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Page 10

Thermal, Mechanical, and Physical Properties of Selected Bituminous Coals and Cokes, J. M. Singer and R. P. Tye, US Department of Interior, Bureau of Mines (1979) Government Report No. 8364.

Coalbed Methane: Principles and Practice, Rogers, Rudy E. Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1994, pp. 68-97.

Department of Energy Coal Sample Bank and Database http://www.energy.psu.edu/arg/doesb.htm, Jun. 4, 2002. Geology for Petroleum Exploration, Drilling, and Production. Hyne, Norman J. McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1984, p. 264.

Modern Petroleum Technology, Hobson, G.D., Halsted Press, Applied Science Publishers LTD. 1973, pp. 786, 787. Van Krevelen, Coal: Typology-Physics-Chemistry-Constitution, 1993, pp. 27, 42, 52, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 526, 527, 726.

Genrich et al.; "A Simplified Performance-Predictive Model for In-situ Combustion Processes", Society of Petroleum Engineers Reservoir Engineering, May 1988, pp. 410-418. Adegbesan et al.; "Low-Temperature-Oxidation Kinetic Parameters for in-Situ Combustion: Numerical Simulation", SPE Reservoir Engineering, Nov. 1987, pp. 573-582. "Brief: Magnetostatic Well-Tracking Technique for Drilling Horizontal Parallel Wells" J. Petroleum Technology, 1995, pp. 119-120.

Nekut et al. "Rotating Magnet Ranging-A New Drilling Guidance Technology", Vector Magnetics, Presentation, Jun. 2000, p. 1-24.

Developments in Technology for Green River Oil Shale, G.U. Dinneen, United Nations Symposium on the Development and Utilization of Oil Shale Resources, Laramie Petroleum Research Center, Bureau of Mines, 1968, pp. 1-20. The Thermal and Structural Properties of a Hanna Basin Coal, R.E. Glass, Transactions of the ASME, vol. 106, Jun. 1984, pp. 266-271.

The Thermal and Structural Properties of the Coal in the Big Coal Seam, R.E. Glass, In Situ, 8(2), 1984, pp. 193-205. Investigation of the Temperature Variation of the Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Diffusivity of Coal, Badzioch et al, Fuel, vol. 43, No. 4, Jul. 1964, pp. 267-280. On the Mechanism of Kerogen Pyrolysis, Alan K. Burnham & James A. Happe, Jan. 10, 1984 (17 pages). Comparison of Methods for Measuring Kerogen Pyrolysis Rates and Fitting Kinetic Parameters, Burnham et al., Mar. 23, 1987, (29 pages).

Further Comparison of Methods for Measuring Kerogen Pyrolysis Rates and Fitting Kinetic Parameters, Burham et al, Sep. 1987, (16 pages).

Tests of a Mechanism for H2S Release During Coal Pyrolysis, Coburn et al., May 31, 1991, (6 pages). Kinetic Studies of Gas Evolution During Pyrolysis of Subbituminous Coal, J. H. Campbell et al, May 11, 1976, (14 pages).

Excavation of the Partial Seam Crip Underground Coal Gasification Test Site, Robert J. Cena, Aug. 14, 1987 (11 pages).

Evolution of Sulfur Gases During Coal Pyrolysis, Oh et al., Feb. 3, 1988, (11 pages).

Coal Pyrolysis and Methane Decomposition In the Presence of a Hot Char Bed, Peters et al, Aug. 1983, (21 pages). Pyrolysis Kinetics and Maturation of Coals from the San Juan Basin, John G. Reynolds & Alan K. Burnham, Dec. 1992, (30 pages).

Numerical Model of Coal Gasification in a Packed Bed,
A.M. Winslow, Apr. 1976 (27 pages).
LLL In-Situ Coal Gasification Program, Stephens et al.,
Jun., 14, 1976 (12 pages).

Pyrolysis of Subbituminous Coal as it Relates to In-Situ
Coal Gasification, J.H. Campbell, Jan. 17, 1977 (20 pages).
The Historical Development of Underground Coal Gasifi-
cation, D. Olness & D.W. Gregg, Jun. 30, 1977 (60 pages).
Laboratory Measurements of Groundwater Leaching and
Transport of Pollutants Produced During Underground Coal
Gasification, VADalton & J.H. Campbell, Mar. 1, 1978 (21
pages).

The Hoe Creek II Field Experiment of Underground Coal Gasification, Preliminary Results, Aiman et al., Feb. 27, 1978 (26 pages).

Ground-Water and Subsidence Investigations of the LLL In Situ Coal Gasification Experiments, Mead et al, Jul. 17-2, 1978 (31 pages).

Geotechnical Instrumentation Applied to In Situ Coal Gasification Induced Subsidence, Ganow et al. Jun. 21,1978 (16 pages).

The Use of Tracers in Laboratory and Field Tests of Underground Coal Gasification and Oil Shale Retorting, Lyczkowski et al., Jun. 16, 1978 (19 pages). Underground Gasification of Rocky Mountain Coal, D.R. Stephens and R.W. Hill, Jul. 18, 1978 (15 pages). High-BTU Gas Via In Situ Coal Gasification, Stephens et al, Oct., 1978 (41 pages).

A One-Dimensional Model for In Situ Coal Gasification,

Thorsness et al., Aug. 25, 1978 (76 pages).

Control Aspects of Underground Coal Gasification: LLL

Investigations of Ground-Water and Subsidence Effects,

Mead et al, Nov. 10, 1978 (21 pages).

Environmental Controls for Underground Coal Gasification:

Ground-Water Effects and Control Technologies, Warren

Mead & Ellen Raber, Mar. 14, 1980 (19 pages).

Results from the Third LLL Underground Coal Gasification

Experiment at Hoe Creek, Hill et al., May 20, 1980 (12

pages).

Results from the Hoe Creek No. 3 Underground Coal Gasification Experiment, Thorsness et al., May 1980, (11 pages).

Steam Tracer Experiment at the Hoe Creek No. 3 Underground Coal Gasification Field Test, C.B. Thorsness, Nov. 26, 1980 (51 pages).

Computer Models to Support Investigations of Surface Subsidence and Associated Ground Motion Induced by Underground Coal Gasification, R.T Langland & B.C. Trent, Jul. 1981, (16 pages).

Burn Cavity Growth During the Hoe Creek No. 3 Underground Coal Gasification Experiment, R.W. Hill, Jun. 8, 1981 (28 pages).

The Controlled Retracting Injection Point (Crip) System: A

Modified Stream Method for In Site Coal Gasification, R.W.

Hill & M.J. Shannon, Apr. 15, 1981 (11 pages).

Coal Block Gasification Experiments: Laboratory Results

and Field Plans: C.B. Thorsness & R.W. Hill, Jul. 1981 (23

pages).

Laboratory Scale Simulation of Underground Coal Gasification: Experiment and Theory, J.R. Creighton & (27 pages).

Underground Coal Gasification—A Leading Contender in the Synfuels Industry, D.R. Stephens, Oct. 27, 1981 (42 pages).

Page 11

Computer Models to Support Investigations of Surface Subsidence and Associated Ground Motion Induced by Underground Coal Gasification, B.C. Trent & R.T. Langland, Aug. 1981 (40 pages).

The Hoe Creek Experiements: LLNL's Underground Coal Gasification Project in Wyoming, D.R. Stephens, Oct. 1981 (162 pages).

Technical Underground Coal Gasification Summation: 1982
Status, Stephens et al., Jul. 1982 (22 pages).
Review of Underground Coal Gasification Field Experi-
ments at Hoe Creek (34 pages).

Underground Coal Gasification Using Oxygen and Stem,
Stephens et al, Jan. 19, 1984, (37 pages).
Shale Oil Cracking Kinetics and Diagnostics, Bissell et al.,
Nov. 1983, (27 pages).

Mathematical Modeling of Modified In Situ and Aboveground Oil Shale Retorting, Robert L. Braun, Jan. 1981 (45 pages).

Progress Report on Computer Model for In Situ Oil Shale Retorting, R.L. Braun & R.C.Y. Chin, Jul. 14, 1977 (34 pages).

Analysis of Multiple Gas-Solid Reactions During the Gasification of Char in Oil Shale Blocks, Braun et al., Apr. 1981 (14 pages).

Chemical Kinetics and Oil Shale Process Design, Alan K.
Burnham, Jul. 1993, (16 pages).

Reaction Kinetics and Diagnostics For Oil Shale Retorting,
Alan K. Burnham, Oct. 19, 1981 (32 pages).
Reaction Kinetics Between Steam and Oil Shale Char, A.K.
Burnham, Oct. 1978 (8 pages).

General Kinetic Model of Oil Shale Pyrolysis, Alan K.
Burnham & Robert L. Braun, Dec. 1984 (25 pages).
General Model of Oil Shale Pyrolysis, Alan K. Burnham &
Robert L. Braun, Nov. 1983 (22 pages).
Pyrolysis Kinetics for Green River Oil Shale From the
Saline Zone, Burnham et al., Feb., 1982 (33 pages).
Reaction Kinetics between C02 and Oil Shale Char, A.K.
Burnham, Mar. 22, 1978 (9 pages front & back).
Reaction Kinetics Between C02 and Oil Shale Residual
Carbon. I. Effect of Heating Rate on Reactivity, Alan K.
Burnham, Jul. 11, 1978 (11 pages front and back).
High-Pressure Pyrolysis of Colorado Oil Shale, Alan K.
Burnham & Mary F. Singleton, Oct. 1982 (23 pages).
A Possible Mechanism Of Alkene/Alkane Production in Oil
Shale Retorting, A.K. Burnham, R.L. Ward, Nov. 26, 1980
(20 pages).

Enthalpy Relations For Eastern Oil Shale, David W. Camp,
Nov. 1987 (13 pages).

Oil Shale Retorting: Part 3 A Correlation of Oil Shale 1-Alkene/n-Alkane Ratios With Yield, Coburn et al., Aug. 1, 1977 (18 pages).

The Composition of Green River Shale Oil, Glen L. Cook, et al., 1968 (12 pages).

On-line, Mass Spectrometric Determination of Ammonia From Oil Shale Pyrolysis Using Isobutane Chemical Ionization, Crawford et al., Mar. 1988 (16 pages). Thermal Degradation of Green River Kerogen at 150° to 350° C Rate of Production Formation, J.J. Cummins & W.E. Robinson, 1972 (18 pages).

Retorting of Green River Oil Shale Under High-Pressure Hydrogen Atmospheres, LaRue et al., Jun. 1977 (38 pages). Retorting and Combustion Processes In Surface Oil-Shale Retorts, A.E. Lewis & R.L. Braun, May 2, 1980 (12 pages).

Oil Shale Retorting Processes: A Technical Overview, Lewis et al, Mar. 1984 (18 pages).

Study of Gas Evolution During Oil Shale Pyrolysis by

TQMS, Oh et al, Feb. 1988 (10 pages).

The Permittivity and Electrical Conductivity of Oil Shale,

A.J. Piwinskii & A. Duba, Apr. 28, 1975 (12 pages).

Oil Degradation During Oil Shale Retorting, J.H. Raley &

R.L. Braun, May 24, 1976 (14 pages).

Kinetic Analysis of California Oil Shale By Programmed

Temperature Microphyrolysis, John G. Reynolds & Alan K.

Burnham, Dec. 9, 1991 (14 pages).

Analysis of Oil Shale and Petroleum Source Rock Pyrolysis by Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry: Comparisons of Gas Evolution at the Heating Rate of 10°C/Min., Reynolds et al. Oct. 5, 1990 (57 pages).

Catalytic Activity of Oxidized (Combusted) Oil Shale for Removal of Nitrogen Oxides with Ammonia as a Reductant in Combustion Gas Streams, Part II, Reynolds et al., Jan. 4, 1993 (9 pages).

Fluidized-Bed Pyrolysis of Oil Shale. J.H. Richardson &
E.B. Huss, Oct. 1981 (27 pages).

Retorting Kinetics for Oil Shale From Fluidized-Bed
Pyrolysis, Richardson et al., Dec. 1981 (30 pages).
Recent Experimental Developments in Retorting Oil Shale
at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, Albert J. Rothman
Aug. 1978 (32 pages).

The Lawrence Livermore Laboratory Oil Shale Retorts,

Sandholtz et al. Sep. 18, 1978 (30 pages).

Operating Laboratory Oil Shale Retorts In An In-Situ Mode,

W. A. Sandholtz et al, Aug. 18, 1977 (16 pages).

Some Relationships of Thermal Effects to Rubble-Bed

Structure and Gas-Flow Patterns in Oil Shale Retorts, W. A.

Sandholtz, Mar. 1980 (19 pages).

Assay Products from Green River Oil Shale, Singleton et al.,
Feb. 18, 1986 (213 pages).

Biomarkers in Oil Shale: Occurrence and Applications,
Singleton et al, Oct. 1982 (28 pages).
Occurrence of Biomarkers in Green River Shale Oil, Single-
ton et al., Mar. 1983 (29 pages).

An Instrumentation Proposal for Retorts in the Demonstration Phase of Oil Shale Development, Clyde J. Sisemore, Apr. 19, 1977, (34 pages).

A Laboratory Apparatus for Controlled Time/Temperature
Retorting of Oil Shale, Stout et al., Nov. 1, 1976 (19 pages).
S02 Emissions from the Oxidation of Retorted Oil Shale,
Taylor et al., Nov. 1981 (9 pages).

Nitric Oxide (NO) Reduction by Retorted Oil Shale, R.W.
Taylor & C.J. Morris, Oct. 1983 (16 pages).
Coproduction of Oil and Electric Power from Colorado Oil
Shale, P. Henrik Wallman, Sep. 24, 1991 (20 pages).
13C NMR Studies of Shale Oil, Raymond L. Ward & Alan
K. Burnham, Aug. 1982 (22 pages).

Identification by 13C NMR of Carbon Types in Shale Oil and
their Relationship to Pyrolysis Conditions, Raymond L.
Ward & Alan K. Burnham, Sep. 1983 (27 pages).
A Laboratory Study of Green River Oil Shale Retorting
Under Pressure In a Nitrogen Atmosphere, Wise et al., Sep.
1976 (24 pages).

Quantitative Analysis and Evolution of Sulfur-Containing Gases from Oil Shale Pyrolysis by Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry, Wong et al., Nov. 1983 (34 pages).

Page 12

Quantitative Analysis & Kinetics ol Trace Sulfur Gas Species from Oil Shale Pyrolysis by Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (TQMS), Wong et al, Jul. 5-7, 1983 (34 pages).

Application of Self-Adaptive Detector System on a Triple
Quadrupole MS/MS to High Explosives and Sulfur-Con-
taining Pyrolysis Gases from Oil Shale, Carla M. Wong &
Richard W. Crawford, Oct. 1983 (17 pages).
Van Krevelen, D. W.; Coal: Typology-Physics-Chemistry-
Constitution, Elsevier, 1993, p. 371.

Burnham, Alan, K. "Oil Shale Retorting Dependence of timing and composition on temperature and heating rate", Jan. 27, 1995, (23 pages).

Burnham et al. "A Possible Mechanism of Alkene/Alkane
Production in Oil Shale Retorting, (7 pages).
Campbell, et al., "Kinetics of oil generation from Colorado
Oil Shale" IPC Business Press, Fuel, 1978, (3 pages).
Cummins et al. "Thermal Degradation of Green River
Kerogen at 150° to 350° C", Report of Investigations 7620,
U.S. Government Printing Office, 1972, (pp. 1-15).
Cook, et al. "The Composition of Green River Shale Oils",
United Nations Symposium on the Development and Utili-
zation of Oil Shale Resources, Tallinn, 1968, (pp. 1-23).
Hill et al., "The Characteristics of a Low Temperature in situ
Shale Oil" American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical &
Petroleum Engineers, 1967 (pp. 75-90).
Dinneen, et al. "Developments in Technology for Green
River Oil Shale" United Nations Symposium on the Devel-
opment and Utilization of Oil Shale Resources, Tallinn,
1968, (pp. 1-20).

De Rouffignac, E. "In Situ Resistive Heating of Oil Shale for Oil Production-A Summary of the Swedish Data, (4 pages). Dougan, et al. "The Potential for in situ Retorting of Oil Shale in the Piceance Creek Basin of Northwestern Colorado", Quarterly of the Colorado School of Mines (pp. 57-72).

Hill et al. "Direct Production of Low Pour Point High Gravity Shale Oil" I&EC Product Research and Development, 1967, vol. 6, (pp. 52-59).

Yen et al., "Oil Shale" Developments in Petroleum Science, 5, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., 1976 (pp. 187-198). SSAB report, "A Brief Description of the Ljungstrom Method for Shale Oil Production," 1950, (12 pages). Salomonsson G., SSAB report, "The Lungstrom In SituMethod for Shale Oil Recovery, 1950 (28 pages). "Swedish shale oil-Production method in Sweden," Organisation for European Economic Co-operation, 1952, (70 pages).

SSAB report, "Kvarn Torp" 1958, (36 pages).

SSAB report, "Kvarn Torp" 1951, (35 pages).

SSAB report, "Summary study of the shale oil works at

Narkes Kvarntorp" (15 pages).

Vogel et al. "An Analog Computer for Studying Heat Transfrer during a Thermal Recovery Process," AIME Petroleum Transactions, 1955 (pp. 205-212).

SAAB report, "The Swedish Shale Oil Industry," 1948 (8 pages).

Gejrot et al., "The Shale Oil Industry in Sweden," Carlo Colombo Publishers-Rome, Proceedings of the Fourth World Petroleum Congress, 1955 (8 pages).

Hedback, T. J., The Swedish Shale as Raw Material for Production of Power, Oil and Gas, Xlth Sectional Meeting World Power Conference, 1957 (9 pages).

SAAB, "Santa Cruz, California, Field Test of the Lins Method for the Recovery of Oil from Sand", 1955 vol. 1, (141 pages) English.

SAAB, "Santa Cruz, California, Field Test of the Lins Method for the Recovery of Oil from Sand-Figures", 1955 vol. 2, (146 pages) English.

"Santa Cruz, California, Field Test of the Lins Method for the Recovery of Oil from Sand-Memorandum re: tests", 1955 vol. 3, (256 pages) English.

Helander, R.E., "Santa Cruz, California, Field Test of Carbon Steel Burner Casings for the Lins Method of Oil Recovery", 1959 (38 pages) English.

Helander et al., Santa Cruz, California, Field Test of Fluidized Bed Burners for the Lins Method of Oil Recovery 1959, (86 pages) English.

SSAB report, "Bradford Residual Oil, Athabasa Ft. McMurray" 1951, (207 pages), partial translation.

"Lins Burner Tests Results-English" 1959-1960.

SAAB, "Photos", (18 pages).

Rangel-German et al., "Electrical-Heating-Assisted Recovery for Heavy Oil", pp. 1-43.

Kovscek, Anthony R., "Reservoir Engineering analysis of Novel Thermal Oil Recovery Techniques applicable to Alaskan North Slope Heavy Oils", pp. 1-6. Porter, H. P., Petroleum Dictionary for Oil, Field, and Factory, The Gulf Publishing Company, 1948, 4th Ed., p. 312.

* cited by examiner

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