CA1193555A - Apparatus for continually upgrading transformer dielectric liquid - Google Patents
Apparatus for continually upgrading transformer dielectric liquidInfo
- Publication number
- CA1193555A CA1193555A CA000432279A CA432279A CA1193555A CA 1193555 A CA1193555 A CA 1193555A CA 000432279 A CA000432279 A CA 000432279A CA 432279 A CA432279 A CA 432279A CA 1193555 A CA1193555 A CA 1193555A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- fluid
- tank
- liquid
- oil
- filter
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/08—Cooling; Ventilating
- H01F27/10—Liquid cooling
- H01F27/12—Oil cooling
- H01F27/14—Expansion chambers; Oil conservators; Gas cushions; Arrangements for purifying, drying, or filling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G25/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, with solid sorbents
- C10G25/006—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, with solid sorbents of waste oils, e.g. PCB's containing oils
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/08—Cooling; Ventilating
- H01F27/10—Liquid cooling
- H01F27/105—Cooling by special liquid or by liquid of particular composition
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
- H01H2009/0055—Oil filters for tap change devices
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Electrical inductive apparatus having a tank, an insulating and cooling liquid in the tank and an electric-al winding structure immersed in the liquid, the liquid having a low vapor pressure and containing contaminants derived from various sources within the tank. Filter means associated with the liquid including a liquid recir-culating device for degassing, demoisturizing, and filter-ing insoluble particles out of the liquid, whereby the liquid is decontaminated and upgraded in a continual process.
Electrical inductive apparatus having a tank, an insulating and cooling liquid in the tank and an electric-al winding structure immersed in the liquid, the liquid having a low vapor pressure and containing contaminants derived from various sources within the tank. Filter means associated with the liquid including a liquid recir-culating device for degassing, demoisturizing, and filter-ing insoluble particles out of the liquid, whereby the liquid is decontaminated and upgraded in a continual process.
Description
~9~
l 50,323 APPARATUS FOR CONTINUALLY UPGRADING
TRANSFORMER DIELECTRIC LIQUID
BACKGROUND OE 'lH~ INVENTION
Field of the Invention:
This invention relates in general to electrical apparatus and, more particularly, to apparatus for con-tinually upgrading transformer dielectric fluids by de-gassing, demoisturizing, and filtering of the fluid.
Descr~ption of the Prior Art:
During the operation of a transformer, the dielectric fluid used for cooling becomes contaminated with water, yases, and insoluble particles, which adulter-ate the fluid and lead to an increasingly ineficient operation of the transformer. For that reason it is desirable to remove the contaminants either periodically or continuously as required.
Current equipment for upgrading transformer oils on a continuous basis reguires many moving parts, such as pumps, and vacuum chambers, which require frequent main-tenance and considerable space. Accordingly, there has been a need for more satisfactory means for continually upgrading the dielectric fluid with a minimum o mainten~
ance.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It has been found in accordance with this inven-tion that problems inherent in prior filtering means for upgrading dielectric fluid may be overcome by providing ,, :~ilL935S~
l 50,323 APPARATUS FOR CONTINUALLY UPGRADING
TRANSFORMER DIELECTRIC LIQUID
BACKGROUND OE 'lH~ INVENTION
Field of the Invention:
This invention relates in general to electrical apparatus and, more particularly, to apparatus for con-tinually upgrading transformer dielectric fluids by de-gassing, demoisturizing, and filtering of the fluid.
Descr~ption of the Prior Art:
During the operation of a transformer, the dielectric fluid used for cooling becomes contaminated with water, yases, and insoluble particles, which adulter-ate the fluid and lead to an increasingly ineficient operation of the transformer. For that reason it is desirable to remove the contaminants either periodically or continuously as required.
Current equipment for upgrading transformer oils on a continuous basis reguires many moving parts, such as pumps, and vacuum chambers, which require frequent main-tenance and considerable space. Accordingly, there has been a need for more satisfactory means for continually upgrading the dielectric fluid with a minimum o mainten~
ance.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It has been found in accordance with this inven-tion that problems inherent in prior filtering means for upgrading dielectric fluid may be overcome by providing ,, :~ilL935S~
2 50,3~3 apparatus for continually upgrading such fluids comprising a tank, a dielectric fluid having a low vapor pressure disposed in the tank, a contaminant in the fluid, and an electrical winding immersed within the fluid in the tank.
Filter means are also associated with the tank for decon-taminating the fluid including a fluid recirculating device for degassing, demoisturizing, and filtering insol-uble particulates out of the liquid, whereby a decontamin-ated fluid is returned into the tank.
The advantages of the apparatus of this inven-tion are that such a device takes advantage of new tech-nology to perform equivalent functions with only minimal pumping, or no mechanical pumping, ~nd with a reduction in e~uipment size, and at a significant cost reduction.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is an elevational view, partly in sec-tion, of electrical inductive apparatus in accordance with this invention; and Fig. 2 is a schem~tic view of a laboratory setup for gas extraction experiments.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Fig. 1 illustrates electrical inductive appar-atus 10, such as an eiectrical power transformer, which includes a tank 12 ~hat is filled to a level 14 with an insulati~g and cooling dielectric liquid or fluid having a low vapor pressure. The liquid 16 is preferably a liquid selected from a group consisting of mineral oil, silicone li~uid (such as Dow Corning 561), higher molecular weight hydrocarbons, and mixtures thereof.
An electrical winding-magnetic core assembly 18, having at least olle electrical winding 20 disposed in inductive relation with the magnetic core 22, is diæposed in the tank and immersed in the liquid 16. In a tYypical construction, the electrical winding-magnetic core assem-bly 18 has high voltage bushings (not shown) adapted for connection to a source o electrical potential, which bushings are connected to a high voltage winding in the
Filter means are also associated with the tank for decon-taminating the fluid including a fluid recirculating device for degassing, demoisturizing, and filtering insol-uble particulates out of the liquid, whereby a decontamin-ated fluid is returned into the tank.
The advantages of the apparatus of this inven-tion are that such a device takes advantage of new tech-nology to perform equivalent functions with only minimal pumping, or no mechanical pumping, ~nd with a reduction in e~uipment size, and at a significant cost reduction.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is an elevational view, partly in sec-tion, of electrical inductive apparatus in accordance with this invention; and Fig. 2 is a schem~tic view of a laboratory setup for gas extraction experiments.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Fig. 1 illustrates electrical inductive appar-atus 10, such as an eiectrical power transformer, which includes a tank 12 ~hat is filled to a level 14 with an insulati~g and cooling dielectric liquid or fluid having a low vapor pressure. The liquid 16 is preferably a liquid selected from a group consisting of mineral oil, silicone li~uid (such as Dow Corning 561), higher molecular weight hydrocarbons, and mixtures thereof.
An electrical winding-magnetic core assembly 18, having at least olle electrical winding 20 disposed in inductive relation with the magnetic core 22, is diæposed in the tank and immersed in the liquid 16. In a tYypical construction, the electrical winding-magnetic core assem-bly 18 has high voltage bushings (not shown) adapted for connection to a source o electrical potential, which bushings are connected to a high voltage winding in the
3 5'3~
3 50,3~3 assembly 18. A low voltage bushing structure is also provided, such as an in~ulating member 24 disposed to seal an opening in the tank wall through which a plurality of electrical conductors 26 pass. Conductors 26 are inter-S nally connect~d to a low voltage winding, or windings, andtheir external ends are adapted for connection to a load circuit outside of the transformer.
During the operation of electrical inductive apparatus 10, the electrical winding magnetic core assem-bly 18 produces heat due to I2R. Losses in the conductiveturns of the windings, and core 105ses, which create a thermal gradient through the insulating liquid, with the hiyher temperature liquid being at the top of the liquid.
The liquid 16 is cooled by a plurality of radiators or coolers 28, through which the liquid 16 circulates by the thermal syphon effect. Eorced circulation by pumps are also possible. The radiators 28 are in fluid-flow commun-ication with the liquid 16, such as by vertically spaced headers 30 and 32 which are welded to the tank wall, and a plurality of flat steel tubes 34 are welded betwean the headers. The warmer liquid 16 exits the tank near but below the level 14 of the liquid 16 via header 30, and it flows downwardly through the flattened tubes 34 into the lower header 32 which directs the cooled liquid 16 back into the tank 12. Thus, a continuous flow of cooled liquid 1~ flows upwardly over and through the winding-core assembly 18 to remove the heat therefrom. The number of headers and tubes in the cooler 28 are selected according to the KVA rating and maximum temperature rise rating of the apparatus.
During the operation of oil-filled electrical apparatus, such as tranqformers, gases are generated from faults or failures in the apparatus. Electrical arcing and discharge, overheating, breakdown of cellulosic paper, heating of copper bus bars within the oil, are examples of means for contaminating the oil. There are several gases which may be fo~md in the oil including hydrogen, com-~J355~
3 50,3~3 assembly 18. A low voltage bushing structure is also provided, such as an in~ulating member 24 disposed to seal an opening in the tank wall through which a plurality of electrical conductors 26 pass. Conductors 26 are inter-S nally connect~d to a low voltage winding, or windings, andtheir external ends are adapted for connection to a load circuit outside of the transformer.
During the operation of electrical inductive apparatus 10, the electrical winding magnetic core assem-bly 18 produces heat due to I2R. Losses in the conductiveturns of the windings, and core 105ses, which create a thermal gradient through the insulating liquid, with the hiyher temperature liquid being at the top of the liquid.
The liquid 16 is cooled by a plurality of radiators or coolers 28, through which the liquid 16 circulates by the thermal syphon effect. Eorced circulation by pumps are also possible. The radiators 28 are in fluid-flow commun-ication with the liquid 16, such as by vertically spaced headers 30 and 32 which are welded to the tank wall, and a plurality of flat steel tubes 34 are welded betwean the headers. The warmer liquid 16 exits the tank near but below the level 14 of the liquid 16 via header 30, and it flows downwardly through the flattened tubes 34 into the lower header 32 which directs the cooled liquid 16 back into the tank 12. Thus, a continuous flow of cooled liquid 1~ flows upwardly over and through the winding-core assembly 18 to remove the heat therefrom. The number of headers and tubes in the cooler 28 are selected according to the KVA rating and maximum temperature rise rating of the apparatus.
During the operation of oil-filled electrical apparatus, such as tranqformers, gases are generated from faults or failures in the apparatus. Electrical arcing and discharge, overheating, breakdown of cellulosic paper, heating of copper bus bars within the oil, are examples of means for contaminating the oil. There are several gases which may be fo~md in the oil including hydrogen, com-~J355~
4 50,323 pounds o carbon and hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbondioxide, nitrogen, oxygen, and argon, which have been detected in oil samples from electrical power transform-ers. Moreover, as the transformer ages, water is released into the dielectric fluid or oil. Finally, other contam-inants such as insoluble particles including cellulose, copper, aluminum, and iron may gradually accumulate to an undesirable level, resulting in serious degradation of the dielectric liquid.
In accordance with this invention, filter means for removing such contaminants as the enumerated gases, moisture, and insoluble particles is mounted on the tank 12 and includes a filter 40 external of the tank, for ease of replacement of the various filter cartridges.
As shown in Fig. l, a filter 40 may be mounted in a fluid flow path which includes a housing 41 disposed between conduits 42, 44 which are in fluid flow co~nunica-tion with the dielectric fluid 16 within the tank 12. The filter 40 is preferably comprised of two portions 41 and 46 disposed in the circuit between the conduit 42, 44.
Valves 48, S0, 52 are located such that the housings 41, 46 may be periodically removed for replacement or recondi-tioning without leakage of the liquid 16.
The housing 41 contains a degassing chamber in which filter means for degassing the liquid are disposed.
Such means may comprise a permeation cell 54. The permea~
tion cell may comprise a permeable membrane of polymeric material which passes low molecular weight gases, such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide, to reduce the contaminate gas content of the dielectric liquid.
This can be constantly flushed with nitrogen or it can be used to sample or contaminate gases, or it may be par-tially evacuated to reduce the total gas content of the oil on the other side of the membrane.
The housing 46 contains filter material 58 for demoisturizing the dielectric li~1id 16. The material S8 is preferably comprised of a desiccant resin, such as a ~"3;~5~i~
50,323 drying resin HCR-W2 as pxovided by the Dow Chemical Com-pany of Midland, Michigan. The resin is preferably in the form of granular pellets or solid spherical beads and is contained within a perforated canister 60 to facilitate insertion and remo~al for either regeneration or replace-ment. The resinous filter material 58 dries the dielec-tric liquid to 20 ppm or less of water at room temperature without depleting stabilizers or inhibitors.
The function of filtering the dielectric liquid 16 for removal of insoluble particles may be accomplished by the use of porous glass, clay fi~tration, or by packed resinous beads. The filter 62 for such particles can be located at the lower end of the housing 46 below the canister 60. In an alternative the filter 62 may be included within the canister 60 with the desiccant filter material 58. Clay filtering comprises granular material.
The filter 62 functions to remove such particles as dust, carbonaceous material, cellulose, products or decomposi~
tion of transformer components, or any solids resulting from initial manufacture and subsequent aging including metal particles, ~uch as copper, aluminum, and iron. The filter function preferably reduces the content of such particles to a non-detectable range. The filter 62, whether separate or included with the canister 60, is removable for replacement as required. Circulation of the fluid through the filter 40 is preferably by a pump (P) or by the thermal syphon effect.
It is noted that although the foregoing order of the ~unctions of degassing, dehumidifying, and filtering solid particles is set forth, any other order of the functions is feasible.
The following example is illustrative of the invention:
EXAMPLE
I. Evaluation of Extraction of Gases From Oil _ A study of gas extraction from transformer oil using a permeation cell was accomplished using a labora-35i~Si 6 5~,323 tory setup (Fig. 2~. Approximately 2,000 ml of oil was placed in a stainlass steel tank 66, which oil was satur-ated by bubbling through the oil for two hours a gas mixture as listed in Table I.
TABLE I
Analysis of Gas Mixture Usad to Saturate Oil Hydrogen 0.47%
Oxygen 3.71 Carbon Monoxide 4.10 Methane 1.01 Carbon Dioxide 4.07 After the two hour period, a tank top 68 was attached and nitrogen gas at 5 psig pressure was added to the head space above the oil. The oil was then pumped through the oil cavity side of a permeation cell 70 and back to the tank as indicated. Nitrogen gas in a container 72 was allowed to flow through the gas cavity side of the cell 70, thereby removing any gases that permeated through the polymeric membrane 74 of the cell.
Several hours after bubbling the gas mixture (Table I) through the oil, an oil sample was taken and analyzed for gas content using a gas chromatograph. The analysis was compared to the ga~ from the oil analysis obtained initially.
Tabla II contains the data from the experiments using the setup illustrated in Fig. 2.
~93~
7 50,323 TABLE II
Study of Gas Extraction Erom Oi1 by Membrane Gas Analysis ; 5 10:00 A.M. 3:00 P.M.
Vol. (%) Vol. (~) Nitrogen 66.89 81.31 Oxygen 23.71 16.44 Carbon Dioxide 7.73 1.63 Hydrogen N.D. N.D.
Carbon Monoxide 6.29 0.42 Methane 1.37 0.20 The data of Table II indicates: the concen-trations of all gases initially present, except for nitro-gen, were markedly reduced after passing the oil throughthe permeation cell, the nitrogen content was increased due to the transfer of the purging gas (nitrogen) via the permeation cell into the oil. This causes no problem since nitrogen i~ normally present in the oil anyway due to transfer from the nitrogen blanket which is commonly used over ~he oil.
II. Evaluation of Removal of Water From Oil This procedure involved passing a measured amount of water-doped oil through a measured amount of drying resin (HCR-42) obtained from the Dow Chemical Company. Specifically, 10 grams of drying resin were used by placing in a glass column and 100 ml of oil was passed through the resin at a time. The oil flowed by gravity at a rate of 24-32 ml/minute.
The moisture content of the water-doped oil varied from 60-100 ppm. After passing a total of 5.3 gallons of oil through the same 10 grams of resin, the moisture content of the oil effluent was between 6~13 ppm.
The 10 grams of resin were not regenerated during the 3L; L93555 8 50,323 experiment. The drying study was terminated at this point without ~he 10 grams of resin yet reaching its water saturation level.
III. Oil Compatabilitv A mixture of drying resin (Dowex HCR-42) and oil was prepared in an 18:1 ratio (one liter of oil to 50 grams of resin). The systems were aged 7, 30, and 60 days at 105C and 125~C. Table III shows the oil properties for the resin and oil mixture and oil alone. The drying resin appears to have had no adverse effect on the oil during the study period.
9 50, 323 U--_ o ; N ~ 3 r ~J N ~U N 1`1 >
~ 1O 1` 0~ -- N ~ N 11~ N
D_ IN ~) ~ ~J N u~ N -- ~ N Lt~ N
'~ U~ N N 3 ~ N Ql N
3 ~7 3 3 ~ ~J 3 ~ 3 3 ~) X
O ~ N N N O ~J O
O O O O O O
o C _ C; O O O O O
C~
L`
N
C~ OC ~ ~
_1~ ~ C ,~ C ~
_ C 1:1 O E m m ~ m m -- m ~ ~ ~ m _ C u~~ N ~ U 81 UU' ~ ?~ a~ 111 N ID
I OcC~ O 0 t~ 0 ~
I ~:
~¦ U~
~~,1, , ,o N ~ J -- ~ ~0 J JO ~0 -L O ~ 0 ~ U`\ 00 a ) 1~ m 02 U ~3 0 0 00 0 30 0 Uo\ g a~
t. 1~.--I o o oo o o o o o. o :~ o L _ m u~ 0 m u~ 1--- -- U~
c~l o o o o o o-- a ~ C V~ L
E¦ 0 C = 0 C --0_ ~ m _ 0 a~ ~_ 0 _, ~
o c~ ~a 0~2: m o~ m o~ m o a: m o~
a~ L C
C) ~ 0--3 ~0L E ~ ~ U C ~--o--C ~ I` ~
X _ ~ N :r 3~
50,3~3 In Table III the power factor is the ratio of the power dissipated in the oil in watts to the product of the effective voltage and current in volt amperes, when tested with a sinusoidal field under prescribed condi-tions. A high power factor vaIue is an indication of thepresence of contaminants or deterioration products.
The primary significance of color ~Table III) is to observe a rate of change from previous samples of oil from the same transformer. Noticeable darkening in short periods of time indicate either contamination or deterior-ation of the oil. A darkening color, with no significant change in neutralization value or viscosity, usually indicates contamination with foreign materials. The color of an insulating oil is determined by means of transmitted light and is expressed by a numerical value based on comparison with a series of color standards.
Table III illustrates that even after 60 days at 125C the oil and resin system meets the specifications for new oil. For the "Acid Number" a low value is pre-ferred. Eor the "IFT" and "Dielectric" columns, highvalues are preferred.
The advantage of the apparatus for continually upgrading transformer dielectric fluid of this invention is simplicity, low cost, adaptability to be mounted on a transformer or used as a separate unit. Moreover, oil flow can be carried out by either thermosyphon or a pump.
In conclusion, the apparatus of this invention includes the ability to use removable cartridges or can-isters which both demoisturize, degas, and filter the oil by the use of resins in a continuous process, whereby the prior procedure of analyzing and then treating the oil to dehumidify and degas was required periodically under prior procedures which generally required the transformer to be out of service.
In accordance with this invention, filter means for removing such contaminants as the enumerated gases, moisture, and insoluble particles is mounted on the tank 12 and includes a filter 40 external of the tank, for ease of replacement of the various filter cartridges.
As shown in Fig. l, a filter 40 may be mounted in a fluid flow path which includes a housing 41 disposed between conduits 42, 44 which are in fluid flow co~nunica-tion with the dielectric fluid 16 within the tank 12. The filter 40 is preferably comprised of two portions 41 and 46 disposed in the circuit between the conduit 42, 44.
Valves 48, S0, 52 are located such that the housings 41, 46 may be periodically removed for replacement or recondi-tioning without leakage of the liquid 16.
The housing 41 contains a degassing chamber in which filter means for degassing the liquid are disposed.
Such means may comprise a permeation cell 54. The permea~
tion cell may comprise a permeable membrane of polymeric material which passes low molecular weight gases, such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide, to reduce the contaminate gas content of the dielectric liquid.
This can be constantly flushed with nitrogen or it can be used to sample or contaminate gases, or it may be par-tially evacuated to reduce the total gas content of the oil on the other side of the membrane.
The housing 46 contains filter material 58 for demoisturizing the dielectric li~1id 16. The material S8 is preferably comprised of a desiccant resin, such as a ~"3;~5~i~
50,323 drying resin HCR-W2 as pxovided by the Dow Chemical Com-pany of Midland, Michigan. The resin is preferably in the form of granular pellets or solid spherical beads and is contained within a perforated canister 60 to facilitate insertion and remo~al for either regeneration or replace-ment. The resinous filter material 58 dries the dielec-tric liquid to 20 ppm or less of water at room temperature without depleting stabilizers or inhibitors.
The function of filtering the dielectric liquid 16 for removal of insoluble particles may be accomplished by the use of porous glass, clay fi~tration, or by packed resinous beads. The filter 62 for such particles can be located at the lower end of the housing 46 below the canister 60. In an alternative the filter 62 may be included within the canister 60 with the desiccant filter material 58. Clay filtering comprises granular material.
The filter 62 functions to remove such particles as dust, carbonaceous material, cellulose, products or decomposi~
tion of transformer components, or any solids resulting from initial manufacture and subsequent aging including metal particles, ~uch as copper, aluminum, and iron. The filter function preferably reduces the content of such particles to a non-detectable range. The filter 62, whether separate or included with the canister 60, is removable for replacement as required. Circulation of the fluid through the filter 40 is preferably by a pump (P) or by the thermal syphon effect.
It is noted that although the foregoing order of the ~unctions of degassing, dehumidifying, and filtering solid particles is set forth, any other order of the functions is feasible.
The following example is illustrative of the invention:
EXAMPLE
I. Evaluation of Extraction of Gases From Oil _ A study of gas extraction from transformer oil using a permeation cell was accomplished using a labora-35i~Si 6 5~,323 tory setup (Fig. 2~. Approximately 2,000 ml of oil was placed in a stainlass steel tank 66, which oil was satur-ated by bubbling through the oil for two hours a gas mixture as listed in Table I.
TABLE I
Analysis of Gas Mixture Usad to Saturate Oil Hydrogen 0.47%
Oxygen 3.71 Carbon Monoxide 4.10 Methane 1.01 Carbon Dioxide 4.07 After the two hour period, a tank top 68 was attached and nitrogen gas at 5 psig pressure was added to the head space above the oil. The oil was then pumped through the oil cavity side of a permeation cell 70 and back to the tank as indicated. Nitrogen gas in a container 72 was allowed to flow through the gas cavity side of the cell 70, thereby removing any gases that permeated through the polymeric membrane 74 of the cell.
Several hours after bubbling the gas mixture (Table I) through the oil, an oil sample was taken and analyzed for gas content using a gas chromatograph. The analysis was compared to the ga~ from the oil analysis obtained initially.
Tabla II contains the data from the experiments using the setup illustrated in Fig. 2.
~93~
7 50,323 TABLE II
Study of Gas Extraction Erom Oi1 by Membrane Gas Analysis ; 5 10:00 A.M. 3:00 P.M.
Vol. (%) Vol. (~) Nitrogen 66.89 81.31 Oxygen 23.71 16.44 Carbon Dioxide 7.73 1.63 Hydrogen N.D. N.D.
Carbon Monoxide 6.29 0.42 Methane 1.37 0.20 The data of Table II indicates: the concen-trations of all gases initially present, except for nitro-gen, were markedly reduced after passing the oil throughthe permeation cell, the nitrogen content was increased due to the transfer of the purging gas (nitrogen) via the permeation cell into the oil. This causes no problem since nitrogen i~ normally present in the oil anyway due to transfer from the nitrogen blanket which is commonly used over ~he oil.
II. Evaluation of Removal of Water From Oil This procedure involved passing a measured amount of water-doped oil through a measured amount of drying resin (HCR-42) obtained from the Dow Chemical Company. Specifically, 10 grams of drying resin were used by placing in a glass column and 100 ml of oil was passed through the resin at a time. The oil flowed by gravity at a rate of 24-32 ml/minute.
The moisture content of the water-doped oil varied from 60-100 ppm. After passing a total of 5.3 gallons of oil through the same 10 grams of resin, the moisture content of the oil effluent was between 6~13 ppm.
The 10 grams of resin were not regenerated during the 3L; L93555 8 50,323 experiment. The drying study was terminated at this point without ~he 10 grams of resin yet reaching its water saturation level.
III. Oil Compatabilitv A mixture of drying resin (Dowex HCR-42) and oil was prepared in an 18:1 ratio (one liter of oil to 50 grams of resin). The systems were aged 7, 30, and 60 days at 105C and 125~C. Table III shows the oil properties for the resin and oil mixture and oil alone. The drying resin appears to have had no adverse effect on the oil during the study period.
9 50, 323 U--_ o ; N ~ 3 r ~J N ~U N 1`1 >
~ 1O 1` 0~ -- N ~ N 11~ N
D_ IN ~) ~ ~J N u~ N -- ~ N Lt~ N
'~ U~ N N 3 ~ N Ql N
3 ~7 3 3 ~ ~J 3 ~ 3 3 ~) X
O ~ N N N O ~J O
O O O O O O
o C _ C; O O O O O
C~
L`
N
C~ OC ~ ~
_1~ ~ C ,~ C ~
_ C 1:1 O E m m ~ m m -- m ~ ~ ~ m _ C u~~ N ~ U 81 UU' ~ ?~ a~ 111 N ID
I OcC~ O 0 t~ 0 ~
I ~:
~¦ U~
~~,1, , ,o N ~ J -- ~ ~0 J JO ~0 -L O ~ 0 ~ U`\ 00 a ) 1~ m 02 U ~3 0 0 00 0 30 0 Uo\ g a~
t. 1~.--I o o oo o o o o o. o :~ o L _ m u~ 0 m u~ 1--- -- U~
c~l o o o o o o-- a ~ C V~ L
E¦ 0 C = 0 C --0_ ~ m _ 0 a~ ~_ 0 _, ~
o c~ ~a 0~2: m o~ m o~ m o a: m o~
a~ L C
C) ~ 0--3 ~0L E ~ ~ U C ~--o--C ~ I` ~
X _ ~ N :r 3~
50,3~3 In Table III the power factor is the ratio of the power dissipated in the oil in watts to the product of the effective voltage and current in volt amperes, when tested with a sinusoidal field under prescribed condi-tions. A high power factor vaIue is an indication of thepresence of contaminants or deterioration products.
The primary significance of color ~Table III) is to observe a rate of change from previous samples of oil from the same transformer. Noticeable darkening in short periods of time indicate either contamination or deterior-ation of the oil. A darkening color, with no significant change in neutralization value or viscosity, usually indicates contamination with foreign materials. The color of an insulating oil is determined by means of transmitted light and is expressed by a numerical value based on comparison with a series of color standards.
Table III illustrates that even after 60 days at 125C the oil and resin system meets the specifications for new oil. For the "Acid Number" a low value is pre-ferred. Eor the "IFT" and "Dielectric" columns, highvalues are preferred.
The advantage of the apparatus for continually upgrading transformer dielectric fluid of this invention is simplicity, low cost, adaptability to be mounted on a transformer or used as a separate unit. Moreover, oil flow can be carried out by either thermosyphon or a pump.
In conclusion, the apparatus of this invention includes the ability to use removable cartridges or can-isters which both demoisturize, degas, and filter the oil by the use of resins in a continuous process, whereby the prior procedure of analyzing and then treating the oil to dehumidify and degas was required periodically under prior procedures which generally required the transformer to be out of service.
Claims (12)
1. An apparatus for continually upgrading transformer dielectric fluid comprising:
a tank, a dielectric fluid having a low vapor pressure disposed in the tank, a contaminant in the fluid, an electrical winding immersed within the fluid in the tank, filter means for decontaminating the fluid including a fluid recirculating device for degassing, demoisturizing, and filtering the liquid, whereby decontaminated fluid is returned into the tank.
a tank, a dielectric fluid having a low vapor pressure disposed in the tank, a contaminant in the fluid, an electrical winding immersed within the fluid in the tank, filter means for decontaminating the fluid including a fluid recirculating device for degassing, demoisturizing, and filtering the liquid, whereby decontaminated fluid is returned into the tank.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 in which the insu-lating fluid comprises a fluid selected from the group consisting of mineral oil, silicone fluids, higher molecu-lar weight hydrocarbon, and mixtures thereof.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 in which the filter means for degassing comprises a permeation cell contained within a supportive container.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 in which the perme-ation cell includes a membrane material.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 in which the filter means for demoisturizing the fluid comprises granular pellets of a desiccant material for reducing water in the fluid to 20 ppm or less at room temperature.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 in which the granu-lar pellets include solid sphere-like beads.
7. The apparatus of claim 5 in which the desic-cant pellets comprise a resinous material.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 in which the pel-lets of resinous material are contained in a fluid-pervious cartridge.
9. The apparatus of claim 5 in which filtering means for filtering the fluid comprises means for removal of insoluble particles in the fluid.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 in which the means comprises porous glass.
11. The apparatus of claim 9 in which the means comprises granular clay material.
12. The apparatus of claim 9 in which the means comprises packed resinous beads.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US397,288 | 1982-07-12 | ||
| US06/397,288 US4437082A (en) | 1982-07-12 | 1982-07-12 | Apparatus for continually upgrading transformer dielectric liquid |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1193555A true CA1193555A (en) | 1985-09-17 |
Family
ID=23570589
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000432279A Expired CA1193555A (en) | 1982-07-12 | 1983-07-12 | Apparatus for continually upgrading transformer dielectric liquid |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4437082A (en) |
| JP (2) | JPS5923508A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1193555A (en) |
| IN (1) | IN158662B (en) |
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-
1982
- 1982-07-12 US US06/397,288 patent/US4437082A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1983
- 1983-06-07 IN IN721/CAL/83A patent/IN158662B/en unknown
- 1983-07-12 JP JP58125639A patent/JPS5923508A/en active Pending
- 1983-07-12 CA CA000432279A patent/CA1193555A/en not_active Expired
-
1989
- 1989-11-21 JP JP1989134466U patent/JPH0276819U/ja active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4437082A (en) | 1984-03-13 |
| IN158662B (en) | 1987-01-03 |
| JPH0276819U (en) | 1990-06-13 |
| JPS5923508A (en) | 1984-02-07 |
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