CN103109255A - 用户接口系统 - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
- G06F3/044—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
- G06F3/0443—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means using a single layer of sensing electrodes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
- G06F3/045—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means using resistive elements, e.g. a single continuous surface or two parallel surfaces put in contact
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/016—Input arrangements with force or tactile feedback as computer generated output to the user
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
- G06F3/0487—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser
- G06F3/0488—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser using a touch-screen or digitiser, e.g. input of commands through traced gestures
- G06F3/04886—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser using a touch-screen or digitiser, e.g. input of commands through traced gestures by partitioning the display area of the touch-screen or the surface of the digitising tablet into independently controllable areas, e.g. virtual keyboards or menus
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
- G06F3/0487—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser
- G06F3/0489—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser using dedicated keyboard keys or combinations thereof
- G06F3/04895—Guidance during keyboard input operation, e.g. prompting
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
- G06F2203/041—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/041 - G06F3/045
- G06F2203/04103—Manufacturing, i.e. details related to manufacturing processes specially suited for touch sensitive devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
- G06F2203/048—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/048
- G06F2203/04809—Textured surface identifying touch areas, e.g. overlay structure for a virtual keyboard
Abstract
用户接口系统的一种实施方式包括:一定体积的流体;触觉层;保持壁,其基本上不渗透所述流体;可渗透层;移位装置;以及触摸传感器。具有后表面的触觉层限定了在如下状态之间可操作的第二区域:收缩状态,其中第二区域大致与第一区域齐平;以及扩展状态,其中第二区域大致高出第一区域。接合到第一区域的后表面的可渗透层包括多个流体端口,所述多个流体端口通过可渗透层将流体的一部分传递到第二区域的后表面。移位装置通过流体端口将流体导引至后表面,以将第二区域从收缩状态转变到扩展状态。触摸传感器检测触觉层上的用户触摸。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2010年8月20日提交的美国临时申请第61/405,140号的权益,其通过引入被全部并入。
本申请与2008年1月4日提交且题为“System and Methodfor RaisedTouch Screens”的美国申请第11/969,848号、2009年1月5日提交且题为“User Interface System”的美国申请第12/319,334号、以及2009年7月3日提交且题为“User Interface System”的美国申请第12/497,622号相关,其全体通过本引用被整体并入本文。
技术领域
本发明大体上涉及用户接口领域,且更具体地涉及在基于触摸的接口领域中的新的和有用的用户接口。
背景
触敏显示器(例如,触摸屏)允许用户将命令和数据直接输入到显示器中,这在各种应用中可以是特别有用的。触摸屏的常见应用包括消费者产品,例如移动电话和用于工业过程控制的用户接口。根据特定的应用,这些触敏显示器通常被用在装置中,该装置范围从小型手持式PDA到中等大小的平板电脑到大型工业器具。对于用户通常方便的是在同一显示器上输入和读取数据。与专用的输入装置例如具有离散的意义明确的键的键盘不同,大多数触敏显示器通常是平坦的。因此,触敏屏幕不提供用于一个或多个控制“按钮”的显著的触觉引导。相反,触敏显示器依赖于视觉提示(例如,所显示的图像)来引导用户输入。
因此,触敏显示器的一个严重的缺点是当试图准确地输入数据时用户面临的固有困难,因为相邻的按钮是不能借助感觉区分的。不正确的击键是常见的,其通常迫使用户既集中在键盘上(以正确地输入下一次击键)又集中在文字输入行(以检查错误);一般,用户被迫将他或她的眼睛关注于显示器上。在Apple公司的iPhone和RIM公司的BlackBerry88oo之间的竞争中,触觉引导的重要性是显而易见的。触敏显示器和物理硬按钮各自都有优点和缺点,而且数字装置通常并入一个这样的组件或其它。
因此,在基于触摸的接口领域中需要为数字显示器创建新的和有用的接口,其并入用于一个或多个控制按钮的触觉引导。
附图简述
图1是具有邻近储器(proximal reservoir)的用户接口系统的一种优选实施方式的示意性表示;
图2是处于扩展状态的用户接口系统的一种实施方式的示意性表示;
图3是具有限定具有邻近于第二区域的凹形轮廓的支撑表面的可渗透层的用户接口系统的一种实施方式的示意性表示;
图4A和图4B是具有多孔的可渗透层和分别具有和不具有储器的用户接口系统的一种实施方式的示意图;
图5是具有邻近储器和远程储器的用户接口系统的一种实施方式的示意性表示;
图6是具有邻近储器和移位装置的用户接口系统的一种实施方式的示意性表示,该移位装置是电气泵;
图7包括用户接口系统的优选实施方式的各种可操作状态的示意图;
图8是被并入具有数字显示器的电子装置中的优选实施方式的透视图,以及其中的优选实施方式的操作的流程图;以及
图9是优选实施方式的透视图和其中的优选实施方式的操作的流程图。
优选实施方式描述
本发明的优选实施方式的以下描述不旨在将本发明限制于这些优选实施方式,而是旨在使本领域中的任何技术人员都能够制造和使用本发明。
如图1所示,优选实施方式的用户接口系统100包括:一定体积的流体110;触觉层120;保持壁130;可渗透层140;移位装置150;和触摸传感器160。触觉层120限定可由用户触摸的外触觉表面124和与所述触觉表面124相对的后表面125;触觉层120还包括第一区域121和第二区域122,其中,第二区域122在收缩状态和扩展状态之间是可操作的,第二区域122在收缩状态中基本上与第一区域121是齐平的,第二区域122在扩展状态中基本上高出第一区域121。保持壁130基本上是不可透过流体110的。可渗透层140,其被布置在触觉层120和保持壁130之间,被接合到第一区域121的后表面125并限定第二区域122下面的支撑表面142;可渗透层140还包括多个流体端口(fluid port)144,该多个流体端口通过可渗透层140将流体110的一部分传递到第二区域122的后表面125。移位装置150与保持壁130协作以通过流体端口144将流体110的一部分导引到后表面125,以将第二区域122从收缩状态转换到扩展状态。触摸传感器160被耦合到保持壁130并检测触觉表面124上的用户触摸。用户接口系统100还可以包括:储器170,其容纳所述一定体积的流体110的一部分;数字显示器190,其将图像传输给用户;附着点180,其将触觉层120接合到可渗透层140;和/或压力传感器,其检测靠近用户接口系统100的周围空气压力。
用户接口系统100运行以使触觉层120的第二区域122变形,以当操作用户接口被耦合到的装置时向用户提供触觉引导。用户接口系统100基本上类似于在题为“User Interface System”美国专利申请第12/319,334号中所描述的和/或在题为“User Interface System”美国专利申请第12/497,622号中所描述的用户接口系统,其通过本引用被全部并入。用户接口系统100优选与视觉引导(例如,由数字显示器190输出的并通过触觉表面124传输的图像)协作,以向用户提供消息、选择或任何其它合适类型的通信,但可选地,可以独立于视觉引导来操作。用户接口系统100优选提供大体上适合于本装置的使用的触觉引导。用户接口系统100可以使触觉层120的另外的区域独立地和/或与第二区域122同时地变形,以提供对本装置的使用的进一步的适应性。图7B和7C描绘了被独立地变形的第二区域122和第三区域123。用户接口系统100优选被应用在静态的图像(例如,标签)或动态的(例如,来自数字显示器190)的图像上;用户接口优选大体上是透明的,以允许图像通过用户接口系统100传输。然而,用户接口系统100的任何其它合适的光学特性可以是足够的。如图8所示,优选实施方式中的用户接口系统100可被并入包括数字显示器的电子装置中,例如车辆控制台、台式计算机、便携式计算机、平板计算机、电视、无线电装置、台式电话、移动电话、智能电话、PDA、个人导航装置、个人媒体播放器、摄像机或手表。优选实施方式中的用户接口系统100还可被并入不具有数字显示器的电子装置中,例如,被并入到车辆的方向盘、遥控器或键盘上。然而,用户接口系统100可被并入触觉和/或视觉地与用户接口的任何合适的装置。
优选实施方式中的一定体积的流体110起作用以将流体压力传输到第二区域122的后表面125,以激发第二区域122的变形。流体110优选还起作用以当用户将力施加到变形的第二区域122时支撑变形的(即,扩展的)第二区域122。流体110优选实质上是不可压缩的流体,例如油、水、酒精和/或液体石蜡,但可选地可以是可压缩的流体,例如空气。然而,流体110可以是任何其它合适类型的流体。流体110的一部分优选被包含在可渗透层140内,例如可渗透层140的流体端口144内或由可渗透层140限定的腔体(例如,储器)内。如图1和图5所示,用户接口系统100还可包括近和/或远的储器,其分别存储流体110的一部分。然而,流体可以以任何其它合适的布置被布置在用户接口系统100内。在触觉层120、可渗透层140、移位装置150、触摸传感器160、储器170和/或用户接口系统100的任何其它单元与流体110接触的情况下,流体110优选实质上在化学性质上是惰性的;具体地,流体110优选不腐蚀且不被与流体110接触的用户接口系统100中的任何部件腐蚀。在用户接口系统100或用户接口系统100被应用到的装置的正常操作条件下,流体110的特性优选保持大体上不变。例如,如果用户接口系统100被用在飞机上,则流体110的特性优选在海平面和更高的海拔之间保持大体上不变。然而,流体110可具有任何其它合适的化学特性。
如图2和图5所示,优选实施方式中的触觉层120起作用以提供触觉表面124,触觉表面124是由用户可触摸的并以触摸的方式与用户接口。触觉层120优选是连续的,使得当用户使手指在触觉表面124上划刷时,在其中不会感觉出任何中断或接缝。触觉层120在收缩状态中也优选是平面的(即平的),但可选地可以形成非平面的(例如,弯曲的)表面。触觉层120可以被布置在单个平面上,但可选地可以沿第一平面和第二平面被布置。例如,触觉层120的一部分可被布置在装置的第一表面上,且触觉层120的第二部分可被布置在该装置的第二表面上,第二表面与第一表面相邻但不相接触。
如图9所示,触觉层120还起作用以当流体被移位到第二区域122的后表面125(例如,在第二区域122的后表面125的流体压力增加到大于周围空气压力)时,限定从收缩状态向外变形为扩展状态的第二区域122;第二区域122优选在扩展状态中高出于第一区域121并从而由用户触觉地可区分于第一可变形区域121。触觉层120还起作用以限定第一区域121,第一区域121不管第二区域122的状态如何而保持大体上不变形。当流体110从第二区域122的后表面125被抽出(或流体压力被释放)时,第二区域122优选“松弛”或“不变形”回收缩状态;在收缩状态下,第二区域122优选在触觉表面124处与第一区域121齐平。在凹进状态下,触觉层120还可以向内朝向由可渗透层140(在图3中所示出的)限定的凹形轮廓变形和/或符合由可渗透层140(在图3中所示出的)限定的凹形轮廓;被抽离第二区域122的后表面125的流体优选将第二区域122拉入凹形轮廓。凹进状态优选为用户提供可区分于收缩状态和扩展状态的另外的触觉反馈。第二区域122优选在扩展和收缩状态之间是可操作的,但也可以仅仅在扩展和凹进状态之间或在全部的扩展、收缩和凹进状态之间是可操作的;然而,第二区域122可以是在任何其它状态下可操作的。
触觉层120优选是有弹性的,以允许第二区域122在各种状态下的变形。在第一变体形式中,触觉层120在特定的(例如,邻近于第二区域122)区域中是相对更有弹性的并且在其它的(例如,邻近于第一区域121)区域中是相对更低弹性的;因此,触觉层120优选更能够在相对更有弹性的区域变形。在第二变体形式中,触觉层120大体上是均匀地有弹性的。在第三变体形式中,触觉层120包括智能材料例如镍钛(通常被称为“镍钛诺”)或者由其组成。触觉层120也优选大体上是光学透明的,但可选地可以是半透明或不透明的。触觉层120优选具有如下特性:高的光传输率;低雾度;宽的观察角;最小的背面反射率(例如,在用户接口系统100被应用于发射光的数字显示器190的变体形式中);耐划伤性;耐化学性;耐腐蚀性;气体和/或液体不透过性;和平滑度(即触摸起来不发粘或粗糙)。此外或可选地,该表面可以包括提供这些所需特性中的任何特性的涂层。触觉层120优选是由合适的弹性材料制成的,如聚合物和/或硅基弹性体。这样的合适的材料包括:聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS);RTV硅橡胶(例如,RTV硅橡胶615);聚氨酯;热固性塑料(例如,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA));和光固化性耐溶剂性弹性体(例如,全氟聚醚)。然而,触觉层120可以由任何合适的材料制成。在一种变体形式中,触觉层120是小于1mm厚的单一的均质的(例如,在整个层是相同材料的)层,且在优选变体形式中,触觉层120的厚度在50um至200um之间。在另一形式中,触觉层120可使用多个层和/或相同或不同的合适的材料和厚度的涂层构造。
触觉层120优选相邻于可渗透层140,且触觉层120的第一区域121优选被选择性地附着、粘附或以其它方式接合到可渗透层140,使得触觉层120的第一区域121被保持对着可渗透层140。然而,触觉层120可被接合到可渗透层140,而触摸传感器160的一部分(例如,电极)被置于可渗透层140和触觉层120之间。触摸传感器160可被接合到触觉层120,且因此与触觉层120一起变形,使得触觉传感器和触觉表面124之间的距离大体上被保持。这在触摸传感器160即电容式触摸传感器160的变体形式中可以是特别重要的。
第一区域121优选限定与第二区域122的边界。由于流体通过流体端口144朝向触觉层120移位,所以仅仅被导引朝向未粘附到可渗透层140的触觉层120的一部分(即第二区域122)的流体离开可渗透层140并向外扩展触觉层120的自由部分,以产生该表面的变形的区域;该变形的区域优选是第二区域122并优选形成按钮。第一区域121(其被接合到可渗透层140)优选限制流体110从与第一区域121相邻的流体端口144离开出;因此,第一区域121(及接合到可渗透层140的其它区域)优选不被通过流体端口144抽取的流体变形。因此,第二区域122的周界优选由附着到可渗透层140的触觉层120的后表面125的一部分(例如,第一区域121)部分地限定。
触觉层120的第一区域121优选通过附着点180(或多个附着点)被对着可渗透层140保持;附着点180可以是一系列连续的点,例如线、曲线或区域,但可选地可以是一系列不连续的点。附着点180可以通过粘合剂粘合、化学制剂粘合、焊接、扩散结合或通过任何其它合适的附着材料和/或方法形成。附着点180可以包括布置在触觉层120和可渗透层140之间的一定体积的粘合剂或其它材料;可选地,附着点180可以在触觉层120的后表面125和可渗透层140之间实质上通过化学制剂粘合形成。形成附着点180的方法和/或材料优选产生具有光学特性的附着点,该光学特性大体上类似于触觉层120和/或可渗透层140的光学特性。附着点180优选限定第一区域121和第二区域122之间的边界,其中,第一区域121对着可渗透层140被保持,且第二区域122保持自由,以在第二区域122的后表面125处流体压力变化的情况下变形。
优选实施方式中的可渗透层140起作用以限定支撑第二区域122的支撑表面142,并进一步限定通过可渗透层140将流体110的一部分传递到第二区域122的后表面125的多个流体端口144。流体110的一部分被导引通过流体端口144中的任何端口并朝向触觉表面124,该流体110的一部分优选向外使第二区域122变形。
可渗透层140的流体端口144优选例如通过保持壁130、触觉层120和/或周壁实质上与周围密封隔离;流体端口144还优选实质上填充有流体110,其优选防止污染和所述一定体积的流体110与另一流体的不希望的混合。在流体110是液体石蜡的例子中,流体端口144实质上填充有石蜡,且可渗透层140实质上通过保持壁130和可渗透层140与周围密封隔离,以便防止空气进入流体端口144;流体110的这样的污染可能引起液体石蜡内的气泡,导致透明度下降和/或对通过用户接口系统100的光透射(即图像)的增加的阻塞。在包括将动态图像输出给用户的数字显示器190的变体形式中,这样的透明度的下降和阻塞的增加对用户接口系统100的操作可以是特别有害的。
可渗透层140可以是几种变体形式中的一种。在第一变体形式中,如图4所示,可渗透层140是由限定了一系列互连的腔体的实质上多孔的材料制成的,所述一系列互连的腔体形成流体端口144;所述腔体优选含有所述一定体积的流体110的一部分并导引流体通过可渗透层140;可渗透层140因此可渗透流体110。在可渗透层140是多孔的这种变体形式中,被施加跨越可渗透层140的一部分的电场可以影响可渗透层140的孔隙率的变化;在这种变体形式中,可渗透层140因此可以在打开或关闭流体110朝向或来自第二区域122的流动中执行阀的功能。然而,可选地,加热元件可以加热可渗透层140的一部分,以影响在可渗透层140的所述部分的孔隙率和/或流体110的一部分的粘度上的变化。在包括至少部分地由可渗透层140限定的储器170的变体形式中,如图4B所示,对储器170打开的腔体可在储器170和触觉层120之间传递流体110。这种变体形式中的可渗透层140可以是大体上海绵状的。用户接口系统100优选是大体上透明的,使得图像可以通过用户接口系统100传输;因此,这种变体形式中的可渗透层140优选是大体上透明的多孔材料,例如透明的硅土气凝胶、透明的聚合物和/或透明的陶瓷。然而,该第一变体形式中的可渗透层140可以是任何其它合适类型的多孔材料。
在第二变体形式中,如图3所示,可渗透层140限定了形成流体端口144的一系列通道。该通道优选是大致上圆柱形的几何形状;具体地,流体端口144优选由通道限定,所述通道是横截面大体上是圆形的大体上平行的孔,其大体上垂直于支撑表面142地完全穿过可渗透层140。然而,所述通道(即流体端口144)可以是任何其它几何形状或横截面的。所述通道优选基本上是足够小的,以对用户是基本上在触觉上难以察觉的。所述通道还可以是光学上对用户不可见的,从而最小化通过可渗透层140透射的图像的光学失真,虽然流体110可以具有实质上与可渗透层140的折射率类似的折射率以最小化这样的光学失真。所述通道还可以如此小以是人眼不能探察的,即使是以与可渗透层140的光学特性不同的光学特性(例如,折射率)的流体(例如,气体、空气、液体)填充的时候。在包括大致上圆柱形的通道的变体形式中,每个通道如果优选具有小于500um的直径,则通过每个通道,优选具有100um的或小于可区分于触摸或由肉眼视线可区分的最大特征尺寸的最大直径。所述通道可例如通过激光烧蚀、批量加工、常规钻孔或蚀刻被加工到可渗透层140中。可选地,所述通道可以在可渗透层140的制造期间形成,例如通过使用结合了通道形成功能的模具来处理可渗透层140。可选地,可渗透层140可以包括捆绑在一起并通过固定材料例如粘合剂保持的一系列单独的通道(例如,管)。然而,可以使用形成可渗透层140内的通道的任何其它合适的方法。由于用户接口系统100优选能够将图像传输给用户,所以第二变体形式中的可渗透层140优选包括大体上透明的材料,例如:玻璃;弹性体;硅基有机聚合物,例如聚-二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS),或其它聚合物;热固性塑料,例如聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA);或光固化性、耐溶剂性的弹性体,例如,全氟聚醚。然而,可渗透层140可以是任何其它合适的材料的或几何形状的。
优选实施方式中的可渗透层140还起作用以限定与第二区域122相邻的支撑表面142。支撑表面142优选是刚性的,从而提供“硬停止(hardstop)”,其限制由于由用户施加到触觉表面124的力而引起的第二区域122向内的变形。因此,支撑表面142可以防止用户“按太多”到触觉表面124中。支撑表面142可以延伸超出第二区域122,以同样支撑触觉层120的任何其它区域或区。在可渗透层140保持以大致上平面的形式的第一区域121且支撑表面142(在第二区域122下面)也是大致上平面的变体形式中,支撑表面142可以防止由于用户施加到触觉表面124的力而引起的第二区域122超出第一区域121的平面的向内变形。此外,可渗透层140优选与触觉层120协作以实质上减小当特别是在收缩状态下沿第二区域122使手指划过触觉表面124时由用户感觉到的“凹痕”或中断的大小和/或数量。凹痕优选由流体端口144限定,且触觉层120优选具有远大于流体端口144的横截面的厚度,使得触觉层120不能明显地变形到流体端口的开口中;流体端口144因此可以是用户察觉不到的。然而,可以使用可渗透层140和触觉层120的任何其它合适的布置。
优选实施方式中的保持壁130起作用以支撑可渗透层140,并防止流体逸出与可渗透层140相对的用户接口系统100。因此,优选实施方式中的保持壁130优选起作用来与移位装置150协作,以通过流体端口144将流体110的一部分导引至第二区域122的后表面125。具体地,保持壁130的布置防止被移位到可渗透层140中的流体110离开与触觉层相对的可渗透层140,因此,保持壁130导引流体110靠近潜在的流体的离开点,并导引流体110朝向触觉层。保持壁130基本上不可渗透流体110,使得流体110不可以通过保持壁130。在第一变体形式中,保持壁130被直接接合到与支撑表面142相对的可渗透层140。在这种变体形式中,保持壁130关闭与支撑表面142相对的流体端口144,使得当移位装置150增加可渗透层140内的流体压力时流体无法渗出与支撑表面142相对的可渗透层140;通过关闭可渗透层140的这一侧上的流体端口144,可渗透层140内的流体压力的增加导引流体110朝向支撑表面142并使第二区域122向外扩展。例如,在可渗透层140的第二变体形式中,由可渗透层140限定的流体端口144不起作用,以大致上封闭流体110的一部分;因此,保持壁起作用以给由可渗透层140限定的流体端口144中的每一个提供底壁,从而防止流体从与支撑表面相对的侧不希望地流出可渗透层140。因此,保持壁130便于可渗透层140内的流体110的一部分的容纳。在第二变体形式中,保持壁130被耦合到与支撑表面142相对的可渗透层140,但与之偏离,从而与可渗透区域协作以至少部分地限定可渗透层140和保持壁130之间的储器170;储器170还可由周壁部分地限定。在该第二变体形式中,保持壁130基本上抵抗由于储器170内的流体压力增加(由移位装置150产生)引起的变形并防止流体渗出通过保持壁130,从而导引流体通过可渗透层140并朝向第二区域122的后表面125,以扩展第二区域122。然而,保持壁130可以是任何其它几何形状和/或布置的。
保持壁130可以是被施加到与触觉层120相对的可渗透层140的涂层,例如沉积于其上的大体上透明的密封层,但可选地可以是布置在数字显示器上并粘附到可渗透层140的具有实质厚度的单独的层,例如玻璃或聚碳酸酯基板。保持壁130还可以包括支架和/或支柱,其被接合到可渗透层140并使保持壁130保持大致上偏离可渗透层140。然而,保持壁130可以是任何其它几何形状的,并且可通过任何其它方法被耦合到可渗透层140。
移位装置150优选起作用以移位流体端口144内的流体并朝向第二区域122的后表面125,以在扩展状态下使第二区域122向外变形。移位装置150可以是几种变体形式中的任一种,包括机械泵(例如,正排量、脉冲或者速度泵)、电动(例如,电渗)泵、夹具、活塞型移位装置(示于图9)或能够使流体移位的任何其它合适的装置。为了使第二区域122从收缩状态转变到扩展状态,移位装置150优选在实质上远离支撑表面142的可渗透层140内产生相对高压的区域;这优选诱导流体流向邻近第二区域122的后表面125的相对低压的区域(即,跨越压力梯度),从而扩展第二区域122。为了使第二区域122从扩展状态转变到回撤状态(或从收缩状态到凹进状态),移位装置150优选在实质上远离支撑表面142的可渗透层140内产生相对低压的区域;这优选诱导流体流动远离第二区域122的后表面125,从而收缩第二区域122。因此,移位装置150通过流体端口144将流体110的一部分导引至后表面125,以使第二区域122从收缩状态转变到扩展状态,并且移位装置150从流体端口144导引流体110的一部分,以使第二区域122从扩展状态转变到收缩状态和/或从收缩状态转变到凹进状态。
在创建了流体压力梯度以激发流体110的移位装置150的变体形式中,压力梯度优选在第二区域122变形以吸收压力变化时消失。一旦第二区域122是在所希望的状态(例如,扩展、收缩或凹进状态)下,则用户接口系统100内的流体压力优选达到一个稳定且恒定的状态;移位装置150优选维持系统内的这个流体压力,以将第二区域122保持在所需状态下。在包括储器170的用户接口系统100的变体形式中,移位装置150可以创建跨越储器170和流体端口144的压力梯度,以激发流体110从储器170到流体端口144,或反之亦然。
移位装置150优选是正排量微泵,例如来自德国巴特尔斯的ThinXXsMicrotechnology AG公司的泵#MDP2205或来自德国多特蒙德的BartelsMikrotechnik GmbH公司的泵#mp5。然而,移位装置150可以是任何其它合适类型的。合适类型的正排量泵包括旋转式、往复式、齿轮、螺旋、螺杆泵、罗茨式、蠕动、活塞、隔膜或绳泵。合适类型的冲击式泵包括液压柱塞泵,且合适类型的速度泵包括径向和轴向流离心泵和喷射式泵。
可选地,在包括被置于可渗透层140和保持壁130之间的储器170的用户接口系统100的变体形式中,机械泵可以包括耦合到可渗透层140和支撑表面142的夹具,如图1和图4所示,其中,所述夹具修改保持壁130的一部分相对于可渗透层140的方向。这优选减小(或增加)了储器170的容积,从而增加(或减小)储器170内的流体压力并激发朝向(或从)流体端口144的流体以扩展(或收缩)第二区域122。
类似地,移位装置150可以使可渗透层140变形,以移位流体110的一部分。例如,移位装置150可以压缩可渗透层140的一部分,从而减小可渗透层140的体积并激发流体通过流体端口144以使第二区域122向外变形;移位装置150因此可以将流体110“挤压”出可渗透层140并朝向触觉层120。可渗透层140可被均匀地变形;例如,移位装置150可以是大体上横跨与支撑表面142相对的可渗透层140而布置的夹具,其中,所述夹具通过激发保持壁130朝向触觉层120来压缩可渗透层140。可选地,移位装置150可以仅压缩可渗透层140的一部分,例如实质上靠近第二区域122的可渗透层140的部分。在这种变体形式中,移位装置150可以在实质上一个方向上压缩可渗透层140,但可选地可以在多于一个的方向例如垂直和水平方向上压缩可渗透层140,或者可以通过扭转使可渗透层140变形。然而,从可渗透层140移位流体110的一部分以使第二区域122变形的可渗透层140的其它合适的变形也是可能的。
移位装置150还可以是电动泵,其提供跨越可渗透层140的一部分的电压梯度,以诱导电渗流体流过流体端口144。由于粘性力基本上阻碍流体流过非常小的通道,所以电渗驱动的流体流动在用户接口系统100中可以是有利的,在该用户接口系统100中,流体端口144的横截面实质上很小。如图2所示,移位装置150可以通过在支撑表面142上的大致上透明的导电迹线152处产生第一电压以及在可渗透层140的相对侧上的透明的导电迹线上产生第二(不同的)电压来产生跨越可渗透层140的电压梯度;因此,随后的电压梯度激发流体通过流体端口144。在用户接口系统100的变体形式中,其中触摸传感器160是大体上被布置在可渗透层140和触觉层120之间、可渗透层140内或在可渗透层140和保持壁130之间的电容式传感器,触摸传感器160的电极也可以用作电移位装置150的导电迹线152的一部分。然而,移位装置150可以产生跨越用户接口系统100的任何其它合适的部分或单元的电压梯度,以诱导电渗流体流动。
此外,移位装置150可以包括加热流体110的一部分(例如,在可渗透层140内)的加热元件,以扩展流体110的所述一部分并从而扩展第二区域122。在这个例子中,散热器也可以被包含在用户接口系统100中,其中散热器将热量从流体110的所述一部分抽出,以便冷却所述流体并收缩第二区域122。
优选实施方式中的触摸传感器160起作用以产生输出,该输出指示靠近触觉表面124的用户动作。所述输出优选是由处理器或装置内的其它组件可读取的,用户接口系统100被布置在所述装置上。触摸传感器160优选识别用户动作,该用户动作是触觉表面124上的手指触摸,但触摸传感器160可以识别任何其它物体(例如触笔、用户的手掌或用户的多个手指)的触摸。虽然触摸传感器160优选检测在第二区域122处的靠近触觉表面124的用户动作(例如,其中用户按压扩展的第二区域122),触摸传感器160还可以检测靠近触觉层120的任何其它区域的用户动作。
触摸传感器160可以检测当第二区域只在收缩状态、只在扩展状态、只在凹进状态下时的用户动作。然而,触摸传感器160优选检测在第二区域122处的用户触摸,而不管第二区域122的状态,尽管触摸传感器160也可以在收缩、扩展(和凹进)状态的每一个中产生对于靠近第二区域122的用户触摸的唯一的输出。如上面所解释的,触摸传感器160的一部分的方向可被操控,以便贯穿第二区域122的各种状态维持触摸传感器160的所述一部分和触觉层120之间的距离;这优选通过将触摸传感器160的一部分接合到触觉层120的后表面125来实现,如图7所示:图7A描绘了在收缩状态下的第二区域122,其中触摸传感器160的所述部分与可渗透层140的支撑表面142相邻;图7B描绘了在扩展状态下的第二区域122,其中触摸传感器160的所述部分被接合到第二区域122的后表面并随第二区域122的后表面变形。
触摸传感器160优选是电容式触摸传感器160,如图8和9所示,其中,触摸传感器160可以是第一导电迹线152A(即,驱动线)和第二导电迹线152B(即,感应线);因此,在触觉表面124上的用户触摸优选由触摸传感器160通过迹线152A、152B捕捉。然而,触摸传感器160可以通过任何其它合适的技术,例如光学、电阻式、表面声波、红外、色散信号或声音脉冲识别传感器技术,来感应用户触摸。
触摸传感器160优选被接合到与可渗透层140相对的保持壁130,其中,触摸传感器160通过保持壁130、可渗透层140和触觉层120检测用户动作。然而,触摸传感器160的任何部分可被置于用户接口系统100的任何其它组件之间、接合到用户接口系统100的任何其它组件和/或物理上与用户接口系统100的任何其它组件共同延伸;触摸传感器160因此可被直接或间接地耦合到保持壁130。在触摸传感器160的变体形式中,该触摸传感器160是包括至少一个电极层的电容式触摸传感器160(例如,自电容触摸传感器160),触摸传感器160的一部分可以被布置在可渗透层140内。在第一个例子中,可渗透层140在触摸传感器160的电极层周围被注射成型;在第二个例子中,可渗透层140包括粘附到触摸传感器160的电极层的两个(每侧上一个)可渗透片材,从而形成物理上共同延伸的可渗透层140和触摸传感器160部分。触摸传感器160还可包括在一侧上粘合到保持壁130的层和在相对侧上的可渗透层140,或者触摸传感器160可以是耦合到保持壁130的触敏显示器(即,触摸传感器160和显示器190是物理上共同延伸的)。在上述例子中,电极层优选是可渗透流体的,例如并入通孔、通穴或通槽。然而,触摸传感器160可以是任何其它类型、几何形状或布置的,例如在如于2009年1月5日提交的并且题为“UserInterface System”的美国申请号12/319,334和于2009年7月3日提交的并且题为“User Interface System and Method”的美国申请号12/497,622所述的感应系统中,其通过本引用被全部并入。
用户接口系统100还可以包括耦合到保持壁130的显示器190,其在视觉上为用户输出图像。为了向用户提供视觉引导,该图像优选是大致对准第二区域122的输入键。显示器190优选是数字显示器,例如LCD、LED、ELP或通常布置在车辆控制台、台式计算机、便携式计算机、平板计算机、电视、无线电装置、桌上电话、移动电话、智能电话、PDA、个人导航装置、个人媒体播放器、摄像机或手表中的任何中的其它类型的数字显示器。数字显示器190优选被接合到与可渗透层140的相对的保持壁130,但可选地可以在物理上与保持壁130、触摸传感器160和/或可渗透层140共同延伸。显示器190优选生成图像,且可渗透层140和触觉层120协作地将来自显示器190的图像传递给用户;保持壁130和/或触摸传感器160也可以协作以将图像传递给用户。因此,可渗透层140和触觉层120(及保持壁130和/或触摸传感器160)大体上是透明的,对光基本上是非阻碍的,并且具有基本上最小的内部反射率。
用户接口系统100还可以包括周壁,其大体上包围可渗透层140的周界,与保持壁130和触觉层120协作以保持大致在可渗透层140内的流体110。触觉层120和保持壁130优选大体上包围可渗透层140的相对的宽的表面之间的流体110,且周壁优选环绕可渗透层140,以防止流体从可渗透层140的周界侧漏出。这在可渗透层140的第一变体形式(其包括具有相连的腔体的大致上海绵状的材料,如图4所示)中可以是特别重要的:被导引朝向触觉层120的不可变形(第一)区域的流体可以被重新导引大致上从侧面通过相连的腔体;虽然因此流体110被有利地激发朝向触觉层120的可变形(第二)区域,但是流体110还可以被导引出可渗透层140的周界侧,从而释放可渗透层140内的流体压力,并限制触觉层120的可变形区域的向外变形。(然而,有利地,在这种变体形式和流体端口144在大致垂直于支撑表面142的方向上传递流体110的一部分的任何其它变体形式中,移位装置150可以增加靠近第一区域121和第二区域122二者的可渗透层140内的流体压力,但仅朝向第二区域122抽出流体110并因此仅使第二区域122变形)。因此,周壁防止这样的流体压力的释放,并优选并入可渗透层140的这种变体形式(和潜在的其它变体形式)中。在另一变体形式中,周壁与保持壁130、可渗透层140和电子装置中的任何进行协作以限定储器170。周壁可以大致上独立于可渗透层140,但也可以是与可渗透层140集成的、或是与保持壁130在物理上共同延伸的。然而,周壁还可以是在物理上与触觉层120、保持壁130或用户接口系统100的任何其它单元共同延伸的。在移位装置修改保持壁130的一部分的方向的变体形式中,周壁优选在必要的地方变形以适应方向上的变化。
如上所述,用户接口系统100可以包括储器170,其容纳流体110的一部分。储器170优选是大致上与可渗透层140相邻的邻近储器,如图1和图5所示,但也可以是远程储器,如图5所示。当流体110被朝向触觉层120移位时,额外的流体优选由储器170提供给可渗透层140;当流体110被移位而远离触觉层120时,流体110优选由储器170重新收集。储器170也可以将流体补充到可渗透层140,例如在流体110的泄漏或其它损失之后,尽管储器170可以提供额外的流体用于任何其它合适的功能。储器170优选通过移位装置150被耦合到可渗透层140(即移位装置150被布置在储器170和可渗透层140之间),使得移位装置150将流体从储器170中抽出并朝向可渗透层140,且反之亦然。此外,储器170可以是实质上刚性的,使得当流体110被从其抽出时,储器170基本上不变形,但可选地,储器170可以是实质上可变形的,例如在储器170是当流体被抽离或抽入储器170时变形的柔韧的(例如,塑料、硅树脂或橡胶)囊的变体形式中。然而,储器170可以用任何其它合适的方式来布置并采取任何其它形式。
储器170是邻近储器170的变体形式优选与可渗透层140直接流体接触,如在图1和图5所示。邻近储器170可被耦合到(或部分被限定)与支撑表面142相对的可渗透层140,但可选地,其可以是可渗透层140内的实质上大的腔体并含有可由任意数量的流体端口144达到的流体。邻近储器170还可以包括支持邻近储器170并实质上维持储器170的形状的支柱139,如在图5中所示的支柱139。在可渗透层140是多孔的变体形式中,可渗透层140可以从任何侧接收流体;因此,邻近储器170可被布置在任何合适的方向上以将流体110传递到可渗透层140的任何侧。储器170是远程储器的变体形式优选通过通道耦合到可渗透层140(或额外的邻近储器),但可以使用任何其它合适的单元或方法被耦合。
储器170还可以包括对用户接口系统100内的流体110进行移位的第二移位装置150。这优选降低了移位装置150上的负荷,并且在包括远程储器的变体形式中可以是特别有用的,其中,流体110必须在相当大的距离的范围内被移位。例如,远程储器可被耦合到第二移位装置150,其是一种夹具,其中,所述夹具可手动操作已将流体移位朝向可渗透层140。在这个例子中,夹具可以是移动电话或任何其它合适的装置上的铰链和/或滑块,使得当被致动时,流体从远程储器中被抽出并被激发朝向可渗透层140(或反之亦然)。但是,任何其它合适类型的第二移位装置150可被使用并可以或可以不与移位装置150实质上类似。第二移位装置150还可被用来取代移位装置150。
用户接口系统100还可以包括压力传感器,其检测靠近用户接口系统100的周围空气压力(或气压或大气压)。压力传感器可以是任何类型的压力传感器,例如压阻、电容、电磁、压电、光学的或电位压力传感器。在收缩状态下,移位装置150优选调整第二区域122的后表面125处的流体压力,以大体上匹配周围空气压力,使得第二区域122不会不希望地产生变形(即偏离与第一区域121齐平)。例如,在收缩状态下,当用户接口系统100从大致是海平面被转移到明显高的海拔时,移位装置150优选降低第二区域122的后表面125处的流体压力,使得第二区122在面对更高海拔处的减小的周围空气压力时不向外变形。压力传感器也可以作为移位装置150的参考,其中,在扩展(或凹进)状态下,移位装置150通过高于(或低于)周围空气压力的预先指定的压力来增大(或减小)第二区域122的后表面125处的压力,使得第二区域122在各种周围空气压力下大致相同地变形。然而,压力传感器可以以任何其它方式起作用和/或与移位装置150协作。
正如从之前的详细描述和从附图以及权利要求书中本领域技术人员将认识到的,可以对本发明的优选实施方式做出修改和改变,而不脱离如在下面的权利要求中所限定的本发明的范围。
Claims (29)
1.一种用户接口系统,包括:
·一定体积的流体;
·触觉层,其限定由用户可触摸的外部触觉表面和与所述触觉表面相对的后表面,所述触觉层包括第一区域和第二区域,其中,所述第二区域在如下状态之间是可操作的:
○收缩状态,其中,所述第二区域大致与所述第一区域齐平;以及
○扩展状态,其中,所述第二区域大致高出所述第一区域;
·保持壁,其大致上不渗透所述流体;
·可渗透层,其被置于所述触觉层和所述保持壁之间,所述可渗透层被接合到所述第一区域的所述后表面并限定在所述第二区域下方的支撑表面,其中所述可渗透层包括多个流体端口,所述多个流体端口通过所述可渗透层的一部分将所述流体的一部分传递到所述第二区域的所述后表面;
·移位装置,其与所述保持壁协作以通过所述流体端口将所述流体的一部分导引至所述触觉层的所述后表面,以将所述第二区域从所述收缩状态转变到所述扩展状态;以及
·触摸传感器,其耦合到所述可渗透层并检测所述触觉层的所述触觉表面上的用户触摸。
2.如权利要求1所述的用户接口系统,其中所述支撑表面是大致上刚性的并提供硬停止,所述硬停止限制由于用户施加到所述触觉表面的力而引起的所述触觉层的向内变形。
3.如权利要求1所述的用户接口系统,其中所述移位装置从所述流体端口中抽出所述流体的一部分,以将所述第二区域从所述扩展状态转变到所述收缩状态。
4.如权利要求3所述的用户接口系统,其中,所述支撑表面限定在所述第二区域下面的凹形轮廓,其中,所述第二区域在凹进状态下还是可操作的,且其中所述移位装置从所述流体端口中抽出所述流体的一部分,以在所述凹进状态下将所述第二区域拉入所述凹形轮廓。
5.如权利要求1所述的用户接口系统,还包括容纳所述体积的流体的一部分的储器,其中所述移位装置将流体从所述储器移位到所述可渗透层的所述流体端口。
6.如权利要求5所述的用户接口系统,其中,所述储器由一侧上的所述保持壁以及由相对侧上的所述可渗透层至少部分地限定。
7.如权利要求6所述的用户接口系统,其中所述移位装置修改所述保持壁的一部分相对于所述可渗透层的定向,以将流体从所述储器导引到所述流体端口。
8.如权利要求1所述的用户接口系统,其中所述移位装置是电动泵,所述电动泵在所述可渗透层内产生电压差以通过所述流体端口诱导电渗流体流动,以向外扩展所述第二区域。
9.如权利要求8所述的用户接口系统,其中所述移位装置在布置在所述支撑表面上的第一导电迹线和与所述支撑表面相对地布置在所述可渗透层上的第二导电迹线的两端之间产生电压差。
10.如权利要求9所述的用户接口系统,其中所述触摸传感器是结合有所述移位装置的导电迹线的一部分的电容式传感器。
11.如权利要求1所述的用户接口系统,其中所述移位装置是机械泵,所述机械泵增大所述可渗透层中邻近所述保持壁的流体压力,并且其中所述保持壁抵抗由于流体压力的增大引起的变形并导引流体通过所述流体端口的一部分以扩展所述第二区域。
12.如权利要求1所述的用户接口系统,还包括将所述触觉层的所述后表面的一部分接合到所述可渗透层的附着点。
13.如权利要求12所述的用户接口系统,其中所述可渗透层限定与所述第一区域和所述第二区域相邻的流体端口的大致上均匀的密度,且其中所述附着点阻挡流体流过与所述第一区域相邻的至少一个流体端口。
14.如权利要求12所述的用户接口系统,其中,所述触觉层的所述第一区域和所述第二区域相邻并形成大致上连续的触觉表面,且其中所述附着点限定所述第一区域和所述第二区域之间的边界。
15.如权利要求1所述的用户接口系统,其中所述可渗透层限定直径实质上很小的所述流体端口,使得所述流体端口对触摸所述触觉表面的用户是触觉上不易察觉的。
16.如权利要求1所述的用户接口系统,其中所述触觉层的所述第二区域的向外变形形成按钮,且其中所述触摸传感器检测实质上靠近所述按钮的用户触摸。
17.如权利要求1所述的用户接口系统,其中所述触摸传感器是电容式触摸传感器。
18.如权利要求1所述的用户接口系统,其中所述保持壁与所述触摸传感器物理上共同延伸。
19.如权利要求1所述的用户接口系统,还包括耦合到所述保持壁的数字显示器,所述数字显示器在视觉上将图像输出给用户,其中所述图像是大致与所述第二区域对准的输入键。
20.如权利要求19所述的用户接口系统,其中所述数字显示器在物理上与所述保持壁共同延伸。
21.如权利要求20所述的用户接口系统,其中,所述触摸传感器的一部分实质上被布置在所述可渗透层内。
22.如权利要求19所述的用户接口系统,其中所述流体、所述可渗透层和所述触觉层协作地将来自所述显示器的图像传递给用户。
23.如权利要求1所述的用户接口系统,其中,所述触觉层还限定在收缩状态和扩展状态下可操作的第三区域,其中,所述移位装置与所述保持壁协作以通过所述流体端口将所述流体的一部分导引至所述后表面,以独立于所述第二区域而将所述第三区域从所述收缩状态转变到所述扩展状态。
24.如权利要求1所述的用户接口系统,还包括检测靠近所述用户接口系统的周围空气压力的压力传感器,其中,在所述收缩状态下,所述移位装置导引所述流体的一部分以使所述第二区域的所述后表面处的流体压力大致上匹配周围空气压力。
25.如权利要求1所述的用户接口系统,其中所述可渗透层是由包括形成所述流体端口的一系列互连腔体的实质上多孔的材料制成的。
26.如权利要求1所述的用户接口系统,其中所述可渗透层限定多个流体端口,所述多个流体端口是大致上平行的孔、横截面大致上为圆形、并大致上垂直于所述支撑表面地完全穿过所述可渗透层。
27.如权利要求1所述的用户接口系统,还包括周壁,所述周壁大致上包围所述可渗透层的周界并与所述保持壁和所述触觉层协作以将所述流体大致上保持在所述可渗透层内。
28.如权利要求27所述的用户接口系统,其中所述周壁和所述可渗透层还部分地限定容纳所述流体的一部分的储器。
29.如权利要求1所述的用户接口系统,其中所述流体端口不包含除所述体积的流体以外的流体,且其中所述流体端口实质上填充有所述流体。
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US20140285424A1 (en) | 2014-09-25 |
JP5647353B2 (ja) | 2014-12-24 |
EP2630562A1 (en) | 2013-08-28 |
US20120098789A1 (en) | 2012-04-26 |
WO2012054780A1 (en) | 2012-04-26 |
US9019228B2 (en) | 2015-04-28 |
JP2013543184A (ja) | 2013-11-28 |
KR20140037011A (ko) | 2014-03-26 |
US8704790B2 (en) | 2014-04-22 |
US20150253853A1 (en) | 2015-09-10 |
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