Where Are GFCI Outlets Required? A Complete Guide
These special outlets in your bathrooms, kitchen, and outdoor spaces are designed to keep you safe
Highlights
GFCI outlets provide additional protection against fire and electrocution.
Unlike standard outlets, GFCI outlets cut the power to a device if they detect an electrical problem.
To stay safe and compliant with the National Electrical Code®, your outlets will need GFCI protection if they are within 6 feet of a sink or anywhere else likely to come into contact with water.
Test your GFCI outlets monthly to make sure they’re working properly.
Installation of GFCI outlets is best left to the pros unless you’ve got solid electrical knowledge.
Have you ever wondered why some of your outlets have reset buttons while others don’t? It’s all in the name of safety, and those special outlets with extra buttons are called GFCI (ground fault circuit interrupter) outlets. What is a GFCI outlet, where is it needed, and why are they so important to the safety of your home? We’ll walk you through everything you want to know about these unique components of your electrical system.
How Does a GFCI Outlet Work?
Not every outlet offers the same protection from electrocution. A GFCI outlet is designed to prevent electrocution. The National Electrical Code® requires these outlets in specific locations of the home, specifically those that may be in contact with water.
So, how can a GFCI outlet stop a small electrical issue from becoming a big one? The outlet will cut power to the circuit to stop the electrical current if it detects any minor changes, even as small as four to five milliamps. To put that in perspective, one milliamp is 1/1,000 of an ampere, which is the basic measure of electrical currents in a home.
When a GFCI cuts power, it prevents a ground fault, which is when electricity flows outside the intended circuit and is working to reach the ground through any path necessary, even the human body.
If the GFCI outlet notices excess energy or an abnormal flow, it can cut the power in less than 1/30 of a second. You might still feel a shock, but this outlet helps prevent serious injuries and fatalities.
Where Are GFCI Outlets Required?
The National Electrical Code® requires GFCI outlets in several locations throughout your home. There should be GFCI for outlets within 6 feet of a sink or water source. Long story short, if the outlet is likely to come into contact with water, it should be a GFCI outlet.
Bathrooms: Bathrooms were the first place for GFCI outlets to be required. All 15- and 20-amp, 125-volt outlets in bathrooms require GFCI protection.
Kitchens: GFCI outlets must be within 6 feet of a sink, wet bar, or another water source. Even if a dishwasher isn’t within 6 feet of a sink, you also need a GFCI outlet for hooking up this appliance.
Garages: All 15- and 20-amp, 125-volt outlets in the garage must be GFCI outlets. You might also consider a GFCI circuit breaker if you have several outlets in your garage.
Basements: If you have an unfinished basement, it must have GFCI outlets. If you have a finished basement with a bathroom, bar, or another water source, it also needs GFCI outlets. If your finished basement is simply a home theater or art studio with no sinks, standard outlets will work.
Laundry rooms: The 2005 revision of the National Electrical Code® requires all 15 and 20-amp, 125-volt outlets in laundry and utility rooms to have GFCIs.
Outdoor spaces: Planning to install some fairy lights over your patio? Make sure you’re GFCI protected. The National Electrical Code® requires all outdoor outlets to have GFCI protection and weatherproof covers. Outdoor outlets must be no higher than 6.5 feet above a walking surface because they must always be within easy reach.
Crawl spaces: Crawl spaces must have GFCI outlet protection, but because they can be harder to access, pros recommend GFCI circuit breakers for this area, instead.
Water heaters: Any outlets within 6 feet of your water heater need GFCI protection.
Wet bars: Do you entertain guests at a bar with its own sink? You’ll need outlets for your electrical ice crusher, and they’ll need GFCI protection. No sink? Standard outlets will do the job.
Boathouses: If you have a boathouse, you’ll need GFCI outlets for any electrics, including boat hoist outlets, of 125 volts or more.
Any other wet area: The regulations state that you should install GFCI outlets in any wet area. So, GFCIs are the way to go if, for example, you’re adding a mudroom in your house. That way, you don’t need to worry about constantly dripping boots or soggy doggies.
Federal Codes
The National Electrical Code (NEC) has separate requirements for dwellings vs. non-dwellings. Check out the federal code requirements to stay safe and compliant.
Dwellings
Dwellings are defined as permanent living spaces for one or more persons, including areas for sleeping, cooking and sanitation. NEC codes require GFCI protection for 150-volt to 250-volt receptacles produced by single-branch circuits rated 150 volts or less to be ground in the following spots:
Laundry rooms
All areas with sinks
Kitchen countertops
Dishwasher outlets
Bathrooms
Basements
Crawl spaces
Non-Dwellings
Non-dwelling spaces include commercial kitchens, workshops, or offices that aren’t used as a permanent residence. There are fewer GFCI requirements for these places, but the following still apply:
All areas with sinks
Basements
Bathrooms
Crawl spaces
Garages
Kitchens
Locker rooms
Outdoor areas
Rooms That Don’t Require a GFCI Outlet
Bedrooms, living rooms, and offices do not require GFCI outlets (unless they have a sink or other water source in them and the outlets are less than 6 feet away). But if you want added safety, consider replacing ungrounded outlets with GFCI outlets for more protection anywhere in your home.
Types of GFCIs
There are three main types of GFCI outlets:
Receptacle: This is the most common GFCI outlet type and resembles traditional outlets. It’s either wired as a single-location outlet, which protects just one outlet, or as a multiple-location GFCI, which will protect other outlets in the home that are on the same circuit.
Circuit Breaker: A circuit breaker GFCI safeguards an entire circuit, protecting both the electrical system (like a standard circuit breaker box) and the humans who use it. This is ideal for outdoor spaces and garages with several GFCI outlets.
Temporary: Never use a temporary GFCI for permanent in-home use. Pros often use this type for construction work.
How to Test GFCI Outlets
As you can see, GFCI outlets are essential for preventing shock and electrocution. Just make sure to test them regularly, about once a month, to ensure they’re working properly.
Plug a lamp, alarm clock, or other small device into the GFCI outlet.
Turn on the device.
Press the test button on the outlet.
You should hear a click, the device should shut off, and the outlet’s reset button should pop out.
Press the reset button to restart the GFCI protection.
If the lamp or other small device does not shut off, you need to call an electrician immediately to replace the old GFCI outlet. A malfunctioning GFCI outlet could lead to serious and even fatal injuries.
GFCI vs. Standard Outlets
A standard outlet can’t protect you from accidental shocks. If you plug something into the outlet and there’s a malfunction, there is no failsafe that will turn off power to the outlet. This means that electricity could jump out and hit you, causing electric shock or leading to an electric fire. GFCIs are so valuable because they do have that failsafe.
On the more simple side of things, as opposed to standard outlets, some GFCI outlets feature one or two indicator lights in the bottom corner of the outlet face.
The main light is the status indicator. It stays green if the outlet is working correctly and turns red if it detects a problem. In some models, the light can go off completely, indicating the device has tripped. If there’s a second indicator button, it typically flashes amber when there’s a trip so that you’ll know your electrical outlet is not working.
How to Install GFCI Outlets
If you want or need added protection in various rooms throughout your home, consider installing GFCI outlets. But working with electricity is dangerous and can even be fatal in the case of extreme electric shock. Don’t try to DIY GFCI installation if you don’t know your way around wires and electricity. It’s best to hire an electrician near you to install GFCI outlets. The cost to install or replace GFCI outlets is about $150 per outlet, including materials and labor, which is well worth it for your safety.
Paige Bennett contributed to this piece.