WO2015113691A1

WO2015113691A1 - Expansion machine

Info

Publication number: WO2015113691A1
Application number: PCT/EP2014/077717
Authority: WO
Inventors: Bastian Volpert; Matthias Horn; Bernhard Sich; Johannes Glückler; Roland Altvater
Original assignee: Zf Friedrichshafen Ag
Priority date: 2014-01-29
Filing date: 2014-12-15
Publication date: 2015-08-06
Also published as: DE102014201575A1

Abstract

Expansion machine (1) for using the energy of the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, said expansion machine (1) comprising at least one inlet (9) and at least one outlet (10), characterized in that the expansion machine (1) has an adjusting device for adjusting control times of the inlet (9) and/or the outlet (10), thereby improving the design and/or function of the expansion machine (1).

Description

expander

The invention relates to an expansion machine for using exhaust gas energy of an internal combustion engine.

From EP 1 929 155 B1 a vane pump is known with variable eccentricity, with a rotor provided with vanes, an adjusting ring, in which the rotor is housed; and an elastic device for urging the adjustment ring to a position of maximum eccentricity relative to the rotor; the pump having a first sliding member connected to the adjusting ring and fluid-tight sliding in a first chamber hydraulically connected to a supply line of the pump; and a second slide member connected to the adjustment ring and fluid-tight sliding in a second chamber hydraulically connected to a supply line of the pump; wherein the first sliding part is connected to the adjusting ring on the side opposite the elastic device and the second sliding part; and the second chamber is smaller than the first chamber and has an outlet opening formed in a side wall on which the second sliding part slides.

From EP 1 436 509 B1 a variable capacity vane pump is known which comprises: a body having a cavity in which it can move; a moving ring inside which is located; a hub which can rotate about a fixed axis and which is provided with vanes which in rotation bear against the inside of the movable ring; Displacement means for displacing the movable ring according to a control pressure between a central position on the rotational axis of the hub and a predefined end position eccentric with respect to the axis of rotation of the hub, the means for displacing the movable ring having a recess formed in the wall of the cavity of the body is provided, and a projection which is formed on the outside of the movable ring and serves to slide into the recess of the cavity of the body, such that a control chamber is formed, in which the control pressure is exerted ; a return spring which places the movable ring in its eccentric end position, wherein the return spring is preferably is arranged relative to the recess and the projection on the other side; a guide member for guiding the movable ring in the cavity of the body; wherein the guide member is formed of two walls disposed on the outer surface of the movable ring with respect to the projection on the other side, parallel to each other and parallel to the side edges of the projection, the walls serving to engage in a corresponding recess slide, which is provided in the wall of the cavity of the body, and that the housing and the movable ring are dimensioned such that the component is as low as possible perpendicular to the movement of the ring of the resultant of the forces acting on the movable ring without necessarily being zero, whereby the balance of the forces is established by the part of the projection arranged on the side of the conveyor zone and the corresponding part of its recess and / or the guide wall arranged on the side of the conveyor zone, and the corresponding part of the guide recess more or less offset to the conveying zone, so the portion of the ring in contact with the conveying zone is more or less large.

From EP 1 043 504 A2, a variable volume vane pump is known, having the following design: in a rotor, vanes are movably guided in radial slots, the outer ends of the vanes slide in a lifting ring comprising a delivery chamber, a lifting ring is slidable in a housing or pivotally mounted on one side in a stationary bearing of the housing, wherein a spring urges him in the standing state of the rotor in a position of maximum promotion and holds, with the cam ring is an actuator is engaged, the actuating force counteracts the directed to maximum promotion force of the spring with the following features: on the cam engages a pressure element that urges him in the direction - zero promotion - against a sliding bearing in the housing and / or rotatable curve and keeps in engagement with this, the sliding and / or rotatable curve is by means a controlled by a pressure control loop actuator against a setting on de r maximum flow directed force of the spring displaced.

From WO 03/036047 A1, a drive machine designed as a vane machine is known with a housing which forms a housing bore with a prismatic inner wall and a rotatable in the housing bore with the rotor radially slidably guided slides, which abut against the inner wall, wherein between the slides, the rotor and the inner wall vane cells are formed whose volume changes in one revolution of the rotor, a housing-fixed inlet for a drive medium in an inlet region in which the vane cells respectively have a relatively small volume, and an outlet in an outlet region in which the vane cells have a relatively large volume, in which the inner wall in the inlet region is curved substantially cylindrically about the axis of the rotor to at a vane machine defined on the inlet side ratios of the driving Medium, so either burnt fuel or a pressurized working medium to ensure.

The object of the invention is to constructively and / or functionally improve an expansion machine mentioned in the introduction. In particular, improved use of the exhaust heat energy should be made possible. In particular, an expansion engine adapted to vehicle internal combustion engines is to be provided. In particular, a cost-effective expansion machine is to be provided. In particular, an adaptation to changing load conditions of the internal combustion engine should be made possible. In particular, an adaptation to changing exhaust heat energy quantities should be made possible. In particular, an efficiency should be increased. In particular, a mass flow enforced by the expansion machine should be adaptable independently of a rotational speed and / or an eccentricity of the expansion machine.

The object is achieved with an expansion engine for utilizing exhaust gas energy of an internal combustion engine, the expansion engine having at least one inlet and at least one outlet, wherein the expansion machine has an adjusting device for adjusting control times of the inlet and / or the outlet.

The expansion engine may be for use of exhaust energy of an internal combustion engine of a vehicle. The vehicle may be a land vehicle. The vehicle may be a motor vehicle. The vehicle may be a truck. The vehicle may be a commercial vehicle (NFZ). The vehicle may be a passenger car. The vehicle may be a rail vehicle. The expansion sioning machine can serve for the utilization of thermodynamic exhaust gas energy. The expansion engine may serve to convert a portion of an internal exhaust energy to work. The expansion machine can serve to do work. In the expansion engine, an exhaust condition may change approximately adiabatically.

The at least one outlet may have a larger cross section than the at least one inlet. By means of the adjusting device, an inlet opening can be adjusted. By means of the adjusting device, an inlet closing can be adjustable. By means of the adjusting device, an outlet opening can be adjusted. By means of the adjusting device, an outlet closing can be adjustable.

The expansion machine may be designed as a rotary displacement machine. The expansion machine may comprise a stator. The expansion machine may include a rotor. The rotor may be rotatable relative to the stator. The rotor may have a rotation axis. The axis of rotation may be arranged eccentrically with respect to the stator. An eccentricity can be adjustable. The stator may have an inner diameter. The rotor may have an outer diameter. The inner diameter of the stator may be larger than the outer diameter of the rotor. A sickle-like space may be arranged between the stator and the rotor. The rotor may have radial slots. In the radial slots wings can be arranged radially displaceable. The wings can correspond to the inner diameter of the stator with a sliding seal. Alternatively, the expansion machine may be embodied as a reciprocating expansion machine or displacement expansion machine.

The expansion machine may have expansion spaces. The expansion spaces may each be formed between the stator, the rotor and two adjacent blades. During operation of the expansion machine, the rotor may rotate. During operation of the expansion machine, the expansion spaces can continuously increase and decrease again. During operation of the expansion engine, the expansion spaces may sweep the at least one inlet and the at least one outlet regularly. The expansion spaces may sweep the at least one inlet as they increase in size. The expansion areas can at least sweep an outlet as they shrink. During operation of the expansion machine, working medium in the vaporous state can flow through the at least one inlet. During operation of the expansion machine, working medium in the vaporous state can flow out through the at least one outlet. Thus, the expansion machine can enforce a working medium mass flow.

The at least one inlet and the at least one outlet may be radially arranged to the rotor. The adjusting device may have at least one adjusting ring. The at least one adjusting ring can be arranged on the stator side. The at least one adjusting ring may have the at least one inlet and / or the at least one outlet. The adjusting device may have a single adjusting ring. The single adjusting ring may have the at least one inlet and / or the at least one outlet. The adjusting device may have a first adjusting ring. The adjusting device may have a second adjusting ring. The first adjusting ring and the second adjusting ring may have corresponding inlets and outlets. The at least one adjusting ring may be rotatable relative to the stator. The at least one adjusting ring can be rotated between a first end position and a second end position. The at least one adjusting ring can be adjustable over a range of rotation of about 13 ° to about 33 °, in particular from about 18 ° to about 28 °, in particular of about 23 °.

The at least one inlet and the at least one outlet may be axially disposed to the rotor. The adjusting device may have at least one cover part. The at least one cover part may have the at least one inlet and / or the at least one outlet.

The adjusting device can be continuously or discretely adjustable. The adjusting device may have a controllable actuator device. The actuator device can be controllable depending on the inlet pressure or volume flow / mass flow. The actuator device may have at least one electromechanical, electromagnetic, hydraulic or pneumatic actuator. With the expansion machine according to the invention, an improved utilization of the exhaust heat energy is made possible. An expansion engine adapted to vehicle internal combustion engines is provided. An inexpensive expansion machine is provided. An adaptation to changing load conditions of the internal combustion engine is possible. An adaptation to changing amounts of exhaust heat energy is possible. An efficiency is increased. A mass flow enforced by the expander is adaptable regardless of a speed and / or eccentricity of the expander. The expansion machine according to the invention makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the expansion at a variable pressure level at the inlet. An effective expansion ratio of the expansion machine is changeable. An adjustment may be made from the viewpoint that an optimum expansion ratio for an operation point is established depending on a respective intake pressure and a desired exhaust pressure.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to figures. From this description, further features and advantages.

They show schematically and by way of example:

1 shows a vane expansion machine with a rotatable adjusting ring for adjusting control times in a first adjustment position,

2 a vane cell expansion machine with a rotatable adjusting ring for adjusting control times in a second adjustment position,

3 a vane cell expansion machine with rotatable cover plates for adjusting control times in sectional view,

4 shows a vane cell expansion machine with rotatable cover disks for adjusting control times in a sectional view along the line marked XX in FIG. 3, FIG. FIG. 5 shows a vane cell expansion machine with rotatable cover disks for adjusting control times in a sectional view along the line designated YY in FIG. 3, FIG.

6 a vane cell expansion machine with a rotatable adjusting ring and an electromechanical actuator device,

7 a vane cell expansion machine with a rotatable adjusting ring and an electromagnetic actuator device,

8 a vane cell expansion machine with a rotatable adjusting ring and a hydraulic / pneumatic actuator device,

9 shows a vane expansion machine with two rotatable adjusting rings for adjusting control times in a first adjustment position and

10 shows a vane cell expansion machine with two rotatable adjusting rings for adjusting control times in a second adjustment position.

Fig. 1 shows a vane expansion machine 1 with a rotatable adjusting ring 2 for adjusting control times in a first adjustment position. Fig. 2 shows the vane expansion machine 1 in a second adjustment position.

The vane expansion machine 1 serves to utilize thermodynamic exhaust gas energy of an internal combustion engine in a motor vehicle. With the help of the vane expansion machine 1, a part of the internal exhaust energy can be converted into work via an intermediate CR or ORC process, whereby a media state changes approximately adiabatically and vane cell expansion machine 1 performs work.

The vane expansion machine 1 has a stator. The stator is designed as an adjusting ring 2. The vane expansion machine 1 has a housing 4. The stator / adjusting ring 2 is rotatably arranged in the housing 4. The wings- Cell expansion machine 1 has a rotor 5. The rotor 5 is rotatable relative to the stator / adjusting ring 2 about a rotation axis 6. The axis of rotation 6 is arranged eccentrically with respect to the stator / adjusting ring 2 with an eccentric distance e. The stator / adjusting ring 2 has a cylindrical inner surface. The stator / adjusting ring 2 is arranged concentrically radially inside the housing 4. The stator / adjusting ring 2 has a cylindrical outer surface which corresponds to the inner surface of the housing 4. The stator / adjusting ring 2 has a cylindrical inner surface. The rotor 5 has a cylindrical outer surface. The inner surface of the stator / adjusting ring 2 has a larger diameter than the outer surface of the rotor 5. This results between the stator / adjusting ring 2 and the rotor 5 a sickle-like gap. The rotor 5 has radial slots, such as 7 on. In the radial slots 7 wings, such as 8, arranged radially displaceable. The vanes 8 correspond in a sliding-sealing manner to the inner surface of the stator / adjusting ring 2. The stator / adjusting ring 2 has an inlet 9 and an outlet 10. The inlet 9 and the outlet 10 are arranged radially. The outlet 10 has a larger cross section than the inlet 9. The vane expansion machine 1 has expansion spaces such as 11. The expansion spaces 1 1 are each formed between the inner surface of the stator / adjusting ring 2, the outer surface of the rotor 5 and two adjacent blades 8. During operation of the vane expansion machine 1, the rotor 5 rotates. The expansion spaces 11 constantly increase and decrease, sweeping the inlet 9 as they increase in size, and the outlet 10 as they decrease in size, thus establishing a mass media flow.

The stator / adjusting ring 2 is rotatable relative to the housing 4 between a first end position and a second end position. In the present case, the adjusting ring 2 is rotatable over an adjustment range of approximately 23 °. In Fig. 1, the first end position is shown with a first displacement angle α, in which a large exhaust gas mass flow is enforced. In the present case, the first adjustment angle α is about 35 °. In Fig. 2, the second end position is shown with a second adjustment angle ß, in which a small mass media flow is enforced. In the present case, the second adjustment angle α is about 12 °. The adjusting ring 2 is rotatable between these two end positions, so that an enforced media mass flow is adjustable. Fig. 3 shows a vane expansion machine 1 with rotatable cover plates 12, 13 for adjusting control times in a sectional view. FIG. 4 shows the vane cell expansion machine 1 in a sectional view along the line marked XX in FIG. 3. FIG. 5 shows the vane cell expansion machine 1 in a sectional view along the line labeled YY in FIG. 3. The vane expansion machine 1 has two axial inlets 9. The inlets 9 are arranged axially opposite each other. The vane expansion machine 1 has two axial outlets 10. The outlets 10 are arranged axially opposite each other. The cover plates 12, 13 are arranged axially opposite one another. The cover disks 12, 13 each have an opening 14 associated with an inlet 9 and an opening 10 associated with an outlet 10. A rotation of the cover plates 12, 13 causes an adjustment of the timing. Incidentally, reference is additionally made in particular to FIGS. 1 and 2 and the associated description.

6 shows a vane cell expansion machine 1 with a rotatable stator / adjusting ring 2 and an electromechanical actuator device 1 6. The electromechanical actuator device 16 has an electric motor 17 and a transmission. The gear is formed by means of a screw 18 driven by the electric motor and a toothing 1 9 arranged on the adjusting ring 2. The electric motor 17 can be controlled by means of an electric control device. Incidentally, reference is additionally made in particular to FIGS. 1 and 2 and the associated description.

FIG. 7 shows a vane cell expansion machine 1 with a rotatable adjusting ring 2 and an electromagnetic actuator device 16. The electromagnetic actuator device 16 has two electromagnets 20. At the adjusting ring 2, an armature 21 is arranged. The armature 21 can be attracted by the electromagnet 20 and thus the adjusting ring 2 can be rotated. The electromagnets 20 can be controlled by means of an electrical control device. Incidentally, reference is additionally made in particular to FIGS. 1 and 2 and the associated description.

Fig. 8 shows a vane expansion machine 1 with a rotatable adjusting ring 2 and a hydraulic / pneumatic actuator device 1 6. On the adjusting ring 2, an extension is arranged, which serves as a rotary piston 22. The hydraulic cal / pneumatic actuator 1 6 has two pressure chambers 23. Of the

Swivel piston 22 can be applied starting from the pressure chambers 23 and thus the adjusting ring 2 can be rotated. A pressure in the pressure chambers 23 can be controlled by means of a valve. Incidentally, reference is additionally made in particular to FIGS. 1 and 2 and the associated description.

9 shows a vane cell expansion machine 1 with two rotatable adjusting rings 2, 3 for adjusting control times in a first adjustment position. Fig. 10 shows the vane expansion machine 1 in a second adjustment position. Radially outside of the first adjusting ring 2, the second adjusting ring 3 is arranged. The second adjusting ring 3 has, just like the first adjusting ring 2, an inlet 9 and an outlet 10. The second adjusting ring 3 is rotatable relative to the first adjusting ring 2. Thus, the inlet 9 and the outlet 10 are not only adjustable in their position, but it is also a cross section of the inlet 9 and the outlet 10 adjustable. Incidentally, reference is additionally made in particular to FIGS. 1 and 2 and the associated description.

References Vane expansion machine Adjusting ring, first adjusting ring Second adjusting ring

casing

rotor

axis of rotation

radial slot

wing

inlet

10 outlet

1 1 expansion space

12 cover disc

13 cover disc

14 opening

15 opening

16 actuator device

17 electric motor

18 snail

19 toothing

20 electromagnet

21 anchors

22 swivel pistons

23 pressure room

E eccentric distance

α first adjustment angle

ß second adjustment angle

Claims

claims

1 . Expansion machine (1) for utilizing exhaust energy of an internal combustion engine, the expansion machine (1) having at least one inlet (9) and at least one outlet (10), characterized in that the expansion machine (1) comprises an adjusting device for adjusting the timing of the inlet (9 ) and / or the outlet (10).

2. expansion machine (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the expansion machine (1) is designed as a rotary displacement machine and expansion spaces (1 1), the at least one inlet (9) and the at least one outlet (10) during operation regularly sweep the expansion machine (1).

3. expansion machine (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the expansion machine (1) has a rotor (5) and the at least one inlet (9) and the at least one outlet (10) to the rotor (5) are arranged radially.

4. expansion machine (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adjusting device comprises at least one adjusting ring (2, 3), wherein the at least one adjusting ring (2, 3) the at least one inlet (9) and / or the at least one outlet (10).

5. expansion machine (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adjusting device has a single adjusting ring (2) with the at least one inlet (9) and / or the at least one outlet (10).

6. expansion machine (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adjusting device comprises a first Verstellungs- ring (2) and a second adjusting ring (3) with corresponding inlets (9) and outlets (10).

7. expansion machine (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the expansion machine (1) has a rotor (5) and the at least one inlet (9) and the at least one outlet (10) to the rotor (5) are arranged axially.

8. expansion machine (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adjusting device comprises at least one cover part, wherein the at least one cover part having at least one inlet (9) and / or the at least one outlet (10).

9. expansion machine (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adjusting device is continuously or discretely adjustable.

10. expansion machine (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adjusting device has a controllable Aktua- gate device (1 6).

1 1. Expansion machine according to claim 10, characterized in that the actuator device (16) is controllable inlet pressure dependent.

12. expansion machine (1) according to at least one of claims 10-1, characterized in that the actuator device (1 6) has at least one electromechanical, electromagnetic, hydraulic or pneumatic actuator.