WO2014101326A1 - Molding sand spraying and curing additive manufacturing method - Google Patents
Molding sand spraying and curing additive manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014101326A1 WO2014101326A1 PCT/CN2013/070521 CN2013070521W WO2014101326A1 WO 2014101326 A1 WO2014101326 A1 WO 2014101326A1 CN 2013070521 W CN2013070521 W CN 2013070521W WO 2014101326 A1 WO2014101326 A1 WO 2014101326A1
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- Prior art keywords
- molding sand
- layer
- spray
- additive manufacturing
- sand
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000003110 molding sand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 38
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000000396 iron Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001540 jet deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012778 molding material Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 phenolic aldehyde Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
Definitions
- the present invention is directed to digital additive manufacturing techniques in the field of rapid manufacturing, and in particular to a method of manufacturing a sandblasted solidification additive.
- the so-called digital additive manufacturing technology is a new technology of 3D solid rapid freeform manufacturing. It combines the advantages of computer graphics processing, digital information and control, laser technology, electromechanical technology and material technology.
- Technology originated from the "rapid prototyping" technology that was born in 1988. Rapid prototyping technology uses a new moldless freeforming principle to create 3D solid parts that are shaped using incremental materials. This forming method does not require a mold, eliminating the need for a very lengthy manufacturing process and expensive mold manufacturing costs. It is therefore also known as solid freeform technology or rapid prototyping technology.
- the mold produced by this method has poor gas permeability, and in most cases, it is difficult to satisfy the principle of sequential solidification or uniform solidification of the casting, and it is difficult to reduce or eliminate the internal stress of the casting, so that cracks, deformations, and shrinkage cavities are generated.
- the sand sand jet curing additive manufacturing method provided by the invention is based on the advantages of the mold-free molding manufacturing process in the preparation of the mold, and the sand used in the original sand or mixed with the curing agent and the sand in different meshes are also used.
- the metal material powder for cold iron can be added, and the desired mold can be directly obtained through a reasonable spray curing process.
- the molds manufactured by this process technology have strong adaptability and good gas permeability, and the casts obtained in the later stage have excellent mechanical properties and performance.
- SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is directed to a method for manufacturing a sand-blasting and curing additive to solve the problem that the existing additive manufacturing technology uses the same material and the same type of molding sand, and the mold manufactured by using the same nozzle is ventilated. It is difficult to reduce or eliminate the internal stress of the casting and the castings may have various casting defects such as cracks, deformation and shrinkage.
- the molding sand spray curing additive manufacturing method provided by the present invention can also solve the problem that the prior art cannot simultaneously spray the cold iron.
- the invention provides a molding sand spray curing additive manufacturing method, the main steps thereof comprise:
- the layered information includes mold structure size information, scan path information, different sand materials, and cold iron material information.
- a plurality of nozzles may be used to simultaneously spray a raw sand or a molding sand mixed with a curing agent or a molding material of a different mesh number on a same surface, or in the plurality of nozzles.
- a single nozzle sprays a molding sand separately.
- the iron powder material can be simultaneously sprayed on each layer having cold iron.
- a nozzle for spraying a molding sand, a nozzle for spraying an iron powder material, and a nozzle for spraying an adhesive and a curing agent must each have a dedicated head structure. Further, in the above-described spray-cured additive manufacturing method, the injection device must accurately spray the binder and the curing agent on each layer of sand under the control of the control system.
- moving one layer height is one step thickness of the table or a layer thickness of the head.
- different injection pressures, injection rates, and different scanning speeds may be employed on the same level.
- a binder reaction occurs after the binder and the curing agent are sprayed, and the molding sand in the joint place thereof is solidified together, and the sand in other places is still granular dry sand. After curing one layer, bond the next layer until all layers have been bonded.
- the beneficial effects produced by the technical solution according to the present invention are: obtaining a mold by using the molding sand spray curing additive manufacturing method provided by the present invention, which is a highly integrated flexible manufacturing process, and has a very high spray curing. Efficiency, able to meet the requirements of rapid manufacturing.
- the mold obtained by this method has good adaptability and good gas permeability, and the cast obtained in the later stage has excellent mechanical properties and performance.
- Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of a method of manufacturing a sandblasting curable additive according to the present invention.
- Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the interior of a mold made by the method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the drawings, but the invention may be practiced in various different ways defined and covered by the claims.
- each spray layer contains one or more sand materials or cold iron materials selected from A, B, C or D, and also includes the distribution of one or more sand materials selected. Area and other information;
- control information including scanning path, scanning speed, moving direction and speed of the table, ejection material information, and injection pressure and ejection rate;
- step (5) is repeated before the layer height reaches the D area.
- the iron powder material for cold iron is precisely sprayed at the same time, and the binder (phenolic resin) and the curing agent are precisely sprayed on each layer of sand by the spraying device;
- the table moves one layer height in the Z direction. When the layer height exceeds the D area, the coated sand is precisely sprayed on the surface of the cavity in the B and C areas, and the other areas simultaneously spray the ordinary 40 mesh. Sand, the same use of the spray device to accurately spray the binder (phenolic resin) and curing agent on each layer of sand; (8) Each time a layer is sprayed, the table moves one layer height in the Z direction. When the layer height exceeds the surface of the cavity, it reaches the A area, and the ordinary 20 mesh raw sand is sprayed. The same is used to spray the binder (phenolic aldehyde). Resin) and curing agent are precisely sprayed on each layer of sand;
Abstract
A molding sand spraying and curing additive manufacturing method comprises: designing a three-dimensional CAD model of a casting mould according to a structure of the casting mould, obtaining layered cross-section profile data and layered scan paths according to model data, obtaining information of different original sand materials and cold iron materials through analysis, and finally obtaining layer surface detailed information of each layer and determining control information; selecting a sprayer according to current layer surface information and performing accurate spraying of molding sand or cold iron materials with different materials and meshes along a current layer scan path, while using spraying apparatuses to accurately spray a bonding agent and a curing agent on each layer of molding sand; after spraying of a layer is complete, moving a layer height until the required casting mould is obtained. The casting mould obtained according to the method has high self-adaptability and good air permeability, and a casting obtained later has good mechanical performance and service performance.
Description
一种型砂喷射固化增材制造方法 Method for manufacturing sand sand jet curing additive
技术领域 Technical field
本发明属于快速制造领域中的数字化增材制造技术，具体地涉及一种型砂喷 射固化增材制造方法。 The present invention is directed to digital additive manufacturing techniques in the field of rapid manufacturing, and in particular to a method of manufacturing a sandblasted solidification additive.
背景技术 Background technique
所谓数字化增材制造技术就是一种三维实体快速自由成形制造新技术， 它 综合了计算机的图形处理、 数字化信息和控制、 激光技术、 机电技术和材料技 术等多项高技术的优势，这种新技术起源于 1988年诞生的"快速原型制造"技术。 快速原型技术采用了一种全新的无模具自由成形原理来制造三维实体零件， 它 采用逐渐增加材料的方法成形零件。 这种成形方法不需要模具， 省去了十分冗 长的制造模具过程和昂贵的模具制造成本。 因而又被称为实体自由成形技术或 快速成形技术。 The so-called digital additive manufacturing technology is a new technology of 3D solid rapid freeform manufacturing. It combines the advantages of computer graphics processing, digital information and control, laser technology, electromechanical technology and material technology. Technology originated from the "rapid prototyping" technology that was born in 1988. Rapid prototyping technology uses a new moldless freeforming principle to create 3D solid parts that are shaped using incremental materials. This forming method does not require a mold, eliminating the need for a very lengthy manufacturing process and expensive mold manufacturing costs. It is therefore also known as solid freeform technology or rapid prototyping technology.
近几年来利用快速成形的离散 /堆积原理发展起来的直接铸型制造技术， 省 去了传统工艺的模型， 按照铸型 CAD模型 (包括浇注系统等工艺信息)的几何信 息精确控制造型材料的堆积过程， 直接制造铸型， 属于增材制造技术的一种。 由清华大学研制成功的 PCM(Patternless Casting Modeling)无模铸型制造工艺， 是将 RP理论（快速原型） 引进到树脂砂造型工艺中， 采用轮廓扫描喷射固化工 艺， 实现了无模型铸型的快速制造。 In recent years, the direct mold manufacturing technology developed by the rapid prototyping discrete/stacking principle has eliminated the traditional process model and accurately controlled the accumulation of modeling materials according to the geometric information of the mold CAD model (including the process information such as the gating system). Process, direct manufacturing of molds, is a type of additive manufacturing technology. The PCM (Patternless Casting Modeling) moldless mold manufacturing process successfully developed by Tsinghua University introduces the RP theory (rapid prototyping) into the resin sand molding process, and adopts the contour scanning spray curing process to realize the rapid development of the moldless mold. Manufacturing.
对于快速制造领域中的无模具铸型制造技术在实际生产而言，必须保证能够 制造出满足不同铸件实际需要的铸型。 实际生产中首先根据铸件的机械结构， 制定出合理有效的铸造工艺， 且往往考虑到铸件的不同壁厚以及特殊的结构， 会需要不同型砂材料以及冷铁等来最终制造出所需铸型。 但是目前的增材制造
铸型技术， 一般都是采用同种原砂加固化剂以及相同的喷头来制造铸型。 此种 方法制造出的铸型透气性较差， 且大多数情况很难满足铸件的顺序凝固或者均 匀凝固原则， 进而难以降低或消除铸件的内应力， 以至于会产生裂纹、 变形以 及缩孔缩松等多种铸造缺陷， 最终严重影响铸件的力学性能。 而本发明提供的 型砂喷射固化增材制造方法是在综合利用无模铸型制造工艺在铸型制备方面优 势的基础上， 采用原砂或者混合好固化剂的型砂以及不同目数的型砂， 也可加 上冷铁用金属材料粉末， 通过合理的喷射固化工艺， 直接获得所需铸型。 通过 此种工艺技术制造的铸型， 自适应性强， 透气性好， 后期得到的铸件具备优良 的力学性能和使用性能。 发明内容 本发明旨在提供一种型砂喷射固化增材制造方法， 以解决现有增材制造技 术因采用同种材料以及同种目数的型砂， 且使用相同的喷头所制造的铸型存在 透气性差、 难以降低或消除铸件内应力以及所得铸件会产生裂纹、 变形以及缩 孔缩松等多种铸造缺陷的问题。 另外， 本发明提供的型砂喷射固化增材制造方 法还可以解决现有技术无法同时喷射成形冷铁的问题。 For the moldless mold manufacturing technology in the field of rapid manufacturing, in actual production, it is necessary to ensure that a mold that meets the actual needs of different castings can be manufactured. In actual production, according to the mechanical structure of the casting, a reasonable and effective casting process is firstly developed, and often considering different wall thicknesses and special structures of the castings, different sand materials and cold irons are required to finally produce the required casting mold. But the current additive manufacturing Casting technology, generally using the same kind of raw sand plus curing agent and the same nozzle to make the mold. The mold produced by this method has poor gas permeability, and in most cases, it is difficult to satisfy the principle of sequential solidification or uniform solidification of the casting, and it is difficult to reduce or eliminate the internal stress of the casting, so that cracks, deformations, and shrinkage cavities are generated. A variety of casting defects, such as pine, ultimately affect the mechanical properties of the casting. The sand sand jet curing additive manufacturing method provided by the invention is based on the advantages of the mold-free molding manufacturing process in the preparation of the mold, and the sand used in the original sand or mixed with the curing agent and the sand in different meshes are also used. The metal material powder for cold iron can be added, and the desired mold can be directly obtained through a reasonable spray curing process. The molds manufactured by this process technology have strong adaptability and good gas permeability, and the casts obtained in the later stage have excellent mechanical properties and performance. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is directed to a method for manufacturing a sand-blasting and curing additive to solve the problem that the existing additive manufacturing technology uses the same material and the same type of molding sand, and the mold manufactured by using the same nozzle is ventilated. It is difficult to reduce or eliminate the internal stress of the casting and the castings may have various casting defects such as cracks, deformation and shrinkage. In addition, the molding sand spray curing additive manufacturing method provided by the present invention can also solve the problem that the prior art cannot simultaneously spray the cold iron.
本发明提供的一种型砂喷射固化增材制造方法， 其主要步骤包括： The invention provides a molding sand spray curing additive manufacturing method, the main steps thereof comprise:
( 1 ) 建立铸型的三维实体模型， 即首先确定工艺参数， 如选取最优加工方 向、 设计浇注系统等， 然后根据产品 /零件的 CAD模型设计出铸型的三维 CAD 模型； (1) Establish a three-dimensional solid model of the mold, that is, first determine the process parameters, such as selecting the optimal processing direction, designing the gating system, etc., and then designing the 3D CAD model of the mold according to the CAD model of the product/part;
(2)对铸型 CAD三维模型进行离散化处理， 得到分层截面轮廓数据和分层 扫描路径； (2) Discretizing the three-dimensional model of the mold CAD to obtain the layered profile data and the layered scan path;
(3 ) 分析铸型得出每层不同型砂材料和冷铁材料信息， 获得每层的详细层
面信息， 并由其确定出精确的控制信息； (3) Analyze the mold to obtain information on different types of sand materials and cold iron materials for each layer, and obtain detailed layers of each layer. Surface information, and the precise control information is determined by it;
( 4 ) 根据当前层面详细信息选择合适喷头， 沿当前层扫描路径进行不同型 砂材料 （或者冷铁材料） 精准喷射， 然后再选择粘结剂和固化剂的喷头将粘结 剂和固化剂精准地喷射在每一层型砂上； (4) Select the appropriate nozzle according to the current level of detailed information, carry out precise injection of different sand materials (or cold iron materials) along the current layer scanning path, and then select the binder and curing agent nozzle to accurately bond the binder and curing agent. Sprayed on each layer of sand;
( 5 ) 一层喷射固化完毕后， 移动一个层高； (5) After a layer of spray is cured, move one layer high;
( 6 ) 重复步骤 （4 ) 〜 （5 )， 直至整个铸型喷射固化完成； (6) Repeat steps (4) to (5) until the entire mold is cured by spraying;
( 7 ) 清理出未固化的干砂， 得到所需铸型。 (7) Clean out the uncured dry sand to obtain the desired mold.
进一步地， 在上述喷射固化增材制造方法中， 分层面信息包含铸型结构尺寸 信息、 扫描路径信息、 不同型砂材料以及冷铁材料信息。 Further, in the above-described spray-cured additive manufacturing method, the layered information includes mold structure size information, scan path information, different sand materials, and cold iron material information.
进一步地， 在上述喷射固化增材制造方法中， 在同一层面上可以由多个喷头 将原砂或者混合好固化剂的型砂或者不同目数的型砂材料同时喷射， 或是所述 多个喷头中的单个喷头单独喷射一种型砂。 Further, in the above-described method for manufacturing a spray-cured additive, a plurality of nozzles may be used to simultaneously spray a raw sand or a molding sand mixed with a curing agent or a molding material of a different mesh number on a same surface, or in the plurality of nozzles. A single nozzle sprays a molding sand separately.
进一步地， 在上述喷射固化增材制造方法中， 在同一层面上可以同时喷射不 同种类的粘结剂和固化剂。 Further, in the above-described spray-cured additive manufacturing method, different kinds of binders and curing agents can be simultaneously sprayed on the same layer.
进一步地， 在上述喷射固化增材制造方法中， 如果铸型需要冷铁， 则在具有 冷铁的各层面上可以同时喷射铁粉材料。 Further, in the above-described method for producing a spray-cured additive, if the mold requires cold iron, the iron powder material can be simultaneously sprayed on each layer having cold iron.
进一步地， 上述喷射固化增材制造方法中， 喷射型砂的喷头、 喷射铁粉材料 的喷头以及喷射粘结剂和固化剂的喷头都必须采用专用的喷头结构。 进一步地， 在上述喷射固化增材制造方法中， 喷射装置在控制系统操控下 必须将粘结剂和固化剂精准地喷射在每一层型砂上。 Further, in the above-described method for producing a spray-cured additive, a nozzle for spraying a molding sand, a nozzle for spraying an iron powder material, and a nozzle for spraying an adhesive and a curing agent must each have a dedicated head structure. Further, in the above-described spray-cured additive manufacturing method, the injection device must accurately spray the binder and the curing agent on each layer of sand under the control of the control system.
进一步地， 在上述喷射固化增材制造方法中， 移动一个层高是工作台下降一 个层厚或喷头上升一个层厚。
进一步地， 在上述喷射固化增材制造方法中， 在同一层面上可以分别采用不 同的喷射压力、 喷射速率以及不同的扫描速度。 进一步地， 在上述喷射固化增材制造方法中， 粘结剂与固化剂喷射后会发生 胶联反应， 且其共同作用地方的型砂会被固化在一起， 其他地方型砂仍为颗粒 态干砂。 固化完一层后再粘接下一层， 直至所有层面全部粘结完成。 综上所述： 根据本发明的技术方案所产生的有益效果是： 采用本发明提供 的型砂喷射固化增材制造方法获得铸型， 是集成度很高的柔性制造过程， 具有 非常高的喷射固化效率， 能够满足快速制造的要求。 通过此种方法获得的铸型， 自适应性强， 透气性好， 后期得到的铸件具备优良的力学性能和使用性能。 附图说明 构成本发明的一部分的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解， 本发明的示 意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明， 并不构成对本发明的不当限定。 在附图 中： 图 1为本发明的型砂喷射固化增材制造方法的工艺流程图。 图 2 为采用本发明方法制造的铸型内部截面示意图。 具体实施例 以下结合附图对本发明的实施例进行详细说明， 但是本发明可以由权利要 求限定和覆盖的多种不同方式实施。 Further, in the above-described spray-cured additive manufacturing method, moving one layer height is one step thickness of the table or a layer thickness of the head. Further, in the above-described spray-cured additive manufacturing method, different injection pressures, injection rates, and different scanning speeds may be employed on the same level. Further, in the above-mentioned method for manufacturing a spray-cured additive, a binder reaction occurs after the binder and the curing agent are sprayed, and the molding sand in the joint place thereof is solidified together, and the sand in other places is still granular dry sand. After curing one layer, bond the next layer until all layers have been bonded. In summary, the beneficial effects produced by the technical solution according to the present invention are: obtaining a mold by using the molding sand spray curing additive manufacturing method provided by the present invention, which is a highly integrated flexible manufacturing process, and has a very high spray curing. Efficiency, able to meet the requirements of rapid manufacturing. The mold obtained by this method has good adaptability and good gas permeability, and the cast obtained in the later stage has excellent mechanical properties and performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in FIG. In the drawings: Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of a method of manufacturing a sandblasting curable additive according to the present invention. Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the interior of a mold made by the method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the drawings, but the invention may be practiced in various different ways defined and covered by the claims.
为了清楚地表达出本发明的多金属液态喷射沉积增材制造方法步骤特点， 以下列举一个铸型包含多种型砂材料以及冷铁的型砂喷射固化增材制造实施 例。 In order to clearly express the step features of the method for producing a multi-metal liquid jet deposition additive of the present invention, an embodiment of a molding sand-jet-cured additive material comprising a plurality of molding sand materials and cold iron is exemplified below.
( 1 ) 根据铸件结构， 确定出工艺参数， 然后建立铸型的三维实体 CAD模
型如图 2所示； (1) According to the structure of the casting, determine the process parameters, and then establish a three-dimensional solid CAD model of the mold Type is shown in Figure 2;
(2) 对铸型 CAD三维模型进行离散化处理， 即将三维实体模型沿 Z方向 分成可加工单层厚度的层状模型， 得到 X-Y平面方向的分层截面轮廓数据和分 层扫描路径； (2) Discretizing the 3D model of the mold CAD, that is, dividing the 3D solid model into a layered model capable of processing a single layer thickness in the Z direction, and obtaining the layered profile data and the layered scan path in the X-Y plane direction;
(3 )分析每个层， 得到每个喷射层既包含选择 A、 B、 C或 D中的一种或多 种型砂材料或者冷铁材料， 也包含所选用一种或多种型砂材料的分布区域等信 息； (3) analyzing each layer to obtain that each spray layer contains one or more sand materials or cold iron materials selected from A, B, C or D, and also includes the distribution of one or more sand materials selected. Area and other information;
(4)获得每层的详细层面信息， 然后确定出控制信息， 控制信息包括扫描 路径、 扫描速度、 工作台的运动方向和速度、 喷射材料信息以及喷射压力和喷 射速率等； (4) obtaining detailed level information of each layer, and then determining control information including scanning path, scanning speed, moving direction and speed of the table, ejection material information, and injection pressure and ejection rate;
(5 )在控制系统操控下， 根据当前层面信息选择合适的喷头沿当前层扫描 路径进行喷射， 如图 2中最底层先喷射普通 20目原砂， 然后利用喷射装置将粘 结剂 （酚醛树脂） 和固化剂精准地喷射在每层型砂上； (5) Under the control of the control system, select the appropriate nozzle according to the current layer information to spray along the current layer scanning path, as shown in Figure 2, the first 20 mesh original sand is sprayed first, and then the binder is used to spray the binder (phenolic resin). And the curing agent is precisely sprayed on each layer of sand;
(6) 每喷射完一层， 工作台沿 Z方向移动一个层髙， 在层高到达 D区域 之前， 重复步骤（5 )。 当层高到达 D区域之后， 同时精准喷射冷铁用铁粉材料， 同样再利用喷射装置将粘结剂 （酚醛树脂） 和固化剂精准地喷射在每一层型砂 上； (6) Each time a layer is sprayed, the table moves one layer 沿 in the Z direction, and step (5) is repeated before the layer height reaches the D area. When the layer height reaches the D area, the iron powder material for cold iron is precisely sprayed at the same time, and the binder (phenolic resin) and the curing agent are precisely sprayed on each layer of sand by the spraying device;
(7 ) 每喷射完一层， 工作台沿 Z方向移动一个层高， 当层高超过 D区域 之后， 在 B和 C区域的型腔表面精准喷射覆膜砂， 其他区域同时喷射普通 40 目原砂， 同样再利用喷射装置将粘结剂 （酚醛树脂） 和固化剂精准地喷射在每 一层型砂上；
(8)每喷射完一层， 工作台沿 Z方向移动一个层高， 当层高超过型腔表面 之后即达到 A区域， 喷射普通 20目原砂， 同样再利用喷射装置将粘结剂（酚醛 树脂） 和固化剂精准地喷射在每一层型砂上； (7) Each time a layer is sprayed, the table moves one layer height in the Z direction. When the layer height exceeds the D area, the coated sand is precisely sprayed on the surface of the cavity in the B and C areas, and the other areas simultaneously spray the ordinary 40 mesh. Sand, the same use of the spray device to accurately spray the binder (phenolic resin) and curing agent on each layer of sand; (8) Each time a layer is sprayed, the table moves one layer height in the Z direction. When the layer height exceeds the surface of the cavity, it reaches the A area, and the ordinary 20 mesh raw sand is sprayed. The same is used to spray the binder (phenolic aldehyde). Resin) and curing agent are precisely sprayed on each layer of sand;
(9)每喷射完一层， 工作台沿 Z方向移动一个层高， 逐层喷射， 直至整个 铸型全部喷射固化完成； (9) Each time a layer is sprayed, the table moves one layer height in the Z direction, and is sprayed layer by layer until the entire mold is completely sprayed and solidified;
( 10) 清理出未固化的干砂， 得到所需铸型。 (10) Clean out the uncured dry sand to obtain the desired mold.
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已， 并不用于限制本发明， 对于本领 域的技术人员来说， 本发明可以有各种更改和变化。 凡在本发明的精神和原则 之内， 所作的任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等， 均应包含在本发明的保护范围之 内。
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes can be made to the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and scope of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims
1、 一种型砂喷射固化增材制造方法， 其特征在于包括以下步骤： 1. A sand spray solidification additive manufacturing method, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(a)根据铸件结构设计铸型， 即首先确定工艺参数， 如选取最优加工方向、 设计浇注系统等， 然后将铸件的 CAD模型转换成铸型的三维 CAD模型； (a) Design the casting mold according to the casting structure, that is, first determine the process parameters, such as selecting the optimal processing direction, designing the gating system, etc., and then convert the CAD model of the casting into a three-dimensional CAD model of the casting mold;
(b)对铸型的三维 CAD模型进行离散化处理， 得到分层截面轮廓数据和分层 扫描路径； (b) Discretize the three-dimensional CAD model of the casting mold to obtain layered cross-sectional profile data and layered scanning paths;
(c)分析铸型得出每层不同型砂材料和冷铁材料信息， 获得每层的详细层面 信息， 并由其确定出精确的控制信息； (c) Analyze the casting mold to obtain information on different molding sand materials and cold iron materials for each layer, obtain detailed information on each layer, and determine accurate control information from it;
(d)根据当前层面信息选择合适喷头， 沿当前层扫描路径进行不同型砂材料 (或者冷铁材料） 的精准喷射， 然后再选择粘结剂和固化剂的喷头将粘结剂和 固化剂精准的喷射在每一层型砂上； (d) Select the appropriate nozzle based on the current layer information, accurately spray different molding sand materials (or cold iron materials) along the current layer scanning path, and then select the binder and curing agent nozzle to accurately spray the binder and curing agent. Spray on each layer of molding sand;
(e)—层喷射固化完毕后， 移动一个层高； (e) After the layer is sprayed and solidified, move one layer height;
(f)重复步骤 （d ) 〜 （e )， 直至整个铸型喷射固化完成； (f) Repeat steps (d) ~ (e) until the entire mold is spray solidified;
(g)清理出未固化的干砂， 得到所需铸型。 (g) Clean out the uncured dry sand to obtain the required casting mold.
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种型砂喷射固化增材制造方法， 其特征在于， 分层 面信息包含铸型结构尺寸信息、 扫描路径信息、 不同型砂材料以及冷铁材料信 息。 2. A molding sand spray solidification additive manufacturing method according to claim 1, characterized in that the layered surface information includes casting mold structure size information, scanning path information, different molding sand materials and cold iron material information.
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种型砂喷射固化增材制造方法， 其特征在于， 在同 一层面上可以由多个喷头将原砂或者混合好固化剂的型砂或者不同目数的型砂 材料同时喷射， 或是所述多个喷头中的单个喷头单独喷射一种型砂。 3. A molding sand spray curing additive manufacturing method according to claim 1, characterized in that multiple nozzles can be used to simultaneously spray raw sand or molding sand mixed with curing agent or molding sand materials of different mesh sizes on the same level. Injection, or a single nozzle among the plurality of nozzles individually injects a type of molding sand.
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种型砂喷射固化增材制造方法， 其特征在于， 在同 一层面上可以同时喷射不同种类的粘结剂和固化剂。 4. A molding sand spray solidification additive manufacturing method according to claim 1, characterized in that different types of binders and curing agents can be sprayed simultaneously on the same layer.
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种型砂喷射固化增材制造方法， 其特征在于， 如果
铸型需要冷铁， 则在具有冷铁的各层面上可以同时喷射铁粉材料。 5. A molding sand spray solidification additive manufacturing method according to claim 1, characterized in that, if If the casting mold requires chilled iron, iron powder materials can be sprayed simultaneously on all levels with chilled iron.
6、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种型砂喷射固化增材制造方法， 其特征在于， 喷射 型砂的喷头、 喷射铁粉材料的喷头以及喷射粘结剂和固化剂的喷头都必须采用 专用的喷头结构。 6. A molding sand spray solidification additive manufacturing method according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzles for spraying molding sand, the nozzles for spraying iron powder materials, and the nozzles for spraying binders and curing agents must use special nozzles. structure.
7、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种型砂喷射固化增材制造方法， 其特征在于， 喷射 装置在控制系统操控下必须将粘结剂和固化剂精准地喷射在每一层型砂上。 7. A molding sand spray solidification additive manufacturing method according to claim 1, characterized in that the spraying device must accurately spray the binder and curing agent on each layer of molding sand under the control of the control system.
8、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种型砂喷射固化增材制造方法， 其特征在于， 在上 述喷射固化增材制造方法中， 移动一个层高是工作台下降一个层厚或喷头上升 一个层厚。 8. A molding sand spray curing additive manufacturing method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the above spray curing additive manufacturing method, moving one layer height means that the workbench lowers one layer thickness or the nozzle moves up one layer thickness. .
9、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种型砂喷射固化增材制造方法， 其特征在于， 在同 一层面上可以分别采用不同的喷射压力、 喷射速率以及不同的扫描速度。 9. A molding sand spray solidification additive manufacturing method according to claim 1, characterized in that different injection pressures, injection rates and different scanning speeds can be used on the same layer.
10、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种型砂喷射固化增材制造方法， 其特征在于， 粘结 剂与固化剂喷射后会发生胶联反应， 且其共同作用的地方型砂会被固化在一起， 其他地方型砂仍为颗粒态干砂。 固化完一层后再粘接下一层， 直至所有层面全 部粘结完成。
10. A molding sand spray curing additive manufacturing method according to claim 1, characterized in that a glue reaction will occur after the binder and curing agent are sprayed, and the molding sand will be solidified together where they work together. The molding sand in other places is still granular dry sand. After one layer is cured, the next layer is bonded until all layers are bonded.
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