CN102024900A - Piezoelectric sensor, beam type concrete sensor, and preparation methods and application thereof - Google Patents
Piezoelectric sensor, beam type concrete sensor, and preparation methods and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102024900A CN102024900A CN 201010523624 CN201010523624A CN102024900A CN 102024900 A CN102024900 A CN 102024900A CN 201010523624 CN201010523624 CN 201010523624 CN 201010523624 A CN201010523624 A CN 201010523624A CN 102024900 A CN102024900 A CN 102024900A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a piezoelectric sensor. The piezoelectric sensor comprises an induction component, wherein the induction component comprises a piezoelectric material and a pair of electrodes positioned on the upper surface and the lower surface of the piezoelectric material; an encapsulated shell is wrapped outside the induction component; the pair of electrodes on the piezoelectric material are connected with each other through a screened lead running through the encapsulated shell; and the encapsulated shell is prepared by mixing epoxy resin, a curing agent and cement according to the mass ratio of the epoxy resin to the curing agent to the cement of 1:0.4:1. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the piezoelectric sensor, a beam type concrete sensor comprising the piezoelectric sensor and application thereof. The piezoelectric sensor is stable in signal, high in signal to noise ratio, small in road surface damage degree, high in durability, simple in preparation process and low in cost. The beam type concrete sensor is simple in preparation, adjustable in volume, high in sensitivity, high in response speed, insusceptible to damage during construction; and the calculated running speed of a vehicle is basically consistent with the actual running speed of the vehicle, the measuring result is accurate and the error is small.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of piezoelectric transducer and beam type concrete sensor and its production and application, particularly a kind of piezoelectric transducer that is used for traffic flow monitoring and vehicle speed measurement and beam type concrete sensor and its production and application.
Background technology
Along with China's rapid economy development, the highway of China is also being realized lasting, quick and orderly development.Yet, when the highway in China traffic develops rapidly, various dissimilar vehicular traffic numbers are also increasing, thing followed communications and transportation problem is also more outstanding, violations of rules and regulations such as various overload, hypervelocity increase, and traffic accident takes place frequently, and traffic environment constantly worsens, caused great threat for people's life and property safety, having developed gradually becomes a very serious social concern.
From beginning of the seventies 1960's Mo, since intelligent transportation system proposes, many developed countries and developing country propose development strategy separately in succession, attempt to adopt various relevant advanced science and technologies, the people that traffic system is involved, car, road and environment comprehensive make its performance intelligence effect together, thereby make traffic system reach safe, unobstructed, low public hazards and few target that consumes energy.Yet as element indispensable in the intelligent transportation system, vehicle monitoring transducer and technology thereof are particularly important, and the height of its monitoring level directly has influence on the overall operation and the managerial skills of highway and urban road monitor system.Development cost is low, function admirable, monitoring accuracy height, intelligent traffic monitoring scales applied widely are the emphasis of various countries' research.
At present, existing more traffic sensor/technology is developed and is used for Modern Traffic car weight, the speed of a motor vehicle, vehicle flowrate monitoring.Though these transducer/technology have many advantages at aspects such as vehicle identification and traffic flow monitorings, the shortcomings such as influence that also exist the reflected signal instability simultaneously, damage easily, the life-span is short, are subject to external environment have limited being extensive use of.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the sensor reflected signal instability, damage easily, life-span weak point, to be subject to the shortcoming that external environment influences, the invention provides a kind of piezoelectric transducer, that this piezoelectric transducer has is good, highly sensitive with the concrete compatibility, response speed is fast, the advantage that preparation technology is simple, cost is low.
The present invention also provides the preparation method and the application of this piezoelectric transducer in monitoring road traffic situation of this piezoelectric transducer.
For the accuracy that guarantees to measure, the invention provides a kind of beam type concrete sensor.
The present invention also provides the application in the speed of this beam type concrete sensor when monitor vehicle is passed through.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of piezoelectric transducer, comprise sensing element, described sensing element comprises piezoelectric and is positioned at the pair of electrodes of piezoelectric upper and lower surface, it is characterized in that: be covered with package casing in the sensing element external packets, pair of electrodes on the described piezoelectric links to each other by the shielded conductor that runs through package casing, and described package casing is got by 1: 0.4: 1 mass ratio is mixed by epoxy resin, curing agent and cement.
Consisting of of cement described in the above-mentioned piezoelectric transducer: titanate-containing sulpho-aluminate cement grog 70-80%, gypsum 5%-10%, lime stone 10%-20%.
In the above-mentioned piezoelectric transducer, described epoxy resin is preferably glycidol ether based epoxy resin or ethylene oxidic ester based epoxy resin; Described curing agent is diethylenetriamine or triethylene tetramine.
In the above-mentioned piezoelectric transducer, described piezoelectric is piezoelectric ceramic or cement base piezoelectric composite material, and piezoelectric ceramic is preferably lead zirconate titanate ceramic or magnesium niobium lead zirconate titanate pottery; Described electrode is conductive silver glue electrode, silver electrode or nickel electrode.Wherein cement base piezoelectric composite material is open in patent CN200910020484.5, does not repeat them here.
The preparation method of above-mentioned piezoelectric transducer, it is characterized in that may further comprise the steps: proportionally that polymer, curing agent and cement mixing is even, sensing element is put into mould, mixture with above-mentioned epoxy resin, curing agent and cement pours in the mould then, harden and got primary piezo sensor in 3 days, is that 20 ℃, relative humidity are maintenance 28 days in 100% the curing box with primary piezo sensor in temperature, promptly gets piezoelectric transducer of the present invention.The big I of transducer is adjusted according to the actual requirements.
Among the above-mentioned preparation method, in order to remove the pore that produces in the casting process, when sclerosis, mould is placed on and carries out vacuumize in the vacuum drying chamber, remove the pore that produces in the casting process, to improve the density and the insulation property of encapsulating material.Vacuum treated vacuum degree and temperature can be according to the purpose regulated at will, as long as reach the purpose of removing pore.
The frequency response of transducer is to measure one of important performance of dynamic response transducer.In order to detect the frequency response of piezoelectric transducer, this piezoelectric transducer keeps the amplitude of the sinusoidal load of input constant in loading procedure, changes the frequency of input load, from 0.1Hz to 40Hz, this frequency range comprises the frequency range of xoncrete structure, bridge structure vibration generation.Can find out that by the voltage waveform that piezoelectric transducer produced shown in Figure 3 under the sinusoidal load of different frequency, piezoelectric transducer all can produce the sinusoidal voltage waveform of standard.
The linearity of transducer is the important performance that guarantees that transducer is accurately measured.In order to detect the linear properties of piezoelectric transducer, in loading procedure, keep the frequency of the sinusoidal load of input constant, change the amplitude (peak to peak) of input load, the relation between output voltage amplitude and the input load amplitude is as shown in Figure 4.As can be seen from the figure, between sensor output voltage amplitude and input load amplitude, there is tangible linear relationship.
From Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 as can be seen, piezoelectric transducer of the present invention has the good frequency response and the linearity.In the traffic flow monitoring, the load that pedestrian and vehicle are produced is impulsive load, therefore, as long as piezoelectric transducer is imbedded below the road surface, by writing down it can monitor the road surface to the response of the impulsive load that pedestrian or vehicle produced traffics such as vehicle flowrate, the speed of a motor vehicle, car weight.Fig. 5 is the relation of piezoelectric transducer output voltage and impulsive load.As can be seen from Figure, the output of the voltage of transducer presents one-to-one relationship significantly with impulsive load.Varying in size of impulsive load, the piezoelectric signal of transducer output is also different, and piezoelectric transducer can accurately quickly respond to pulsed load and size thereof, so piezoelectric transducer is very suitable for the monitoring of traffic flow.
From above-mentioned explanation as can be seen, transducer sensitivity of the present invention and accuracy are all very high, therefore, transducer of the present invention can be used to monitor the road traffic situation, its application process is simple, only piezoelectric transducer is imbedded below the road surface, got final product traffics such as monitoring car flow, the speed of a motor vehicle, car weight by writing down its response to the impulsive load that pedestrian or vehicle produced.
In order to make piezoelectric transducer can measure the speed of a motor vehicle of car accurately, the invention provides the beam type concrete sensor, the big I of beam type concrete sensor is according to the situation adjustment on actual road surface.Beam type concrete sensor of the present invention comprises the beam type matrix, and described beam type matrix bottom is provided with two above-mentioned piezoelectric transducers, and described beam type matrix crossbeam inside is provided with framework of steel reinforcement; Described beam type matrix was by mass ratio 1: 0.47: 1.74: 3.16 cement, water, sand, stone cast form.
Beam type concrete sensor preparation method of the present invention is: at first the piezoelectric transducer and the framework of steel reinforcement that prepare are put in the mould, used bi-component epoxide-resin glue, two piezoelectric transducers are individually fixed in mold bottom.Be put on the vibration machine then, take by weighing respectively by mass ratio 1:0.47:1.74:3.16 and to be cast in the mould after cement, water, sand, stone fully stir, behind the vibratory compaction, maintenance is 28 days in fog room, curing condition is 20 ℃, relative humidity 100 %, used cement is Portland cement, promptly gets the beam type concrete sensor after the demoulding.
The present invention also provides the application of beam type concrete piezoelectric transducer, method is for imbedding two beam type concrete piezoelectric transducers under the actual road surface respectively, the speed the when time difference that produces during successively by two transducers according to the spacing of two beam type concrete piezoelectric transducers and the same tire of vehicle is calculated vehicle by this highway section.
Piezoelectric transducer of the present invention is a sensing element with piezoelectric ceramic or piezo-electricity composite material, select suitable electrode material extraction electrode for use, utilize special setting time is short, anti-permeability performance good, intensity is high antiseepage insulating cement material material for package casing, have the mechanics and the thermal property that are similar to concrete material, the transducer that makes is suitable for Traffic monitoring.Than traditional vehicle monitoring transducer, this transducer has simultaneously that dynamic characteristic is good, signal stabilization, signal to noise ratio height, pavement destruction are little, good endurance and low cost and other advantages; And main is that this transducer and road surface compatibility are good, and the influence that expanded with heat and contract with cold by the road surface can be used under any weather condition.As long as it is imbedded the road surface, just can monitor the traffic on road surface by writing down it to the response of pedestrian or the impulsive load that vehicle produced, therefore, this transducer has very important actual application prospect.
Transducer preparation technology of the present invention is simple, cost is low.
Beam type concrete sensor preparation of the present invention is simple, volume is adjustable, highly sensitive, response speed is fast, dynamic characteristic is good, the intensity height, be difficult in work progress, being damaged, the Vehicle Speed actual travel speed basic and vehicle that calculates according to the impulse response peak of piezoelectric transducer is consistent, and measurement result is accurate, and error is little.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of piezoelectric transducer of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of beam type concrete sensor of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the output voltage curve of piezoelectric transducer under 0.1Hz, 20Hz load;
Fig. 4 is the output voltage amplitude of piezoelectric transducer and the relation between the input load amplitude;
Fig. 5 is the relation of piezoelectric transducer output voltage and impulsive load;
Time-voltage curve when Fig. 6 is an automobile with the speed of 10km/h by the beam type concrete sensor;
Time-voltage curve when Fig. 7 is an automobile with the speed of 20km/h by the beam type concrete sensor;
Time-voltage curve when Fig. 8 is an automobile with the speed of 40km/h by the beam type concrete sensor;
Wherein, 1, electrode, 2, piezoelectric, 3, shielded conductor, 4, package casing, 5, the beam type matrix, 6, piezoelectric transducer, 7, framework of steel reinforcement.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment the present invention is further set forth, should be understood that, following explanation only is in order to explain the present invention, not limit it.If no special instructions, following percentage all is weight percentage.
The used cement base piezoelectric composite material of the present invention is the disclosed cement base piezoelectric composite material of patent CN2760028, belongs to prior art, does not repeat them here.
Piezoelectric transducer as described in Figure 1, comprise sensing element, described sensing element comprises piezoelectric 2 and is positioned at the pair of electrodes 1 of piezoelectric upper and lower surface, be covered with package casing 4 in the sensing element external packets, pair of electrodes on the piezoelectric links to each other by the shielded conductor 3 that runs through package casing, and described package casing is got by 1: 0.4: 1 mass ratio is mixed by glycidol ether based epoxy resin, diethylenetriamine and cement.Used piezoelectric is a lead zirconate titanate ceramic, and electrode used therein is a silver electrode, and used cement is barium sulphoaluminate cement clinker 70%, gypsum 10%, lime stone 20%, water cement ratio 0.25.
Preparation process is: according to the mass ratio of 1:0.4:1 with the glycidol ether based epoxy resin, diethylenetriamine and cement mixing are even, plate silver in lead zirconate titanate ceramic upper and lower surface (two stress surfaces), with shielded conductor two electrodes are linked to each other, then sensing element is put into mould, with above-mentioned glycidol ether based epoxy resin, the mixture of diethylenetriamine and cement pours in the mould, and mould carried out vacuum drying treatment to remove the pore that produces in the process of building in vacuum drying chamber, improve the density and the insulation property of encapsulating material, hardening, the demoulding gets primary piezo sensor after 3 days, be 20 ℃ with primary piezo sensor in temperature again, relative humidity is that maintenance promptly got piezoelectric transducer of the present invention in 28 days in 100% the curing box, and sensor size can be adjusted as required.
The piezoelectric transducer structure is with embodiment 1, different is: described package casing is got by 1: 0.4: 1 mass ratio is mixed by ethylene oxidic ester based epoxy resin, triethylene tetramine and cement, and used cement is barium sulphoaluminate cement clinker 76%, gypsum 5%, lime stone 19%, water cement ratio 0.3.Used piezoelectric is a cement base piezoelectric composite material, and described electrode is a silver electrode.
Preparation process is: according to the mass ratio of 1:0.4:1 with the ethylene oxidic ester based epoxy resin, triethylene tetramine and cement mixing are even, plate silver in cement base piezoelectric composite material upper and lower surface (two stress surfaces), with shielded conductor two electrodes are linked to each other, then sensing element is put into mould, with above-mentioned ethylene oxidic ester based epoxy resin, the mixture of triethylene tetramine and cement pours in the mould and hardened 3 days, the demoulding gets primary piezo sensor, be 20 ℃ with primary piezo sensor in temperature again, relative humidity is that maintenance promptly got piezoelectric transducer of the present invention in 28 days in 100% the curing box, and sensor size can be adjusted as required.
The piezoelectric transducer structure is with embodiment 1, different is: described package casing is got by 1: 0.4: 1 mass ratio is mixed by line style aliphatic category epoxy resin, triethylene tetramine and cement, and used cement is barium sulphoaluminate cement clinker 80%, gypsum 10%, lime stone 10%, water cement ratio 0.4.Used piezoelectric is the magnesium niobium lead zirconate titanate pottery, and described electrode is the conductive silver glue electrode.
The preparation method is with embodiment 1.
The piezoelectric transducer structure is with embodiment 1, different is: described package casing is got by 1: 0.4: 1 mass ratio is mixed by alicyclic based epoxy resin, triethylene tetramine and cement, and used cement is barium sulphoaluminate cement clinker 75%, gypsum 10%, lime stone 15%, water cement ratio 0.35.Used piezoelectric is a cement base piezoelectric composite material, and described electrode is a silver electrode.
The preparation method is with embodiment 2.
The piezoelectric transducer structure is with embodiment 1, different is: described package casing is got by 1: 0.4: 1 mass ratio is mixed by glycidol amine epoxy resin, diethylenetriamine and cement, and used cement is barium sulphoaluminate cement clinker 78%, gypsum 7%, lime stone 15%, water cement ratio 0.4.Used piezoelectric is the magnesium niobium lead zirconate titanate pottery, and described electrode is the conductive silver glue electrode.
The preparation method is with embodiment 1.
Beam type concrete sensor as shown in Figure 2 comprises beam type matrix 5, and described beam type matrix 5 bottoms are provided with the made piezoelectric transducer 6 of two embodiment 1, and described beam type matrix 5 crossbeam inside are provided with framework of steel reinforcement 7.Described beam type matrix was by mass ratio 1: 0.47: 1.74: 3.16 cement, water, sand, stone cast form.
Its preparation method is: at first the piezoelectric transducer and the framework of steel reinforcement that prepare are put in the mould, two piezoelectric transducers are individually fixed in mold bottom.Then mould is put on the vibration machine, by mass ratio 1: 0.47: 1.74: 3.16 took by weighing Portland cement, water, sand, stone respectively
,Be cast in the mould after fully stirring, behind the vibratory compaction, at 20 ℃, relative humidity is maintenance 28 days in the fog room of 100 %, promptly gets the beam type concrete sensor after the demoulding, and the big I of transducer is adjusted according to the actual requirements.
Beam type concrete sensor composition structure and preparation method are with embodiment 6, and different is the piezoelectric transducer of used piezoelectric transducer for embodiment 2 gained.
Beam type concrete sensor composition structure and preparation method are with embodiment 6, and different is the piezoelectric transducer of used piezoelectric transducer for embodiment 3 gained.
Embodiment 9
Beam type concrete sensor composition structure and preparation method are with embodiment 6, and different is the piezoelectric transducer of used piezoelectric transducer for embodiment 4 gained.
Beam type concrete sensor composition structure and preparation method are with embodiment 6, and different is the piezoelectric transducer of used piezoelectric transducer for embodiment 5 gained.
The frequency response of piezoelectric transducer and linearity situation have been described in detail in the above, from Fig. 3-5 as can be seen, the pulse that on piezoelectric transducer, is produced according to vehicles or pedestrians can monitor accurately vehicle weight, vehicle flowrate what, vehicle by the time speed, below the applicable cases of beam type concrete sensor in the monitoring speed of a motor vehicle described.
Respectively two beam type concrete piezoelectric transducers of embodiment 6 are imbedded under the actual road surface, with monitor vehicle by the time speed.Centre distance between two transducer beam type matrix crossbeams is 6m.Fig. 6,7,8 makes vehicle pass through above-mentioned two beam type concrete sensors with 10km/h, 20km/h, three kinds of different speed of 40km/h, and the output voltage response of beam type concrete piezoelectric transducer is as Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8.Testing vehicle is that a car weight is that 2 tons, wheel base are Jiangling-JMC picking-up vehicle of 3025mm.
Speed when the time difference that produces during successively by two transducers according to the spacing of two sensors crossbeam and the same tire of vehicle is calculated vehicle by this highway section, its result of calculation is as shown in table 1.
By table as can be seen, the basic actual travel speed with vehicle of Vehicle Speed that calculates according to the impulse response peak of piezoelectric transducer is consistent, and the error of experimental result then mainly is to come from the variation by a small margin of the true velocity of automobile in measuring distance and the measure error of two sensors centre distance etc.
Adopting the beam type concrete piezoelectric transducer of embodiment 7,8,9,10 respectively is 2 tons to car weight, and wheel base is that Jiangling-JMC picking-up vehicle of 3025mm carries out the measurement of 10km/h, 20km/h, the 40km/h speed of a motor vehicle, and the result is close with table 1.
Claims (10)
1. piezoelectric transducer, comprise sensing element, described sensing element comprises piezoelectric (2) and is positioned at the pair of electrodes (1) of piezoelectric upper and lower surface, it is characterized in that: be covered with package casing (4) in the sensing element external packets, pair of electrodes on the described piezoelectric links to each other by the shielded conductor (3) that runs through package casing, and described package casing is got by 1: 0.4: 1 mass ratio is mixed by epoxy resin, curing agent and cement.
2. piezoelectric transducer according to claim 1 is characterized in that consisting of of described cement: titanate-containing sulpho-aluminate cement grog 70-80%, gypsum 5%-10%, lime stone 10%-20%.
3. piezoelectric transducer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described epoxy resin is glycidol ether based epoxy resin or ethylene oxidic ester based epoxy resin; Described curing agent is diethylenetriamine or triethylene tetramine.
4. piezoelectric transducer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described piezoelectric is piezoelectric ceramic or cement base piezoelectric composite material; Described electrode is conductive silver glue electrode, silver electrode or nickel electrode.
5. piezoelectric transducer according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described piezoelectric ceramic is a lead zirconate titanate ceramic, the magnesium niobium lead zirconate titanate pottery.
6. the preparation method of each described piezoelectric transducer among the claim 1-5, it is characterized in that may further comprise the steps: proportionally that polymer, curing agent and cement mixing is even, sensing element is put into mould, mixture with above-mentioned epoxy resin, curing agent and cement pours in the mould then, harden and got primary piezo sensor in 3 days, is that 20 ℃, relative humidity are maintenance 28 days in 100% the curing box with primary piezo sensor in temperature, promptly gets piezoelectric transducer of the present invention.
7. preparation method according to claim 6 is characterized in that: mould is placed in the vacuum drying chamber hardens, to remove the pore that produces in the casting process.
8. the application of each described piezoelectric transducer in monitoring road traffic situation among the claim 1-5, it is characterized in that: piezoelectric transducer is imbedded below the road surface, by writing down traffics such as its response monitoring car flow, the speed of a motor vehicle, car weight to the impulsive load that pedestrian or vehicle produced.
9. beam type concrete sensor is characterized in that: comprise beam type matrix (5), described beam type matrix bottom is provided with each described piezoelectric transducer (6) among two claim 1-5, and described beam type matrix crossbeam inside is provided with framework of steel reinforcement (7); Described beam type matrix was by mass ratio 1: 0.47: 1.74: 3.16 cement, water, sand, stone cast form.
10. the application of the described beam type concrete sensor of claim 9, it is characterized in that: two beam type concrete piezoelectric transducers are imbedded below the road surface speed the when time difference that produces during successively by two transducers according to the spacing of two beam type concrete piezoelectric transducers and the same tire of vehicle is calculated vehicle by this highway section.
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| CN113125869A (en) * | 2021-03-11 | 2021-07-16 | 温州大学 | Model box for monitoring power generation performance of piezoelectric ceramics |
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