CA2378059A1 - Measurement of propagating acoustic waves in compliant pipes - Google Patents

Measurement of propagating acoustic waves in compliant pipes Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CA2378059A1
CA2378059A1 CA002378059A CA2378059A CA2378059A1 CA 2378059 A1 CA2378059 A1 CA 2378059A1 CA 002378059 A CA002378059 A CA 002378059A CA 2378059 A CA2378059 A CA 2378059A CA 2378059 A1 CA2378059 A1 CA 2378059A1
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
acoustic
pipe
measurement
acoustic waves
cavity
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CA002378059A
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
CA2378059C (en
Inventor
Daniel L. Gysling
Rebecca S. Mcguinn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Weatherford Technology Holdings LLC
Original Assignee
Cidra Corporation
Daniel L. Gysling
Rebecca S. Mcguinn
Weatherford/Lamb, Inc.
Weatherford Technology Holdings, Llc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cidra Corporation, Daniel L. Gysling, Rebecca S. Mcguinn, Weatherford/Lamb, Inc., Weatherford Technology Holdings, Llc filed Critical Cidra Corporation
Publication of CA2378059A1 publication Critical patent/CA2378059A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA2378059C publication Critical patent/CA2378059C/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
    • G01F1/662—Constructional details
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/10—Locating fluid leaks, intrusions or movements
    • E21B47/107—Locating fluid leaks, intrusions or movements using acoustic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/74—Devices for measuring flow of a fluid or flow of a fluent solid material in suspension in another fluid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H3/00—Measuring characteristics of vibrations by using a detector in a fluid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/028—Material parameters
    • G01N2291/02836—Flow rate, liquid level

Abstract

A pipe (16) having a produced fluid (18) (liquid and/or gas) and at least two acoustic pressure sensors (20-24), is provided with a cylindrical sleeve (30) attached to the pipe (16) at two locations around a sensing region where the sensors (20-24) are located, the sleeve forming a closed cavity (32) filled with a fluid (or material) having an acoustic impedance (pc2) that is much less than the acoustic impedance (pc1) of the produced fluid (18) in the pipe (16) (i.e., pc2<<pc1), which causes the sleeve (20) to isolate the acoustic sensors (20, 22, 24) from being affected by acoustic properties of the cavity (32) and the acoustic properties outside the pipe (16). For most effective acoustic, the cavity (32) may be evacuated.
CA002378059A 1999-06-25 2000-06-23 Measurement of propagating acoustic waves in compliant pipes Expired - Fee Related CA2378059C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/344,070 1999-06-25
US09/344,070 US6435030B1 (en) 1999-06-25 1999-06-25 Measurement of propagating acoustic waves in compliant pipes
PCT/US2000/017419 WO2001001088A1 (en) 1999-06-25 2000-06-23 Measurement of propagating acoustic waves in compliant pipes

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2378059A1 true CA2378059A1 (en) 2001-01-04
CA2378059C CA2378059C (en) 2007-10-30

Family

ID=23348918

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA002378059A Expired - Fee Related CA2378059C (en) 1999-06-25 2000-06-23 Measurement of propagating acoustic waves in compliant pipes

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US6435030B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1200806B1 (en)
AU (1) AU766997B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2378059C (en)
DE (1) DE60030294D1 (en)
WO (1) WO2001001088A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (89)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6971259B2 (en) * 2001-11-07 2005-12-06 Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. Fluid density measurement in pipes using acoustic pressures
US7213445B2 (en) * 2001-12-05 2007-05-08 Wayne State University Acoustic particulates density sensor
US7275421B2 (en) * 2002-01-23 2007-10-02 Cidra Corporation Apparatus and method for measuring parameters of a mixture having solid particles suspended in a fluid flowing in a pipe
US7359803B2 (en) * 2002-01-23 2008-04-15 Cidra Corporation Apparatus and method for measuring parameters of a mixture having solid particles suspended in a fluid flowing in a pipe
US7032432B2 (en) * 2002-01-23 2006-04-25 Cidra Corporation Apparatus and method for measuring parameters of a mixture having liquid droplets suspended in a vapor flowing in a pipe
US7328624B2 (en) * 2002-01-23 2008-02-12 Cidra Corporation Probe for measuring parameters of a flowing fluid and/or multiphase mixture
AU2003255235A1 (en) * 2002-08-08 2004-02-25 Cidra Corporation Apparatus and method for measuring multi-phase flows in pulp and paper industry applications
CA2513105C (en) * 2002-11-12 2013-01-08 Cidra Corporation An apparatus having an array of piezoelectric film sensors for measuring parameters of a process flow within a pipe
US7165464B2 (en) 2002-11-15 2007-01-23 Cidra Corporation Apparatus and method for providing a flow measurement compensated for entrained gas
AU2003295992A1 (en) * 2002-11-22 2004-06-18 Cidra Corporation Method for calibrating a flow meter having an array of sensors
WO2004063741A2 (en) * 2003-01-13 2004-07-29 Cidra Corporation Apparatus for measuring parameters of a flowing multiphase fluid mixture
ATE480753T1 (en) * 2003-01-13 2010-09-15 Expro Meters Inc APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE VELOCITY OF A FLUID IN A PIPE USING ULTRASONIC SENSORS
EP1590637B1 (en) * 2003-01-21 2008-11-05 Expro Meters, Inc. An apparatus and method of measuring gas volume fraction of a fluid flowing within a pipe
US7343818B2 (en) * 2003-01-21 2008-03-18 Cidra Corporation Apparatus and method of measuring gas volume fraction of a fluid flowing within a pipe
US7086278B2 (en) * 2003-01-21 2006-08-08 Cidra Corporation Measurement of entrained and dissolved gases in process flow lines
US20060048583A1 (en) * 2004-08-16 2006-03-09 Gysling Daniel L Total gas meter using speed of sound and velocity measurements
WO2004065912A2 (en) * 2003-01-21 2004-08-05 Cidra Corporation Apparatus and method for measuring unsteady pressures within a large diameter pipe
EP1599705B1 (en) 2003-03-04 2019-01-02 CiDra Corporation An apparatus having a multi-band sensor assembly for measuring a parameter of a fluid flow flowing within a pipe
US6957574B2 (en) * 2003-05-19 2005-10-25 Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. Well integrity monitoring system
US6840114B2 (en) * 2003-05-19 2005-01-11 Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. Housing on the exterior of a well casing for optical fiber sensors
EP1631797A2 (en) * 2003-06-05 2006-03-08 CiDra Corporation Apparatus for measuring velocity and flow rate of a fluid having a non-negligible axial mach number using an array of sensors
US7121152B2 (en) * 2003-06-06 2006-10-17 Cidra Corporation Portable flow measurement apparatus having an array of sensors
US7197938B2 (en) * 2003-06-24 2007-04-03 Cidra Corporation Contact-based transducers for characterizing unsteady pressures in pipes
WO2005003713A2 (en) * 2003-06-24 2005-01-13 Cidra Corporation Contact-based transducers for characterizing unsteady pressures in pipes
WO2005003695A1 (en) * 2003-06-24 2005-01-13 Cidra Corporation Characterizing unsteady pressures in pipes using optical measurement devices
EP1644705B1 (en) * 2003-06-24 2016-10-12 Cidra Corporate Services, Inc. System and method for operating a flow process
WO2005054789A1 (en) * 2003-07-08 2005-06-16 Cidra Corporation Method and apparatus for measuring characteristics of core-annular flow
ATE414261T1 (en) * 2003-07-15 2008-11-15 Expro Meters Inc APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR COMPENSATING A CORIOLIS FLOW METER
US7299705B2 (en) * 2003-07-15 2007-11-27 Cidra Corporation Apparatus and method for augmenting a Coriolis meter
CA2532577C (en) * 2003-07-15 2013-01-08 Cidra Corporation A configurable multi-function flow measurement apparatus having an array of sensors
US7127360B2 (en) * 2003-07-15 2006-10-24 Cidra Corporation Dual function flow measurement apparatus having an array of sensors
US7134320B2 (en) * 2003-07-15 2006-11-14 Cidra Corporation Apparatus and method for providing a density measurement augmented for entrained gas
WO2005012843A2 (en) 2003-08-01 2005-02-10 Cidra Corporation Method and apparatus for measuring parameters of a fluid flowing within a pipe using a configurable array of sensors
US7322251B2 (en) * 2003-08-01 2008-01-29 Cidra Corporation Method and apparatus for measuring a parameter of a high temperature fluid flowing within a pipe using an array of piezoelectric based flow sensors
US7882750B2 (en) * 2003-08-01 2011-02-08 Cidra Corporate Services, Inc. Method and apparatus for measuring parameters of a fluid flowing within a pipe using a configurable array of sensors
US7308820B2 (en) * 2003-08-08 2007-12-18 Cidra Corporation Piezocable based sensor for measuring unsteady pressures inside a pipe
US7110893B2 (en) * 2003-10-09 2006-09-19 Cidra Corporation Method and apparatus for measuring a parameter of a fluid flowing within a pipe using an array of sensors
US7237440B2 (en) * 2003-10-10 2007-07-03 Cidra Corporation Flow measurement apparatus having strain-based sensors and ultrasonic sensors
US7171315B2 (en) * 2003-11-25 2007-01-30 Cidra Corporation Method and apparatus for measuring a parameter of a fluid flowing within a pipe using sub-array processing
US7152003B2 (en) 2003-12-11 2006-12-19 Cidra Corporation Method and apparatus for determining a quality metric of a measurement of a fluid parameter
US6968740B2 (en) * 2004-01-26 2005-11-29 Johns Manville International Inc. Systems and methods for determining an acoustic and/or thermal characteristic of a target material
US7330797B2 (en) * 2004-03-10 2008-02-12 Cidra Corporation Apparatus and method for measuring settlement of solids in a multiphase flow
BRPI0508637B1 (en) * 2004-03-10 2017-10-10 Cidra Corporation METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MEASURING PARAMETERS OF A STRATIFIED FLOW
US7367239B2 (en) * 2004-03-23 2008-05-06 Cidra Corporation Piezocable based sensor for measuring unsteady pressures inside a pipe
US7426852B1 (en) 2004-04-26 2008-09-23 Expro Meters, Inc. Submersible meter for measuring a parameter of gas hold-up of a fluid
WO2005116637A2 (en) * 2004-05-17 2005-12-08 Cidra Corporation Apparatus and method for measuring the composition of a mixture
WO2006112878A2 (en) 2004-09-16 2006-10-26 Cidra Corporation Apparatus and method for providing a fluid cut measurement of a multi-liquid mixture compensated for entrained gas
US7389687B2 (en) * 2004-11-05 2008-06-24 Cidra Corporation System for measuring a parameter of an aerated multi-phase mixture flowing in a pipe
US7561203B2 (en) * 2005-01-10 2009-07-14 Nokia Corporation User input device
WO2006099342A1 (en) * 2005-03-10 2006-09-21 Cidra Corporation An industrial flow meter having an accessible digital interface
US7962293B2 (en) * 2005-03-10 2011-06-14 Expro Meters, Inc. Apparatus and method for providing a stratification metric of a multiphase fluid flowing within a pipe
WO2010120258A2 (en) * 2005-03-17 2010-10-21 Cidra Corporation An apparatus and method of processing data to improve the performance of a flow monitoring system
US8496647B2 (en) 2007-12-18 2013-07-30 Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc. Ribbed force sensor
US7752920B2 (en) * 2005-12-30 2010-07-13 Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc. Modular force sensor
US7657392B2 (en) * 2005-05-16 2010-02-02 Cidra Corporate Services, Inc. Method and apparatus for detecting and characterizing particles in a multiphase fluid
US7526966B2 (en) * 2005-05-27 2009-05-05 Expro Meters, Inc. Apparatus and method for measuring a parameter of a multiphase flow
WO2006130499A2 (en) * 2005-05-27 2006-12-07 Cidra Corporation An apparatus and method for fiscal measuring of an aerated fluid
US7249525B1 (en) 2005-06-22 2007-07-31 Cidra Corporation Apparatus for measuring parameters of a fluid in a lined pipe
US8641813B2 (en) * 2005-07-07 2014-02-04 Expro Meters, Inc. System and method for optimizing a gas/liquid separation process
US7503227B2 (en) * 2005-07-13 2009-03-17 Cidra Corporate Services, Inc Method and apparatus for measuring parameters of a fluid flow using an array of sensors
EP1965717B1 (en) 2005-12-30 2012-05-16 Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc. Surgical instrument with modular force sensor
US7836959B2 (en) * 2006-03-30 2010-11-23 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Providing a sensor array
US7624650B2 (en) 2006-07-27 2009-12-01 Expro Meters, Inc. Apparatus and method for attenuating acoustic waves propagating within a pipe wall
US7624651B2 (en) * 2006-10-30 2009-12-01 Expro Meters, Inc. Apparatus and method for attenuating acoustic waves in pipe walls for clamp-on ultrasonic flow meter
US7673526B2 (en) * 2006-11-01 2010-03-09 Expro Meters, Inc. Apparatus and method of lensing an ultrasonic beam for an ultrasonic flow meter
EP2092278A2 (en) 2006-11-09 2009-08-26 Expro Meters, Inc. Apparatus and method for measuring a fluid flow parameter within an internal passage of an elongated body
US8561473B2 (en) 2007-12-18 2013-10-22 Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc. Force sensor temperature compensation
WO2009126956A1 (en) * 2008-04-11 2009-10-15 Expro Meters, Inc. Clamp-on apparatus for measuring a fluid flow that includes a protective sensor housing
NO334024B1 (en) 2008-12-02 2013-11-18 Tool Tech As Nedihull's pressure and vibration measuring device integrated in a pipe section as part of a production pipe
EP2383550A1 (en) * 2010-04-28 2011-11-02 Miitors ApS Ultrasonic flow meter
WO2012011831A1 (en) * 2010-07-20 2012-01-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft System and method for determination of desposits in multi-phase fluid flow
US9010441B2 (en) * 2011-09-12 2015-04-21 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Systems and methods for reservoir production management
US9383476B2 (en) 2012-07-09 2016-07-05 Weatherford Technology Holdings, Llc In-well full-bore multiphase flowmeter for horizontal wellbores
GB201219797D0 (en) * 2012-11-02 2012-12-19 Silixa Ltd Acoustic illumination for flow-monitoring
GB2546937B (en) 2012-11-02 2017-11-29 Silixa Ltd Combining seismic survey and DAS fluid flow data for improved results
AU2016316755B2 (en) 2015-08-28 2018-11-08 Crisi Medical Systems, Inc. Flow sensor system with absorber
JP6712635B2 (en) 2015-08-28 2020-06-24 クリシー メディカル システムズ インコーポレイテッド Flow sensor system including spring contacts
AU2016316749B2 (en) 2015-08-28 2018-11-15 Crisi Medical Systems, Inc. Flow sensor system including transmissive connection
AU2017286812B2 (en) 2016-06-17 2021-09-16 Becton, Dickinson And Company Method and apparatus for wetting internal fluid path surfaces of a fluid port to increase ultrasonic signal transmission
US10565752B2 (en) 2017-04-21 2020-02-18 Mueller International, Llc Graphical mapping of pipe node location selection
US10690630B2 (en) 2017-04-21 2020-06-23 Mueller International, Llc Generation and utilization of pipe-specific sound attenuation
US10209225B2 (en) 2017-04-21 2019-02-19 Mueller International, Llc Sound propagation comparison with automated frequency selection for pipe condition assessment
US10539480B2 (en) 2017-10-27 2020-01-21 Mueller International, Llc Frequency sub-band leak detection
US11385086B2 (en) 2018-07-06 2022-07-12 Becton, Dickinson And Company Flow sensor and method for adjusting fluid flow measurement
CA3147087A1 (en) * 2019-08-12 2021-02-18 Daniel L. Gysling Time-accurate cfd enhanced interpretation of strain-based flow measurement
US10768146B1 (en) 2019-10-21 2020-09-08 Mueller International, Llc Predicting severity of buildup within pipes using evaluation of residual attenuation
MX2022008708A (en) 2020-01-22 2022-08-08 Becton Dickinson Co Apparatus and method to join a coupler and flow tube in an ultrasonic flow meter.
US11726064B2 (en) 2020-07-22 2023-08-15 Mueller International Llc Acoustic pipe condition assessment using coherent averaging
US11609348B2 (en) 2020-12-29 2023-03-21 Mueller International, Llc High-resolution acoustic pipe condition assessment using in-bracket pipe excitation

Family Cites Families (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4080837A (en) 1976-12-03 1978-03-28 Continental Oil Company Sonic measurement of flow rate and water content of oil-water streams
DE2703439C3 (en) * 1977-01-28 1979-08-09 Danfoss A/S, Nordborg (Daenemark) Device for measuring physical quantities of a liquid with two ultrasonic transducers
US4164865A (en) * 1977-02-22 1979-08-21 The Perkin-Elmer Corporation Acoustical wave flowmeter
US4144768A (en) 1978-01-03 1979-03-20 The Boeing Company Apparatus for analyzing complex acoustic fields within a duct
US4236406A (en) * 1978-12-11 1980-12-02 Conoco, Inc. Method and apparatus for sonic velocity type water cut measurement
US4520320A (en) 1981-09-10 1985-05-28 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Commerce Synchronous phase marker and amplitude detector
US4445389A (en) 1981-09-10 1984-05-01 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Commerce Long wavelength acoustic flowmeter
NO166379C (en) 1987-12-18 1991-07-10 Sensorteknikk As PROCEDURE FOR REGISTERING MULTIPHASE FLOWS THROUGH A TRANSPORT SYSTEM.
US5363342A (en) 1988-04-28 1994-11-08 Litton Systems, Inc. High performance extended fiber optic hydrophone
US5040415A (en) 1990-06-15 1991-08-20 Rockwell International Corporation Nonintrusive flow sensing system
US5218197A (en) 1991-05-20 1993-06-08 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Method and apparatus for the non-invasive measurement of pressure inside pipes using a fiber optic interferometer sensor
US5207107A (en) * 1991-06-20 1993-05-04 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Non-intrusive flow meter for the liquid based on solid, liquid or gas borne sound
US5398542A (en) 1992-10-16 1995-03-21 Nkk Corporation Method for determining direction of travel of a wave front and apparatus therefor
FR2720498B1 (en) 1994-05-27 1996-08-09 Schlumberger Services Petrol Multiphase flowmeter.
US5842374A (en) 1994-06-02 1998-12-01 Changmin Co., Ltd. Measuring method of a wide range level and an apparatus thereof
FR2721398B1 (en) 1994-06-21 1996-08-23 Inst Francais Du Petrole Method and device for monitoring, by periodic excitation, a flow of particles in a conduit.
US5741980A (en) 1994-11-02 1998-04-21 Foster-Miller, Inc. Flow analysis system and method
US5842347A (en) 1996-10-25 1998-12-01 Sengentrix, Inc. Method and apparatus for monitoring the level of liquid nitrogen in a cryogenic storage tank
US5845033A (en) 1996-11-07 1998-12-01 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Fiber optic sensing system for monitoring restrictions in hydrocarbon production systems
FR2764694B1 (en) * 1997-06-17 1999-09-03 Aerospatiale DEVICE FOR MEASURING NOISE IN A CONDUIT BROUGHT BY A FLUID

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU766997B2 (en) 2003-10-30
CA2378059C (en) 2007-10-30
DE60030294D1 (en) 2006-10-05
US6435030B1 (en) 2002-08-20
EP1200806A1 (en) 2002-05-02
AU5764300A (en) 2001-01-31
EP1200806B1 (en) 2006-08-23
WO2001001088A1 (en) 2001-01-04

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CA2378059A1 (en) Measurement of propagating acoustic waves in compliant pipes
CA2179902A1 (en) Gas Pipeline Wall Thickness and Flaw Detection
CA2347567A1 (en) Non-destructive measurement of pipe wall thickness
AU3664999A (en) An acoustic system for measuring the location and depth of underground pipe
RU94045996A (en) Transducer to determine pressure of working fluid medium
SG52640A1 (en) A method for the ultrasonic inspection of pipe and tubing and a transducer assembly for use therewith
GB0028544D0 (en) Device for the testing of fluid samples and process for making the device
WO2003023330A3 (en) Clamp-on gas flowmeter
SE0002667D0 (en) Active acoustic spectroscopy
EP1148317A3 (en) Device for sealingly introducing/extractimg a transducer in/from a fluid in a pipe
AU5041500A (en) Transducer for sonic measurement of gas flow and related characteristics
GB2354074A (en) Pressure sensor and transmitter having a weld ring with a rolling hinge point
MX9600342A (en) Method and device for testing gas-conveying pipe lines.
CN106092425A (en) A kind of high accuracy type vibration wire micro-pressure sensor
GB2019007A (en) In-Line Pressure Sensor
WO2002057751A3 (en) Photoacoustic sample vessel and method of elevated pressure operation
MXPA04001164A (en) Method and structure for connecting difficult-to-join pipes to be used at high temperature.
US4760739A (en) Ultrasonic transmit-receive probe
CN219034700U (en) Corrugated pipe acoustic wave probe for well cementation quality evaluation
JPH0289895A (en) Water-hammering pressure absorbing method
PL1469288T3 (en) Water meter with volumetric measuring chamber
Drouillard et al. AE literature- Acousto-ultrasonic reflections
CN116201525A (en) Corrugated pipe acoustic wave probe for well cementation quality evaluation
JPS5624509A (en) Method and apparatus for monitoring decrease of wall thickness
JPS6440786A (en) Connector for pouring and discharging fluid

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
EEER Examination request
MKLA Lapsed

Effective date: 20170623