CN101839991A - Oblique arrangement type high-energy ray detector of composite photosensor - Google Patents
Oblique arrangement type high-energy ray detector of composite photosensor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses an oblique arrangement type high-energy ray detector of a composite photosensor, which comprises a scintillating crystal module, a composite photosensor array and a decoding module, wherein the scintillating crystal module is used for generating flare light and is formed by arranging strip-shaped scintillating crystal units along the width direction of the strip-shaped scintillating crystal unit; the composite photosensor array is used for detecting the flare light from the scintillating crystal module and outputting signals, and comprises a first groups of photosensors and a second group of photosensors, the size of the first group of photosensors is larger than that of the second group of photosensors, and the first group of photosensors are arranged in a diamond shape; and the decoding module is used for obtaining the space position and energy of the high-energy ray according to the signals from the composite photosensor array. According to the high-energy ray detector provided by the invention, a smaller detection dead zone can be obtained via flexibly selecting the size of the photosensor, and different spatial resolutions can be obtained in two directions.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the radiation detection imaging field, especially relate to a kind of oblique arrangement type high-energy ray detector of composite photosensor.
Background technology
One of high-energy ray Detection Techniques detector commonly used is a scintillator detector.Scintillator detector utilizes a kind of electromagenetic wave radiation and produce the scintillation crystal of luminous effect with it as detecting material of can effectively stopping and absorb usually.In high-energy ray incides scintillation crystal, different according to ray energy, the effective atom coefficient of scintillation crystal and density, photoelectric effect, compton effect,scattering and pair effect with scintillation crystal generation different proportion, with energy deposition in scintillation crystal, the scintillation crystal de excitation that is excited sends faint passage of scintillation light, and de excitation is obeyed exponential damping law, and the scintillation crystal of different materials has different luminescent spectrums, comprise different luminescence decay times, different peak position values etc.Utilize photosensitive device will be positioned at the passage of scintillation light process opto-electronic conversion and the multiplication of visible region or ultraviolet region, form pulse signal.The pulse signal intensity reflects energy of high-energy ray; The time of incidence that the time that pulse signal takes place has been reflected high-energy ray; The intensity distribution in a plurality of photosensitive devices of pulse signal has reflected the incoming position of high-energy ray etc.Characteristics such as scintillation detector has the detection efficiency height, and resolving time is short are widely used in the research of nuclear medicine, safety inspection, high-energy physics and cosmic rays detection, are the indispensable main means in current radiation detection technology field.
The tradition scintillation detector is formed the positioning analysis that method that square scintillation crystal array comes coupling light sensing device square array or hexagonal array is carried out high-energy ray with long strip type scintillation crystal unit usually when carrying out imaging detection.Scintillation crystal array except that with the one side of photosensitive device coupling other six cover with reflective membrane.The reflectorized material of going up different length by certain rule stickup or spraying between the long strip type scintillation crystal unit between scintillation crystal array, the long strip type scintillation crystal adds silicone oil between the unit, and fixes with the optical cement of highly transparent.Directly be coupled between scintillation crystal array and the photosensor array or the interpolation light-guide material, as organic plastics, glass, optical fiber etc.
When high-energy ray incides scintillation crystal array, have an effect with long strip type scintillation crystal unit, with energy deposition on long strip type scintillation crystal unit, long strip type scintillation crystal unit de excitation sends a large amount of lower energy photons, as visible light or ultraviolet light, lower energy photon is propagated in long strip type scintillation crystal unit, is finally detected by photosensitive device or escapes or absorbed by long strip type scintillation crystal unit through reflection repeatedly.Thereby will be transmitted in the long strip type scintillation crystal unit that closes on and to be detected by other photosensitive device when lower energy photon runs into the surface that does not have reflectance coating.Final all photosensitive devices will obtain the signal of varying strength, the intensity reflects of signal detect the quantity of lower energy photon, on each photosensitive device signal and can reflect the energy of incident high-energy ray, can obtain the incoming position of high-energy ray in the distribution of each photosensitive device by lower energy photon.Therefore Conventional detectors adopts Anger gravity model appoach location usually.
As shown in Figure 1, be the be coupled schematic diagram of traditional scintillation detector of square photosensor array of available technology adopting scintillation crystal array.Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of traditional scintillation detector of the photosensor array of employing scintillation crystal array coupling PQS mode.Fig. 3 is the principle of traditional scintillation detector of employing scintillation crystal array coupling regular hexagon photosensor array.Wherein, 1 is photosensitive device, and 2 is the scintillation crystal module, and 3 is long strip type scintillation crystal unit.In Fig. 1, photosensor array is arranged as square.In Fig. 3, photosensor array is arranged as regular hexagon.
With the photosensitive device square array is example, and as shown in fig. 1, four photosensitive device optical output signals are V
A, V
B, V
C, V
D, the locus X of high-energy ray then, Y and ENERGY E are determined by following formula respectively:
If shine on the detector with general source, gather the high-energy ray particle of sufficient amount, calculate each high-energy ray particle position according to above-mentioned gravity model appoach, and be plotted in the two-dimensional histogram, obtain general histogram or claim two-dimentional topographic diagram.Have an effect by the randomness of the process of photosensitive device detection generation electric impulse signal from high-energy ray particle and crystal, the uncertainty that causes output signal, several high-energy ray particles that incide same block length stripe shape crystal unit can be exported different X, Y-signal, and being reflected in general the histogram is exactly that each crystal block presents a white agglomerate.According to the distribution situation of the white agglomerate on general the histogram, determine their separatrix, and be recorded in the look-up table.X, Y-signal and the look-up table that can produce according to each incident incident during data acquisition judge which long strip type crystal unit this incident particle has entered, thereby obtain corresponding crystal piece position encoded in detector module.Another kind method is to utilize general histogram to use maximum Likelihood, judges from X, the Y value of particle incident which long strip type crystal unit it occurs in.
The shortcoming of prior art is, Conventional detectors is at X, and the spatial resolution that obtains on the Y direction is the same, and if adopt scintillation detector among Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, bigger detection dead band is arranged between the photosensitive device.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is intended to one of address the above problem at least, has proposed a kind of oblique arrangement type high-energy ray detector of composite photosensor with characteristics such as the photosensitive device size Selection is flexible, different spatial resolutions, the detection dead band are little and can expand especially.
The embodiment of the invention has been opened a kind of oblique arrangement type high-energy ray detector of composite photosensor, comprising: described high energy ray detector comprises: scintillation crystal module, compound photosensor array and decoder module,
Described scintillation crystal module is used to produce passage of scintillation light, and described scintillation crystal module is arranged along the Width of described long strip type scintillation crystal unit by long strip type scintillation crystal unit and formed;
Described compound photosensor array, be used to survey passage of scintillation light and output signal from described scintillation crystal module, described compound photosensor array comprises first group of photosensitive device and second group of photosensitive device, the size of described first group of photosensitive device is greater than the size of described second group of photosensitive device, described first group of photosensitive device comprises four photosensitive devices that are arranged as rhombus, described second group of photosensitive device comprises a photosensitive device, be positioned over described rhombus center, the part photosensitive device is closely adjacent in described second group of photosensitive device and the described first group of photosensitive device;
Described decoder module is used for according to the locus and the energy that obtain high-energy ray from the signal of compound photosensor array.
According to the high energy ray detector that the embodiment of the invention provides, have following characteristics and advantage:
1, the size of selective light sensing device flexibly: the rhombus angle that the large scale photosensitive device constitutes can be followed according to the size of small size photosensitive device and be determined that the angle of inclination of arrangement can change arbitrarily, therefore can utilize the photosensitive device of various sizes.
2, can select the combination of dissimilar photosensitive device, can form by the photosensitive device of circle such as photomultiplier and rectangular photosensitive device such as avalanche diode.
3, can obtain X, different spatial resolution on the Y both direction: the resolution that can be drawn on the Y direction by the alignment characteristics of photosensitive device is better than directions X.
4, survey high-energy ray more efficiently: tiltedly the slit area between the complex light sensing device of arranging is less than the photosensor array of traditional square arrangement, and therefore compound photosensitive device inclined arrangement high energy ray detector detection blind zone is less.
5, can expand: detector module can splice and is extended to massive plate spy, arc or annular detector.
High energy ray detector provided by the invention can obtain littler detection dead band by flexible selective light sensing device size, obtains different spatial resolutions on both direction.
Aspect that the present invention adds and advantage part in the following description provide, and part will become obviously from the following description, or recognize by practice of the present invention.
Description of drawings
Above-mentioned and/or additional aspect of the present invention and advantage are from obviously and easily understanding becoming the description of embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 is for adopting the be coupled principle schematic of traditional scintillation detector of square photosensor array of scintillation crystal array;
Fig. 2 is the principle schematic of traditional scintillation detector of the photosensor array of employing scintillation crystal array coupling PQS mode;
Fig. 3 is the principle schematic of traditional scintillation detector of employing scintillation crystal array coupling regular hexagon photosensor array;
Fig. 4 is according to the square scintillation crystal array coupling of the employing of embodiment of the invention oblique arrangement type high-energy ray detector of composite photosensor principle schematic;
Fig. 5 is this two-dimentional general histogram that obtains according to the high energy ray detector of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 is the inclined arrangement type high energy ray detector principle schematic of forming according to first group of photosensitive device and rectangular second group of photosensitive device of the circle of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 7 is extended to the principle schematic of planar detector for photosensitive device inclined arrangement type high energy ray detector among Fig. 4.
Wherein,
1 is photosensor array, and 11 is first group of photosensitive device, and 12 is second group of photosensitive device, and 2 is the scintillation crystal module, and 3 is long strip type scintillation crystal unit.
Embodiment
Describe embodiments of the invention below in detail, the example of described embodiment is shown in the drawings, and wherein identical from start to finish or similar label is represented identical or similar elements or the element with identical or similar functions.Below by the embodiment that is described with reference to the drawings is exemplary, only is used to explain the present invention, and can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
For addressing the above problem, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of oblique arrangement type high-energy ray detector of composite photosensor, comprises scintillation crystal module, compound photosensor array and decoder module.Specifically, compound photosensor array is used to survey passage of scintillation light and output signal, comprises first group of photosensitive device and second group of photosensitive device, and at least five photosensitive device inclined arrangements form.In one embodiment of the invention, the size difference of two groups of photosensitive devices wherein, the size of first group of photosensitive device is greater than the size of second group of photosensitive device, below for convenience of description the photosensitive device in first group of photosensitive device is called the large scale photosensitive device, the photosensitive device in second group of photosensitive device is called the small size photosensitive device.In one embodiment of the invention, the quantity of large scale photosensitive device is 4, and the quantity of small size photosensitive device is 1, and the small size photosensitive device is positioned at the center of the rhombus of four large scale photosensitive devices formations.
In conjunction with shown in Figure 4, first group of photosensitive device 11 comprises four large scale photosensitive device A, B, C, D that are arranged as rhombus, and the center of four photosensitive devices is on a rhombus.Second group of photosensitive device 12 comprises a small size photosensitive device E.Small size photosensitive device E is positioned over above-mentioned rhombus center.The angle of rhombus can be decided by the size of large scale photosensitive device and small size photosensitive device, and can allow the part photosensitive device in small size photosensitive device and the large scale photosensitive device closely arrange.Allow small size photosensitive device E adjacent as shown in Figure 4 with relative two large scale photosensitive device A and D.
Wherein, the photosensitive device type of first group of photosensitive device and second group of photosensitive device comprises: photomultiplier, silicon photomultiplier, avalanche diode.The photosensitive device type of first group of photosensitive device and second group of photosensitive device can be identical, also can be different.
In addition, oblique arrangement type high-energy ray detector of composite photosensor also comprises scintillation crystal module 2, is used to generate passage of scintillation light, and scintillation crystal module 2 is arranged along the Width of long strip type scintillation crystal unit by long strip type scintillation crystal unit 3 and formed.Wherein, the Width of long strip type scintillation crystal unit 3 is square, rectangle or rhombus, and Width shown in Fig. 4 is square.
Long strip type scintillation crystal unit 3 can adopt one of crystal of following material: bismuth germanium oxide, silicic acid lutetium, yttrium luetcium silicate, gadolinium siliate, yttrium silicate, barium fluoride, sodium iodide, cesium iodide, lead tungstate, yttrium aluminate, lanthanum bromide, chlorination billows, comprise cerium bromide, silicic acid lutetium, aluminic acid lutetium, iodate lutetium.
The above-mentioned long strip type scintillation crystal unit 3 that is used to catch high-energy ray is arranged in scintillation crystal module 2.Wherein, the shape of the scintillation crystal module 2 of the square section of long strip type crystal unit 3 and composition comprises square or rectangular or rhombus.
In one embodiment of the invention, oblique arrangement type high-energy ray detector of composite photosensor is to utilize optical cement that above-mentioned scintillation crystal module 2 and the compound photosensor array of oblique arrangement are directly bonded together.In another embodiment of the present invention, the skew ray sensing device array that is coupled again behind the also available above-mentioned scintillation crystal module coupling light-guide material.Wherein, light-guide material is a kind of in the following material: organic plastics, glass and optical fiber.
High-energy ray incides scintillation crystal module 2 backs and produces passage of scintillation light, is detected by photosensitive device.Photosensitive device obtains electric impulse signal with the signal that detects through conversion with after amplifying, and outputs to decoder module.Decoder module utilizes the weight allocation of pulse signal at photosensor array, obtains the coordinate of high-energy ray in above-mentioned scintillation crystal module.
Wherein, decoder module method that pulse signals is decoded comprises two kinds.
Method one: use rectangular coordinate system XOY.
In conjunction with shown in Figure 4, five photosensitive device output signals are V
A, V
B, V
C, V
D, V
E, the locus X of high-energy ray then, Y and ENERGY E are determined by following formula respectively:
Method two: use oblique coordinates system XOY '.
In conjunction with shown in Figure 4, five photosensitive device output signals are V
A, V
B, V
C, V
D, V
E, θ is Y ' and the angle of X, the locus X of high-energy ray then, and Y and ENERGY E are determined by following formula respectively:
Can obtain X by said method, different spatial resolution on the Y both direction.As shown in Figure 4, the resolution that can be drawn on the Y direction by the alignment characteristics of photosensitive device is better than directions X.Calculate each high-energy ray particle position according to said method, and be plotted in the two-dimensional histogram, obtain general histogram or claim two-dimentional topographic diagram.Several high-energy ray particles that incide same block length stripe shape crystal unit can be exported different X, Y-signal, and being reflected in general the histogram is exactly that each crystal block presents a white agglomerate.According to the distribution situation of the white agglomerate on general the histogram, determine their separatrix, and be recorded in the look-up table.X, Y-signal and the look-up table that can produce according to each incident incident during data acquisition judge which long strip type crystal unit this incident particle has entered, thereby obtain corresponding crystal piece position encoded in detector module.
Be that the high energy ray detector that 9 row 9 row are formed 9 * 9 square formations is an example with the scintillation crystal module below, the present invention is further described.
Wherein, scintillator crystal materials is a yttrium luetcium silicate, long strip type scintillation crystal unit size: 5.7mm * 5.7mm * 20mm; Scintillation crystal array: 9 row, 9 row are formed 9 * 9 square formations, 52mm * 52mm.
Compound photosensor array is:
First group of photosensitive device: 4 Hamamatsu R9779 (diameter 51mm), photomultiplier, four oblique arrangement angle of large scale photomultiplier: the little angle of rhombus angle 86 degree.Photomultiplier cathode voltage :-1500V, photomultiplier anode voltage: 0V (ground connection).
Second group of photosensitive device: 1 Photonis XP1912 (diameter 19mm), small size photomultiplier transit tube hub in rhombus in the heart.
Gamma-ray source: caesium (Cs-137) point source, intensity 0.4 μ Ci, energy 662KeV
Data acquisition: photomultiplier tube signal enters ADC module (analog-to-digital conversion module) through prime amplifier, extraction time and positional information, import Flow board module (data reception module) into, receive and be transferred to PC, use the LabView programmed acquisition with PowerPC.
Interpretation:
The photosensitive device of photosensitive device inclined arrangement type high energy ray detector adopts photomultiplier, scintillation crystal array is 9 * 9 square formations, 30cm is far away for caesium (Cs-137) gamma ray source range finder, can be approximately general field source, after inciding scintillation crystal array, gamma ray excites scintillation crystal, scintillation crystal de excitation, generation visible light, visible light is converted into electric signal through four photomultipliers, outputs to part of data acquisition after the amplification.Obtain general histogram at last as shown in Figure 5, wherein 9 * 9 array structures are high-visible.Gradation of image is represented counting rate, and the intensity of this place's gamma ray of the white more expression of color is high more.
First group of photosensitive device and second group of photosensitive device shown in Figure 4 are circle, and the oblique arrangement type high-energy ray detector of composite photosensor that the embodiment of the invention provides also can be embodied as selects dissimilar photosensitive devices to combine.As shown in Figure 6, first group of photosensitive device is circular photomultiplier, and second group of photosensitive device is rectangular avalanche diode.Specifically, photosensitive device A, B, C, D are circular photomultiplier, and photosensitive device E is rectangular avalanche diode.
And the oblique arrangement type high-energy ray detector of composite photosensor that provides in the foregoing description can be expanded.Be that detector module can splice and is extended to plane, arc or annular detector.Fig. 7 shows the principle schematic that photosensitive device inclined arrangement type high energy ray detector is extended to planar detector.Shown among the figure 7, first group of photosensitive device comprises 9 photosensitive devices, and second group of photosensitive device comprises 4 photosensitive devices.Adjacent 4 large scale photosensitive devices, i.e. first group of photosensitive device inclined arrangement, small size photosensitive device, i.e. second group of photosensitive device are placed in its rhombus center.
According to the high energy ray detector that the embodiment of the invention provides, have following characteristics and advantage:
1, the size of selective light sensing device flexibly: the rhombus angle that the large scale photosensitive device constitutes can be followed according to the size of small size photosensitive device and be determined that the angle of inclination of arrangement can change arbitrarily, therefore can utilize the photosensitive device of various sizes.
2, can select the combination of dissimilar photosensitive device, as shown in Figure 5, can form by the photosensitive device of circle such as photomultiplier and rectangular photosensitive device such as avalanche diode.
3, can obtain X, different spatial resolution on the Y both direction: as shown in Figure 4, the resolution that can be drawn on the Y direction by the alignment characteristics of photosensitive device is better than directions X.
4, survey high-energy ray more efficiently: tiltedly the slit area between the complex light sensing device of arranging is less than the photosensor array of traditional square arrangement, and therefore compound photosensitive device inclined arrangement high energy ray detector detection blind zone is less.
5, can expand: detector module can splice and is extended to massive plate spy, arc or annular detector.
High energy ray detector provided by the invention can obtain littler detection dead band by flexible selective light sensing device size, obtains different spatial resolutions on both direction.
The above only is a preferred implementation of the present invention; should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. an oblique arrangement type high-energy ray detector of composite photosensor is characterized in that, comprises scintillation crystal module, compound photosensor array and decoder module,
Described scintillation crystal module is used to produce passage of scintillation light, and described scintillation crystal module is arranged along the Width of described long strip type scintillation crystal unit by long strip type scintillation crystal unit and formed;
Described compound photosensor array, be used to survey passage of scintillation light and output signal from described scintillation crystal module, described compound photosensor array comprises first group of photosensitive device and second group of photosensitive device, the size of described first group of photosensitive device is greater than the size of described second group of photosensitive device, described first group of photosensitive device comprises four photosensitive devices that are arranged as rhombus, described second group of photosensitive device comprises a photosensitive device, be positioned over described rhombus center, the part photosensitive device is closely adjacent in described second group of photosensitive device and the described first group of photosensitive device;
Described decoder module is used for according to the locus and the energy that obtain high-energy ray from the signal of compound photosensor array.
2. high energy ray detector as claimed in claim 1, described compound photosensor array comprise a plurality of by described first group of photosensitive device and second group of array that photosensitive device is formed.
3. high energy ray detector as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the photosensitive device of described first group of photosensitive device and second group of photosensitive device comprises photomultiplier, silicon photomultiplier or avalanche diode.
4. high energy ray detector as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, two relative in described second group of photosensitive device and first group of photosensitive device photosensitive devices are closely adjacent.
5. high energy ray detector as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the Width of described long strip type scintillation crystal unit is square, rectangle or rhombus.
6. high energy ray detector as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described long strip type scintillation crystal unit is one of crystal of following material:
Bismuth germanium oxide, silicic acid lutetium, yttrium luetcium silicate, gadolinium siliate, yttrium silicate, barium fluoride, sodium iodide, cesium iodide, lead tungstate, yttrium aluminate, lanthanum bromide, chlorination billows, comprise cerium bromide, silicic acid lutetium, aluminic acid lutetium, iodate lutetium.
7. high energy ray detector as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described scintillation crystal module is that square, rectangle or processing grinding become polygon.
8. high energy ray detector as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, bonds by optical cement or light-guide material between described compound photosensor array and the scintillation crystal module.
9. high energy ray detector as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, described light-guide material is a kind of in the following material: organic plastics, glass and optical fiber.
10. high energy ray detector as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described high energy ray detector is that monolithic or polylith are spliced into plane, arc or annular.
11. high energy ray detector as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described decoder module obtains the locus and the energy of high-energy ray, comprises one of following mode:
When using direct coordinate system,
When using oblique coordinates system,
Wherein, horizontal level and the upright position in the locus of X and Y difference high-energy ray; E is the high-energy ray energy; V
A, V
B, V
c, V
DBe respectively the output signal of four photosensitive devices in first group of photosensitive device; V
EIt is the output signal of second group of photosensitive device; θ is the angle of Y ' and X.
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