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State of the Population of Kezenoi-Am Trout (Salmo trutta ezenami Berg, 1948) and the Forecast of the Development of the Ecological Situation in Lake Kezenoi-Am

  • AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS OF ARID TERRITORIES
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Abstract

The development of the ecosystem of Lake Kezenoi-Am (Eisenam) over the past hundred years is described based on literature data and original materials. The ecosystem underwent a catastrophic transformation as a result of the introduction of the chub (Squalius cephalus orientalis Linnaeus, 1758) in the middle of the 20th century and the European perch (Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758) in 2013–2014. According to our studies and collected survey data, the endemic subspecies the Kezenoi-Am trout (Salmo trutta ezenami Berg, 1948), which was previously represented by two sympatric forms spawning in the lake and in brooks, has almost completely disappeared. The multifold increase in the intensity of net fishing is an additional factor promoting the degradation of the ecosystem. At present, the European perch predominates in the reservoir, and the chub is a subdominant species. Native fish species are currently inhabiting the ecosystem periphery. The Caspian gudgeon (Gobio holurus Fowler, 1976) is found only in the lower reaches of the tributaries. The Kezenoi-Am trout has completely disappeared in the lake basin and currently is found presumably only in the upper reaches of the tributaries. Based on an analysis of the literature data on the transformation of similar ecosystems, we argue that the consequences of the degradation of Lake Kezenoi-Am fauna are irreversible; thus, the Kezenoi-Am trout, which is listed in the Red Book, will disappear totally in the coming years. Urgent measures are required to preserve this endemic species, including artificial trout breeding and reclamation measures to reduce the number of introduced species.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors express sincere gratitude to the administration of the Kezenoi recreation complex for the full technical support provided at the study site.

Funding

The work was carried out within the State Assignment no. АААА-А19-0101590064-1, “Resource Potential and Structure of Populations of Commercial Fish and Modern Trends in the Dynamics of Ecosystems of the Dagestan Region of the Caspian Sea and Patterns of Their Formation,” and with the partial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 16-04-01687, “Sustainable Food Diversification of Char of the Genus Salvelinus (Salmonidae) in Littoral Ecosystems: Individual Specialization or a New Round of the Microevolutionary Process?”).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Caspian Institute of Biological Resources, Dagestan Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 367000, Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, Russia

    N. I. Rabazanov & R. M. Barkhalov

  2. Dagestan State University, 367000, Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, Russia

    N. I. Rabazanov, R. M. Barkhalov & R. N. Rabazanov

  3. Kronotsky State Reserve, 684000, Elizovo, Kamchatsky Krai, Russia

    G. N. Markevich

Authors
  1. N. I. Rabazanov
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  2. R. M. Barkhalov
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  3. R. N. Rabazanov
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  4. G. N. Markevich
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Correspondence to N. I. Rabazanov or R. M. Barkhalov.

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Conflict of interests. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Statement on the welfare of animals. All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.

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Translated by D. Martynova

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Rabazanov, N.I., Barkhalov, R.M., Rabazanov, R.N. et al. State of the Population of Kezenoi-Am Trout (Salmo trutta ezenami Berg, 1948) and the Forecast of the Development of the Ecological Situation in Lake Kezenoi-Am. Arid Ecosyst 12, 113–121 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S2079096122010085

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