WO2017164765A1 - Determining depth of and distance to communications lines - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to measurement technology and may be used in searching for the location and depth of cable lines, water-supply and heat network pipelines, and gas and oil pipelines located underground. The technical result consists in increasing the precision and decreasing the labor-intensity of measurements. A method and system are characterized in that a sensor unit containing at least one sensor is additionally displaced along at least one more coordinate. The operations of displacing the sensor unit and measuring and recording the intensity of an electromagnetic field are repeated a necessary number of times in accordance with a set measurement precision characterized by the number of communications lines and by the number of electromagnetic field sensors in a unit. The depth of and distance to communications lines is determined on the basis of solving nonlinear equations in accordance with expressions for the intensity of an electromagnetic field. A device contains a reference point switching device and a unit for storing the distance between reference points, which are connected to a processing unit.

Description

 DETERMINATION OF THE DEPTH OF THE DEPOSIT AND DISTANCE TO

 PLACES OF COMMUNICATION

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

 The invention relates to measuring equipment and can be used to find the location and depth of cable lines, pipelines, water supply and heating system, gas and oil pipelines located underground.

 BACKGROUND

 There is a method of determining the location of underground utilities, which consists in generating an alternating test signal, supplying it to the desired communication, measuring the magnetic field emitted by the desired communication due to the generated test signal flowing through it using a single-element linear magnetic field sensor into an electric signal. In this case, the sensor with the help of the operator moves across the track and at first the angle of the transducer is zero. The indicator of the measuring device determines the maximum value of the signal. Fix the place of maximum value, which corresponds to the place of passage of communication. Then the sensor is rotated at an angle of 45 ° to the surface of the earth. Using the operator, a scan is performed in the direction across the path and the location of the first minimum of the signal from the path passage is fixed. Measure the distance from a certain place of the maximum signal to a certain place of the minimum signal, which will correspond to the depth of the communication (Shalyt G.M. Determination of the place of damage in electrical networks. M. - 1982).

 This method is quite simple, but has several limitations: it is impossible to use this method when communication is under an obstacle (wall, structure, building materials, bushes, trees, etc.), as well as the impossibility of its application, if on the surface at a distance equal to the depth of the communication are building or other structures. In addition, this method is not applicable if the magnetic field is distorted due to other communications passing by. The method has a large error in determining the depth of communication.

There is a method of determining the location of underground utilities, which consists in generating an alternating test signal, supplying it to the desired communication, measuring the magnetic field emitted by the desired communication due to the generated test signal, using two sensors of the magnetic field into an electrical signal, spaced in height by a given distance. In this case, the sensors with the help of the operator move across the track. The indicator of the measuring device determines the maximum value of the signal. Fix the place of maximum value, which corresponds to the place of passage of communication. The depth of communication is determined by calculation, according to the values obtained from each of the two transducers and the distance between them. (Grokhman J., James S, Novles D. From A to Z locations and search for damage to underground cables and pipes, M. - 1999, article 167).

 The disadvantage of this method is the increase in the dimensions of the device and the inability to use this method when communication is under an obstacle (wall, structure, building materials, etc.).

 A known method for determining the depth of the grounding device elements, including connecting an AC source to the grounding device, determining the route of laying the grounding device, by finding the maximum signal and fixing on it the route, measuring the electromagnetic field on the earth's surface above the grounding device, moving the sensor to a point in space at a known distance from the route passage in a plane parallel to the ground level and to a known height strictly vertically, measure the intensity of the electromagnetic field, the depth is determined by the given formula (RU 2315337, publ. 20.01.2008).

 This method cannot be used when finding an obstacle over communication. In addition, the inaccuracy of the calculation is due to possible distortions of the electromagnetic field from metal objects, the method is not applicable when passing through several communications.

The closest analogue of the claimed group of the invention is a method for determining the distance to the cable passage and its depth, including: connecting an AC source to the cable; determination of the approximate route of laying the cable, measuring the intensity of the electromagnetic field on the earth's surface at an unknown distance from the cable; moving the sensor strictly vertically to a known height above the earth’s surface and measuring the intensity of the electromagnetic field at a given point; moving the sensor strictly vertically to another known height above the earth’s surface and measuring the electromagnetic field at this point, the distance to the cable passage and its depth are calculated using the given formulas. The device contains a sensor magnetic field strength, module calculation unit, measuring device and generator connected to the cable (RU 2352963 publ. 04/20/2009).

 This method cannot be used when finding obstacles (overhanging structures) over communication. The presence of bushes, trees, building structures, furniture above and near the communications hinder the ability to determine the location and depth of communications by this method. In addition, the inaccuracy of the calculation is due to possible distortions of the electromagnetic field from metal objects, the method is not applicable when passing through several communications, a large error is caused not by the vertical movement of the sensor.

 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

 The objective of the claimed group of inventions is to develop a method and device that provides the ability to determine the distance to the place of passage of communication and the depth of its occurrence in the presence of both obstacles over the communication, and in the presence of overhanging structures, the ability to determine the distance to the place of passage and the depth of several communications.

 The technical result of the group of the invention is to increase accuracy and reduce the complexity of measurements.

 The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the method of determining the depth and distance to the passage of at least one communication is characterized by connecting an AC source to at least one communication, generating an alternating test signal and supplying it, at least in one communication, determine the approximate route of laying at least one communication and the position of the first measurement point, after which:

 a) Install a sensor block containing at least one electromagnetic field sensor at the first measurement point, with which measure the magnitude of the electromagnetic field at the first point on each sensor in the block, and then use the switch to fix the magnitude of the electromagnetic field and height above ground level at the first measurement point on each sensor in the block;

B) Move the sensor block to an arbitrary measurement point at known distances, at least in one coordinate, measure the magnitude of the electromagnetic field at each sensor at this point, and use the switch at this point to fix the magnitude of the electromagnetic field at each a sensor, and a change in coordinates on which the electromagnetic field sensor block is moved from the first measurement point;

 c) Repeat operation b) the required number of times depending on the given measurement accuracy, characterized by the number of communications and electromagnetic field sensors in the unit;

 d) determine the depth and distance of at least one communication based on the solution of non-linear equations in accordance with the expressions for the electromagnetic field strength.

 The depth and distance to at least one communication are determined on the basis of solving a system of nonlinear equations in accordance with the expressions for the electromagnetic field using the processing unit of the device for determining the depth and distance to the underground passage, while the depth of communication is relative to the level soil is defined as the difference between the depth of the communication relative to the first sensor at the first measurement point and the height above the ground sensor in the first measurement point.

 Operations a) - c) are repeated at least three times and determine the depth and distance to the place of passage of at least one underground communication as the average of the obtained values.

When conducting measurements of the electromagnetic field in the presence of at least one communication and using a sensor unit containing at least one single-element electromagnetic field sensor containing one sensing element, the measurement axis of which is placed along the X axis, and if there is more one single-element electromagnetic field sensor, the sensors in the block are spaced at predetermined predetermined distances from each other, when they are parallel and transferred to a new measurement point in the block relative to each other, while the measurement of the electromagnetic field is carried out in a plane perpendicular or non-perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the communications, with a constant or varying angle of the axes of measurement of the sensors of the electromagnetic field and fixing the distances by which the sensors and angles are rotated, by which the sensor axes are rotated from the position at the first measurement point, and in the presence of more than one communication, the measurement of the electromagnetic field is carried out at their arbitrary ohm or parallel arrangement, wherein the intensity of the electromagnetic field is determined as the module of the vector sum of the electromagnetic field strength from each t-communication at the point of the d-sensor and at the η-measurement point from the expressions:

I _'

£ _ K _d I _m (y _om + b _nd ) cos (ao _m + a _n )

(l) ndm 2 (aot + ap 05 (ao _t + a _p ) -s _p 51n (aot + ap) + aco5 (a ₀ t + ap) -2 5t (ot + "p)) ² + (wot + Ln (1) ² 'where E _{(1) n} d - the total intensity of the electromagnetic field measured singleton d-sensor electromagnetic field in the η-measuring point; E ^ ndm, E (i ) ndm _ module and the projection of the vector, respectively, the tension electromagnetic field at the location of singleton d- sensor electromagnetic field in the n-measuring point communication created along the m-axis of the sensor; Kd - coefficient conversion unit d- channel encoder; I _m - the current in the m-communication; ao _r - the desired dist yanie to the point m-passage communication from the first sensor electromagnetic field at the first point of measurement in a plane parallel to the plane XZ, a parallel communications line; _0m y - distance from the first electromagnetic field sensor in a first measuring point to the point of communication passage m- Y axis orthogonal XZ plane; b _n d is the known distance by which the d-sensor of the electromagnetic field is shifted to the η-measurement point from the first measurement point along the Y axis; c „is the known distance by which the first electromagnetic field sensor is displaced orthogonally to the longitudinal axis of the sensor to the ^η point from the first measurement point along the Z axis orthogonal to the X axis; and _p is the known distance by which the first electromagnetic field sensor is offset at the η-measurement point from the first measurement point along the X axis, which coincides with the line of the longitudinal axis of the sensor; Zd, Xd is the known distance at which the d-sensor of the electromagnetic field is located from the first sensor in the sensor block along the Z axis and X axis, respectively; a _0m is the angle of the longitudinal axis of the electromagnetic field sensor to the normal to the longitudinal axis of m-communication at the first measurement point in a plane parallel to the XZ plane; a _n is the angle of rotation of the measuring axis of the electromagnetic field sensor relative to the longitudinal axis of the sensor in a plane parallel to the XZ plane at the ^η measurement point relative to the position at the first measurement point, and based on the expressions for the electromagnetic field at the d-sensor point and at the ^η measurement point determine the distance to the m-passage communication in a plane parallel to the XZ plane and the depth on the basis of solutions of nonlinear equations with unknown - ao _m, y _0m, Im, ao _t, wherein the amount of the measurement equal to or greater than the number of unknowns, and the amount of data received from the sensors is greater than or equal to the number of unknowns. When conducting measurements of electromagnetic field strength in the presence of at least one communication and using a sensor unit containing at least one two-element electromagnetic field sensor containing two sensing elements whose measurement axes are orthogonally located relative to each other in the XY plane and X axis passing parallel to the soil surface, and in the presence of more than one two-element electromagnetic field sensor, the sensors in the block are spaced apart into predetermined predetermined parameters states from each other, when they are transferred to a new measuring point and fixing the distances by which the sensors are offset from the position at the first measuring point, while the electromagnetic field is measured in the plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of communication, while fixing the distances by which the sensors are offset from position at the first measurement point, while the electromagnetic field strength is determined as the sum of the electromagnetic field strength from each t-communication, located in parallel, at d-sensor and at the η-point measurements from the expressions:

0 * 2. C ²

(2) lnd ^{† c} '(2) 2nd (2) nd (^ E _{(2) Xndm} ) ² + (^ E (2) Yndm) K _xd I _m (y _0m + b _nd )

E ( ₂ ) xndm - ₂ Tt ((a _0m + f _nd ) ² + (y _0m + b _nd ) 2)

p K _Yd I _m (a _0m + fnd)

(2) Yndm - _{27t ((aom + fnd) 2 + (yom +) 2)} where E ( ₂ ) _n d is the total electromagnetic field strength measured by the two-element d-sensor of the electromagnetic field at the η-measurement point; E ( ₂ ) _ln d, Ε ( ₂ ) _{2η <} ι

- electromagnetic field strengths measured by the first and second sensitive elements of the two-element d-sensor of the electromagnetic field, respectively, at the η-measurement point; E ( ₂ ) xnd _m , E ₍₂₎ Y _n dm is the electromagnetic field strength at the location of the two-element d-sensor of the electromagnetic field at the p-point of the measurement, created by m-communication along the X axis and Y axis, respectively; K _xd , K _Yd

- the conversion coefficient of the device channels X and Y of the d-sensor, respectively; I _m - current in t-communication; ao _t is the required distance to the place of passage of w-communication from the first electromagnetic field sensor at the first measurement point in a plane parallel to the XZ plane parallel to the communication line; уо _t is the distance from the first electromagnetic field sensor at the first measurement point to the place of passage of m-communication along the Y axis, orthogonal to the XZ plane; b „d is the known distance by which the d-sensor of the electromagnetic field is shifted to the p-point of the measurement from the first measurement point along the Y axis; f „d is the known distance the d-sensor of the electromagnetic field at the η-measurement point is displaced from the first sensor at the first point in the plane parallel to the XY plane, while on the basis of the expressions for the electromagnetic field at the point of the d-sensor and at the η-measurement point, the distance to the passage m- communications in a plane parallel to the XZ plane and the depth on the basis of solving a system of nonlinear equations with unknowns - ao _t wo _t, 1t, in which the number of dimensions is equal to or greater than the number of unknowns and the number of data received from yes tors, greater than or equal to the number of unknowns.

 When conducting measurements of electromagnetic field strength in the presence of at least one communication and using a sensor unit containing at least one two-element electromagnetic field sensor containing two sensing elements whose measurement axes are orthogonally located relative to each other in the XZ plane and arbitrarily located in the XZ plane, and in the presence of more than one two-element electromagnetic field sensor, the sensors in the block are spaced apart by predetermined predetermined distances d ug from each other, when transferring them to a new measuring point and fixing the distances by which the sensors are offset from the position at the first measurement point, while measuring the electromagnetic field strength in a plane parallel to the longitudinal axis of communication, when fixing the distances by which the sensors are offset from the position at the first measurement point, while the electromagnetic field strength is determined at the point of the d-sensor and at the η-point of measurements from the expressions:

^E (2) nd = J (E ( ₂ ind ^{+ E} (2) 2nd); ^E (2) nd = E _{(2) XZndm} ; E ₍₂ ) x _Z ndm

 m

K _xzd I _m (y _0m + b _nd )

^' 2tt ((and _0t + f _nd ) ² + (Wat + bnd) ² )'

where E ₍₂ ) nd is the total electromagnetic field strength measured by a two-element d-sensor of the electromagnetic field at the ^η- measurement point; E (2) _ln d, E ( ₂ ) _2n d are the electromagnetic field strengths measured by the first and second sensitive elements of the two-element d-sensor of the electromagnetic field at the η-measurement point, respectively; E ₍₂₎ xz _n dm is the electromagnetic field strength at the location of the two-element d-sensor of the electromagnetic field at the η-measurement point, created by w-communication in a plane parallel to the XZ plane; K _XZ d - conversion coefficient of the device channel XZ d-sensor; I _m - current in m-communication; ao _t - the required distance to the place of passage of m-communication from the first electromagnetic field sensor at the first measurement point in a plane parallel to the plane XZ, parallel line of communication; y _0m is the distance from the first electromagnetic field sensor at the first measurement point to the place of passage of t-communication along the Y axis orthogonal to the XZ plane; b _n d is the known distance by which the d-sensor of the electromagnetic field is shifted to the η-measurement point from the first measurement point along the Y axis; f „d is the known distance by which the d-sensor of the electromagnetic field is displaced at the η-measurement point from the first sensor at the first point in the plane parallel to the XY plane, while on the basis of the expressions for the electromagnetic field at the point of the d-sensor and in η- the measurement point determines the distance to the passage of m-communications in the plane parallel to the XZ plane and the depth based on solving a system of nonlinear equations with unknowns - ao _m , Wat, 1t, in which the number of measurements is equal to or greater than the number of unknowns, and the amount of data received from the sensors is greater than or equal to the number of unknowns.

When measuring electromagnetic field strength in the presence of at least one communication and using a sensor unit containing at least one three-element electromagnetic field sensor containing three sensing elements whose measurement axes are orthogonally located relative to each other and arbitrarily located, moreover, in the presence of more than one three-element electromagnetic field sensor, the sensors in the block are spaced apart at predetermined predetermined distances from each other, with p Normal distance for which the sensors are offset from the first position to the measurement point, the intensity of the electromagnetic field on the m-communications, arranged in parallel, is defined as the vector sum of the intensity from each communication point sensor d- and η-point measurement of the expressions: E _{( 3) nd} = J (E ( ₃ ) ind + ^E (3) 2nd + ^E (3) 3nd): ^E (3) nd = J ((m ^E (3) XZndm) ² + (Σπι ^E (3) Yndm ) ² );

P _ K _XZ dl _m (y _0m + b _n d) p _ K _Yd I _m (a _0m + f _nd )

t (3) XZndm - _2n ((a _0m + f _nd ) 2 ₊ (y _{0m +} b _nd ) V ⁿ (3) Yndm ₂ (a _0m + f _nd ) 2 ₊ (y _0m + b _nd ) 2) '

where E (3) „d is the total electromagnetic field strength measured by a three-element d-sensor of the electromagnetic field at the ^η- measurement point; E (3) _1п а, E ( ₃ ) _2n d, E (3) 3nd - electromagnetic field strengths measured by the first, second and third sensitive elements of a three-element d-sensor at the η-measurement point, respectively; E ₍₃₎ xz _n dm, E ( ₃ ) Yndm is the electromagnetic field strength at the location of the three-element electromagnetic field d-sensor at the ^η- measurement point, created by m-communication in the PLANE parallel to the XZ plane and along the Y axis, respectively; K _xzd , K _Yd is the conversion coefficient of the device channels XZ and Y of the d-sensor, respectively; I _m - current in m-communication; ao _t is the required distance to the place of passage of m-communication from the first electromagnetic field sensor at the first measurement point in a plane parallel to the XZ plane, parallel to the communication line; y _0t is the distance from the first electromagnetic field sensor at the first measurement point to the place of passage of m-communication along the Y axis, orthogonal to the XZ plane; B _p a is the known distance by which the d-sensor of the electromagnetic field is shifted to the ^η -measurement point from the first measurement point along the Y axis; f _nd is the known distance by which the d-sensor of the electromagnetic field at the η-measuring point is offset from the first sensor at the first point in the plane parallel to the XY plane, while on the basis of the expressions for the electromagnetic field at the point of the d-sensor and at the p-point measurements determine the distance to the place of passage of m-communications in the plane parallel to the XZ plane and the depth based on solving a system of nonlinear equations with unknowns - ao _m , уо _т , 1т, in which the number of measurements is equal to or greater than the number of unknowns, and the amount of data received from the sensors is greater than or equal to the number of unknowns.

 The depth and distance to at least one communication are determined based on the solution of non-linear equations using least squares and regression methods in accordance with the expressions for the electromagnetic field using the processing unit of the device to determine the depth and distance to the underground passage, while the communication depth relative to the ground level is defined as the difference in the communication depth relative to the first sensor in the first t chke measuring and height above the ground, first sensor at a first point of measurement.

 Based on the change in the magnitude and sign of the measured values of the electromagnetic field, the direction of the location of the communication is determined.

A device for determining the location and depth of underground utilities for performing the above method comprises an AC source connected to at least one communication, a sensor unit comprising at least one electromagnetic field sensor, and a housing in which at least one preamplifier for each electromagnetic field sensor, at least one analog-to-digital converter (ADC) connected to the corresponding preamplifier, indicator, processing unit , a power supply unit, a switch of reference points, a memory unit of the distance between the reference points and a memory unit of the magnitude of the electromagnetic field in the reference points, while the sensor unit is connected to the preamplifier, the power supply unit is configured to supply power to the sensor unit, preamplifier, processing unit and indicator, and the processing unit is connected to the preamplifier through an ADC, indicator, reference point switch, memory unit for the distance between reference points and the electromagnetic field memory unit at reference points.

 As electromagnetic field sensors, one-element, two-element or three-element electromagnetic field sensors are used that measure the intensity of the electromagnetic field along one axis, in a plane or at a point in space, respectively, and containing sensitive elements.

 The sensor unit is located outside or in the housing.

 If there are more than one electromagnetic field sensor in the sensor block, the sensors in the block are spaced at predetermined predetermined distances from each other.

 A switch on the instrument panel is used as a switch, while fixed values of distances corresponding to the sequence of pressing the switch are entered into the device memory.

 The switch is configured to start the measurement at the first point, fix the subsequent measurement points, stop the measurement and synchronize the measurement in time using a timer, and the intermediate distances between the measurement points are calculated according to a previously stored algorithm.

 The device further comprises a distance meter connected to the processing unit.

 As a distance meter, a measuring bar is used, connected with the device’s body and containing marks of fixed distances recorded in the device’s memory.

 A measuring wheel is used as a distance meter.

 An accelerometer is used as a distance meter, when fixing intermediate points according to a previously stored algorithm.

 As a distance meter, a combination of instruments is used, made with the possibility of additional measurement of the rotation angles of the axis of measurement of the electromagnetic field sensors and including an accelerometer, altimeter, magnetometer, electronic gyroscope connected to the processing unit, when fixing the intermediate points according to a previously stored algorithm.

A GPS system is used as a distance meter, when fixing intermediate points according to a previously stored algorithm. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

 The invention will be better understood from the description, which is not restrictive and given with reference to the accompanying drawings, which depict:

 FIG. 1 - The location of two single-element electromagnetic field sensors that measure the electromagnetic field along the X axis, in the presence of two arbitrarily located communications (top view).

 FIG. 2 - Location of two two-element electromagnetic field sensors that measure the intensity of the electromagnetic field in a plane parallel to the XZ plane, in the presence of two parallel communications (top view).

 FIG. 3 - Location of a single-element electromagnetic field sensor that measures the intensity of the electromagnetic field along the X axis, in the presence of one communication (section in the plane perpendicular to the soil surface).

 FIG. 4 - The location of two single-element electromagnetic field sensors that measure the electromagnetic field along the X axis, in the presence of two parallel communications (section in the plane of the perpendicular soil surface).

 FIG. 5 - The location of two single-element electromagnetic field sensors that measure the intensity of the electromagnetic field along the X axis, in the presence of one communication (section in the plane perpendicular to the ground surface).

 FIG. 6 - Location of three single-element electromagnetic field sensors that measure the intensity of the electromagnetic field along the X axis, in the presence of two communications (section in the plane of the perpendicular surface of the soil).

 FIG. 7 - The location of two two-element electromagnetic field sensors that measure the intensity of the electromagnetic field in a plane parallel to the XY plane, in the presence of one communications (section in the plane of the perpendicular ground surface).

 FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a device for determining the location and depth of underground utilities with a sensor unit containing one electromagnetic field sensor.

 FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a device for determining the location and depth of underground utilities with a sensor unit containing two electromagnetic field sensors.

1 - AC source; 2 - electromagnetic field sensor; 3 - ground level; 4 - the first communication; 5 - second communication; 6 - the longitudinal axis of communication; 7 - axis for measuring electromagnetic field strength; 8 - preamplifier; 9 - processing unit; 10 - indicator; 11 - power supply; 12 - switch reference points; 13 is a block of memory distance between the reference points; 14 - memory unit of the magnitude of the electromagnetic field at the reference points distance meter; 15 - device body; 16 - sensor block; 17 - distance meter, 18 - ADC.

 The following is a transcript of the letter designations presented in the description in expressions for the electromagnetic field strength and in the figures:

E ^ nd, E ( ₂ ) _n d, E (3) nd - total electromagnetic field strengths measured by one-, two- and three-element d-sensors of the electromagnetic field at the measuring point, respectively; E (2) i _n d, Е ( ₂ ) _{2п (1} - electromagnetic field strength measured by the first and second sensitive elements of the two-element d-sensor of the electromagnetic field at the n-point of measurement, respectively; E ( ₃ ) _ln d, E ( ₃ ) _2n d, E ( ₃ ) _3n d - electromagnetic field strengths measured by the first, second and third sensitive elements of a three-element d-sensor at the n-point of measurement, respectively; E ( ₁ ) _n d _m , Е _{(!) Ps1t} - module and projection of the vector, respectively, of the electromagnetic field strength, at the location of the single-element d-sensor of the electromagnet deleterious field in the n-point measurement produced by T-communication along the sensor axis; E ₍₂₎ Xndm, E ₍₂₎ Y _n d _m - electromagnetic field strength at the location of the electromagnetic field of two-element d-sensor in the n-point created m measurement -communication of the X-axis and Y-axis, respectively; E ( ₂ ) xz _n dm, E ( ₃ ) xzndm - electromagnetic field strength, at the location of the two-element and three-element d-sensors of the electromagnetic field at the n-point of measurement, created by t-communication in planes parallel to the XZ plane, respectively; E ( ₃ ) Y _n d _m is the electromagnetic field strength at the location of the three-element d-sensor of the electromagnetic field at the p-point of the measurement created by t-communication along the Y axis; E ^ n, E (!) ₂₁ , E (!) ₃₁ , E ( ₁ ) ₄ j - total electromagnetic field strengths measured by the first single-element electromagnetic field sensor at the first, second, third and fourth measurement points, respectively; E (!) ₁₂ , E (!) ₂₂ , E ^, E ( ₁ ) ₄₂ - total electromagnetic field strengths measured by the second single-element electromagnetic field sensor at the first, second, third and fourth measurement points, respectively; K _d - conversion coefficient of the instrument channel d-sensor (under the channel of the device refers to the sensor element of the sensor); Kx _{d *} K _Yd , K _xzd is the conversion coefficient of the device of the X, Y, and XZ channels of the d-sensor, respectively (by the channel of the device is meant the sensor element of the sensor); li is the current in the first communication; 1c - current in the second communication; ao _t - the desired distance to the place of passage of m-communication from the first sensor electromagnetic field at the first measurement point in a plane parallel to the XZ plane, parallel to the communication line; ao _t , aoi - the desired distance to the passage of the first and second communications from the first electromagnetic field sensor at the first measurement point in a plane parallel to the XZ plane, parallel to the communication line, respectively; уо _t is the distance from the first electromagnetic field sensor at the first measurement point to the place of passage of m-communication along the Y axis, orthogonal to the XZ plane; уо у ₀ ц is the distance from the first electromagnetic field sensor at the first measurement point to the passage of the first and second communications along the Y axis orthogonal to the XZ plane, respectively; and _p is the known distance by which the first electromagnetic field sensor is offset at the η-measurement point from the first measurement point along the X axis, which coincides with the line of the longitudinal axis of the sensor; a ₂ , a ₃ , a4 is the known distance by which the first electromagnetic field sensor is offset at the second, third and fourth measurement points from the first measurement point along the X axis, which coincides with the line of the longitudinal axis of the sensor; f _{n (1} is the known distance by which the two-element or three-element d-sensor of the electromagnetic field is displaced at the p-point of the measurement from the first sensor at the first measurement point in the plane parallel to the XY plane; f ₂ j, f ₃₁ is the known distance by which a two-element or three-element first electromagnetic field sensor at the second and third measurement points from the first sensor at the first measurement point in a plane parallel to the XY plane; f ₁₂ , f ₂₂ , f ₃₂ is the known distance that the two-element or three-element device is offset The second electromagnetic field sensor at the first, second and third measurement points from the first sensor at the first measurement point in the plane parallel to the XY plane; b _nt i is the known distance by which the electromagnetic field d-sensor is shifted to the η-measurement point from the first measurement point by Y axis; b ₂ i, b ₃₁ , b ₄₁ is the known distance by which the first electromagnetic field sensor is offset at the second, third and fourth measurement points from the initial position of the first measurement point by the first sensor along the Y axis, respectively; b ₁₂ , b ₂₂ , b ₃₂ , b ₄₂ is the known distance by which the second electromagnetic field sensor is offset at the first, second, third and fourth measurement points from the initial position of the first measurement point by the first sensor along the Y axis, respectively; c _n is the known distance by which the first electromagnetic field sensor is displaced orthogonally to the longitudinal axis of the sensor to the η-point from the first measurement point along the Z axis orthogonal to the X axis; c ₂ , c ₃ , c ₄ are the known distances by which the first electromagnetic field sensor is offset orthogonally to the longitudinal axis of the sensor to the second, third and fourth measurement points from the first measurement point along the Z axis orthogonal to the X axis, respectively; α ₀₁ , and ₀₁₁ - the angle of the longitudinal axis the electromagnetic field sensor to the normal to the longitudinal axis of the first and second, communication in a plane parallel to the XZ plane, respectively; α _η is the angle of rotation of the measurement axis of the electromagnetic field sensor relative to the longitudinal axis of the sensor in a plane parallel to the plane ΧΖ at the η-measurement point relative to the position at the first measurement point; a ₂ , a ₃ , a ₄ is the angle of rotation of the measuring axis of the electromagnetic field sensor relative to the longitudinal axis of the sensor in a plane parallel to the plane ΧΖ at the second, third and fourth measurement points, respectively; z <i, Xd is the known distance at which the d-sensor of the electromagnetic field is located from the first sensor in the sensor block along the Z and X axes, respectively; ζ ₂ , x ₂ is the known distance at which the second electromagnetic field sensor is located from the first sensor in the sensor unit along the Z axis and X axis, respectively; x ₃ is the known distance at which the third electromagnetic field sensor is located from the first sensor in the sensor block along the X axis.

 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

 A device for determining the location and depth of underground utilities contains an AC source (1) connected to at least one communication (4, 5), a sensor unit (16) containing at least one sensor (2) electromagnetic field, and a housing (15) in which at least one preamplifier (8) is located for each electromagnetic field sensor, at least one ADC (18) connected to the corresponding preamplifier (18), indicator (10) , processing unit (9), power supply unit (11), switch (12) of reference points, b the memory lock (13) the distance between the reference points and the memory unit (14) the magnitude of the electromagnetic field at the reference points, while the sensor unit (16) is connected to the preamplifier (8), the power supply unit (11) is configured to supply power to the sensor unit (16 ), a preamplifier (8), a processing unit (9) and an indicator (10), and a processing unit (9) is connected to a preamplifier (8), an indicator (10), a switch (12) of reference points, a memory unit (13) of the distance between the reference points and the memory unit (14) the magnitude of the electromagnetic field at the reference points.

 As sensors (2) of the electromagnetic field, single-element, two-element or three-element electromagnetic field sensors (2) are used, which measure the intensity of the electromagnetic field along one axis, in a plane or at a point in space, respectively, and containing sensitive elements.

The sensor unit (16) is located outside or in the housing (15). If there are more than one electromagnetic field sensor (2) in the sensor block (16), the sensors (2) in the block (16) are separated by predetermined predetermined distances from each other.

 A switch on the instrument panel is used as a switch (12), while fixed distances are entered into the device memory that correspond to the sequence of pressing the switch.

 The switch is configured to start the measurement at the first point, fix the subsequent measurement points, stop the measurement and synchronize the measurement in time using a timer, and the intermediate distances between the measurement points are calculated according to a previously stored algorithm.

 The device further comprises a distance meter (17) connected to the processing unit (9).

 As a distance meter (17), a measured bar is used, connected with the device case (15) and containing marks of fixed distances recorded in the device memory.

 A measuring wheel is used as a distance meter (17).

 An accelerometer was used as a distance meter (17) when fixing intermediate points according to a previously stored algorithm.

 As a distance meter (17), a combination of devices is used, made with the possibility of additional measurement of the rotation angles of the measurement axis of the sensors (2) of the electromagnetic field and including an accelerometer, altimeter, magnetometer, electronic gyroscope connected to the processing unit (9), when fixing the intermediate points according to a previously stored algorithm.

 A GPS system was used as a distance meter (17), when fixing intermediate points according to a previously stored algorithm.

 The method for determining the depth and distance to the place of passage of communications (4, 5) is based on measuring the electromagnetic field strength at several arbitrary measurement points using sensors (2) of the electromagnetic field and determining the depth and distance to at least one communication based on solving non-linear equations in accordance with the expressions for the electromagnetic field is carried out using the device. The electromagnetic field strength is determined in accordance with the expression:

 Ki

 E = -, where E is the electromagnetic field strength; K - coefficient

 2TTR

instrument channel transformations (instrument channel means sensitive sensor element), I - current in communication, R - distance to communication. The coefficient "K" is selected when setting up the device. The parameter "R" is determined in accordance with the expressions in the denominator disclosed in the following examples, depending on the used sensors (2) of the electromagnetic field in the block (16)

 The operation of the device at each measurement point in accordance with FIG. 8 is as follows. The signal from the AC source (1) is fed into the communication (4,5) using the contact or non-contact method. The electromagnetic radiation induced in the communication is measured by the sensitive element of the electromagnetic field sensor (2), which can be one-, two-, or three-element sensors; in block (16) there can be several sensors spaced at known distances. The signal of the electromagnetic field strength from the sensor element of the sensor (2) is fed to the preamplifier (8) where it is amplified, and then to the ADC (18) and fed to the processing unit (9). Moreover, if there are two or three sensitive elements in the sensor or in the sensor block (16), more than one electromagnetic field sensor (2), the device contains more than one preamplifier (8) and an ADC for each sensitive element of the electromagnetic field sensor (2), for example, if there are two single-element sensors (2) of the electromagnetic field in the device, the first sensor (2) of the electromagnetic field is connected to one preamplifier (8) and the ADC, and the second sensor (2) of the electromagnetic field is connected to another preamplifier (8) and the ADC. The distance meter (17) fixes the coordinate value and the angle of rotation of the measuring axis of the sensor (2) and transfers the data to the processing unit (9). By the signal of the switch (12), the measured value of the electromagnetic field and the calculated or set value of the distance are entered into the memory unit (14) of the electromagnetic field at the reference points and the memory unit (13) of the distance between the reference points. After completing the measurements in the processing unit (9), the required distances are calculated based on the solution of the corresponding systems of nonlinear equations. The calculation results are displayed on the indicator (10).

 Example 1

In accordance with FIG. 1 and 3 determine the depth (y \) and the distance (w) to the place of passage of the first (one) communication (4) when using the sensor block (16) containing one single-element sensor (2) of the electromagnetic field in accordance with the expression for the electromagnetic fields: E ^ nd =

j- K _d l _m (y _om + b _nd ) cos (a _om + g _n )

(l) ndm 2 ((aom + ^a nCOS (oom + an) - ^c nSin (oom + an) + ^x d ^cos ( ^a om + an) - ^z d ^sin ( ^a om + an)) ² + (yom + bnd )) ² In this case, measurements of the electromagnetic field strength are carried out in the plane (α ₀ ι = 0) perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of communication (4), when the axis of measurement of a single-element sensor (2) is placed along the X axis and a constant angle (α _η = 0) of the sensor axis (2 ) when moving the block (16) of sensors from the first measurement point. In this case, in the expression for the electromagnetic field strength c _n , Zd, x _< i, a _0m , a _{n are} always zero, and b „d, and _n , at the first measurement point are equal to zero, and we get three unknowns - 1 \ , у _о ао therefore, it is necessary to carry out three measurements of the electromagnetic field strength.

 To measure the intensity of the electromagnetic field, the AC source (1) is connected to the communication (4), an alternating test signal is generated and fed into the communication (4), the approximate route of laying before communication (4) and the position of the first measurement point are determined.

 An approximate route of laying before communication (4) is determined on the basis of available topographic schemes or when using the simplest trace methods, for example, the maximum method using a single-element sensor (Shalyt G.M. Determining the location of damage in electric networks. M. - 1982). The position of the first measurement point is determined by conducting initial measurements and obtaining a reliable electromagnetic signal at the sensors.

Then, the sensor block (16) is installed, containing one single-element sensor (2) at the first measurement point at a height bo from the ground level (3). After that, using a single-element sensor (2), measure the magnitude of the electromagnetic field at the first point and using the switch (12) record the magnitude of the electromagnetic field strength (E ^) and the height (L ₀ ) above ground level at the first measurement point on the single-element sensor (2) in block (16).

After that, the sensor block (16) is moved to a second arbitrary measurement point at known distances (b ₂₁ ) and (a ₂ ), the magnitude of the electromagnetic field is measured at a given point, and the magnitude of the electromagnetic field is fixed at this point using a switch (12) ( E (i) ₂₁ ) and the change of coordinates (b ₂₁ and a ₂ ), to which the block of sensors (16) is moved from the first measurement point.

Then, the sensor block (16) is moved to a third arbitrary measurement point at known distances (b ₃₁ ) and (a ₃ ), the magnitude of the electromagnetic field strength is measured at a given point, and the magnitude of the electromagnetic field strength (E) is fixed at this point with a switch (12) (j) ₃₁ ) and a change in coordinates (b ₃₁ and a ₃ ), onto which the sensor block (16) is moved from the first measurement point. Based on the solution of a system of nonlinear equations with three unknowns - Ii, y ₀ i, act, determine the depth and distance to communication (4) in accordance with the expressions for the electromagnetic field strength: ^b (1) and -—-,

2π (3 _0ϊ + yoi)

^ ²¹ 2n ((ao, + a ₂ ) 2 ₊ (y _{OI +} b ₂₁ ) 2) '

_E _ ^^ (yoi + bai)

( ^{1) 31} 2ir ((aoi + a ₃ ) ² + (yoi + b ₃₁ ) ² ) '

The desired distance (y _! ) From the ground surface to the place of passage of the first communication (4) along the Y axis, orthogonal to the XZ plane, is determined from the expression: Example 2

 In accordance with FIG. 1 and 3 determine the depth (yi) and the distance (ai) to the place of passage of the first communication (4) when using the sensor block (16) containing one single-element sensor (2) of the electromagnetic field, while the approximate route of laying using a single-element is pre-determined an electromagnetic field sensor configured to change the angle of its measurement axis, in accordance with the expression for the electromagnetic field strength:

E (l) nd ⁼ IX _m E ^"* (i) ndm |;

β _ K _d I _m (y _om + b _nd ) cos (a _om + g _n )

(l) ndm 2π ((a _from + a _p cos (aot + ap) -Sp51n (a _from + o _p ) + x ₍₁ cos (aot + ap) -2a5m (ao _t + o _p )) ² + ( wot + bn ₍ 1)) ^{2 '}

In this case, measurements of the electromagnetic field strength are carried out in the plane (a ₀ i ^ 0) not perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of communication (4), when the measurement axis of the single-element sensor (2) is placed along the X axis and the angle (a _n ^ 0) of the sensor measurement axis ( 2) when moving the block (16) of sensors from the first measurement point. In this case, in the expression for the electromagnetic field strength Zd, xa are always zero, and c _n , b „d, and„, a _n at the first measurement point are zero, as a result we get four unknowns - Ij, уош, α ₀ ι therefore, four measurements of the electromagnetic field strength are necessary.

Measurements of the electromagnetic field strength are carried out in accordance with example 1, except that it is necessary to measure the electromagnetic intensity at four points of measurement and fixation at each point using the switch (12) of the corresponding parameters, while at the measurement points, in addition to the first, the axis angle changes sensor measurements (2). The system of nonlinear equations for determining the depth and distance to communication is as follows: „_ I iiyoicosao _!

b (i) ii - - - - 2 g,

2nd (a ₀₁ ² + yo1)

£ _ K ili (yoi + b ₂₁ ) cos (a _OI + a ₂ )

⁽¹ ) ²¹ 2 ((a ₀₁ + a ₂ cos (aoi + a ₂ ) -C2sin (aoi + a2)) ^z + (yoi + b2i) ^z ) '

£ K _! l _! Cyo _! + baQcosCaoi + aa)

W ³¹ 2l ((a ₀₁ + a ₃ cos (a _OI + a ₃ ) -C ₃ sin (aoi + a ₃ )) ² + (y _OI + b ₃₁ ) ² ) '

_E K ₁ Ii (yoi + b ^ ₁ ) cos (ao ₁ + a ₄ )

W ⁴¹ 2tf ((a ₀ 1 + a ₄ cos (a _OI + a4) -C4Sin (aoi + a4)) ² + (yoi + b ₄₁ ) ^z ) '

 The desired distance (yj) from the soil surface to the place of passage of the first communications (4) along the Y axis, orthogonal to the XZ plane, is determined from the expression:

 Woo

 Example 3

In accordance with FIG. 1 and 4 determine the occurrence depth (at) and the distance (ao aop) to the place of passage of two randomly located communications (4, 5), when using a block (16) of sensors that contains two single-element sensors (2) of the electromagnetic field, while the approximate route of the strip is determined using two single-element electromagnetic field sensors configured to change the angle of its measurement axis, in accordance with the expression for the electromagnetic field strength: E ^ d = | £ _m E ^ _! jn _d m | ;

£ _ ^K d'm (yom ^{+ b} nd) ^cos ( ^a om ⁺ ttn)

(l) ndm _2K (( _{aom +} a _n cos (o _om + a _n ) -c _n sin (a _om + a _n ) + x _d cos (aom + an) -ZdSin (aom + an)) ² + ( yom + bnd)) ^{2 '}

In this case, measurements of the electromagnetic field strength are carried out in the plane (a _0m 0) not perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of communication, when the measurement axis of the single-element sensor (2) is placed along the X axis and the angle (hell) of the sensor measurement axis (2) changes when the block is moved (16) sensors from the first measurement point. In this case, in the expression for the electromagnetic intensity with _n , bn _< b a _n , a _n at the first point are equal to zero, as a result we get eight unknowns 1 1c, yoo yo, ao ao, ao a ₀₁₁ , therefore, eight measurements are necessary electromagnetic field strength.

Measurements of the electromagnetic field strength are carried out in accordance with example 1, except that it is necessary to carry out eight measurements of the electromagnetic field strength, two measurements in each of the four movements of the sensor unit (16) and fixation at each point using the switch (12) of the corresponding parameters while at the measuring points, in addition to the first, the angle of rotation of the measuring axis of the sensor (2) is measured. The system of nonlinear equations for determining the depth and distance to communication is as follows:

£ _ K ₂ I | (yol + b ₁₂ ) cOSOtQ | 2lii (yoii + b ₁₂ ) cosa ₀ n

t ¹ ) ¹² 2 ^ (a ₀ i + X2 Cosa-z ₂ sinaoi) ² + (yoi + b ₁₂ ) ² ) 2n ((aoii + x ₂ cosaoii-z ₂ sinaoii) ² + (yoii + b ₁₂ ) ² ) ''

Kili (y ₀ l + b2i) cos (a ₀ i + a ₂ )

2 ((a ₀ i + a ₂ cos (a _OI + a ₂ ) -c ₂ sin (a ₀₁ + ₂ )) ² + (yoi + b ₂₁ ) ² )

KiIii (yoii + b ₂ i) cos (a _0II + a ₂ )

2Ti ((a ₀ ii + a ₂ cos (a _0II + a ₂ ) -c ₂ sin (a _0II + a ₂ )) ² + (y _0II + b ₂₁ ) ² ) '

g K ₂ Ii (y ₀ i + b ₂₂ ) cos ( ₀ i + a ₂ )

i ¹ ) ²² 2m ((a ₀ i + a ₂ cos (a ₀₁ + a ₂ ) -c ₂ sin (aoi + a ₂ ) + x ₂ cos (aoi + a ₂ ) -z ₂ sin (a ₀₁ + a _z )) ² + (y ₀ i + b ₂₂ ) ² )

K ₂ Iii (yoii + b ₂₂ ) cos (a _OI i + a ₂ )

2 ((aoii + a ₂ cos (aoii + a ₂ ) -c ₂ sin (aoii + a ₂ ) + x ₂ cos (aoii + a ₂ ) -Z2Sin (aoii + a ₂ )) ² + (y _OII + b ₂₂ ) ² ) ' ^c (l) 31 - Kili (yoi + b ₃₁ ) cos (a _OI + a3)

2n ((aoi + a ₃ cos (a _OI + a3) -C3Sin (aoi + a3)) ² + ( _OI + b ₃ i) ² )

Kilii (yoii + b3i) cos (a ₀ ii + ₃ )

2 ((aoii + a3Cos (a _OII + a3) -C3Sin (a _OII + a3)) ² + (oii + b ₃₁ ) ² ) '

K ₂ Ii (y ₀ i + b ₃₂ ) cos (a _ol + a ₃ )

 E

W ³² 2 (aoi + a ₃ Cos (a ₀₁ + a3) -C3sin (aoi + a ₃ ) + x ₂ cos (aoi + a ₃ ) -z ₂ sin (a _OI + a ₃ ) ² + (oi + b ₃₂ ) ² )

K ₂ Iii (yoii + b ₃₂ ) cos (oii + a ₃ )

2n ((aoii + a3Cos (aoii + a3) -C3sin (aoii + a3) + x ₂ cos (aoii + a3) -z ₂ sin (a ₀ H + a ₃ )) + (y ₀ ii + b ₃₂ ) ² ) ''

 E (i) 41 =

Kill (yoi + b4i) cos (ct ₀₁ + ot ₄ ) ^ _

2 ((aoi + a4Cos (a ₀ i + a4) -C ₄ sin (aoi + a4)) ² + (y ₀ i + b ₄₁ ) ² )

K ilu (yoii + bi) cos (aoii + a ₄ )

2n ((aoii + a ₄ cos (aoii + a ₄ ) -C4sin (aoii + a)) ² + (yoii + b4i) ² ) '

J _J K ₂ I _I OQ _I + b ₄₂ ) cos (a ₀₁ + a ₄ )

(I) ⁴² 2n ((a ₀₁ + a ₄ cos (aoi + a ₄ ) -c ₄ sin (aoi + a ₄ ) + x ₂ cos (aoi + a4) -z ₂ sin (aoi + a ₄ )) ² + (yoi + b ₄ 2) ² )

K ₂ Iii (yoii + b ₄₂ ) cos (a _OI i + a4)

2 ((aoii + a4Cos (aoii + a ₄ ) -C ₄ sin (aoii + a4) + x ₂ cos (aoii + ₄ ) -Z2sin (aoii + a ₄ )) ² + (yoii + b ₄₂ ) ² ) ^'

 The required distances (yj, yn) from the soil surface to the place of passage of the first and second communications (4, 5) along the Y axis, orthogonal to the XZ plane, are determined from the expressions:

yi = yoi-b ₀ ; un ⁼ yo-b ₀ .

 Example 4

In accordance with FIG. 1 and 4 determine the occurrence depth (at _1; uc) and the distance (ao aoop) to the passage of two parallel communications (4, 5), when using the sensor block (16) containing two single-element electromagnetic sensors (2), while the approximate route of laying is preliminarily determined using two single-element electromagnetic field sensors, in accordance with the expression for the electromagnetic field strength: E _{1) nd} = | Em E ^{^} _{(1) ((1m} |; K _d Im (yom + b _nd ) cos (a _0m + a _n )

² "((a _0m + a _n cos (a _0m + a - c _n sin (a _0m + a _n ) + x _d cos (a _0m + aj - z _d sin (a _0m + a„)) ² + ( y _0m + b _nd )) ² In this case, the electromagnetic field strength is measured in the plane (aon 0) of the non-perpendicular longitudinal axis of communication (4, 5), when the measurement axis of the single-element sensor (2) is placed along the X axis and a constant angle (a _n = 0) the axis of measurement of the sensor (2) when moving the block (16) of sensors from the first measurement point.In this case, in the expression for electromagnetic intensity, a _{n are} always zero, and with „, b _nd , and _n , at the first point are zero, as a result, we get seven unknowns Ι v, 1c, yo y ₀ q, ao ao, aoi = aon, therefore, it is necessary to carry out seven measurements of the electromagnetic field strength.

Measurements of the electromagnetic field strength are carried out in accordance with example 1, except that it is necessary to carry out seven measurements of the electromagnetic field strength, two measurements in each of the three movements of the sensor unit (16) and one measurement at the fourth point and fixing at each point with the switch (12) of the corresponding parameters, while at all measurement points the angle of the measuring axis of the sensor (2) does not change. The system of nonlinear equations for determining the depth and distance to communication is as follows:

"C ^{1 12} 2n ((aoi + X2 Cosaoi-z ₂ sinaoi) ² + (yoi + bi ₂ ) ² ) 2n ((a _on + x ₂ cosaoii-z ₂ sina ₀ ii) ² + (yoii + b ₁₂ ) ² ) '

E (i) 22 - 2I | (y ₀ i + b ₂₂ ) cos a _0I

2n ((a ₀ i + a ₂ cos aoi-c ₂ sin a ₀ i + x ₂ cos aoi-z ₂ sin a ₀ i) ² + (yoi + b ₂₂ ) ² )

K ₂ Iii (yoii + b ₂₂ ) cosa ₀ ii.

2it ((a ₀ n + a ₂ cos aoii-c ₂ sinaoii + x ₂ cosaoii-z ₂ sinaoii) ² + (yoii + b ₂₂ ) ² ) '

E

 1 (1) 32

K ₂ Ii (yoi + b ₃ 2) cos

2ir ((a _0I + a ₃ cos a ₀ ic ₃ sin a ₀ i + x ₂ cos a ₀ iz ₂ sin a ₀ i) ² + (y ₀ i + b ₃₂ ) ² )

K ₂ IiiCyon + b ₃₂ ) cosapii

2i ((a „c + a3cosaoii-c ₃ sinaoii + x ₂ cosaoii-z ₂ sina ₀ ii) ² + (yoii + b ₃₂ ) ² ) '

_{1 I I} (y ₀ i + b ₄ i) cos a ₀ i. ₁ In (yoi _I + b ₄ i) cos _0Η

"CO ⁴¹ 2TT ((a ₀ i + a ₄ cos a ₀ ic ₄ sin a ₀ i) ² + (y ₀ i + b4i) ² ) 2π ((aoII + a ₄ cosa ₀ I ₁ -C4sinaoII) ² + ( YoII + bl ² ) ' The required distance (y y ^ _s) from the ground surface to the place of passage of the first and second communications (4, 5) on Y axis orthogonal XZ plane is determined from the expression:

 UGUOGIO; un = wop-b0.

 Example 5

In accordance with FIG. 1 and 4 determine the depth (yi, yts) and the distance (am, aop) to the passage of two parallel communications (4, 5), when using the sensor block (16) containing two single-element sensors (2) of the electromagnetic field, at this is preliminarily determined by the approximate route of laying with the help of two single-element sensors of the electromagnetic field, in accordance with the expression for the intensity of the electromagnetic field:

 m

KdlmOom + b _nd ) cos (a _0m + a _n )

2nd ((а _0т + a _n cos (a _0m + a ,,) - c _n sin (a _0m + a _n ) + x _d cos (a _0m + a _n ) - z _d sin (a _0m + a „) ) ² + (y _0m + b _nd )) ^{2 '} In this, the electromagnetic field is measured in the plane (ao _m = 0) perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of communication (4, 5), when the measurement axis of the single-element sensor (2) is placed along the X axis and a constant angle (a _n = 0) of the axis of measurement of the sensor (2) when moving the block (16) of sensors from the first measurement point. In this case, in the expression for the electromagnetic intensity, c _n , a „, a _{0m are} always zero, and b„ _d , а „, at the first point are equal to zero, as a result we get six unknowns Ιι, 1ц, yoi, у ₀ ц,, Aoi, therefore, it is necessary to conduct six measurements of the electromagnetic field strength.

 Measurements of the electromagnetic field strength are carried out in accordance with example 1, except that it is necessary to carry out six measurements of the electromagnetic field strength, two measurements in each of the three movements of the sensor unit (16) and fixation at each point using the switch (12) of the corresponding parameters Moreover, at all measurement points the angle of the measuring axis of the sensor (2) does not change. The system of nonlinear equations for determining the depth and distance to communication is as follows:

 ΚχΙιΥοΐ KI 'IIYOII

 E (i) ll

27i (a ₀ i + y ₀ i) 2g (a ₀ c + y ₀ c)

p _ K ₂ Ii (yoi + b ₁₂ ) KzInCyon + biz)

W ¹² 271 ((ao1 + x ₂ ) ² + (yo1 + b12) ² ) 2 (a ₀ i, + x ₂ ) ² + (yoii + bi2) ² ) '

W ^{21 ~} 2 _L ((a ₀₁ + a ₂ ) ² + (y ₀ 1 + b ₂₁ ) ² ) 2 (a ₀ ii + a ₂ ) ² + (y ₀ ii + b ₂₁ ) ² ) ' ^ ²² 2nd ((a ₀₁ + a ₂ + x ₂ ) ² + (V01 + b22) ² ) 2n ((a ₀ + a ₂ + x ₂ ) ² + (y _0II + b ₂₂ ) ² ) '

g _ K ^ Sush + b3!). K! LnCypn + bg _! )

W ³¹ 2 _L ((a ₀₁ + a ₃ ) ² + (Yo1 + b ₃₁ ) ² ) 2 _I ((a ₀₁₁ + a ₃ ) ² + (y ₀₁₁ + b ₃₁ ) ² ) '

£ K ₂ Ii (yoi + b ₃₂ ) ^ [„urp + bzr)

⁽¹ ) ³² 2 ((a _{0 l} + a ₃ + x ₂ ) ² + (y ₀ i + b ₃ 2) ² ) 2 n ((a ₀ 1 + az + x ₂ ) ² + (y ₀₁ + b ₂ ) ² ) '

 The required distances (yj, уц) from the soil surface to the place of passage of the first and second communications (4, 5) along the Y axis, orthogonal to the XZ plane, are determined from the expressions:

 Example 6

In accordance with FIG. 1 and 4 determine the depth (at _1? Y _\ ) and the distance (ao aop) to the passage of two randomly located communications (4, 5), when using a block (16) of sensors that contains two single-element sensors (2) of the electromagnetic field in in this case, an approximate laying route is preliminarily determined using two single-element electromagnetic field sensors configured to change the angle of its measurement axis relative to the second communication, in accordance with the expression for the electromagnetic field strength:

dlmOom + b _nd ) cOS (a _0m + tt _n )

2l ((a _0t + a _n cos (a _0m + a _n ) - c _n sin (a _0m + a _n ) + x _d cos (a _0m + a _n ) - z _d sin (a _0m + a _n )) ² + (y _0m + b _nd )) ² In this case, measurements of the electromagnetic field strength are carried out in such a way that, for the first communication (4), single-element sensors (2) measure the tension in the plane (α ₀ ι = 0) perpendicular to the longitudinal communication axis (4 ), and for the second communication (5), single-element sensors (2) measure the tension in the plane (<0 0) of a non-perpendicular longitudinal axis of communication (5), when the measurement axis of the single-element sensor (2) is placed along the X axis and a constant angle (α _η = 0) os and measuring the sensor when moving the sensor block from the first measurement point. In this case, in the expression for the electromagnetic intensity with „(for the first communication), Zd, a ₀₁ , a _n are always zero, and with„ (for the second communication), b _n d, and „, at the first point are equal to zero, as a result, we obtain seven unknowns Ii, 1c, uy wop, ao aoop, ctoii, therefore, it is necessary to conduct seven measurements of the electromagnetic field strength.

Measurements of electromagnetic field strength are carried out in accordance with example 1, except that it is necessary to carry out seven measurements of electromagnetic field strength, two measurements in each of the three movements block (16) of sensors and one measurement at the fourth point and fixing at each point using the switch (12) the corresponding parameters, while at all measurement points the angle of the measuring axis of the sensor (2) does not change relative to the position at the first point. The system of nonlinear equations for determining the depth and distance to communication is as follows:

 with _ K ^ yo! , KiInyoiicosaoH.

2 _H (a ^ ₀ + O1) 2n _(O11 and ² vol * +)

K ₂ li (yoi + bi ₂ ), K ₂ Iii (yoii + b ₁₂ ) cosaon

W ¹² ~ 2 (a _0I + x ₂ ) ² + (y _0I + b ₁₂ ) ² ) 2 ^ (a _OII + x ₂ cosa _OII -z ₂ sina ₀ ii) ² + (yoii + bi ₂ ) ² ) '

s _ ^^ (ypi + bzi) K _t lnCyoii + bzijcosCaon)

 Cg 71 - tm, -: - t ~ .— ~ - g g t

^ ¹ ) ²¹ 2π ((a ₀₁ + a ₂ ) ² + (уо1 + б ₂₁ ) ² ) 2 _W ((a ₀ ii + a ₂ cos (aoii) -c ₂ sin (aoii)) ² + (yoii + b ₂₁ ) ² ) '

g K ₂ li (oi + b ₂ 2) I K2lii (yoii + b ₂₂ ) cos (aoii).

W ³² 2l ((a ₀ [+ a ₂ + x ₂ ) ² + (V01 + b22) ² ) 2l ((a ₀ „+ a2C05 (a ₀₁₁ ) -C25m (a ₀₁ 1) + x ₂ co5 (ao11) -2 (oo11)) ² + (yo11 + b2r) ² ) '

g _ By _{February 1} | (Vo | + L ₃₂₎ | _ By _{February 1]} | (yo || + z2), C05 ^(C est).

W ³² 2n ((a ₀ 1 + az + x ₂ ) ² + (y ₀₁ + b ₃₂ ) ² ) 2it ((a ₀ ii + a3cos (aoii) -c ₃ sin (a _OII ) + x ₂ cos (a ₀ ii) -z ₂ sin (aoii)) ² + (yoi [+ b32) ² ) '

 Kilii (yoii + b i) cos (ooii)

2 ((a _{0 | I} + a ₄ cos (aoii) -c ₄ sin (a ₀ H)) ² + (yoii + b ₄₁ ) ² ) '

The required distances (y _ls уи) from the soil surface to the place of passage of the first and second communications (4, 5) along the Y axis, orthogonal to the XZ plane, are determined from 15 expressions:

 Example 7

 In accordance with FIG. 1 and 6 determine the depth (yup) and the distance (am, aop) to the passage of two randomly located communications (4, 5), when 0 using the sensor block (16) containing three single-element sensors (2) of the electromagnetic field, this is preliminarily determined by the approximate route of laying with the help of three single-element sensors of the electromagnetic field, made with the possibility of changing the angle of its axis of measurement, in accordance with | ;

KdlmOom + b _nd ) cos (a _0m + a _n )

2nd ((а _0т + a „cos (a _0m + a _n ) - c _n sin (a _0m + a _n ) + x _d cos (a _0m + a _n ) - z _d sin (a _0m + a _n )) ² + (y _0m + b _nd )) ² 5 In this case, the electromagnetic field is measured in the plane (ao _m ^ O) of the non-perpendicular longitudinal axis of communication (4, 5), when the measurement axis of the single-element sensor (2) is placed along the X axis and with a changing angle (a _n ^ 0) of the measuring axis of the sensor (2) when moving the block (16) of sensors from the first measurement point. In this case, in the expression for tension electromagnetic c _n , b _n a, a „, a _n at the first point are equal to zero, as a result we get eight unknowns 1 _b 1 _p , y ₀₁ , y ₀ c, ao α ₀ v, ao, ao, therefore, it is necessary to carry out eight measurements of electromagnetic field strength.

 Measurements of the electromagnetic field strength are carried out in accordance with example 1, except that it is necessary to measure eight measurements of the electromagnetic field strength, three measurements in each of the two movements of the sensor unit (16) and two measurements at the third point and fixation at each point at using the switch (12) of the corresponding parameters, while at the measurement points, in addition to the first, the angle of the measuring axis of the sensor (2) changes. The system of nonlinear equations for determining the depth and distance to communication is as follows:

K _i liy ₀ icosa ₀₁ K ^ zuotssaova

2π (3 ₀ ι ² + ₀ i ² ) ^2π Οοιι ² + Wop ² ) '

K ₂ Ii (yoi + bi2) osaoi K2lii (yoii + bi2) osa ₀ n

 + ·

^J W ¹² -Z2Sina _OI ) ² + (yoi + b ₁₂ ) ² ) 2 (a ₀ ii + x ₂ cosa ₀ ii-z ₂ sina ₀ ii) ² + (yoii + b ₁₂ ) ² ) '

 E (l) 21

Kili (yoi + b ₂ i) cos (a _ol + a ₂ ) KjIuCyon + bz cosCaon + az)

2 (aoi + a ₂ cos (a ₀ i + a ₂ ) -C ₂ sin (aoi + a ₂ )) ² + (yoi + b ₂ i) ² ) 2n ((aoii + a ₂ cos (aoii + a ₂ ) -c ₂ sin (aoii + a ₂ )) ² + (yoii + b ₂₁ ) ² ) '

K2ll (yoi + b ₂ 2) cos (aoi + a ₂ )

2 ((aoI ^ a2Cos (aoI + a2) -C2Sin (aoI + a2) + 2Cos (aoI + a2) -Z2sin (aoI + a _z )) ² + (yoI + b22) ² )

K2lll (yoll + b ₂₂ ) cos (aoii + a2)

2rt ((a ₀ ii + a2Cos (aoii + a2) -C2 in (aoii + a ₂ ) + X2Cos (aoii + a2) -Z2Sin (a _on + o ₂ )) ² + (yoii + b22) ² ) '

K3li (yoi + b ₂ 3) cos (aoi + a2)

((a _OI + a2COs (a ₀ i + 02) -c ₂ sin (a ₀ i + a ₂ ) + x ₃ cos (aoi + a (aoi + a ₂ )) + (y ₀ 1 + b ₂ s) ² )

Kz1c (V01 | + b ₂ s) ω5 (ao1 ₁ + a ₂ )

₂ n ((aoii + a2Cos (aoii + a2) -C2Sin (a _OII + a ₂ ) + X3Cos (o _OII + a2) -Z3sin (aoii + a2)) ² + (yoii + b23) ² ) '

E (l) 31 ⁼

ili (yoi + b ₃₁ ) cos (a _OI + a ₃ ) K ^ n ^ he + b3 ^ cosCaon + ae).

2n ((aoi + a ₃ cos (aoi + a3) -c ₃ sin (aoi + a ₃ )) ^z + (yoi + b ₃ i) ² ) 2rt ((aoii + a ₃ cos (ooii + a ₃ ) - C3sin (aoii + a ₃ )) ² + (yoii + b ₃ i) ² ) '

K2ll (yol + b32) cos (aoi + a3)

2 ((a _OI + a3 COs (aoI + O3) -Csin (ooI + O3) + ₂ cos (aoI + O3) -z ₂ sin (aol + a3)) ² + (yoI + b ₃₂ ) ² )

K2ln (yoll + b ₃₂ ) cos (aon + a3).

2nd (Ca ₀₁₁ + azC05 (a ₀ 11 + az) -Cz5m (a ₀ c + az) + 2C05 (ao11 + az) -2 ₂ 51n (a ₀₁₁ + az)) ² + (yo11 + bz ₂ ) ² '

 The required distances (yy) from the soil surface to the place of passage of the first and second communications (4, 5) along the Y axis, orthogonal to the XZ plane, are determined from the expressions:

yn = y <w-b0. Example 8

In accordance with FIG. 2 and 7 determine the depth (yi _; uz) and the distance (ao aoi) to the passage of two parallel communications (4, 5) when using the sensor block (16) containing two two-element sensors (2) of the electromagnetic field in accordance with at the same time, an approximate laying route is preliminarily determined using two two-element electromagnetic field sensors, with the expression for the electromagnetic field strength:

^E (2) nd - ( ^E (2) lnd + ^E (2) 2nd);

(2) Xndm 2ir ((a _0m + f _nd ) ² + (yom + bnd) ² ) '

 Kyd'miaom + fnd)

- 2; Ynam 2 ((a _0ra + f „ _d ) ² + (yom + bnd) ² ) ^'

In this case, measurements of the electromagnetic field strength are carried out in the plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of communication (4, 5), with orthogonal placement of the measurement axes of the two-element sensors (2) relative to each other in the XY plane and their arbitrary location in the XY plane. In this case, we get six unknowns I], ₁ , y, ₀₁ , uop, but therefore you need to take six measurements of the electromagnetic field strength.

 Measurements of the electromagnetic field strength are carried out in accordance with Example 1, except that two two-element sensors (2) are used in the sensor block (16), and it is also necessary to measure six measurements of the electromagnetic field strength, two measurements in each of the three movements of the block (16) sensors and fixation at each point using the switch (12) corresponding parameters. The system of nonlinear equations for determining the depth and distance to communication is as follows:

2g (a ₀₁ ² + y ₀ 1 ² ) 2l (a ₀ 11 ² + Waq ² ) 2 2l ( ^' a ₀₁ ' + y ₀₁ ) 2n (a ₀ q + Won)

, Kxzl! Cyoi + b! Z ) x 1 and ₂ (Uo11 + b _{12). 2+}

K ((a ₀ i + fi ₂ ) ² + (yoi + bi2) ² ) 2 (a _OII + f ₁₂ ) ² + (y ₀ ii + b ₁₂ ) ² y

E (2) 12 - KY ₂ lii (a ₀ H + i2) '

2n ((a _OI , + f ₁₂ ) ² + (yoii + b ₁ 2) ² r

, K _xi li (y ₀ | + b ₂₁ ) I KxiIll (yoll + b _2l ). ₂ _ | _

(a ₀ i + f ₂ i) ² + (yoi + b2i) ² ) 2π ((ао11 + Г ₂ 1) ² + (Уо11 + Л21) ² Г

E (2) 2i yilH (a ₀ ii + f ₂ i. ₂ '

2 _n ((aoii + f ₂ i) ² + (yoii + b ₂ i) ² r - K _X2 ll (yoi + b22) I K _X 21c (V01 ^| + b ₂₂ ) y ₊

(a ₀ i + f ₂ 2) ² + (yoi + b ₂₂ ) ² ) 2 _Л ((ао11 + Г ₂ 2) ² + (уо11 + б ₂₂ ) ²

E (2) 22 _l_ s K _Y 2li (a _0I + f22)

((a ₀ i + f ₂₂ ) ² + (y ₀ i + b ₂₂ ) ² )

i ((a ₀ , + rz1) ² + (yo1 + b ₃ 1) ² ) 27i ((a _0I , + f3 ₁ ) ² + (y ₀ H + b ₃ i) ² r

E (2) 31, K _Yl Ii (a ₀ | + f ₃₁ ) '

(aoi + f ₃ i) ² + (yoi + b ₃ i) ² )

, Kx ₂ I | (y ₀₁ + b ₃ 2) KxzInCyon + bgz) y

w ((a _0I + f ₃₂ ) ² + (y ₀ j + b ₃₂ ) ^z ) 2 _L ((a ₀₁₁ + _{5 2} ) ² + (y _0I + b ₃₂ ) ²

 E (2) 32

 The required distances (yi, уц) from the soil surface to the place of passage of the first and second communications (4, 5) along the Y axis, orthogonal to the XZ plane, are determined from the expressions:

 Example 9

In accordance with FIG. 2 and 7 determine the occurrence depth (at _1; uz) and the distance (am, aop) to the passage of two parallel communications (4, 5), when using a block (16) of sensors containing two two-element sensors (2) of the electromagnetic field, at the same time, an approximate laying route is preliminarily determined using two two-element electromagnetic field sensors, in accordance with the expression for the electromagnetic field strength: E ( ₂ ) nd - (E ( ₂ ) _lnd + E ( ₂ ) 2nd); End - Σπι E ( ₂ ) XZndm E ( ₂ ) x _Zn d _m ~

 Kxzd! MCyom + bnd)

2ir ((a ₀ m + fnd) ² + (yom + bnd) ² ) ^'

In this case, measurements of the electromagnetic field strength are carried out in the plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of communication, with orthogonal placement of the measurement axes of the two-element sensors (2) relative to each other in the XZ plane and their arbitrary location in the XZ plane. In this case, we obtain six unknowns Ii, 1c, y ₀ i, y ₀ c, am, ao, therefore, it is necessary to conduct six measurements of the electromagnetic field strength.

Measurements of the electromagnetic field strength are carried out in accordance with Example 1, except that two two-element sensors (2) are used in the sensor block (16), and it is also necessary to conduct six measurements of the electromagnetic field strength, two measurements in each of the three movements of the block ( 16) sensors and fixation at each point using a switch (12) relevant parameters. The system of nonlinear equations for determining the depth and distance to communication is as follows:

s _ K _xzi l | y _{0 [} Kx ₂₁ 1tsu ₀₁₁

b (2) and - g t g;

^{2 a} 01 + U01) ^2l ( ^a oi + Uoi)

g _ K _XZ2 Ii (y ₀₁ + b ₁₂ ) Kx _Z2 I | i (yo | i + b ₁₂ )

W ¹² 2 _L ((a ₀ , + G ₁₂ ) ² + (y ₀ 1 + b ₁₂ ) ² ) 2 ^ (a _0II + f ₁₂ ) ² + (y ₀ , i + b ₁₂ ) 2) '

Kxzi'i (yoi + b ₂ i). K _X21 1c (y ₀ n + b ₂₁ )

 E

2 _rt ((a ₀ i + f ₂ i) ² + (yoi + b ₂ i) ² ) 2π ((3 ₀ ιι + f ₂ i) ² + (yoil + b ₂ i) ² ) '

_ ^K XZ24 (pI + b22) I K _{x22 1n} (Uoi + b ₂₂ ).

W ²² 2 (a _OI + f ₂ 2) ² + (yoi + b ₂ 2) ² ) 2π ((а _о11 +5 ₂₂ ) ² + (уо11 + b ₂ 2) ² ) '

_ Kx _Z1 Ii (y ₀ i + b ₃ i) Kx _Z iIii ( ₀ ii + b3i)

( ² ) ³¹ ~ 2 _re ((a _OI + f ₃₁ ) ² + (yoi + b ₃ i) ² ) ((a ₀ , i + f ₃ i) ² + (y ₀ ii + b ₃ i) ² ) ''

Kx _Z2 Ii (yoi + b ₃₂ ),

^J ( ² ) ³² 2 (a _0I + f ₃₂ ) ² + (y ₀ i + b ₃₂ ) ² ) 2 (a _OII + f ₃₂ ) ² + (yoii + b ₃₂ ) ² ) '

 The required distances (yn) from the soil surface to the place of passage of the first and second communications (4, 5) along the Y axis, orthogonal to the XZ plane, are determined from the expressions:

 yi = yoi-bo; Woo = Won-bo

 Example 10

 In accordance with FIG. 2 and 7 determine the depth (y up) and the distance (ao aop) to the passage of two parallel communications (4, 5) when using the sensor block (16) containing two three-element sensors (2) of the electromagnetic field in accordance with the expression for electromagnetic field strength:

^E (3) nd - ( ^E (3) lnd + ^E (3) 2nd + ^E (3) 3nd); ^E (3) nd ~ ((m ^E (3) XZndm) ² + (Ση ^E (3) Yndm) ² );

P _ KxZd! MCypm + bnd _P _ K _Yd I _m (a _0m + f _nd )

b (3) XZndm - 2 (( _a a ₀ -_ _m ++ ff. _nd ^) 2 ² ++ (vyo._m ++ hb_ „ _d ^) 2 ² ) ' ^E ' ( ^W 3) Y ^Y n ⁿ d ^a m ^m ~ 2n ((a _0m + f _nd ) ² + (y _0m + b _nd ) ² ) '

In this case, measurements of the electromagnetic field strength are carried out in the plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of communication with orthogonal placement of the measurement axes of the three-element sensors (2) relative to each other and their arbitrary location. In this case, we obtain six unknowns I _{l5 1c} , y ₀ b _{0 0} c, and ao aop, therefore, it is necessary to conduct six measurements of the electromagnetic field strength.

Measurements of the electromagnetic field strength are carried out in accordance with example 1, except that two three-element sensors (2) are used in the sensor block (16), and it is also necessary to carry out six measurements of the electromagnetic field strength, two measurements in each of the three movements of the block ( 16) sensors and fixation at each point using a switch relevant parameters. The system of nonlinear equations for determining the depth and distance to communication is as follows:

^Λ ΧΖ2 Ii (y ₀ i + b _i2 ) ΚχΖ24Ι (Won + b _i2 )

 +

^• 2π ((а ₀ , + f ₁₂ ) ² + (y _d + b ₁₂ ) ² ) 2π ((3 _{0Ι Ι} + f ₁₂ ) ² + (y ₀ „+ b ₁₂ ) ² ) Y +

- (3) 12

, ^Λ Υ2 Ii (a ₀ i + f ₁₂ ) Κγ2 ΐ ( ³ 0ΙΙ + fl2)

2nd ((a ₀₁ + f ₁₂ ) ² + (y _0I + b ₁₂ ) ² ) 2π ((3 _{0 Ι Ι} + f ₁₂ ) ² + (y ₀ , i + b Y

^Λ ΧΖ2 Ii (yoi + b ₂₂ ) Xyy ^ nSUon + b ₂₂ )

^■ 2nd ((a ₀₁ + f ₂₂ ) ² + (y _d + b ₂₂ ) ² ) 2π ((3 _{0 Ι Ι} + f ₂₂ ) ² + (y _0II + b ₂₂ ) ² ) Y + 3) 22 K _Y2 Ij (a ₀ i + f ₂₂ ) Ku ₂ 1 _p (a ₀₁₁ + f ₂₂ )

2nd ((a ₀₁ + f ₂₂ ) ² + (yoi + b ₂₂ ) ² ) 2π ((3 ₀ ι, + f ₂₂ ) ² + (y ₀ n + b ₂₂ ) ² )

Kxz ₂ Ii (yoi + b ₃₂ ) Khg ₂ 1c (Uoi + b ₃₂ )

) ² +

2π ((3 _0! + F ₃₂ ) ² + (y ₀ i + b ₃₂ ) ² ) 2nd ((e ₀ „+ f ₃₂ ) ² + (y ₀ n + b ₃₂ ) ² )

- (3) 32 γ ₂ Ιι (3 ₀ | + f ₃₂ ) Κγ2ΐιι ( ³ οιι + hi ⁾

 +

^ 2π ((3 _0Ι + f ₃₂ ) ² + (yoi + b ₃₂ ) ² ) 2π ((3 _0Ι + f ₃₂ ) ² + (y ₀ „+ b ₃₂ ) ²

The required distances (y _1; uz) from the soil surface to the place of passage of the first and second communications (4, 5) along the Y axis, orthogonal to the XZ plane, are determined from the expressions:

yi = yoi-b ₀ ; yi = won-bo

 Thus, the proposed group of inventions allows to increase the accuracy and reduce the complexity of measurements due to the fact that they take measurements at several points and in difficult conditions, in the presence of obstacles, the operator can choose an arbitrary path for taking measurements and determine the distance to communications and their depth even if there are several communications. This reduces the complexity and improves accuracy in difficult conditions.

The invention has been disclosed above with reference to a specific embodiment. Other options may be apparent to those skilled in the art. inventions that do not change its essence, as it is disclosed in the present description. Accordingly, the invention should be considered limited in scope only by the following claims.

Claims

CLAIM

 1. A method for determining the depth and distance to the passage of at least one communication, characterized in that the AC source is connected to at least one communication, an alternating test signal is generated and fed to at least one communication, determine the approximate route of laying at least one communication and the position of the first measurement point, after which:

 a) Install a sensor block containing at least one electromagnetic field sensor at the first measurement point, with which measure the magnitude of the electromagnetic field at the first point on each sensor in the block, and then use the switch to fix the magnitude of the electromagnetic field in the first the measurement point on each sensor in the block and the height above ground level of the first sensor in the block;

 b) Move the sensor block to an arbitrary measurement point at known distances in one coordinate, measure the magnitude of the electromagnetic field at each sensor at this point, and use the switch at this point to fix the magnitude of the electromagnetic field at each sensor, and change the coordinates by which moving the sensor block of the electromagnetic field from the first measurement point, characterized in that the sensor block in step b) is additionally mixed with at least one more coordinate;

 c) Repeat operation b) the required number of times depending on the given measurement accuracy, characterized by the number of communications and electromagnetic field sensors in the unit;

 d) determine the depth and distance of at least one communication based on the solution of non-linear equations in accordance with the expressions for the electromagnetic field strength.

2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the depth and distance to at least one communication is determined based on the solution of a system of non-linear equations in accordance with the expressions for the electromagnetic field using the processing unit of the device for determining the depth and distance to places of passage of underground communication, while the depth of communication relative to the ground level is determined as the difference between the depth of communication relative to the first sensor at the first point measured I and the height above the ground of the first sensor in the first measuring point.

3. The method according to p. 1 or 2, characterized in that they repeat operations a) - c) at least three times and determine the depth and distance to the place of passage of at least one underground communication as the average of the obtained values.

4. The method according to p. 2, characterized in that when measuring electromagnetic field strength in the presence of at least one communication and using a sensor unit containing at least one single-element electromagnetic field sensor containing one sensing element, an axis whose measurements are placed along the X axis, and in the presence of more than one single-element electromagnetic field sensor, the sensors in the block are spaced apart at predetermined predetermined distances from each other, when they are parallel transferring to a new measurement point in the block relative to each other, while the electromagnetic field is measured in a plane perpendicular or non-perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of communications, at a constant or changing angle of the axes of measurement of the sensors of the electromagnetic field strength and fixing the distances by which the sensors and angles are shifted, on which the sensor axes are turned from the position at the first measurement point, and in the presence of more than one communication, measuring the electromagnetic They are carried out at their arbitrary or parallel arrangement, while the electromagnetic field strength is determined as the modulus of the vector sum of the electromagnetic field from each m-communication at the point of the d-sensor and at the measurement point from the expressions:

£ _ K _d I _m (y _om + b _nd ) cos (a _om + a _n )

( ^l ) ndm 2nV (aom + anCos (ao _m + a _n ) -c _n sin (aom + an) + XdCos (a _0m + a _n ) -z _d sin (ao _m + a _n )) ² + (y _om + b _nd ) ² 'where E ₍ i _{) nd is the} total electromagnetic field strength measured by a single-element d-sensor at the η-measurement point; Е ( ₁ ) _{П (1т} , E ^ _ndm - module and projection of the vector, respectively, of the electromagnetic field strength, at the location of the single-element d-sensor of the electromagnetic field at the η-measurement point, created by t-communication along the sensor axis; - device conversion coefficient channel of the d-sensor; I _m is the current in m-communication; ao _t is the required distance to the place of passage of t-communication from the first electromagnetic field sensor at the first measurement point in a plane parallel to the XZ plane parallel to the communication line; at _0t is the distance from the first electromagnetic field sensor at the first measurement point to the place of passage of m-communication along the Y axis, orthogonal to the XZ plane; b „d is the known distance by which the d-sensor of the electromagnetic field is shifted to the p-point measurements from the first measurement point along the Y axis; c _n is the known distance by which the first electromagnetic field sensor is displaced orthogonally to the longitudinal axis of the sensor to the η-point from the first measurement point along the Z axis orthogonal to the X axis; and „is the known distance by which the first electromagnetic field sensor is offset at the n-point of the measurement from the first measurement point along the X axis, which coincides with the line of the longitudinal axis of the sensor; xj, za is the known distance at which the d-sensor of the electromagnetic field is located from the first sensor in the sensor block along the X and Z axes, respectively; and _0t is the angle of the longitudinal axis of the electromagnetic field sensor to the normal to the longitudinal axis of m-communication at the first measurement point in a plane parallel to the XZ plane; and „is the angle of rotation of the measuring axis of the electromagnetic field sensor relative to the longitudinal axis of the sensor in a plane parallel to the XZ plane at the p-point of measurement relative to the position at the first measurement point, and based on the expressions for the electromagnetic field at the point of the d-sensor and at the p-point of measurements determine the distance to the place of passage of t-communication in the plane parallel to the XZ plane and the depth based on solving a system of non-linear equations with unknowns - aosh, Wosh, I _m , and _0t , ⁱⁿ which the quantity is measured is equal to or greater than the number of unknowns, and the amount of data received from the sensors is greater than or equal to the number of unknowns.

5. The method according to p. 2, characterized in that when measuring electromagnetic field strength in the presence of at least one communication and using a sensor unit containing at least one two-element electromagnetic field sensor containing two sensing elements, the measurement axes of which are orthogonally located relative to each other in the XY plane and the passage of the X axis parallel to the soil surface, and if there are more than one two-element electromagnetic field sensor, the sensors in the block are spaced at predetermined predetermined distances from each other, when they are parallelly transferred to a new measurement point in the block relative to each other, while the electromagnetic field is measured in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of communication, while fixing the distances by which the sensors are offset from the position at the first point measurement, while the electromagnetic field is determined as the sum of the electromagnetic field from each m-communication, located in parallel, at the point of the d-sensor Single and n-point measurement of the expressions:

Kxdlm Cyom + b _n d)

E (2) Xndm 2nd ((a _0t + f _nd ) ² + (Wat + b _nd ) ² )

KYdIm ( ^a Om + fnd)

2 t ((a _0m + f _nd ) ² + (y _0m + b _nd ) ² )

where E ( ₂ ) „d is the total electromagnetic field strength measured by a two-element d-sensor at the η-measurement point; E ( ₂ ) _ln d, E ( ₂ ) _2n d are the electromagnetic field strengths measured by the first and second sensitive elements of the two-element d-sensor of the electromagnetic field at the η-measurement point, respectively; E ( ₂ ) Xndm, E ( ₂ ) Yndm - electromagnetic field strength at the location of the two-element d-sensor of the electromagnetic field at the η-measurement point created by w-communication along the X axis and Y axis, respectively; K _Xc j, K _{Y (} j is the conversion coefficient of the device of the channel X and Y of the d-sensor, respectively; I _m is the current in t-communication; ao _t is the desired distance to the place of passage of w-communication from the first electromagnetic field sensor at the first point measurements in a plane parallel to the XZ plane, parallel to the communication line; уо _t is the distance from the first electromagnetic field sensor at the first measurement point to the place of m-communication along the Y axis, orthogonal to the XZ plane; b „d is the known distance by which the d-sensor electromagnetic field is shifted to η-measurement point from the first measurement point along the Y axis; f _n d is the known distance by which the d-sensor of the electromagnetic field is offset at the η-measurement point from the first sensor at the first point in the plane parallel to the XY plane, while based on the expressions for the electromagnetic field strength at the point of the d-sensor and at the ^η- point of measurements determine the distance to the place of m-communications in the plane parallel to the XZ plane and the depth based on solving a system of nonlinear equations with unknowns - ao _t , y _0t , 1 _t , in which quantity during the measurement is equal to or greater than the number of unknowns, and the amount of data received from the sensors is greater than or equal to the number of unknowns.

6. The method according to p. 2, characterized in that when conducting measurements of the electromagnetic field in the presence of at least one communication and using a sensor unit containing at least one two-element electromagnetic field sensor containing two sensing elements, the measurement axes of which are orthogonally located relative to each other in the XZ plane and arbitrarily located in the XZ plane one two-element electromagnetic field sensor, the sensors in the block are spaced at predetermined predetermined distances from each other, when they are parallel transferred to a new measurement point in the block relative to each other, while the electromagnetic field is measured in a plane parallel to the longitudinal communication axis, with fixing the distances where the sensors are offset from the position at the first measurement point, while the electromagnetic field strength is determined at the point of the d-sensor and at the η-measurement point th of the expressions:

Kxzdlm (y0m + b _n d)

2ir ((a _0m + f _nd ) ² + (Wat + bnd) ² ) '

where E (2) nd is the total electromagnetic field strength measured by a two-element d-sensor at the ^η- measurement point; E ( ₂ ) _ln d, E ( ₂ ) _2n d are the electromagnetic field strengths measured by the first and second sensitive elements of the two-element d-sensor of the electromagnetic field at the η-measurement point, respectively; E ( ₂ ) xzndm - electromagnetic field strength at the location of the two-element d-sensor of the electromagnetic field at the η-measurement point created by t-communication in a plane parallel to the XZ plane; Kxzd is the conversion coefficient of the device channel XZ d-sensor; I _m - current in m-communication; ao _t is the required distance to the place of passage of m-communication from the first electromagnetic field sensor at the first measurement point in a plane parallel to the XZ plane, parallel to the communication line; уо _t is the distance from the first electromagnetic field sensor at the first measurement point to the place of passage of w-communication along the Y axis orthogonal to the XZ plane; b „d is the known distance by which the d-sensor of the electromagnetic field is shifted to the η-measurement point from the first measurement point along the Y axis; f „d is the known distance by which the d-sensor of the electromagnetic field is displaced at the η-measurement point from the first sensor at the first point in the plane parallel to the XY plane, while on the basis of the expressions for the electromagnetic field at the point of the d-sensor and in η- point measurements determine the distance to the passage of co-communications in the depth and the XZ plane parallel to the plane based on solving a system of nonlinear equations with unknown - ao _t, Vo _{t, t} 1, in which the number of measurements is equal to or greater than the number of unknowns x, and the amount of data received from the sensors is greater than or equal to the number of unknowns.

7. The method according to p. 2, characterized in that when conducting measurements of the electromagnetic field in the presence of at least one communication and using a sensor unit containing at least one three-element electromagnetic field sensor containing three sensing elements, the measuring axes of which are orthogonally located relative to each other and arbitrarily located in space, and in the presence of more than one three-element electromagnetic field sensor, the sensors in the unit are spaced apart in advance fixed specified distances from each other, when fixing the distances by which the sensors are offset from the position at the first measurement point, while the electromagnetic field strength over the m-communications located in parallel is determined as the vector sum of the voltage from each communication at the point of the d-sensor and η-point measurement from the expressions:

^E (3) nd = ( ^E (3) lnd + ^E (3) 2nd + ^E (3) 3nd); ^E (3) nd = J (Gm ^E (3) XZndm) ² + (Em ^E (3) Yndm) ² ); with _ Kxzd! mCyom + bnd). p _ K _Y dI _m (a _0m + f _n d).

b (3) XZndm 2 ((a _0m + f _nd ) 4 (y _0m + b _nd ) 2) '^ Yndm _2n ((a _{om +} f _nd ) 2 ₊ (y _om + b _nd ) 2)'

where E (3) nd is the total electromagnetic field strength measured by a three-element d-sensor at the η-measurement point; E ( ₃ ) _ln d, E ( ₃ ) _2nd , E ( ₃ ) _3n d - electromagnetic field strengths measured by the first, second and third sensitive elements of a three-element d-sensor at the η-measurement point, respectively; E ( ₃ ) xz _n dm, E ( ₃ ) Yndm - electromagnetic field strength at the location of the three-element electromagnetic field d-sensor at the η-measurement point, created by m-communication in the PLANE parallel to the XZ plane and along the Y axis, respectively; Κ _{ΧΖ (1} , K _Yd is the conversion coefficient of the device of the XZ and Y channel of the d-sensor, respectively; I _m is the current in m-communication; ao _t is the required distance to the passage of m-communication from the first electromagnetic field sensor at the first measurement point in a plane parallel to the XZ plane, parallel to the communication line; уо _t is the distance from the first electromagnetic field sensor at the first measurement point to the place of m-communication along the Y axis, orthogonal to the XZ plane; b „d is the known distance by which d is the electromagnetic sensor fields shifted to η-measurement point from the first measurement point along the Y axis; f „d is the known distance by which the d-sensor of the electromagnetic field is displaced at the η-measurement point from the first sensor at the first point in the plane parallel to the XY plane, perpendicular to the communication line, at on the basis of the expressions for the electromagnetic field strength at the point of the d-sensor and at the η-point of measurements determine the distance to the passage of m-communications in a plane parallel to the XZ plane and the depth based on solving a system of nonlinear equations with unknowns - ao _t , yo _t , 1 _t , in which the number of measurements is equal to or greater than the number of unknowns, and the amount of data received from the sensors is greater than or equal to the number of unknowns.

 8. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the depth and distance of at least one communication is determined based on the solution of non-linear equations by least squares methods and regression methods in accordance with the expressions for the electromagnetic field strength using the processing unit of the determination device the depth and distance to the place of passage of the underground communication, while the depth of the communication relative to the ground level is determined as the difference in the depth of communication relative regarding the first sensor at the first measurement point and the height above the ground level of the first sensor at the first measurement point.

 9. The method according to claim 2 or 8, characterized in that, on the basis of a change in the magnitude and sign of the measured values of the electromagnetic field, the direction of the location of the communication is determined.

 10. Device for determining the location and depth of underground utilities to perform the method according to paragraphs. 1-9, comprising an alternating current source connected to at least one communication, a sensor unit comprising at least one electromagnetic field sensor, and a housing in which at least one preamplifier for each electromagnetic sensor is located field, at least one ADC connected to the corresponding preamplifier, indicator, processing unit, power supply, switch for reference points, memory unit for the distance between reference points and memory unit for the magnitude of the electromagnetic field in reference points, at the sensor unit is connected to the preamplifier, the power supply unit is configured to supply power to the sensor unit, preamplifier, processing unit and indicator, and the processing unit is connected to the preamplifier through an ADC, indicator, reference point switch, memory unit of the distance between the reference points and the electromagnetic unit Fields at reference points.

11. The device according to p. 10, characterized in that the single-element, two-element or three-element electromagnetic field sensors are used as electromagnetic field sensors, which measure the electromagnetic field strength along one axis, in a plane or at a point in space, respectively, and containing sensitive elements.

12. The device according to p. 10, characterized in that the sensor unit is located outside or in the housing.

 13. The device according to p. 10, characterized in that if there are more than one electromagnetic field sensor in the sensor block, the sensors in the block are spaced apart at predetermined predetermined distances from each other.

 14. The device according to p. 10, characterized in that the switch on the instrument panel is used as a switch, while fixed values of distances are entered into the device memory that correspond to the sequence of pressing the switch.

 15. The device according to p. 14, characterized in that the switch is configured to start the measurement at the first point, fix the subsequent measurement points, stop the measurement and synchronize the measurement in time using a timer, and the intermediate distances between the measurement points are calculated by pre-entered in memory algorithm.

 16. The device according to p. 10, characterized in that it further comprises a distance meter connected to the processing unit.

 17. The device according to p. 16, characterized in that as a distance meter a measuring bar is applied, associated with the device and containing marks of fixed distances recorded in the device memory.

 18. The device according to p. 16, characterized in that a measuring wheel is used as a distance meter.

 19. The device according to p. 16, characterized in that an accelerometer is used as a distance meter, when fixing intermediate points according to a previously stored algorithm.

 20. The device according to p. 16, characterized in that as a distance meter, a combination of devices is used, made with the possibility of additional measurement of the rotation angles of the measurement axis of the electromagnetic field sensors and including an accelerometer, altimeter, magnetometer, electronic gyroscope connected to the processing unit, when fixing intermediate points according to a previously stored algorithm.

 21. The device according to p. 16, characterized in that a GPS system is used as a distance meter when fixing intermediate points according to a previously stored algorithm.