelet coefficient, t=31.8 * thr.
The signal characteristic quantity that leaks judgement is the especially interior squared magnitude integration of 0～100Hz frequency of signal amplitude p after the filtering, low-frequency range
With negative amplitude endurance △ t{ △ t=max (t
1-t
2) | p (t
1)＜0, p (t
2)＜0}, three unite and leak judgement, leak to leak characteristic quantity when taking place remarkable sudden change can take place.The physical unit of three characteristic quantities is respectively kPa, kPa
2And s.
The present invention's beneficial effect compared with prior art is: gas pipeline leak detecting device and detecting method based on the sound wave signal can be monitored the gas pipeline operation in real time, accurate identified leakage operating mode is also leaked the location, get rid of simultaneously the undesired signal that normal running produces in background noise and the station as much as possible, reduced rate of false alarm, integrity and the Security of gas pipeline have been guaranteed, and invest less, the device sensitivity height, adaptability is strong.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is gas pipeline sound wave leakage monitoring know-why flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is that the gas pipeline leak detecting device that the present invention is based on the sound wave signal is formed schematic representation.
Fig. 3 is the gas pipeline leak detecting device algorithm block diagram that the present invention is based on the sound wave signal.
Fig. 4 a is the unfiltered leakage sound wave of the present invention signal.
Fig. 4 b is the leakage sound wave signal behind the wavelet filtering of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the actual pipeline sound wave of the present invention signal.
Among the figure: 1a-sound wave sensor, 1b-sound wave sensor, 1c-sound wave sensor, 1d-sound wave sensor, the 2a-signal conditioner, 2b-signal conditioner, 2c-signal conditioner, the 2d-signal conditioner, the 3a-analog-digital converter, 3b-analog-digital converter, 3c-analog-digital converter, the 3d-analog-digital converter, the transmission of 4a-SCADA channel, the transmission of 4b-SCADA channel, the transmission of 4c-SCADA channel, the transmission of 4d-SCADA channel, the 5a-GPS antenna, 5b-GPS antenna, 5c-GPS antenna, the 5d-GPS antenna, control computer among the 6-.
Embodiment:
For making technological scheme of the present invention more clear, with reference to the accompanying drawings the present invention is further elaborated.
As shown in Figure 2, a kind of gas pipeline leakage detection device based on the sound wave technology comprises hardware system and software systems.Hardware system comprises sound wave sensor groups (1a～1d), signal conditioner (2a～2d), analog-digital converter (3a～3d) and middle control computer 6.The sound wave signal of the real-time collection tube inner fluid of sound wave sensor, signal conditioner is for the power supply of sound wave sensor and carry out the signal condition in early stage, analog-digital converter will be converted to digital sound wave signal through the simulation sound wave signal after the conditioning, numeral sound wave signal is delivered to the RTU interface, by gps system (after 5a～5d) stamps time tag, rely on the SCADA system and carry out data transmission (4a～4d), unify to transfer to middle control computer 6 and handle.Software systems are installed on middle control computer, by the LabVIEW software programming, realize the function that the demonstration in real time of sound wave signal, filtering, feature extraction and leakage are judged.
Sensor is the basis that system realizes Leak testtion, sound wave sensor performance parameter is: the minimum static pressure that sensor can bear is greater than pipeline delivery pressure, minimum measuring range is-80kPa～80kPa, lower sensitivity limit 40mv/kPa, resolution lower limit 0.6Pa, be limited to 0.5Hz on the minimum response frequency, lowest resonant frequency is 60kHz, and sample frequency is 100Hz～30000Hz.
System realizes technological scheme such as Fig. 3 of pipeline leakage testing, the first step is to carry out sensor to install, different gas transmission lines exists different aspect caliber, line construction and background noise, be difficult to determine a unified installing space, installing space should specifically be determined according to concrete detection pipeline, the method of determining installing space is: gathering pipeline simulation test data, select field, gas transmission line station, is that starting point is equidistantly arranged four sound wave sensors with the field, station; Ambient noise signal when the collection pipeline normally moves, the mean value of calculating background noise amplitude negative pole value
The artificial venting at the station, the simulation pipeline leaks, and gathers through the test for leaks sound wave signal after the different distance transmission, calculates signal window length, and according to sound wave signal propagation attenuation model
Match draws decay formula, and the characteristic quantity database is leaked in initialization; Select
As distance threshold, calculating p (x)=th obtains apart from x, and greater than a station spacing, then sensor is installed in the field, station as if x, and less than a station spacing, the sensor installing space is x as if x; Again lay the sound wave sensor according to asking spacing, determine the sound wave number of sensors.Wherein I is influence coefficient, and the value principle of I is under the prerequisite that guarantees outstanding leakage characteristic quantity, increases the sensor installing space as far as possible.Less when background noise, filter effect is better, leaks the trailing edge amplitude when relatively more outstanding, and the value of I is bigger, when ambient noise signal is bigger, leaks the trailing edge amplitude after the filtering when highlighting inadequately, and the value of I is less.
After the sensor installation, second step was to make up signal transmission passage: the voltage signal of sound wave sensor output is faint, can not teletransmission and be subject to disturb, signal conditioner, analog-digital converter and GPS are installed near the sound wave sensor accept system, constitute the on-site data processing device, the sound wave signal is nursed one's health and analog-to-digital conversion, the digital sound wave signal through changing is sticked time tag, import the SCADA system by shielding wire, transfer to middle control computer.
Receive on the middle control computer by behind the next sound wave signal of SCADA system transmissions, carrying out for the 3rd step handles, be filtering and the Characteristic Extraction of signal: digital sound wave signal is endless in time, and the object of signal filtering and Characteristic Extraction is necessary for finite digital signal.Utilize the signal window that obtains in second step that signal is carried out windowing process, in length of window signal is carried out wavelet filtering, wavelet basis is the sym8 small echo, and decomposing the number of plies is 5 layers, with fixed threshold
As the threshold value selection principle, with the quadratic polynomial interpolation as the threshold process principle, quadratic polynomial difference formula:
N represents the wavelet coefficient number of certain one deck after the wavelet decomposition, and WT is the details wavelet coefficient, t=31.8 * thr.Fig. 4 is actual wavelet filtering effect, and signal is after filtering, and bur obviously reduces, and leaks feature and is highlighted.The length of window of signal determines according to leaking the characteristic quantity database, and for leaking two times of sound wave signal trailing edge length, namely signal returns to two times of null value length from the amplitude minimum value.
Filtered signal is carried out Characteristic Extraction in time domain and frequency domain, the temporal signatures amount comprises the negative pole value p of signal and the negative amplitude endurance △ t of negative pole value correspondence therewith, utilize Fourier transformation to obtain frequency-region signal, the frequency domain character amount is the especially integrated square of 0～100Hz frequency range amplitude of low-frequency range.
The 4th step was to leak judgement: the characteristic quantity of each window compares mutually, when the characteristic quantity of a certain window undergo mutation and with leak data in the characteristic quantity database when close, the window gut line leaks between assert at this moment, system reports to the police, utilize leakage point position, the synchronous legal position of cross-correlation method and gps time, simultaneously the characteristic quantity of this window is included in and leaked in the characteristic quantity database, and calculate and upgrade window signal length.
Fig. 5 is one section sound wave signal of actual acquisition, and calculating signal window length is 30000 sampled points, this signal is carried out wavelet filtering after, extract characteristic quantity, each window feature numerical quantity is as follows:
Table 2 window feature numerical quantity table
| Window (sampled point) | Negative pole value (kPa) | Negative value continues sampled point | The squared magnitude integration |
| Window 1(1～30000) | ‐0.3664 | 1003 | 0.0301 |
| Window 2(30000～60000) | ‐0.3199 | 866 | 0.0288 |
| Window 3(60000～90000) | -1.7457 | 11372 | 0.6806 |
| Window 4(90000～120000) | ‐0.3214 | 1179 | 0.0273 |
As can be seen from Table 2, each characteristic quantity numerical value of window 3 all has than macromutation, can assert in time window three and leak, and is consistent with actual, shows that the leak detection technology scheme is practical.
Claims (8)
1. gas pipeline leak detecting device based on the sound wave signal, comprise the sound wave sensor groups, signal conditioner, analog-digital converter, data transmission medium and middle control computer, the sound wave sensor adopts insertion type, level is installed on actual gas transmission line, and be connected with signal conditioner by concentric cable, signal conditioner links to each other with analog-digital converter by cable, data transmission medium connection mode number converter and middle control computer, signal conditioner and analog-digital converter are installed in the pipeline scene, sound wave sensor collection tube inner fluid dynamic pressure signal, signal conditioner provides power supply and carries out signal condition for the sound wave sensor, analog-digital converter is converted to digital signal with the voltage signal that the sound wave sensor collects, digital signal after the conversion transfers to middle control computer by the data transmission medium, carry out the data storage and analyze the installation sound wave signal demonstration of LabVIEW software programming in the middle control computer, filtering, feature extraction and leakage determining program.
2. the gas pipeline leak detecting device based on the sound wave signal as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the sound wave sensor groups is dynamic pressure transducer, dynamic pressure signal is converted into voltage signal, the minimum measuring range of dynamic pressure transducer is-80kPa～80kPa, lower sensitivity limit 40mv/kPa, resolution lower limit 0.6Pa is limited to 0.5Hz on the minimum response frequency, lowest resonant frequency is 60kHz, and frequency range is 100Hz～30000Hz.
3. the gas pipeline leak detecting device based on the sound wave signal as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the data transmission medium comprises SCADA system and gps clock, wherein the SCADA system is used for pipeline leakage testing, gps clock is used for the pipe leakage location, and control computer carried out data storage and analysis during the sound wave signal was sent to by the data transmission medium.
4. utilize the method that realizes Leak testtion based on the gas pipeline leak detecting device of sound wave signal as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: lay the sound wave sensor at pipeline to be measured, gather pipeline sound wave signal in real time, obtain digital signal through signal conditioner and analog-digital converter, transfer to middle control computer by the data transmission medium, in window signal length, carry out filtering, extract the sound wave characteristic quantity, be analyzed with leakage sound wave characteristic quantity database, judge whether pipeline leaks, in a single day pipeline leaks, system reports to the police immediately and leaks the location, and real-time update is leaked sound wave characteristic quantity database.
5. the gas pipeline leakage detection method based on the sound wave signal as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, the laying step of described sound wave sensor is:
(1) selecting field, gas transmission line station, is that starting point is equidistantly arranged four sound wave sensors with the field, station;
Background noise when (2) gathering pipeline and normally move calculates the mean value of background noise amplitude negative pole value
(3) manual simulation's pipeline leakage at the station collects the test for leaks data, and match obtains leaking sound wave signal propagation attenuation formula:
And try to achieve each parameter value in the fitting formula, in the formula, x is for leaking the propagation length of sound wave signal, the m of unit, p
0Be the leakage acoustic pressure at leakage point place, the kPa of unit, p (x) is for leaking the acoustic pressure after the sound wave signal is propagated the x distance, and the kPa of unit, b, c are fitting coefficient;
(4) select
As distance threshold, calculate p (x)=th, obtain apart from x, if x is greater than a station spacing, sensor is installed in the field, station, if x is less than a station spacing, the sensor installing space is x, wherein I is influence coefficient, and numerical value is chosen according to concrete operating mode, and selection principle is for making sensor installing space maximum abundant giving prominence under the prerequisite of leaking feature;
(5) lay the sound wave sensor again according to asking spacing, determine the sound wave number of sensors.
6. the gas pipeline leakage detection method based on the sound wave signal as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: window signal length determines according to leaking the characteristic quantity database, for leaking two times of sound wave signal trailing edge length, namely signal returns to two times of null value length from the amplitude minimum value.
7. the gas pipeline leakage detection method based on the sound wave signal as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: filtering method is wavelet filtering, and wavelet basis is the sym8 small echo, and decomposing the number of plies is 5 layers, with fixed threshold
As the threshold value selection principle, with the quadratic polynomial interpolation as the threshold process principle, quadratic polynomial difference formula:
N represents the wavelet coefficient number of certain one deck after the wavelet decomposition, and WT is the details wavelet coefficient, t=31.8 * thr.
8. the gas pipeline leakage detection method based on the sound wave signal as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: the signal characteristic quantity that leaks judgement is especially squared magnitude integration in 0～100Hz frequency of signal amplitude p after the filtering, low-frequency range
With negative amplitude endurance △ t{ △ t=max (t
1-t
2) | p (t
1)＜0, p (t
2)＜0}, three unite and leak judgement, and the physical unit of three characteristic quantities is respectively kPa, kPa
2And s.
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| CN104180168A (en) * | 2014-08-25 | 2014-12-03 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Device and method for inner leakage detection of two-channel natural gas pipeline ball valve |
| CN105138846A (en) * | 2015-09-01 | 2015-12-09 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Station yard integrity management data model building method and system |
| CN105546361A (en) * | 2016-03-08 | 2016-05-04 | 钱昊铖 | Acoustic-wave-method gas pipeline leakage monitoring method based on ANN (Artificial Neural Network) |
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| CN104180168A (en) * | 2014-08-25 | 2014-12-03 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Device and method for inner leakage detection of two-channel natural gas pipeline ball valve |
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