WO2013104704A1

WO2013104704A1 - Method for the production of a hologram for coupling illumination light out of a light guiding layer of an optical waveguide

Info

Publication number: WO2013104704A1
Application number: PCT/EP2013/050382
Authority: WO
Inventors: Gerald FÜTTERER; Grigory Lazarev
Original assignee: Seereal Technologies S.A.
Priority date: 2012-01-11
Filing date: 2013-01-10
Publication date: 2013-07-18

Abstract

Disclosed is a method for producing a hologram (2) for coupling illumination light (3) out of the light guiding layer (11) of an optical waveguide (4), in particular a planar optical waveguide. Said method, in which holographic recording material (1), in particular a photopolymer layer, is exposed to exposure light (5, 6), is characterized in that during the exposure process, at least some of the exposure light (5) is directed through the optical waveguide (4) to the holographic recording material (1).

Description

Method for producing a hologram for coupling out illumination light from a light-guiding layer of an optical waveguide

The invention relates to a method in the production of a hologram for coupling out illumination light from a light guiding layer of a, in particular planar, optical waveguide, wherein an exposure of holographic recording material, in particular a

Photopolymer layer, carried out with exposure light.

The invention also relates to an optical device for illuminating a pixel matrix and / or a controllable spatial light modulator for a display, in particular a stereoscopic or holographic 3D display, wherein the optical device comprises a

Optical waveguide and a hologram for coupling out illumination light from the

Has light guide layer of the optical waveguide.

Moreover, the invention relates to an optical arrangement, in particular a display, in particular a stereoscopic or holographic 3D display, with such an optical device.

Displays with planar, planar light guides for backlighting a pixel matrix or a controllable, spatial light modulator are known in different embodiments. The use of a planar light guide for backlighting has the particular advantage that it can be made flat. The coupled into the planar light guide light is reflected at the interfaces of the light guide by total internal reflection and can thus propagate in the light guide. To decouple each part of the im

Optical fibers propagating light in the direction of a pixel matrix, such as an LCD matrix, for example, impurities or a decoupling grid may be provided at one of the interfaces. In the following, the term "light guide" is used synonymously with the term "optical waveguide".

From WO 2004/109380 A1 is a scanning backlighting device for a

Flat display known. In this device, the light is reflected by matrix-like LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) by means of a cylindrical mirror in the thick end of a wedge-shaped, substantially flat light guide. Of the light propagating in the optical waveguide, in each case a part is coupled out with the aid of a prismatic foil to illuminate an LCD element.

A device of the aforementioned type, in which a holographic decoupling grid is provided, is known, for example, from the scientific publication "Short period holographic structures for backlight display applications", Roberto Caputo et al., OPTICS

EXPRESS 10540, Vol. 15, no. 17, known. US 2004/0246743 A1 also discloses a backlight device for a flat display, which has a planar optical waveguide plate with a surface hologram. It is envisaged that the light of a light source propagates in the optical waveguide plate on the basis of total internal reflection and in each case a part of the light is coupled out with the surface hologram. To produce the planar hologram, the optical waveguide plate is first coated with a photosensitive material. Subsequently, the photosensitive material is exposed with two light beams, which meet at different angles of incidence on the photosensitive material and interfere there. Subsequently, developing or chemically treating the photosensitive material takes place. In order to achieve different Auskoppeleigenschaften at different locations, for example, is provided on the

Optical waveguide plate to apply different patterns with rectangular holograms different lattice constant. In general, the wave fields can vary locally with respect to the intensity and direction of the wavefront normal.

It is the object of the present invention to provide a method which makes it possible to impose holograms for coupling out illumination light from the light-guiding layer of a, in particular planar, optical waveguide during their production of special optical structures, in particular optical structures which are not merely an exclusive

Coupling of the illumination effect, but give the decoupled illumination light - depending on the application - special additional optical properties.

The object is achieved by a method of the type mentioned, thereby

characterized in that at least a portion of the exposure light is directed during the exposure through the optical waveguide to the holographic recording material in order to produce or to register the hologram in the holographic recording material.

According to the invention, it has been recognized that it is advantageous for a number of lighting situations when the coupled-out illumination light has optical properties adapted to the relevant lighting situation. For example, it is with displays that for

Producing a holographic 3D reconstruction are provided, if the decoupled illumination light, with which a pixel matrix or a controllable spatial light modulator is illuminated, having spherical wavefronts, although that in the

having corresponding optical waveguide coupled, preferably coherent, light-level wavefronts. In this way, an image of the light source or a focusing of the light of the light source in a plane at which a user can be located de facto, wherein the radius of curvature of the wavefronts substantially corresponds to the viewer distance to the controllable spatial light modulator. For example, such an effect with those known from the prior art

To achieve devices would have - if at all possible - elaborate additional optics integrated into the lighting device or subordinate to this. The inventive method makes it possible to dispense with such additional optical components, because the hologram corresponding optical properties, such as lens properties, can already be impressed during production.

In this case, it was in particular recognized that the holograms to be produced can be impressed in a particularly simple and high-quality manner if, for the exposure, the light paths are used at least in part, which later absorbs the illumination light. In this case it can be provided that the exposure light propagates in the same direction as later the illumination light. However, depending on the application, as will be shown in more detail below, it may also be advantageous if the exposure light follows the later illumination light path in the opposite direction.

The fact that according to the invention the exposure light is directed not only from the free half space on the holographic recording material, but also from the side of the

When recording material is hit on which the optical waveguide is located, interference patterns can be generated during the exposure which can not be generated with the production methods known from the prior art.

Holograms produced by the method according to the invention are particularly suitable for decoupling, in particular coherent, illumination light from an optical waveguide, which has a light-guiding layer in the illumination light, in particular according to the principle of total internal reflection, between two substantially opposite one another

Reflecting surfaces is guided. However, it is also conceivable that the hologram itself forms one of the reflection surfaces and additionally acts as decoupling means, which in each case decouples a part of the light striking the reflection surface from the light guide.

In a particular embodiment it is provided that the holographic recording material is attached directly to the optical waveguide before exposure and / or that a

Decoupling side of an optical waveguide before exposure to the holographic

Recording material, especially over the entire surface, is coated. The coating can

especially in the way that the recording material is provided as a layer on a support layer and the carrier layer-free side by gluing or by their own

Adhesive forces is connected to the optical waveguide. After connecting, the

Carrier layer are removed.

By way of derogation may also be provided that the holographic recording material after the exposure and / or after the complete production of the hologram is attached directly to the optical waveguide and / or that a decoupling side of an optical waveguide after exposure to the exposed holographic recording material, in particular over the entire surface is coated.

In particular, for decoupling applications in which the decoupled illumination light to have spherical wavefronts, it is advantageous if the optical waveguide and the holographic recording material are spent relative to each other for the exposure in an exposure position, which differs from the later relative position of the two components (z. B. in the lighting position) differs.

For example, it can be provided that the optical waveguide and the holographic

Recording material relative to each other for the exposure are spent in an exposure position, which differs from the subsequent illumination position in which the two components are spent after exposure, characterized in that the optical waveguide relative to the holographic recording material in each case rotated by 180 ° about two mutually perpendicular axes becomes. In particular, it can be provided that the optical waveguide and the

holographic recording material after exposure relative to each other at a different exposure position from the exposure position such that the light path for the illumination light or the propagation direction of the illumination light in the illumination position corresponds to the reverse light path for the exposure light or opposite to the propagation direction of the exposure light in the exposure position, and / or that the beam paths for the illumination light and the exposure light are at least partially mirror-symmetrical to each other.

By such embodiments it can be achieved that the illumination light running on the inverted and / or mirrored light path converges, because at least part of the light used for the exposure has previously been divergent.

In the production of such a hologram, preferably a divergent one runs

Exposure beam, which is brought into interference with another exposure light beam through the two reflection surfaces through to the holographic

Receiving material. In the lighting position, the decoupled illumination light follows the inverted - ie convergent - light path, which has the consequence that with plane

Wavefront coupled into the optical waveguide light after its coupling has spherical wavefronts. In particular, it can be provided that the recording material is exposed in such a way that the resulting transmission hologram has different coupling-out angles at different points, in particular increasing towards the edge Auskoppelwinkel has.

In particular, it may be provided that the hologram is produced as a transmission hologram and / or as a holographic grating, in particular a holographic volume grating. In addition, it can be provided that further optical components or functions are also imprinted in the hologram. By way of example, it is also possible to imprint a reflection grating which ensures that part of the illumination light incident on the hologram from the light-guiding layer is reflected back into the light-guiding layer. It is also possible to form the hologram for decoupling as a reflection grating that reflects from the light guide layer incident on the hologram illumination light at an angle such that it passes through the light guide layer by the other reflection layer of the optical waveguide, for example, because the critical angle of total reflection is exceeded exit.

In a particular embodiment, it is provided that the optical waveguide, a

Has light guide layer, in the illumination light, in particular according to the principle of total internal reflection, between two substantially opposite one another

Reflecting surface is feasible, and that the holographic recording material is attached to a, in particular based on the principle of total internal reflection reflection surface of the optical waveguide and that at least a portion of the exposure light is directed during exposure through the other reflection surface through to the holographic recording material.

Alternatively or additionally, the optical waveguide can also be provided

Light guiding layer, in the illumination light, in particular according to the principle of total internal reflection, between two substantially opposite one another

Reflecting surfaces is feasible and that at least a portion of the exposure light during exposure through a different from the reflection surface coupling surface, in particular a front side of the optical waveguide is directed through to the holographic recording material and / or that the optical waveguide Einkopplungsstelle for coupling the

Having illumination light and that at least a portion of the exposure light is directed during the exposure through the coupling-in point to the holographic recording material. In such embodiments, the resulting hologram is particularly well suited to the propagation direction and the optical properties of, in particular coherent,

Matched illumination light, because this propagates along the same light path, as at least a part of the exposure light used in the production of the hologram.

In one embodiment, producing highly accurate holograms During exposure, first exposure light is directed through two reflection surfaces to the holographic recording material while at the same time second exposure light coherent with the first exposure light passes through a coupling location of the optical waveguide for the illumination light to the holographic

Guided recording material. In this case, advantageously, the first illumination light and the second illumination light originate from the same light source in order to achieve the coherence necessary for generating a stable interference pattern.

In particular, in order to additionally impose a lens characteristic on the hologram, as already mentioned, it can be provided that at least part of the exposure light has a curved, in particular spherical, wavefront in the region in which it acts on the holographic recording material. For the same purpose, it may alternatively or additionally be provided that the recording material is embodied and exposed in such a way that when the illumination light with a planar wavefront is coupled in, the coupled-out illumination light has a spherical wavefront. In this case, the illumination light could be coherent.

The exposure can, for example, be carried out sequentially in several exposure steps. In particular, it is also possible for the exposure to take place sequentially in a plurality of exposure steps, wherein the position and / or orientation of the optical waveguide, together with the holographic recording material, is changed between the exposure steps. In this case, provision can be made, in particular, for the position and / or orientation of the optical waveguide, together with the holographic recording material, to be changed between the exposure steps, while the position and / or orientation of at least one exposure light source or

Exposure light source images, preferably all exposure light sources, and / or the exposure beam path remains unchanged. In other words, that remains on the

holographic recording material directed illumination light field unchanged.

The recording material can be detached from a carrier film and applied to the optical waveguide in order to avoid possibly interfering influences of the carrier film during the exposure process. For this purpose, for example, the holographic recording material together with the carrier film can be applied to the optical waveguide. Subsequently, the carrier film can be detached from the holographic recording material, in which case the holographic

Recording material and the carrier film should be designed such that the attractive force between the optical waveguide and holographic recording material is greater than that

Attraction between holographic recording material and carrier film. In particular, for multi-color applications, ie for applications in which the illumination light has different components, each with different wavelengths, the hologram advantageously have a plurality of individual holograms for the individual components of the illumination light. In particular, the hologram can advantageously be produced as a hologram for the three primary colors (red, green, blue), that is to say as an RGB hologram. In particular for this purpose it can be provided that a stack of at least two spectral. As recording material

different sensitive layers, in particular photopolymer layers, is prepared, wherein an exposure of the individual layers (simultaneously or sequentially) preferably takes place after the production of the stack. The subsequent exposure of a previously prepared

Layer stack has the particular advantage that a complex subsequent

Stacking already finished single holograms and introduced by the process of the necessary bonding of the fully exposed single holograms mechanical

Tensions and deformations is avoided.

After the production of a film stack formed as recording material, the

Exposing the individual layers of the stack are each carried out with exposure light having a wavelength for which the respective layer is sensitive. It is particularly advantageous if the layers each consist of recording material which is insensitive to exposure for as long as it is not activated. In particular, it can be provided that the recording material can be activated in each case by applying light which has at least one activation dose. In this way it can be ensured that only the layer which is to be exposed is reliably exposed. This is because that

Exposure light intended for one layer is unable to activate an adjacent layer.

It may be provided, in particular, that a stack of at least two spectrally differently sensitive layers, in particular photopolymer layers, is produced as the recording material, the next layer being first applied to the stack and then a carrier film connected to this layer being removed.

An optical device for illuminating a pixel matrix and / or a controllable spatial light modulator for a display, in particular a stereoscopic or

A holographic 3D display, wherein the optical device comprises an optical waveguide and a manufactured according to the inventive method according to one of claims 1 to 12

Hologram for coupling out illumination light from the light guiding layer of the

Has optical waveguide, among other things, have the advantage that can be largely dispensed with additional optical components for guiding and / or focusing the decoupled illumination light. This is particularly because the hologram, as already described, additional optical properties can be impressed. This allows the optical device for lighting in particular be designed to be particularly flat.

In a particular embodiment of the optical device, the reflection surfaces of the optical waveguide have an angle different from zero degrees with respect to one another. It can be provided in particular that the light-guiding layer of the light guide is wedge-shaped. This has the advantage that the angle of incidence of within the

Light propagation layer propagating light when hitting the reflection layers with increasing number of reflections changed or increased, whereby the probability of a coupling is increased, the further the light is propagated away from the coupling point. This compensates for the fact that the absolute amount of light of the light propagating away from the coupling-in point decreases because light is coupled out with each hitting the hologram. As a result, over the entire outcoupling surface of the light guide is a homogeneous

Output coupling power reached.

Of course, alternatively, it may also be provided that the optical waveguide is a plane

Optical waveguide is and / or that the reflection surfaces of the optical waveguide are aligned parallel to each other. In order to achieve a homogenous decoupling light output over the entire surface of the optical waveguide in such an embodiment, it can be provided that the decoupling degree of the hologram increases away from the coupling-in point. This optical property can also be imprinted into the hologram during production.

As already mentioned, in addition to its coupling-out function, the hologram can be designed to perform further functions. For example, it may be advantageously provided that at least one of the reflection surfaces of the optical waveguide is formed by the hologram and / or that at least one of the reflection surfaces of the optical waveguide is formed as a reflection grating or as a dielectric mirror. However, it can also be provided that one of the reflection surfaces of the optical waveguide is designed as a reflection grating or as a dielectric mirror and wherein the other of the reflection surfaces in the light-guiding layer

(Light guiding layer) light reflected on the principle of total internal reflection.

According to a preferred embodiment, the recording material is formed in such a way and was exposed such that when coupling illumination light with a planar wavefront, the coupled-out illumination light has a spherical wavefront. The illumination light could be coherent.

As already mentioned, an optical arrangement, in particular a display, in particular stereoscopic or holographic 3D display, with an optical device according to the invention according to one of claims 12 to 16 may be installed such that the optical Device directly connected to a pixel matrix and / or a controllable spatial light modulator, in particular glued, is. In a particular embodiment, the optical device is parallel to a pixel matrix and / or a controllable spatial one

Light modulator arranged, in particular glued. The optical device could also be layered. Versions of this type have the very special advantage that on the one hand they can be made particularly compact, in particular particularly flat.

In addition, such embodiments have the advantage that they are particularly stable in themselves, because the individual layers stabilize each other.

In a particularly advantageous manner, the method described here for producing a hologram can be combined with the production method for a hologram, which is described in the applications DE 10 201 1076 945, DE 10 201 1 051 213, DE 10 201 1 084 379 or PCT / EP2012 / 060684 is described. Therefore, the disclosure of these applications is fully incorporated herein.

In the drawing, the subject invention is shown schematically and will be described with reference to the figures below, wherein the same or equivalent elements are usually provided with the same reference numerals. Showing:

1 shows the step of exposing in a first exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention in the production of a hologram for decoupling illumination light from an optical waveguide,

2 the operation of an optical device for illuminating a pixel matrix and / or a controllable spatial light modulator with that after the first

Embodiment produced hologram,

3 shows the step of exposing in a further embodiment of the method according to the invention in the production of a hologram for coupling out illumination light from an optical waveguide and

Fig. 4 shows the operation of an optical device for illuminating a pixel matrix and / or a controllable spatial light modulator with the other

Embodiment produced hologram.

Fig. 1 shows the step of exposing holographic recording material 1 in a first embodiment of the method according to the invention for producing a hologram 2 for coupling out illumination light from an optical waveguide 4, wherein the exposure light 5, 6 is directed to the holographic recording material 1 during the exposure through the optical waveguide 4. An outcoupling side of the optical waveguide 4 was coated over its entire area with the holographic recording material 1 before exposure.

Concretely, the holographic recording material 1 is illuminated with the first exposure light 5 of a first light source image 7 and the exposure light 6 of a second light source image 8. The two light source images 7, 8 are through the same - not here

illustrated - light source, namely a laser generated, which ensures that the first

Exposure light 5 and the second exposure light 6 are coherent with each other to produce in the holographic recording material 1 a time-stable interference pattern for the exposure.

The second exposure light 6 is focused with a lens 9 and reaches the holographic recording material 1 through the two reflection surfaces 10 and the intervening

Light guiding layer 1 1 of the optical waveguide 4 through as a convergent light beam. This serves the purpose of additionally imparting a further optical property to the hologram 2 to be produced, which is produced as a transmission grating, namely the property of coupling the illumination light 3 coupled into the optical waveguide 4 as collimated light in such a way that it converges after the outcoupling (see FIG 2).

As a result, in the later use, for example, for illuminating a (not shown here) pixel matrix and / or a (not shown here) controllable spatial

Light modulator for a display, in particular a stereoscopic or holographic SD display, a correct mapping of an illumination light source 12 reaches a viewer plane 17, which is shown in Figure 2. The decoupled illumination light 3 has spherical wavefronts. FIG. 2 shows an optical device 13 for illuminating a pixel matrix and / or a controllable spatial light modulator for a display, in particular a stereoscopic or holographic 3D display, the optical device comprising the

Has optical waveguide 4 and the hologram 2 produced according to the first embodiment of FIG.

In this embodiment, the optical waveguide 4 and the holographic

Recording material 1 spent relative to each other for the exposure in an exposure position, which is also the lighting position of the two components relative to each other in the later

Use as an optical device 13 is. In such an embodiment, it is therefore advisable to apply the holographic recording material 1 to the optical waveguide 4 before exposure.

Such a method of manufacture is for smaller images of the second exposure light 6, that is for example, for smaller backlight devices simple and relatively inexpensive to carry out. However, in devices for illuminating larger scale, for example for displays with a screen diagonal of 50 cm and more, there is the disadvantage that a very large lens 9 or a comparatively large mirror optics would be required to suit the exposure light 6 diverging from the second light source image focus. Optics in

However, sizes which have a sufficient optical quality to expose a hologram are very expensive to produce and accordingly very expensive.

For the production of larger devices for lighting, therefore, offers the method shown in Figure 3.

In the method shown in FIG. 3, the holographic recording material 1, just as in the method with the first exposure light 5 shown in FIG

Light source image 7 and simultaneously with second exposure light 6 a second

Light source illustration 8 illuminated. In this case, the first exposure light 5 passes through the optical waveguide 4 before it reaches the holographic recording material 1. In this embodiment, the optical waveguide 4 and the holographic

Recording material 1 relative to each other for the exposure in an exposure position, namely the position shown in Figure 3. After exposure, the optical waveguide 4 and the holographic recording material 1 are moved relative to each other in a different illumination position from the exposure position, wherein the exposure position and the

Distinguish illumination position from each other that the optical waveguide 4 is rotated relative to the holographic recording material in each case by 180 ° about two mutually perpendicular axes. With reference to the figures, those shown in FIG. 3 differ

Exposure position and the illumination position shown in Figure 4, characterized in that after exposure, the hologram 2 and the exposed holographic recording material 1 is rotated about a lying in the plane of the vertical axis 15 by 180 ° and that the

Optical waveguide 4 is rotated about a lying in the plane of horizontal axis 16 by 180 °. In order to better illustrate the relative rotation of the optical waveguide 4 to the hologram 2, the optical waveguide 4 has been shown rotated by 180 ° in FIG. 4 about the horizontal axis 16 lying in the plane of the drawing, whereas the hologram 2 is rotated apart from the vertical axis 15. has not experienced any further rotation. It goes without saying that you get to the same relative rotation of the components to each other, if instead of the

Optical waveguide 4, the hologram rotates about the horizontal axis 16 by 180 °.

In the later use, which is shown in Figure 4, the illumination light 3, which was coupled as a collimated light of a light source 12 in the optical waveguide 4, after the Coupling convergent. This is because it follows the light path of the second divergent exposure light 6 in the reverse direction and strikes the hologram 2 within the optical waveguide 4 in each case from the mirrored opposite direction to the first exposure light 5. The underlying principle is to reverse in the direction of reconstruction of one of the recording wave fields in its direction, thus achieving a reversal of the running direction of another, ie the reconstructed wave field.

In order to collimate the light of the light source 12, in both embodiments a

Collimating optics 14 used.

The invention has been described with reference to a particular embodiment. However, it is to be understood that changes and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the following claims.

Claims

claims

1. A method in the manufacture of a hologram (2) for decoupling

Illumination light (3) from a light-guiding layer (1 1) of one, in particular flat,

Optical waveguide (4), wherein an exposure of holographic recording material (1), in particular a photopolymer layer, with exposure light (5, 6), characterized

characterized in that at least a portion of the exposure light (5) is directed through the optical waveguide (4) during exposure to the holographic recording material (1) to produce the hologram (2) in the holographic recording material (1).

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the holographic

Recording material (1) is attached directly to the optical waveguide (4) before exposure and / or that a decoupling side of the optical waveguide (4) prior to exposure to the holographic recording material (1), in particular full-surface, is coated.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the holographic

Recording material (1) after the exposure and / or after the complete production of the hologram is attached directly to the optical waveguide (4) and / or that a

Outcoupling side of the optical waveguide (4) after exposure to the exposed holographic recording material (1), in particular over the entire surface, is coated.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the

Hologram as a transmission hologram and / or as a holographic grating, in particular holographic volume grating is generated.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a of the optical waveguide (4) and the holographic recording material (1) relative

are spent to each other for the exposure in an exposure position and that subsequently the optical waveguide (4) and the holographic

Recording material (1) relative to each other in a different from the exposure position illumination position are spent and / or that b of the optical waveguide (4) and the holographic recording material (1) relative

to each other for the exposure in an exposure position and then that the optical waveguide (4) and the holographic recording material (1) relative to each other in one of the exposure position different illumination position are spent, whereby the exposure position and the illumination position of each other

distinguish that the optical waveguide (4) relative to the holographic

Recording material (1) is rotated about two mutually perpendicular axes in each case by 180 ° and / or that c. the optical waveguide (4) and the holographic recording material (1) relative

are spent for the exposure in an exposure position and that subsequently the optical waveguide (4) and the holographic recording material (1) relative to each other in a different illumination position from the exposure position are spent such that the light path for the illumination light in the illumination position the reverse light path for corresponds to the exposure light in the exposure position and / or that d. the optical waveguide (4) and the holographic recording material (1) relative

to each other for the exposure in an exposure position and that subsequently the optical waveguide (4) and the holographic recording material (1) relative to each other in a different illumination position from the exposure position are spent such that the beam paths for the illumination light (3) and the exposure light ( 5, 6) are at least partially mutually mirror-symmetrical.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the

Optical waveguide (4), a light guide layer (1 1), in the illumination light (3), in particular according to the principle of total internal reflection, between two substantially opposite reflecting surfaces (10) is feasible, and that the holographic recording material (1) a reflection surface (10) of the optical waveguide (4), which operates in particular according to the principle of total internal reflection, and that at least part of the exposure light (3) is directed through the other reflection surface to the holographic recording material (1) during the exposure.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a. the optical waveguide (4) has a light guiding layer (1 1), in which

Illumination light (3), in particular according to the principle of total internal reflection, between two substantially opposite reflecting surfaces (10) is feasible, and that at least a portion of the exposure light (5) during the Exposure by one of the reflection surfaces (10) different coupling surface, in particular a front side of the optical waveguide (4), through to the holographic recording material (1) is directed and / or that b. the optical waveguide (4) a coupling point for coupling the

Having illumination light (3) and that at least a portion of the exposure light (5) is directed to the holographic recording material (1) during the exposure through the point of injection.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the first exposure light (5) is directed during exposure through two reflection surfaces (10) through to the holographic recording material (1) and that at the same time second exposure light (6) of the same light source or Coherent to the first exposure light (5) coherent during exposure through a coupling point of the optical waveguide (4) for the illumination light (3) through to the holographic recording material (1) is directed.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that at least a portion of the exposure light (6) in the area in which it on the holographic

Recording material (1) acts, having a curved, in particular spherical, wavefront.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a. the exposure takes place in sequentially multiple exposure steps or that b. the exposure is carried out in sequentially multiple exposure steps, wherein the

Position and / or orientation of the optical waveguide (4) is changed together with the holographic recording material (1) between the exposure steps or that c. the exposure is carried out in sequentially multiple exposure steps, wherein the

Position and / or orientation of the optical waveguide (4) together with the holographic recording material (1) is changed between the exposure steps, while the position and / or orientation of at least one exposure light source or exposure light source image, preferably all exposure light sources, and / or the exposure beam path remains unchanged.

1 1. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that,

especially for a multi-color application, the receiving material (1) is detached from a carrier film and applied to the optical waveguide (4) and / or that a stack of at least two spectrally differently sensitive layers, in particular photopolymer layers, is produced as recording material (1) and / or as recording material ( 1) a stack of at least two spectrally differently sensitive layers, in particular photopolymer layers, is produced, wherein the respective next layer is first applied to the stack and then a support film connected to this layer is removed and / or that d. a stack of at least two spectrally differently sensitive layers, in particular photopolymer layers, is produced as the recording material (1), and in that subsequently the exposure of the individual layers of the stack takes place in each case with exposure light (3) having a wavelength for which the respective layer is sensitive is.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 1 1, characterized in that the

Recording material (1) is designed and exposed in such a way that when coupled by

Illumination light (3) with a planar wavefront, the decoupled illumination light (3) has a spherical wavefront.

13. Optical device for illuminating a pixel matrix and / or a controllable spatial light modulator for a display, in particular a stereoscopic or

holographic 3D display, wherein the optical device comprises an optical waveguide (4) and a hologram for coupling out illumination light (3) from the light guiding layer of the

Optical waveguide (4), characterized in that the hologram is produced by a method according to one of claims 1 to 12.

14. An optical device according to claim 13, characterized in that a. the reflection surfaces (10) of the optical waveguide (4) have an angle different from one another by zero degrees and / or that b. the light guide layer (1 1) is wedge-shaped.

15. An optical device according to claim 14, characterized in that a. the optical waveguide (4) is a planar optical waveguide (4) and / or that b. the reflection surfaces (10) of the optical waveguide (4) are aligned parallel to one another.

16. Optical device according to one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that a. at least one of the reflection surfaces of the optical waveguide (4) through the

Hologram is formed and / or that b. at least one of the reflection surfaces (10) of the optical waveguide (4) is designed as a reflection grating or as a dielectric mirror and / or that c. one of the reflection surfaces of the optical waveguide (4) is designed as a reflection grating or as a dielectric mirror and wherein the other of the reflection surfaces

(10) light in the light guide layer (1 1) reflected on the principle of total internal reflection.

17. An optical device according to claim 13, characterized in that the recording material (1) is embodied and exposed in such a way that the coupled illumination light (3) has a spherical wavefront when the illumination light (3) is coupled with a planar wavefront.

18. An optical arrangement, in particular display, with an optical device according to one of claims 13 to 17, characterized in that a. the optical device is connected, in particular glued, directly to a pixel matrix and / or a controllable spatial light modulator, and / or that b. the optical device is arranged parallel to a pixel matrix and / or a controllable spatial light modulator, in particular adhesively bonded thereto, and / or that c. the optical device is constructed in a layered manner.