CA2104125A1 - Non-intrusive flow sensing system - Google Patents
Non-intrusive flow sensing systemInfo
- Publication number
- CA2104125A1 CA2104125A1 CA002104125A CA2104125A CA2104125A1 CA 2104125 A1 CA2104125 A1 CA 2104125A1 CA 002104125 A CA002104125 A CA 002104125A CA 2104125 A CA2104125 A CA 2104125A CA 2104125 A1 CA2104125 A1 CA 2104125A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- conduit
- flow stream
- signal transit
- pressure
- fluid flow
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/24—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the direct influence of the streaming fluid on the properties of a detecting acoustical wave
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
- G01F1/667—Arrangements of transducers for ultrasonic flowmeters; Circuits for operating ultrasonic flowmeters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/22—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using measurement of acoustic effects
- G01K11/24—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using measurement of acoustic effects of the velocity of propagation of sound
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L11/00—Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by means not provided for in group G01L7/00 or G01L9/00
- G01L11/04—Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by means not provided for in group G01L7/00 or G01L9/00 by acoustic means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/24—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the direct influence of the streaming fluid on the properties of a detecting acoustical wave
- G01P5/245—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the direct influence of the streaming fluid on the properties of a detecting acoustical wave by measuring transit time of acoustical waves
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A nonintrusive flow sensing system and related method are provided for monitoring fluid flow within a conduit, particularly such as a liquid flow. The sensing system includes an array of ultrasonic transducers mounted on the conduit and adapted to send and receive pulsed ultrasonic signals bidirectionally across the conduit with an upstream-downstream component of direction, and through the conduit in longitudinal and circumferential directions. Signal transit times are processed to obtain accurate measurements of liquid flow velocity, temperature and pressure.
A nonintrusive flow sensing system and related method are provided for monitoring fluid flow within a conduit, particularly such as a liquid flow. The sensing system includes an array of ultrasonic transducers mounted on the conduit and adapted to send and receive pulsed ultrasonic signals bidirectionally across the conduit with an upstream-downstream component of direction, and through the conduit in longitudinal and circumferential directions. Signal transit times are processed to obtain accurate measurements of liquid flow velocity, temperature and pressure.
Description
2, _V -`93~04343 Pc~r/US9l/05829 -N~NINTRUSIVE FLOW SENSING SYSTEM - -BACKGROUND OF ~E ~NVENTION
This 1nvent~on rela;es generally to an improved system and ~ethod for S detecting and mon~toring f1uid f~ow parameters such as l~qu1d flow wlthln a conduit. More particularly, thts ~nvent10n relates to a sensing s~stem and ~etho~ for measur1ng flu~d flow velocily, temperature and pressure in a non~ntruslve or non1nvas1~e m~nner.
Flutd flow condutts are wndely used tn 1ndustr1al pr~cesses and the ~0 11ke to del~Yer ~luids 1n l~u1d or gaseous fonm from one locat10n~ to another. In rany ~nstances, 1~ ~s necessary or destrable to mon~tor the ~lu1d flow $o ~nsure proper andJor safe operat10n of process equtpnent. As one examp~e, 1n a nuclear power plant fac11~ty. ~t ~s necessary to mon1tor ~ar~ous l~quid flow par~n~ters such as flow rate, temperat~re, and pressure. Ac~o~rd1ngly, 1n ~he prlor art, a variety of flow mon~tor1ng dev1ces and techn1ques ha~ been developed for this purpose. ~owever, ~n ~eneral, these prior art dev1ces and methods for monitoring flu~d flows have util1zed ~nvasive te~perature and/or l~ressure probes mounted to extend through ports ~n a flow conduit 1nto direct contact with the fluid flow stream. Th~s re~irement for probe ports in the condu1t typically results 1n a monitoring system which ~s relati~ely costly to fabrtcate and ma~ntain, an~ f~rther wherein the probe ports present leakage s1tes ~or escape o~
potentially hazardous pro~ess 'lu~d.
S~ ST~IUTE S~EET
~vo 93/0434:~ PC~/US91/0582"
In recent years, noninvasive sensin~ systems have been developed particularly for use in ~oni~oring certair, flow parameters of a liquid flow w~thin a condu1t. Such noninvasive systems have utilized ultrasonic transducers mounted on the exterior of a flow condu1t and adapted to S b1direct~onally ~ransm~t and receive pulsed signals d~agonally through the condu~ and f 10w stream there~n. By measuring the upstream and downstream trans1t t~mes o~ these pulsed signals, 1t is possible to calculate the flow veloc1ty of ~he ~i~u1d flow stream. Moreover. w~th this trans~t time 1nfonmatton, ~t ~s a1so possible to calculate the speed ~f sound ~n the l~u1d flow strea~.
~ h11e non1nvasive sens~ng systems of the type described above are extremely deslrable 1n nany operatlng env~ronmen~s, the~r practical util1ty has ~een l~m~ted ~o ~on1tor1nQ of a relat~vely small nu~ber of flow parameters. More spec~fi.ally, non1nvasive systems have not ~een des1gned for obta1n1ng aecur~te an~ rel~able ~easurements of the te~4erature and pressure of the f~ow stream. To obta~n measurements of temperature and pressure, resort to ~nvas1ve ~ype ~onitor~ng devices has generally ~een required~
~here ex~sts, therefore, a sign1f1cant need for further lmpro~ements ZO 1n sens1ng sys~ems and methods for noninvas1ve mon~tor~ng of ~1~1d flow w1thin a eondu1t~ part~cularly wtth respect to mon1torlng of add1t10nal flu~d param*ters such as temperature and pressure. The present invention fulf~lls these needs and pro~ides further re7ated ad~antages.
~5 ~M~AR~' ~F T~ INVENTION
~ n aeoord~nce wi$h the 1nvention, an improved flow sensing system îs prQvided ~on mon~toring fluld flow within a conduit. The system includes d SU~STITUT~ S~EET
i~v ~ Pi~/US91~058%9 plurality of nonintrusive or noninvasive transducers for sending znd receiving an plura1ity o~ s~gnals, such as pulsed ultrasonic signals, through the conduit and~or the flow stream therein, in combination with means for analyz~ng the relative transi~ times of the signals ti~ derive S flu1d flow veloc~ty, temperature and pressure. The system 1s part~cularly adapted for monitor1ng a liqu1d flow stream.
The flow sensing system 1ncludes a pa~r Or ultrasonie flowmeter transducers nounted on oppos~te s1des of the condu1t at longitudinally spaced pos1tions. These Flowme~er transducers are designed to send and rece1ve pulsed ultrason1c s1gnals along a 11ne of transm~ss10n extending d1agonally across and through the condu1t and flow stream. The flowmeter transducers generate appropr1ate outputs representat1ve of signal trans1t ~i~es 1n the upstream and down stream direct10ns, and these outputs are coupled to d processor for appropr~ate calculated deriYation of the i5 flowstream veli3c1ty. ln addit10n, the ?rocessor responds to these outputs to calculate the speed vf sound 1n the f low stream, whereSn the speed of sound 1s variable 1n accordance w~th ~luid pressure and temperature.
In the preferred fonm, the senslng system further 1ncludes an ultrason1c temperature transducer and an u7trasontc pressure transducer, bo~h of wh~ch are ~ounted on the conduit in a nonintrus1ve manner and in a predete~m1ned spatia1 arrangement rel~t1ve to the ~lowmeter transducers.
The temperature transducer 1s pos~t~oned ~n longttudinal spaced relat10n ~ith one of the flowmeter transducers an~ cooperates therew~th to mon1tor the ~ran St t~me of an ultrason1c temperature signal long~tud1nally ~hrough the condu~. The trans1t ~1me of this temperat~ire signal is a direct func~on of the d1stance between the coopenat1ng transducers, with ~his d~st~ince ~n turn ~ein~ a dlrect f~nc~ion of conduit wall temperature. An ~ppropr~ate tempera~ure rep~esentative output signal ~s thus prov~ded to ~he processor~ -~S~T~r~ S~
W 0 93~04343 ~ 1 ~ 2 ~ Pc~r/usgl/0582g The pressure transducer is disposed in a selected circumferentiallyspaced position relative to one of the other transducers, such as one of the flowmeter transducers, and cooperates therewith to monitor the transit time of an ultrasonic pressure-indicating signal through a portion of the conduit S circumference. Since the trans1t time of the ultrasonic signal is a function o~ the combtned effects of condu1t wal1 temperature and fluid pressure applied to the conduit as hoop stress, a resultant output signal representing these combined e~Fects ~s s~pplied to the processor. Ho~ever, the processor ~s able to aetenmine the eFfect attributable to condu~t wall IU temperature based upon the temperat~re signal as descr~bed above, such that the processor can subtract the temperature portion ~o derive an tndicat~on of fluid pressure ~1thtn the conduit.
7he dertved flu1d pressure level t5 then compared by the processor ~1th the previously determined f1utd sonic velocity. Since the speed of sound 1n the ~lu~d is a v~rtable according to flu~d pressure and te~perature, the 1ndepen~ent determ1nation of flutd pressure permits the processor to ana~yze the son1c velocity to determSne fluid temperature.
Thus, 1n aceordance witJ, the tn~ention, flutd veloc~ty, pressure and temperature are all determined through t~e use of nonintrusive sensors.
Other features and advantzges of the invention will become more apparent from ~he followtn3 deta11ed description taken in con~unct10n w1th the accompanytng draw~ngs which ~llustrate, by way oF example, the princ~ples of the invention.
~ L~leIJP~L~ A~INGS
The accompanying drawings illustrate the invention. In such drawings:
Fl~UR l is a fra~mented perspective view of a flu~d flow conduit in i,Ug3STflTUTE SHEET
o g3/o4343 f~ , PCI`/US91/05829 combination with a nonintrusive flow se~nsing system embodying the novel features of the invention;
FIGURE 2 is an enlarged ~ragmented side elevational v~ew of the conduit and sensing system depicted in FIG. l; and FlGURE 3 is a flow chart dl2gram illustrating the operation of the sensing system to obtain neasurements of multiple fluid ~70w parameters.
Q~TAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
. .
IO As shown ~n the exemplary drawtngs, a nonlntrusive low sens~ng system referred to generally in FIGURE l by the reference numeral l~ ~s provided for ronltor1ng of a flu1d flow stream 12 w1th a cond~1t 14. lhe sens1ng system 10 1nc7udes a plurality of transducers mounted on the condu1t 14 and adapted I5 to send and rece1ve acoustic signa~s 1n various d1rect~ons through the co~d~tt and/or thro~gh the f 1GW stream there1n.. A processor 16 ~s coupled to the transducers to monit.or the translt t1mes of the s1~na?s and to der1Ye there~rom an acrurate neasuremen~ of flow stream parameters s~ch as ~eloo1ty. temperature and pressure.
2Q The senstrg system lO of the present invent10n is part1cularly deslgned to measure a variety of ~mportant fluid parameters w1th respect to a flow stream pass1ng through a condu~t or ~he llke, wherein the mon1tored parameters are obta~neB in a wholly nonintrusive or non~nvasive manner w~ch avo1ds the need fQr sensor probe ports to be fo~med in the conduit.
Accordingly, the sys~em lO of the presen~ ~nvent~on can be used safely with ha~ardous ~lui~s and~or ~ith flui~s subjected to s~gni~i ant heat or pressure~ wi~hou~ concern for leakage throu~h traditio~l sensor pro~e ~ountlng sites. ~oreover, ~he system ~0 ean be instzlled qulckly and easlly T~ T
WO g3/04343 "~ PCr/US91/0582"
onto a conduit during original~ conduit -insta77ation procedures, or subsequently. as d retrofit item without any interruption of fluid flow through the conduit.
In general tenms, the improved flow sensing system lO includes a pair S of ultrasonic flowmeter transducers 18 and 20 mounted suitably onto the exterior of the conduit 14 at selec~ed spaced positions, as ~s known in the art with respect to ultrasonic flow sensinq systems. These flowmeter transducers 18 and 20 comprise piezoelectric transducers of the so-called shear or Rayle~gh clamp-on type adapted to transm~t and receive pulsed uttrason1c signals. As shown in FI~S. 1 and 2, the ~lowmeter transdurers 18 ~nd 20 are ~o~nted generally on oppos~te sides of the con~uit and at ~ongitudinally spaced p~sit10ns such that a line of ~ransmiss~on e~tends through the cordu1t ~alls and acnoss the flu1d flow stream in a d1a~onal nanner with a stgn1f~cant comporent of d~rectlon extending upstream and downstream, as ~ndicted by arrow 22.
~ he processor 16 operates and controls the flowmeter transducers 18 and Z0 to monStor the sign~l trans~t times tn the upstream and downstream d1rect10ns, such ~hat t~e transducers provide appropr1ate outputs l9 and 20 to a f~rst calculator 23 (FI~. 3) fonmin~ a pvrtion of the processor 16.
Thls ~irst calculator 23 util1zes algorithms known 1n the art to derive an accurate ~nd katton of ~low velocity and speed of sound through the fluid.
In th~s regard, such ultrasonic flowmeter arrangements are known in the art particularly for use in moni~oring flow velocity o~ ~ liquid stream in a conduit. The ~rived flow Yelocity ~nd son~c vetocity are provided as 25 separate ou~puts 2~ and 2~ ~FI~. 3)~ re;pect~vely, of the first ealculator 23. Slnce the sonîc velocity outpu 27 is 3 functional ~ariable according t:o ~lu~d temperature a~d pressure,- the sonic ~el~city output is utilized further withi~ ~he prQcessor l~ to detenmine these parameters, ~s will Le described in more detail.
IT~ E~
_WO ~3~04343 ,.~ / ~ i PCI/US91/05829 The sensin~ system lO further includes a temPerature transducer 24 and a pressure transducer 26 in the form of additional ultrasonic transducers mounted noninvasively on the conduit 14. These temperature and pressure transducers 24 and 26 cooperate with at least one of the flowmeter transducers l~ and 20 to send and receive additional ultrasonic signals through the conduit alon~ controlled paths. The transit times of these add1tional s~gnals are analyzed by the processor 16 to obtain ind1cation o~
fluid temperature and pressure.
More spectfically, as vieh~ed in F~GS. 1 and 2, the temperature transducer 24 ~s pos~tloned lonsttudtnally tn-line wtth the f70wmeter transducer 18 w~th a predetermined longt~ud~nal spaclng. Ultrasonic s~gnals passed ~etween the transducert 1~ and 24 w11l thus travel through the condutt Wdll along the path indicated ~y arrow 28 and exhib1t a transtt t~me correspondtng wtth the spec~f~c distance of signal travel, wheretn ~arlations ~n the dtstance are 1ndependent of ~luid flow veloc1ty or pressure. However, var1atSons tn the distance between the transducers 18 ~nd 24 are a direct ~unct10n o~ var1at10ns ~n the temperature o~ the condu1t ~all, w~th temperature tncrease betr~ represented by wall mater1al expansion to lncrease the ~nter-transducer d1stance, and v k e versa. Accordingly, the cO s19nal trans1t t~me between the transducer 18 and Z0 represents and can he correlated directly w~h condu1t wall temperature. An output slgnal 29 ~rom the transducer 2~ represents th~s wa71 temperature and is provided as one ~nput to a second calculator 31 forming a portion o~ ~he processar 16 and ad~pted to derive f~utd pressure.
~he pressure transducer 26 ts mounted on the conduit Iq at ~he same ~ongitudinal posi~ion or plane wtth the flowmeter transducer lB, but in a predetermined circum~erent~ally spaced relation. The transit times af ultrasonic si~nals passed throught the wall o~ ~he conduit 14 between the transducers 18 an(i ~ ~lon~ the path ind icated by arrow 3Q thus represents SU33STITUTE Stt~E~
W0 93/04343 2 i ~ `; PCI/US91iO~82~ ~
_ ~ _ the spacing distance, wit~, variations in this spacing being a-function of the combined effects of temperature and pressure. That is, increase in conduit wa11 temperdture will result in an increase in the inter-transducer distance. Similarly, an increase in fluid pressure within the conduit 74 S will also result in an increase in t~\e inter-transducer distance as a result of hoop stress applied to the conduit wall ndterial. An output 32 from the pressure transducer 26 thus represent~ a composite of the effect of fluid pressure dnd conduit wall temperature, and this output 32 is appl1ed as a secord inpu~ to the pressur~ calculator 31.
The processor 16 receives and analyzes the ~ransit tlme information from the temperatl3re and prcssure transducers 26 and 28 to de tenmine the pressure of the flu1d flo~ stream. ~ore specifically, as shown in f~G. 3, the trans1t time ~nfonTat~or from the te~perature and pressure transducers ts ~n1tially supp~1ed to the pressure ca~culator 31 of the processor 16. In th~s calculator 31~ the effect of condu1t wall tem~erature obtained from the temperature transducer 24 is subtracted as d compensation factor fro~ the comb1ned pressure-temperature indi~tion provided from the pressure ~ransducer 26, thereby penmitt~ng calculated derivation of the fl~id pressure as an output 3~ of the processor 16. This derivation of fluid press~re 1s obta~ned throu~ht the use of appropriate algor1thms known tn the art and programmed 1nto the calculator 31.
7he der1ved prcssu~e informatiGn ln also supplied within the processor 16 to a thtrd calculator 36 forming another port10n o~ ~he processor 16 and a~apted to der1Ye an l,ldicat10n of ~luid tempera~ure ~ased 2~ UpQn the transd~cer translt ttme ~nfon~at10n. lh-is temperature calculator 3S rece1ves the ~lu1d sonic veloc1ty signal 27 from ~he first calculatQr 23~ Since the speed of sourld in the flow stredm is functionally r~lated to temperatur~ and pressure variations, the calculated pressure infor~ation can SWBSTIIlUT~ SHE~
- 2 l ~ i PCI~US91/05829 _ g _ be utilized by the temperature calcuiator 36 to provide an accurately derived indication of fluid temperature as another QUtpUt 38 of the processor. Once again, this derivation of temperature is obtained by the use o~ appropriate algorithms known in the art.
Accordingly, the sensing system l~ of the present invention provides a signtf1cant improvement upon prior art ultrason1c flowmeter systems by providtng add~tional acoustic s1gnals and related trans1t tlme measurements to perm~t deriva~icn of Flu1d t~mperature and press~re. These additional parameters are obta~ne~ without requiring ln~astve sensor probes on related rount1ng ports ~n the ~all Ot a flu1d condu1t.
~ ~ar1ety Or ~odlf1cations and 1mprovements to the senstng system lO
w111 be apparent to those sk111ed 1n the art. For example, wh1le ~he temperature and pressure transducers 24 and 26 are deser1bed 1n con~unctlon th one of t~e ~lowmeter transducers. ~t wtll be understood that add1t~onal transducers nay be used to obtain the des1red long1tudtnal ~nd c1rcumferenttal trans1t tlme measurements. Accordlngly, no ltm1ta~on on the lnventlon ts 1ntended by way of ~he forego1ng descr1pt10n and accompany1ng drawings, except as set forth 1n the appended clalms.
5~T
This 1nvent~on rela;es generally to an improved system and ~ethod for S detecting and mon~toring f1uid f~ow parameters such as l~qu1d flow wlthln a conduit. More particularly, thts ~nvent10n relates to a sensing s~stem and ~etho~ for measur1ng flu~d flow velocily, temperature and pressure in a non~ntruslve or non1nvas1~e m~nner.
Flutd flow condutts are wndely used tn 1ndustr1al pr~cesses and the ~0 11ke to del~Yer ~luids 1n l~u1d or gaseous fonm from one locat10n~ to another. In rany ~nstances, 1~ ~s necessary or destrable to mon~tor the ~lu1d flow $o ~nsure proper andJor safe operat10n of process equtpnent. As one examp~e, 1n a nuclear power plant fac11~ty. ~t ~s necessary to mon1tor ~ar~ous l~quid flow par~n~ters such as flow rate, temperat~re, and pressure. Ac~o~rd1ngly, 1n ~he prlor art, a variety of flow mon~tor1ng dev1ces and techn1ques ha~ been developed for this purpose. ~owever, ~n ~eneral, these prior art dev1ces and methods for monitoring flu~d flows have util1zed ~nvasive te~perature and/or l~ressure probes mounted to extend through ports ~n a flow conduit 1nto direct contact with the fluid flow stream. Th~s re~irement for probe ports in the condu1t typically results 1n a monitoring system which ~s relati~ely costly to fabrtcate and ma~ntain, an~ f~rther wherein the probe ports present leakage s1tes ~or escape o~
potentially hazardous pro~ess 'lu~d.
S~ ST~IUTE S~EET
~vo 93/0434:~ PC~/US91/0582"
In recent years, noninvasive sensin~ systems have been developed particularly for use in ~oni~oring certair, flow parameters of a liquid flow w~thin a condu1t. Such noninvasive systems have utilized ultrasonic transducers mounted on the exterior of a flow condu1t and adapted to S b1direct~onally ~ransm~t and receive pulsed signals d~agonally through the condu~ and f 10w stream there~n. By measuring the upstream and downstream trans1t t~mes o~ these pulsed signals, 1t is possible to calculate the flow veloc1ty of ~he ~i~u1d flow stream. Moreover. w~th this trans~t time 1nfonmatton, ~t ~s a1so possible to calculate the speed ~f sound ~n the l~u1d flow strea~.
~ h11e non1nvasive sens~ng systems of the type described above are extremely deslrable 1n nany operatlng env~ronmen~s, the~r practical util1ty has ~een l~m~ted ~o ~on1tor1nQ of a relat~vely small nu~ber of flow parameters. More spec~fi.ally, non1nvasive systems have not ~een des1gned for obta1n1ng aecur~te an~ rel~able ~easurements of the te~4erature and pressure of the f~ow stream. To obta~n measurements of temperature and pressure, resort to ~nvas1ve ~ype ~onitor~ng devices has generally ~een required~
~here ex~sts, therefore, a sign1f1cant need for further lmpro~ements ZO 1n sens1ng sys~ems and methods for noninvas1ve mon~tor~ng of ~1~1d flow w1thin a eondu1t~ part~cularly wtth respect to mon1torlng of add1t10nal flu~d param*ters such as temperature and pressure. The present invention fulf~lls these needs and pro~ides further re7ated ad~antages.
~5 ~M~AR~' ~F T~ INVENTION
~ n aeoord~nce wi$h the 1nvention, an improved flow sensing system îs prQvided ~on mon~toring fluld flow within a conduit. The system includes d SU~STITUT~ S~EET
i~v ~ Pi~/US91~058%9 plurality of nonintrusive or noninvasive transducers for sending znd receiving an plura1ity o~ s~gnals, such as pulsed ultrasonic signals, through the conduit and~or the flow stream therein, in combination with means for analyz~ng the relative transi~ times of the signals ti~ derive S flu1d flow veloc~ty, temperature and pressure. The system 1s part~cularly adapted for monitor1ng a liqu1d flow stream.
The flow sensing system 1ncludes a pa~r Or ultrasonie flowmeter transducers nounted on oppos~te s1des of the condu1t at longitudinally spaced pos1tions. These Flowme~er transducers are designed to send and rece1ve pulsed ultrason1c s1gnals along a 11ne of transm~ss10n extending d1agonally across and through the condu1t and flow stream. The flowmeter transducers generate appropr1ate outputs representat1ve of signal trans1t ~i~es 1n the upstream and down stream direct10ns, and these outputs are coupled to d processor for appropr~ate calculated deriYation of the i5 flowstream veli3c1ty. ln addit10n, the ?rocessor responds to these outputs to calculate the speed vf sound 1n the f low stream, whereSn the speed of sound 1s variable 1n accordance w~th ~luid pressure and temperature.
In the preferred fonm, the senslng system further 1ncludes an ultrason1c temperature transducer and an u7trasontc pressure transducer, bo~h of wh~ch are ~ounted on the conduit in a nonintrus1ve manner and in a predete~m1ned spatia1 arrangement rel~t1ve to the ~lowmeter transducers.
The temperature transducer 1s pos~t~oned ~n longttudinal spaced relat10n ~ith one of the flowmeter transducers an~ cooperates therew~th to mon1tor the ~ran St t~me of an ultrason1c temperature signal long~tud1nally ~hrough the condu~. The trans1t ~1me of this temperat~ire signal is a direct func~on of the d1stance between the coopenat1ng transducers, with ~his d~st~ince ~n turn ~ein~ a dlrect f~nc~ion of conduit wall temperature. An ~ppropr~ate tempera~ure rep~esentative output signal ~s thus prov~ded to ~he processor~ -~S~T~r~ S~
W 0 93~04343 ~ 1 ~ 2 ~ Pc~r/usgl/0582g The pressure transducer is disposed in a selected circumferentiallyspaced position relative to one of the other transducers, such as one of the flowmeter transducers, and cooperates therewith to monitor the transit time of an ultrasonic pressure-indicating signal through a portion of the conduit S circumference. Since the trans1t time of the ultrasonic signal is a function o~ the combtned effects of condu1t wal1 temperature and fluid pressure applied to the conduit as hoop stress, a resultant output signal representing these combined e~Fects ~s s~pplied to the processor. Ho~ever, the processor ~s able to aetenmine the eFfect attributable to condu~t wall IU temperature based upon the temperat~re signal as descr~bed above, such that the processor can subtract the temperature portion ~o derive an tndicat~on of fluid pressure ~1thtn the conduit.
7he dertved flu1d pressure level t5 then compared by the processor ~1th the previously determined f1utd sonic velocity. Since the speed of sound 1n the ~lu~d is a v~rtable according to flu~d pressure and te~perature, the 1ndepen~ent determ1nation of flutd pressure permits the processor to ana~yze the son1c velocity to determSne fluid temperature.
Thus, 1n aceordance witJ, the tn~ention, flutd veloc~ty, pressure and temperature are all determined through t~e use of nonintrusive sensors.
Other features and advantzges of the invention will become more apparent from ~he followtn3 deta11ed description taken in con~unct10n w1th the accompanytng draw~ngs which ~llustrate, by way oF example, the princ~ples of the invention.
~ L~leIJP~L~ A~INGS
The accompanying drawings illustrate the invention. In such drawings:
Fl~UR l is a fra~mented perspective view of a flu~d flow conduit in i,Ug3STflTUTE SHEET
o g3/o4343 f~ , PCI`/US91/05829 combination with a nonintrusive flow se~nsing system embodying the novel features of the invention;
FIGURE 2 is an enlarged ~ragmented side elevational v~ew of the conduit and sensing system depicted in FIG. l; and FlGURE 3 is a flow chart dl2gram illustrating the operation of the sensing system to obtain neasurements of multiple fluid ~70w parameters.
Q~TAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
. .
IO As shown ~n the exemplary drawtngs, a nonlntrusive low sens~ng system referred to generally in FIGURE l by the reference numeral l~ ~s provided for ronltor1ng of a flu1d flow stream 12 w1th a cond~1t 14. lhe sens1ng system 10 1nc7udes a plurality of transducers mounted on the condu1t 14 and adapted I5 to send and rece1ve acoustic signa~s 1n various d1rect~ons through the co~d~tt and/or thro~gh the f 1GW stream there1n.. A processor 16 ~s coupled to the transducers to monit.or the translt t1mes of the s1~na?s and to der1Ye there~rom an acrurate neasuremen~ of flow stream parameters s~ch as ~eloo1ty. temperature and pressure.
2Q The senstrg system lO of the present invent10n is part1cularly deslgned to measure a variety of ~mportant fluid parameters w1th respect to a flow stream pass1ng through a condu~t or ~he llke, wherein the mon1tored parameters are obta~neB in a wholly nonintrusive or non~nvasive manner w~ch avo1ds the need fQr sensor probe ports to be fo~med in the conduit.
Accordingly, the sys~em lO of the presen~ ~nvent~on can be used safely with ha~ardous ~lui~s and~or ~ith flui~s subjected to s~gni~i ant heat or pressure~ wi~hou~ concern for leakage throu~h traditio~l sensor pro~e ~ountlng sites. ~oreover, ~he system ~0 ean be instzlled qulckly and easlly T~ T
WO g3/04343 "~ PCr/US91/0582"
onto a conduit during original~ conduit -insta77ation procedures, or subsequently. as d retrofit item without any interruption of fluid flow through the conduit.
In general tenms, the improved flow sensing system lO includes a pair S of ultrasonic flowmeter transducers 18 and 20 mounted suitably onto the exterior of the conduit 14 at selec~ed spaced positions, as ~s known in the art with respect to ultrasonic flow sensinq systems. These flowmeter transducers 18 and 20 comprise piezoelectric transducers of the so-called shear or Rayle~gh clamp-on type adapted to transm~t and receive pulsed uttrason1c signals. As shown in FI~S. 1 and 2, the ~lowmeter transdurers 18 ~nd 20 are ~o~nted generally on oppos~te sides of the con~uit and at ~ongitudinally spaced p~sit10ns such that a line of ~ransmiss~on e~tends through the cordu1t ~alls and acnoss the flu1d flow stream in a d1a~onal nanner with a stgn1f~cant comporent of d~rectlon extending upstream and downstream, as ~ndicted by arrow 22.
~ he processor 16 operates and controls the flowmeter transducers 18 and Z0 to monStor the sign~l trans~t times tn the upstream and downstream d1rect10ns, such ~hat t~e transducers provide appropr1ate outputs l9 and 20 to a f~rst calculator 23 (FI~. 3) fonmin~ a pvrtion of the processor 16.
Thls ~irst calculator 23 util1zes algorithms known 1n the art to derive an accurate ~nd katton of ~low velocity and speed of sound through the fluid.
In th~s regard, such ultrasonic flowmeter arrangements are known in the art particularly for use in moni~oring flow velocity o~ ~ liquid stream in a conduit. The ~rived flow Yelocity ~nd son~c vetocity are provided as 25 separate ou~puts 2~ and 2~ ~FI~. 3)~ re;pect~vely, of the first ealculator 23. Slnce the sonîc velocity outpu 27 is 3 functional ~ariable according t:o ~lu~d temperature a~d pressure,- the sonic ~el~city output is utilized further withi~ ~he prQcessor l~ to detenmine these parameters, ~s will Le described in more detail.
IT~ E~
_WO ~3~04343 ,.~ / ~ i PCI/US91/05829 The sensin~ system lO further includes a temPerature transducer 24 and a pressure transducer 26 in the form of additional ultrasonic transducers mounted noninvasively on the conduit 14. These temperature and pressure transducers 24 and 26 cooperate with at least one of the flowmeter transducers l~ and 20 to send and receive additional ultrasonic signals through the conduit alon~ controlled paths. The transit times of these add1tional s~gnals are analyzed by the processor 16 to obtain ind1cation o~
fluid temperature and pressure.
More spectfically, as vieh~ed in F~GS. 1 and 2, the temperature transducer 24 ~s pos~tloned lonsttudtnally tn-line wtth the f70wmeter transducer 18 w~th a predetermined longt~ud~nal spaclng. Ultrasonic s~gnals passed ~etween the transducert 1~ and 24 w11l thus travel through the condutt Wdll along the path indicated ~y arrow 28 and exhib1t a transtt t~me correspondtng wtth the spec~f~c distance of signal travel, wheretn ~arlations ~n the dtstance are 1ndependent of ~luid flow veloc1ty or pressure. However, var1atSons tn the distance between the transducers 18 ~nd 24 are a direct ~unct10n o~ var1at10ns ~n the temperature o~ the condu1t ~all, w~th temperature tncrease betr~ represented by wall mater1al expansion to lncrease the ~nter-transducer d1stance, and v k e versa. Accordingly, the cO s19nal trans1t t~me between the transducer 18 and Z0 represents and can he correlated directly w~h condu1t wall temperature. An output slgnal 29 ~rom the transducer 2~ represents th~s wa71 temperature and is provided as one ~nput to a second calculator 31 forming a portion o~ ~he processar 16 and ad~pted to derive f~utd pressure.
~he pressure transducer 26 ts mounted on the conduit Iq at ~he same ~ongitudinal posi~ion or plane wtth the flowmeter transducer lB, but in a predetermined circum~erent~ally spaced relation. The transit times af ultrasonic si~nals passed throught the wall o~ ~he conduit 14 between the transducers 18 an(i ~ ~lon~ the path ind icated by arrow 3Q thus represents SU33STITUTE Stt~E~
W0 93/04343 2 i ~ `; PCI/US91iO~82~ ~
_ ~ _ the spacing distance, wit~, variations in this spacing being a-function of the combined effects of temperature and pressure. That is, increase in conduit wa11 temperdture will result in an increase in the inter-transducer distance. Similarly, an increase in fluid pressure within the conduit 74 S will also result in an increase in t~\e inter-transducer distance as a result of hoop stress applied to the conduit wall ndterial. An output 32 from the pressure transducer 26 thus represent~ a composite of the effect of fluid pressure dnd conduit wall temperature, and this output 32 is appl1ed as a secord inpu~ to the pressur~ calculator 31.
The processor 16 receives and analyzes the ~ransit tlme information from the temperatl3re and prcssure transducers 26 and 28 to de tenmine the pressure of the flu1d flo~ stream. ~ore specifically, as shown in f~G. 3, the trans1t time ~nfonTat~or from the te~perature and pressure transducers ts ~n1tially supp~1ed to the pressure ca~culator 31 of the processor 16. In th~s calculator 31~ the effect of condu1t wall tem~erature obtained from the temperature transducer 24 is subtracted as d compensation factor fro~ the comb1ned pressure-temperature indi~tion provided from the pressure ~ransducer 26, thereby penmitt~ng calculated derivation of the fl~id pressure as an output 3~ of the processor 16. This derivation of fluid press~re 1s obta~ned throu~ht the use of appropriate algor1thms known tn the art and programmed 1nto the calculator 31.
7he der1ved prcssu~e informatiGn ln also supplied within the processor 16 to a thtrd calculator 36 forming another port10n o~ ~he processor 16 and a~apted to der1Ye an l,ldicat10n of ~luid tempera~ure ~ased 2~ UpQn the transd~cer translt ttme ~nfon~at10n. lh-is temperature calculator 3S rece1ves the ~lu1d sonic veloc1ty signal 27 from ~he first calculatQr 23~ Since the speed of sourld in the flow stredm is functionally r~lated to temperatur~ and pressure variations, the calculated pressure infor~ation can SWBSTIIlUT~ SHE~
- 2 l ~ i PCI~US91/05829 _ g _ be utilized by the temperature calcuiator 36 to provide an accurately derived indication of fluid temperature as another QUtpUt 38 of the processor. Once again, this derivation of temperature is obtained by the use o~ appropriate algorithms known in the art.
Accordingly, the sensing system l~ of the present invention provides a signtf1cant improvement upon prior art ultrason1c flowmeter systems by providtng add~tional acoustic s1gnals and related trans1t tlme measurements to perm~t deriva~icn of Flu1d t~mperature and press~re. These additional parameters are obta~ne~ without requiring ln~astve sensor probes on related rount1ng ports ~n the ~all Ot a flu1d condu1t.
~ ~ar1ety Or ~odlf1cations and 1mprovements to the senstng system lO
w111 be apparent to those sk111ed 1n the art. For example, wh1le ~he temperature and pressure transducers 24 and 26 are deser1bed 1n con~unctlon th one of t~e ~lowmeter transducers. ~t wtll be understood that add1t~onal transducers nay be used to obtain the des1red long1tudtnal ~nd c1rcumferenttal trans1t tlme measurements. Accordlngly, no ltm1ta~on on the lnventlon ts 1ntended by way of ~he forego1ng descr1pt10n and accompany1ng drawings, except as set forth 1n the appended clalms.
5~T
Claims (10)
1. A fluid flow sensing system for monitoring a fluid flow stream within a conduit, said system comprising:
first means for bidirectionally sending and receiving acoustic signals generally diagonally across the flow stream between a pair of predetermined and longitudinally spaced points, and for measuring the signal transit times;
second means for sending and receiving an acoustic signal through the conduit in a longitudinal direction between a pair of predetermined spaced and longitudinally aligned points, and for measuring the signal transit time;
third means for sending and receiving an acoustic signal through the conduit in a circumferential direction between a pair of predetermined spaced and circumferentially aligned points, and for measuring the signal transit time; and processor mean; responsive to the signal transit times measured by said first, second and third means to provide outputs representative of fluid flow velocity, temperature and pressure.
first means for bidirectionally sending and receiving acoustic signals generally diagonally across the flow stream between a pair of predetermined and longitudinally spaced points, and for measuring the signal transit times;
second means for sending and receiving an acoustic signal through the conduit in a longitudinal direction between a pair of predetermined spaced and longitudinally aligned points, and for measuring the signal transit time;
third means for sending and receiving an acoustic signal through the conduit in a circumferential direction between a pair of predetermined spaced and circumferentially aligned points, and for measuring the signal transit time; and processor mean; responsive to the signal transit times measured by said first, second and third means to provide outputs representative of fluid flow velocity, temperature and pressure.
2. The fluid flow sensing system of claim 1 wherein said first second and third means each comprises a pair of ultrasonic transducers.
3. The Fluid flow sensing system of claim 1 wherein said first, second and third means comprise a plurality of transducers mounted nonintrusively onto the conduit.
4. The fluid sensing system of claim 1 wherein said first means comprises a pair of ultrasonic transmitter-receiver flowmeter transducers mounted generally on opposite sides of the conduit in longitudinally spaced relation, said second means comprising a temperature transducer mounted on the conduit in longitudinally spaced and longitudinally aligned relation with one of said flowmeter transducers, and said third means comprising a pressure transducer mounted on the conduit in circumferentially spaced and circumferentially aligned relation with one of said flowmeter transducers.
5. The fluid flow sensing system of claim 1 wherein said processor means includes first calculation means responsive to the signal transit tines measured by said first means to determine the flow velocity of the fluid stream and the speed of sound within the flow stream, second calculator means responsive to the signal transit times measured by said second and third means to determine the pressure of the flow stream, and third calculator means responsive to the speed of sound with the flow stream and the flow stream pressure to determine the temperature of the flow stream.
6. A fluid flow sensing system for monitoring a fluid flow stream within a conduit, said system comprising:
a plurality of acoustic transducers mounted noninstrusively onto the conduit and adapted to send and receive acoustic signals diagonally across the flow stream between predetermined points with a significant upstream-downstream component of direction, longitudinally through a portion of the conduit between predetermined points, and circumferentially through a portion of the conduit between presetermined points, and to measure the signal transit times; and calculation means responsive to the measured signal transit times to determine the velocity, pressure and temperature of the flow stream.
a plurality of acoustic transducers mounted noninstrusively onto the conduit and adapted to send and receive acoustic signals diagonally across the flow stream between predetermined points with a significant upstream-downstream component of direction, longitudinally through a portion of the conduit between predetermined points, and circumferentially through a portion of the conduit between presetermined points, and to measure the signal transit times; and calculation means responsive to the measured signal transit times to determine the velocity, pressure and temperature of the flow stream.
7. A fluid flow sensing system for monitoring a fluid flow stream within a conduit, said system comprising:
a plurality of acoustic transducers mounted nonintrusively onto the conduit and adapted to send and receive acoustic signals longitudinally through a portion of the conduit between predetermined points, and circumferentially through a portion of the conduit between predetermined points, and to measure the signal transit times; and calculation means responsive to the measured signal transit times to determine the velocity, pressure and temperature of the flow stream.
a plurality of acoustic transducers mounted nonintrusively onto the conduit and adapted to send and receive acoustic signals longitudinally through a portion of the conduit between predetermined points, and circumferentially through a portion of the conduit between predetermined points, and to measure the signal transit times; and calculation means responsive to the measured signal transit times to determine the velocity, pressure and temperature of the flow stream.
8. A method of monitoring a fluid flow stream within a conduit, said method comprising the steps of:
bidirectionally sending and receiving acoustic signals generally diagonally across the flow stream between a pair of predetermined and longitudinally spaced points and measuring the signal transit times;
sending and receiving an acoustic signal through the conduit in a longitudinal direction between a pair of predetermined spaced and longitudinally aligned points, and measuring the signal transit time;
sending and receiving an acoustic signal through the conduit in a circumferential direction between a pair of predetermined spaced and circumferentially aligned points, and measuring the signal transit time; and responding to the measured signal transit times to determine fluid flow velocity, temperature and pressure.
bidirectionally sending and receiving acoustic signals generally diagonally across the flow stream between a pair of predetermined and longitudinally spaced points and measuring the signal transit times;
sending and receiving an acoustic signal through the conduit in a longitudinal direction between a pair of predetermined spaced and longitudinally aligned points, and measuring the signal transit time;
sending and receiving an acoustic signal through the conduit in a circumferential direction between a pair of predetermined spaced and circumferentially aligned points, and measuring the signal transit time; and responding to the measured signal transit times to determine fluid flow velocity, temperature and pressure.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein said responding step includes the steps of responding to the diagonal signal transit times to determine flow velocity of the fluid stream and the speed of sound within the flow stream, responding to the longitudinal and circumferential signal transit times to determine the pressure of the flow stream, and responding to the speed of sound within the flow stream and the flow stream pressure to determine the temperature of the flow stream.
10. A method of monitoring a fluid flow stream within a conduit, said method comprising the steps of:
sending and receiving an acoustic signal through the conduit in a longitudinal direction between a pair of predetermined spaced and longitudinally aligned points, and measuring the signal transit time;
sending and receiving an acoustic signal through the conduit in a circumferentially direction between a pair of predetermined spaced and circumferentially aligned points, and measuring the signal transit time; and responding to the measured signal transit time to determine fluid pressure within the conduit.
sending and receiving an acoustic signal through the conduit in a longitudinal direction between a pair of predetermined spaced and longitudinally aligned points, and measuring the signal transit time;
sending and receiving an acoustic signal through the conduit in a circumferentially direction between a pair of predetermined spaced and circumferentially aligned points, and measuring the signal transit time; and responding to the measured signal transit time to determine fluid pressure within the conduit.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US1991/005829 WO1993004343A1 (en) | 1991-08-14 | 1991-08-14 | Nonintrusive flow sensing system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2104125A1 true CA2104125A1 (en) | 1993-02-15 |
Family
ID=1239282
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002104125A Abandoned CA2104125A1 (en) | 1991-08-14 | 1991-08-14 | Non-intrusive flow sensing system |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5040415A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0598720B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3110042B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2104125A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69118555T2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1993004343A1 (en) |
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-
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- 1990-06-15 US US07/539,417 patent/US5040415A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
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- 1991-08-14 CA CA002104125A patent/CA2104125A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-08-14 DE DE69118555T patent/DE69118555T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-08-14 WO PCT/US1991/005829 patent/WO1993004343A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1991-08-14 JP JP03515099A patent/JP3110042B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-08-14 EP EP91916176A patent/EP0598720B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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|---|---|
| EP0598720A4 (en) | 1994-06-29 |
| EP0598720A1 (en) | 1994-06-01 |
| JP3110042B2 (en) | 2000-11-20 |
| US5040415A (en) | 1991-08-20 |
| DE69118555T2 (en) | 1996-11-21 |
| EP0598720B1 (en) | 1996-04-03 |
| DE69118555D1 (en) | 1996-05-09 |
| JPH07504744A (en) | 1995-05-25 |
| WO1993004343A1 (en) | 1993-03-04 |
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