WO2012165987A2

WO2012165987A2 - Dental implant and set of medical elements and devices for accelerating the osteointegration thereof

Info

Publication number: WO2012165987A2
Application number: PCT/RO2011/000004
Authority: WO
Inventors: Bogdan Constantin VLĂDILĂ
Original assignee: Vladila Bogdan Constantin
Priority date: 2010-10-25
Filing date: 2011-02-03
Publication date: 2012-12-06
Also published as: WO2012165987A3; RO126272A0

Abstract

The invention relates to a dental implant and a set of medical elements and devices usable, in principle, for accelerating the osteointegration thereof. The set may also be used for accelerating the osteointegration of another type of implant, but it may also be used by the persons that have already been previously inserted another type of dental implant, the ones suffering from chronical parodonto pathy, as well as by the ones in which the tissue resorption is due to the effects of ageing. The set may also be used by persons that did not have dentition problems but want to maintain the healthy natural dentition. In some first embodiments, the implant consists of a hollow external central rotation body (3, 6, 10, 13, 16, 18) which includes axially, in a first version a central rod (1) provided with an upper head (bi) or in another version, a central nut (7, 19), the rod (1) being provided at the upper head (bi), respectively the central nut (7, 19) being provided with a profiled cavity (b3l c4) for entraining the implant in rotation motion with a view to inserting the same and axially, with a threaded cavity (b4, c6) where the prosthetic blunt may be secured. The central body (3, 6, 10, 13, 16, 18) is also provided with an axial central space (a4, CO in which there will be arranged, even in the manufacturing process various elements made of biologically active compositions. The compositions may be of the known ones, but there may also be used ground human or animal tooth. They may be used alone, as simple elements or mixed with one another and may be used as such or may be used mixed in dental cements, augmenting materials and obturating materials. Medical devices may be made of such compositions, in which case the composition will be incorporated in a polar polymer, preferably a polymer having a higher polarity or at least equal to that of polyethylene. Some devices may be provided with a system heating the assembly and/or with an electronic system generating known frequencies as being regenerating.

Description

DENTAL IMPLANT AND SET OF MEDICAL ELEMENTS AND DEVICES FOR ACCELERATING THE OSTEOINTEGRATION THEREOF

The invention relates to a dental implant and a set of medical elements and devices mainly usable for accelerating the osteointegration thereof. However, from case to case, the set may also be used for accelerating the osteointegration of another type of implant, but it may also be used by persons that previously have already been inserted another type of dental implant, by the ones suffering from chronical parodontopathy as well as by the ones in which the tissue resorption is due to the ageing effects. Also, the set may be used by the persons not having dentition problems, but who want to maintain a natural healthy dentition.

The principle at the basis of the invention is developed in order to be applied in stomatology, but there will result from the decription, as being obvious, the fact that it may be used in other fields of the medical sciences. Some of these fields have been mentioned even within the description. We are sure that researchers will find even many others.

In the present case, element means a single product made up of a composition that contributes to accelerating the implant integration, said composition being used as loose powder or powder pressed in different shapes to be used as such during the medical acts. Medical device means a unitary assembly made up of more distinct items that may include the composition. From case to case, the medical device may also be connected with other annexed devices with a view to activating it.

In orthopedy in general and in the dental implant surgery in particular, it is of decisive importance to lower the healing period of the fractured bone and of the implant biointegration, respectively.

This problem is also aggravated by the fact that in all these persons a tissue, gum and the implant-affected bone structure resorption takes place in time. However, the resorption takes place - continuously - also in persons affected by chronical parodontopathy as well as in aged persons. The reason is due to lowering the blood microcirculation in said tissues and has as final effect the occurrence of dental mobility, if we exclussively refer to teeth. It is known the fact that the tissue integration level first depends on the rate of the new cells coming to the surgical trauma destroyed region. If the flow of these cells is high, a rapid neovascularization of the region will be produced and the cells will be able to survive on the implanted material. Thus the protoglycans layer may be reduced and the direct bone-implant contact will increase in percentage. Normally, the dead cells should be replaced immediately by new progenitor cells to be converted into osteoblast, cementoblast cells etc, according to the specific character of that region.

With a view to solving all these problems, the stomatologists, implantologists and researchers in the field have created and applied various technical-medical solutions. The use of porous titanium, of zirconium oxide, the alloying of titanium with zirconium to obtain roxolid, are only a few of the applied solutions.

Assiduous researches, sometimes in fields connected or even remote from the stomatology field open new completely unexpected ways in dental implantology.

Thus, in 1952 doctor Winfried Otto Schumann of the Faculty of Science in Munich succeeded to demonstrate an older theory, namely that the terrestrial space comprised between the earth surface and ionosphere behaves as a wave guide and at the same time as a resonance box. The frequency spectrum of this space ranges approximately between 6 and 50 Hz, with the main average value of 7.83 Hz. As life on earth was created within this space, all that we call a living organism was adapted to this frequency. The vital functions of the organisms deteriorate in case of default of this frequency for a longer time. This is the reason why the cosmonauts' body suffers important disturbances during the cosmic flight, such as parodontopathy and osteoporosis. However, things started to normalize after having artificially generated the 7.83 Hz frequency on board of the spaceships. By going thoroughly into the researches, the scientists have discovered that besides the basic frequency vital for each organism to function, the internal organs and cells constituting them also react favourably to other frequencies, some of them vital for their restoration in case they have been subjected to lesions or when suffering from certain affections. James L.Oschman (see his works: Energy Medicine- The Scientific Basis; Energy Medicine in Therapeutics and Human Performance; Recent Developments in Energy Medicine) demonstrated that, each normal or pathological event carried on within any organism, produces modifications of the electromagentic field generated by said organ/sm-consequently even changes and dysfunctionalities in its activity. Based on these principles there were built devices which succeed to monitor the heart, brain activity or to state precisely the ovulation moment. It was also Oschman to demonstrate that the muscle activity generates electromagnetic impulses that stimulate the cells regeneration starting form the attraction of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. It was also he who demonstrated that any affection - in our case parodontopathy, or lesion, in our case the destructions caused by surgery at the moment of inserting the implants - determines the modification of the magnetic field in said region. In other words, the modification in the number of capilaries is also attended by the increase of the converted into osteoblast, cementoblast cells etc, according to the specific character of that region.

Thus, in 1952 doctor Winfried Otto Schumann of the Faculty of Science in Munich succeeded to demonstrate an older theory, namely that the terrestrial space comprised between the earth surface and ionosphere behaves as a wave guide and at the same time as a resonance box. The frequency spectrum of this space ranges approximately between 6 and 50 Hz, with the main average value of 7.83 Hz. As life on earth was created within this space, all that we call a living organism was adapted to this frequency. The vital functions of the organisms deteriorate in case of default of this frequency for a longer time. This is the reason why the cosmonauts' body suffers important disturbances during the cosmic flight, such as parodontopathy and osteoporosis. However, things started to normalize after having artificially generated the 7.83 Hz frequency on board of the spaceships. By going thoroughly into the researches, the scientists have discovered that besides the basic frequency vital for each organism to function, the internal organs and cells constituting them also react favourably to other frequencies, some of them vital for their restoration in case they have been subjected to lesions or when suffering from certain affections. James LOschman (see his works: Energy Medicine- The Scientific Basis; Energy Medicine in Therapeutics and Human Performance; Recent Developments in Energy Medicine) demonstrated that, each normal or pathological event carried on within any organism, produces modifications of the electromagentic field generated by said organ/sm-consequently even changes and dysfunctionalities in its activity. Based on these principles there were built devices which succeed to monitor the heart, brain activity or to state precisely the ovulation moment. It was also Oschman to demonstrate that the muscle activity generates electromagnetic impulses that stimulate the cells regeneration starting form the attraction of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. It was also he who demonstrated that any affection - in our case parodontopathy, or lesion, in our case the destructions caused by surgery at the moment of inserting the implants - determines the modification of the magnetic field in said region. In other words, the modification in the number of capilaries is also attended by the increase of the

2 magnetic "reluctance" of the adjacent tissues. The increase thereof is also determined both by the minerals included in the tophus extant in that region and by the existing metal implants that oppose to the normal passing of the regenerating magnetic field resulting from the Schumman magnetic frequencies and from the biological cell oscillations. From the aspects presented above, the conclusion may be drawn that the biointegrability of an implant may also be fastened by bringing to normal values the regerating magnetic field - resulting either from Schumman magnetic frequencies or from biological oscillations of the cells - but weakened by the increase of the magnetic reluctance in the region due to wounding the tissues, due to tophus, microbes extant in the region as well as the insertion of metal implants.

Starting from all these ascertained facts, there was developed a novel treatment called "pulsed electromagnetic field therapy" wherethrough the non-consolidating osseous fractures are treated.

Thus, Sisken and Walker demonstrated that the frequencies of 2 Hz, 25Hz and 50 Hz stimulate the nervous regeneration, a useful thing in implantology if hypoesthesia occurred following the surgical operation, and a 7 Hz frequency stimulates the osseous regeneration; this fact is also useful in dental implantology for a better integration of implants. A 10 Hz frequency stimulates the ligament regeneration, fact that is useful in parodontology for lowering the teeth mobility. It is obvious that a device that would emit this frequency may also act at the level of the coexisting teeth. It was also demonstrated that the 15 Hz, 20 Hz and 72 Hz frequencies stimulate the reformation of capilaries, this action being necessary after any surgical intervention of osseous or soft tissue graft.

There is given hereinafter an example of application in practice of those mentioned above.

Thus, the patent description WO 2009/04215 A1 presents an electronic apparatus meant to haste the tissue healing in the knee region by means of a low frequency electromagnetic field generated thereby. The apparatus belongs to a set meant to heal tissues and bones having different affections and it is further provided with an electric circuit for magnetic field pulse control.

Herbert Frachlich demonstrated that "An assembly of cells forming a tissue or organ has a specific frequency that regulates the physiology of said organ. If a big number of cellls are affected, then the frequency cannot be emitted any longer and the disease or dysfunction occurs". The conclusions that can be drawn from here are extremely important. First, there may be drawn the conclusion that an organ affected in

3 magnetic "reluctance" of the adjacent tissues. The increase thereof is also determined both by the minerals included in the tophus extant in that region and by the existing metal implants that oppose to the normal passing of the regenerating magnetic field resulting from the Schumman magnetic frequencies and from the biological cell oscillations. From the aspects presented above, the conclusion may be drawn that the biointegrability of an implant may also be fastened by bringing to normal values the regerating magnetic field - resulting either from Schumman magnetic frequencies or from biological oscillations of the cells - but weakened by the increase of the magnetic reluctance in the region due to wounding the tissues, due to tophus, microbes extant in the region as well as the insertion of metal implants.

3 its functioning shall be assisted to regenerate by the generation of artificial frequencies specific to it.

Consequently, it results that, if a healthy human tooth - and why not an animal tooth - may contribute to maintaining the health in its neighbouring region; an alrealy diseased tooth cannot do this any longer and consequently suitable steps should be taken for said situation. Unfortunately, in the buccal cavity the natural regenerating field is reduced, since the microbes and minerals extant in the tophus composition "steal" from the regenerating field intensity in order to mineralize themselves. It is known the fact that the phenomena of healing by magnetic oscillations occur at low amplitudes of the field, with a magnetic induction of about 10^"9 to 10^"10Tesla. A first measure to be taken in order to ensure this increase is to substitute the metal implants by ceramic implants of zirconium oxide type.

An additional help for increasing this regeneration rate can thus be made by generating a magnetic field on the frequencies known to be regenerating, namely frequencies ranging from 0.9 Hz to 75 Hz, by an adequate electronic device.

Another step would consist in using devices that employ mineral substances which diminish the reluctance in the implant region, and in some cases have a resonating role with the biological oscillation frequency of the cells in the' region. This entry into resonance will determine the cell oscillation amplitude to become maximum, fact that improves the biolofical properties of all cells in the region and leads to increase in the neocapilary number by increasing the rate of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells conversion.

How have the problems related to biocompatibility and osteointegration of a novel dental implant been solved so far?

In order to solve the partial edentition problems there are known and applied a great variety of shapes of metal implants usually made of titanium, more or less alloyed, since this is sufficiently well tolerated by the human body, it is easily workable, has a good mechanical strength to compression, torsion and bending and, consequently, allows to achieve compound dental implants also called "in two surgical stages", which have the advantage of giving the doctor the opportunity of selecting the prosthetic work type favourable to the patient, allow to comply with the hibernation period necessary for integrating the implant and favours the mounting of parallel prosthetic blunts for carrying on thereon dental crowns perfectly adapted to said case.

Subsequently, more researchers ascertained that the osteointegration time of an implant diminishes in case of carrying out the same from a ceramic material, more exactly zirconium oxide, since, in comparison with titanium for example, this is better

4 its functioning shall be assisted to regenerate by the generation of artificial frequencies specific to it.

Consequently, it results that, if a healthy human tooth - and why not an animal tooth - may contribute to maintaining the health in its neighbouring region; an alrealy diseased tooth cannot do this any longer and consequently suitable steps should be taken for said situation. Unfortunately, in the buccal cavity the natural regenerating field is reduced, since the microbes and minerals extant in the tophus composition "steal" from the regenerating field intensity in order to mineralize themselves. It is known the fact that the phenomena of healing by magnetic oscillations occur at low amplitudes of the field, with a magnetic induction of about 10^'9 to 10^{" 0}Tesla. A first measure to be taken in order to ensure this increase is to substitute the metal implants by ceramic implants of zirconium oxide type.

Another step would consist in using devices that employ mineral substances which diminish the reluctance in the implant region, and in some cases have a resonating role with the biological oscillation frequency of the cells in the region. This entry into resonance will determine the cell oscillation amplitude to become maximum, fact that improves the biolofical properties of all cells in the region and leads to increase in the neocapilary number by increasing the rate of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells conversion.

4 tolerated by the organism and at the same time has the quality of not favouring the formation of elec trie cells even if combined with different other metals. Practically, there exist only few patients allergic to this material, this material being both biocompatible and bioinert. Then, the zirconium is preferred also with regard to the thermal conductivity. It does not conduct heat so that the thermal variations are not transmitted to the alveolar bone. This is extremely important particularly when the implant shall be adjusted by grinding right in the patient's mouth. Moreover, even if it does not conduct heat, the zirconium oxide conducts the regenerating low frequency oscillations existing in the buccal cavity very well.

We shall also add here the fact that both titanium and zirconium, with their alloys, are used in implantology also for the reason that both have the characteristic of not inhibiting the growth of osteoblasts, which are essential cells for osteointegration.

Given the high qualities of zirconium oxide in respect of the osteointegration, it was tried to achieve compound implants, consequently implants to be inserted in two surgical stages and made of this material. Unfortunately, this was not yet possible due to low zirconium oxide workability, characteristic that has as effect that certain fineness operations, among which threading, cannot practically be carried out for the time being in an optimum way, such as in metals. Consequently, materials with increased biocompatibility, such as zirconium oxide and other ceramics, do not allow to obtain a self-threading region at the implant tip, nor the carrying out of an internal thread resisting in time, through which the connection between the prosthetic blunt and the implant proper can be made. As such, the implants made of zirconium oxide are usually carried out as a single item - reason for which they are also called one-piece implants - and the construction of the dental crown thereon is very difficult. This is due to the fact that on such implants only cemented works can be done, at the moment there being practically impossible to carry out threaded works.

It has not been possible so far to carry out viable implants which should combine workability and the mechanical qualities of the titanium with zirconium biocompatibility.

The use of some materials having osteointegration qualities higher to titanium does not always have the desired results due not only to their low workability but also to their elasticity module which sometimes is in contradiction with the elasticity of the jaw or mandible portion wherein said implant is to be inserted. For example, it is well known the fact that, in their front portion, both the jaw and the mandible are harder, since here the bone density is higher, and in the rear portion both the jaw and the mandible are more elastic, since bone porosity is higher here. For this reason, the implant elasticity shall be adapted to the elasticity of the jaw or mandible portion in which it is to be

5 tolerated by the organism and at the same time has the quality of not favouring the formation of elec trie cells even if combined with different other metals. Practically, there exist only few patients allergic to this material, this material being both biocompatible and bioinert. Then, the zirconium is preferred also with regard to the thermal conductivity. It does not conduct heat so that the thermal variations are not transmitted to the alveolar bone. This is extremely important particularly when the implant shall be adjusted by grinding right in the patient's mouth. Moreover, even if it does not conduct heat, the zirconium oxide conducts the regenerating low frequency oscillations existing in the buccal cavity very well.

5 inserted, that is not always possible since, if titanium has however a certain elasticity, the zirconium oxide is a hard and brittle ceramic material.

A brief review of the facts achieved so far by the researchers in the field will be done hereinafter in order to better highlight the novel elements introduced by the present invention.

Returning to the metal implants based on titanium alloys, these in comparison with the implants made of ceramics, can easily be provided with an inner thread at their upper side (R0121362B1; GB2210795A), in order to fix by screwing the prosthetic blunt, and at their outer side there can be made any kind of thread or machining which allows a better primary retention.

Moreover, some of them are also provided with self-threading head which allows a better insertion thereof into the alveolar bone. Nevertheless, though many researches and their application demonstrated that the titanium based alloys are relatively well tolerated by the human organism, there also exist situations in which they cause problems, for example, in case of the patients with intolerance to metals, whose number is unfortunately continually increasing. Another important disadvantage of this type of metal implants consists in the relatively long time necessary for their osteointegration into the alveolar bone and the possibility of forming an electric cell.

The ceramic implants - and we refer here again to the ones made of zirconium oxide - although better tolerated by the organism, still can be provided to the outer side only with a simple rounded thread model in order to allow a better anchoring thereof in the alveolar bone. We can mention here the implant described in the patent application WO 2006/108951 entitled Screw-type implants. As a shape this implant is, in broad lines, very simple and relatively easy to carry out, but besides advantages it also has sufficiently high disadvantages as it results from the researches made by the author of the present invention, said researches being briefly presented in the analysis below. Thus, within the Faculty of Biology of the University of Bucharest, the author carried out a research on fibroblast cell cultures and could demonstrate the high biological characteristics of the zirconium oxide in comparison with titanium, with regard to biocompatibility.

The author also made a clinical study published in „Revue Implantologie", November 2007, pages 103-108, said study demonstrating the good integrability of zirconium oxide. Implants used for this study were of the one-piece type. The author also highlighted the prosthetic problems that may occur in case of employing this type of implant, among these being the difficulty of being offered an about three-month hybernation period. This results even from its construction, since the prosthetic blunt, of

6 inserted, that is not always possible since, if titanium has however a certain elasticity, the zirconium oxide is a hard and brittle ceramic material.

Returning to the metal implants based on titanium alloys, these in comparison with the implants made of ceramics, can easily be provided with an inner thread at their upper side (R0121362B1 ; GB2210795A), in order to fix by screwing the prosthetic blunt, and at their outer side there can be made any kind of thread or machining which allows a better primary retention.

6 the obvious or apparent type, in the buccal cavity, will always be touched by food and tongue, while chewing, which may determine the implant rejection due to producing continuous microdisplacements thereof.

During the years, the researchers tried to make dental implants also called hybrid, which should combine two materials, each having certain specific qualities in order to take from each the qualities it has.

For example, the patent application PCT/FROO/02008 (WO 01/05325 - DENTAL IMPLANT COMPRISING TWO BIOCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS) relates to a dental implant made up of two materials of equal biocompatibility but having different osteointegrability, namely, some elements made of a usual titanium alloy and other elements made of porous titanium. The implant is made as an elongate central body, provided with two centrally blind axial holes, one at each end thereof. In the hole at the lower end a porous titanium rod is introduced and in the hole at the upper end there can finally be screwed-in the prosthetic blunt. Along the central body, towards the upper end, there is inserted a shell also made of porous titanium. The porous titanium has the role to favour the osteoblasts to enter therein, thereby ensuring a better integration thereof in the alveolar bone. In order to make the insertion of the implant into the newly created alveole, its lower end is threaded to the outer side. It can be noticed that only a relatively small surface of the porous titanium layer comes into contact with the bone and the insertion of the porous titanium shell onto the implant body is practically very difficult.

Due to the impossibility of making a thread on a part made of zirconium oxide, it was tried to obtain prosthetic blunts which should be fixed in the implant body by means of a Morse cone system, with the slope of about 2 degrees, the assembly being then cemented by means of a dental cement.

This combination has the disadvantage that it cannot be separated in case of various accidents that may occur in time - namely blunt fractures, wrong positioning of blunts, blocking the blunt in a non-corresponding position, before reaching the final position - accidents relatively frequent in implantology. Moreover, it should be recognized that cementing may weaken in time and as a consequence, a new blunt cannot be reapplied correctly due to the left dental cement traces.

As an exception to all mentioned above, by the patent application PCT WO 99/17675, entitled „Dental implant of zirconium oxide, provided with inner thread", the author tries to solve the already known impediments. Knowing the difficulty of carrying out threads in zirconium oxide, he proposes a solution of casting zirconium into a mould

7 the obvious or apparent type, in the buccal cavity, will always be touched by food and tongue, while chewing, which may determine the implant rejection due to producing continuous microdisplacements thereof.

As an exception to all mentioned above, by the patent application PCT/WO 99/17675, entitled „Dental implant of zirconium oxide, provided with inner thread^", the author tries to solve the already known impediments. Knowing the difficulty of carrying out threads in zirconium oxide, he proposes a solution of casting zirconium into a mould

7 to achieve this type of thread. The obtained results were not according to the expectations, fact that did not allow the disemination of the solution.

The patent application FR 2919498 of 02.08.2007, belonging to Gilles Gutierez presents a first use of opal in medicine, more exactly in cosmetics, as a result of discovering the effect that both natural and synthetic opal have to produce the increase of the migration rate of progenitor cells used in cell cultures (keratinocites and fibroblasts).

It is to be mentioned that the JP 2009254547 (A) patent application of 2009.11.05 points out the fact that a composition comprising octacalcium phosphate can successfully contribute to osseous regeneration. Generalizing, the researches carried out by numerous specialists demonstrated that there exist other mineral substances that help in normalizing the cellular membrane level exchanges and enzymatic equilibrium regulating.

The patent application FR 2926460 of 22.01.2008, having Messers Gilles Gutierrez and Bogdan Vladil§ as authors, the author of the present application presents a first medical use of opal in dental surgery, with a view to accelerating the growth of osseous mass, disposed around an implant or around a tooth root. To this end, there is prepared a composition comprising natural or synthetic opal - in a ratio of 0.5 up to 20%, preferably between 1 and -1%- incorporated in a mass of easily polymerizable or fusible polymeric material. By the researches performed by the two authors, it has been ascertained that the existence of opal in this composition causes three times higher cell migration, particularly of osteoblasts, cementoblasts, fibroblasts or keratinocites, than in the default thereof. In other words, things happen as if opal would transmit a signal that calls said cells towards it. The solution can also be applied in the field of dental implants in order to succeed to improve the implant integration into the alveolar bone.

The same authors subsequently filed, on July 10, 2008, also in France, with no. 0803921/FR 2933610 another patent application entitled "Opal based composition for the treatment of dental affections". The composition includes an opal powder that is incorporated into the thermofusible polymer mass selected from polyolefins, such as polyethylenes or polypropylenes, alone or in admixture. From this mixture there is obtained a mould, customarized to each patient through a dental guard, with a view to periodontal regenerating. The obtained results mentioned by the authors within the application are very promising. It has to be added here that the application of the solution continues at present and the results are remarkable. The author of the present invention has treated more than 100 patients so far by the use of such a guard.

8 to achieve this type of thread. The obtained results were not according to the expectations, fact that did not allow the disemination of the solution.

The patent application FR 2926460 of 22.01.2008, having Messers Gilles Gutierrez and Bogdan Vladila as authors, the author of the present application presents a first medical use of opal in dental surgery, with a view to accelerating the growth of osseous mass, disposed around an implant or around a tooth root. To this end, there is prepared a composition comprising natural or synthetic opal - in a ratio of 0.5 up to 20%, preferably between 1 and -1%- incorporated in a mass of easily polymerizable or fusible polymeric material. By the researches performed by the two authors, it has been ascertained that the existence of opal in this composition causes three times higher cell migration, particularly of osteoblasts, cementoblasts, fibroblasts or keratinocites, than in the default thereof. In other words, things happen as if opal would transmit a signal that calls said cells towards it. The solution can also be applied in the field of dental implants in order to succeed to improve the implant integration into the alveolar bone.

The same authors subsequently filed, on July 0, 2008, also in France, with no. 0803921/FR 2933610 another patent application entitled "Opal based composition for the treatment of dental affections". The composition includes an opal powder that is incorporated into the thermofusible polymer mass selected from polyolefins, such as polyethylenes or polypropylenes, alone or in admixture. From this mixture there is obtained a mould, customarized to each patient through a dental guard, with a view to periodontal regenerating. The obtained results mentioned by the authors within the application are very promising. It has to be added here that the application of the solution continues at present and the results are remarkable. The author of the present invention has treated more than 100 patients so far by the use of such a guard.

8 The authors also demonstrated that the cell migration is carried out even if there does not exist a direct contact between opal - or a composition comprising opal - and the affected tissue. However, this migration is influenced by more factors, among which the patient's oral hygiene, age, material interposed between opal and the affected tissue and the opal concentration of a certain mixture. Then it was demonstrated that neither titanium nor zirconium hinder too much the signal transmitted by opal to the distance, signal that determines the cell migration. However, zirconium favours the transmission of this signal to a greater extent than the titanium. Even if, for a certain type of implant, the area occupied by the zirconium oxide cannot be too large, this is to be created, since zirconium is the one to favour the regenerating signal transmission better than any other metal. These experiments also reconfirmed the theory that the natural tooth itself seems to emit the signal which attacts towards it the progenitor cells with the purpose of regenerating what is destroyed due to the microbial activity. This regenerating signal intensity lowers with the age, and the tophus shields the transmission thereof. Unfortunately, the actual implants do not favour the transmission of this type of signal, reason for which they are more vulnerable in front of the mentioned degenerating agents.

From those exposed before, corroborated with the latest researches, there can be drawn the conclusion that the biointegrability of an implant can also be hastened by bringing to normal values the regenerating magnetic field - resulting either from magnetic Schumman frequencies or from the biological cells oscillations - but weakened by increasing the magnetic reluctance in the region due to wounding the tissues, due to tophus and microbes in the region as well as to inserting the metal implants.

It is well known the fact that the crystals resonating action increases between some limits also because of the increase of their temperature. The frequency normaly generated whenever a patient drinks warmer liquids is consumed, a part for regenerating the parodontal tissue and another part for forming the tophus. Hence, the importance of periodically removing the formed dental tophus.

The beneficial action of relatively warm crystals upon the human body is well known and we think, it shall no longer be demonstrated. There are still imposed some considerations and some examples, since they come to support the principle that is the basis of the invention. A first explanation consists in the fact that various minerals or crystals, such as, for example, opal, activate electromagnetic fields more or less intense in a frequency range beneficial to the human or animal body, in general. It is obvious that a guard made up, for example, of a composition that includes opal will

9 The authors also demonstrated that the cell migration is carried out even if there does not exist a direct contact between opal - or a composition comprising opal - and the affected tissue. However, this migration is influenced by more factors, among which the patient's oral hygiene, age, material interposed between opal and the affected tissue and the opal concentration of a certain mixture. Then it was demonstrated that neither titanium nor zirconium hinder too much the signal transmitted by opal to the distance, signal that determines the cell migration. However, zirconium favours the transmission of this signal to a greater extent than the titanium. Even if, for a certain type of implant, the area occupied by the zirconium oxide cannot be too large, this is to be created, since zirconium is the one to favour the regenerating signal transmission better than any other metal. These experiments also reconfirmed the theory that the natural tooth itself seems to emit the signal which attacts towards it the progenitor cells with the purpose of regenerating what is destroyed due to the microbial activity. This regenerating signal intensity lowers with the age, and the tophus shields the transmission thereof. Unfortunately, the actual implants do not favour the transmission of this type of signal, reason for which they are more vulnerable in front of the mentioned degenerating agents.

9 favour electromagnetic radiations, in a frequency range favourable to its functioning and restoration not only of the immediately adjacent tissues, but to the good functioning of brain. It is clear that such a device will also be beneficial to face skin, by generating an ageing preventing effect, as well as to sinuses, eyes etc. The patients that got accustomed with the guard mentioned above, realize that by wearing it they feel better under several aspects. It implicitly results that the simplest way of applying these frequences in the organism is to ask the patient to wear as long as possible, and mainly during the night, a device made of a material resonating with some low biocompatible frequencies.

In other words, it is no longer necessary to use only electronic devices capable to emit electromagnetic frequencies beneficial to the human body, but it is also good to create and use static devices which include minerals capable of lowering the local reluctance and possibly to resonate with the biocompatible frequencies, by taking over from the body energy for their functioning. As a matter of fact, the clay treatment consisting in applying clay on the gum of the teeth affected by parodontopathy, though unpleasent under many aspects, gives positive, apparently miraculous and uncomprehensible results. The explanation is simple and it is due to the fact that the silicates microparticles in the clay composition, activated by the heat in the mouth, amplify the electromagnetic radiations beneficial to the organism.The same happens upon sunbathing on the sand. Children prefer to play in the warm sand also because they instinctively feel it as being beneficial. Another important clinical observation refers to the fact that an anti-inflammatory effect can be ascertained in people sunbathing on beaches consisting of volcanic rocks - the rheumatic and joint pains are reduced. Things happen the same way in treatments in which warm pieces of volcanic rock are placed along the spine to reduce the spine pains, or in any treatments using certain crystals heated at a temperature of about 50-55°C. At present there exist a multitude of treatments using various crystals placed in warm condition on the affected body portions. All of a sudden a series of observations made by simple people or by scientists receive a simple explanation. For example, it was observed that the ones using warm aliments or drinks - teas, soups - are less affected by dental problems. A reference study made in stomatology, published in 1986 in "JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY" no. 13, pages 431-440 by Loe H and Anerud A show how tea planters in Sri Lanka who do not keep dental hygiene rules but drink much hot tea, do not have special problems in respect of the resorption of peridental tissues. Another longitudinal study elaborated in Sweden demonstrated that patients with very good hygiene but who consume cold food have severe problems relating to the peridental

10 favour electromagnetic radiations, in a frequency range favourable to its functioning and restoration not only of the immediately adjacent tissues, but to the good functioning of brain. It is clear that such a device will also be beneficial to face skin, by generating an ageing preventing effect, as well as to sinuses, eyes etc. The patients that got accustomed with the guard mentioned above, realize that by wearing it they feel better under several aspects. It implicitly results that the simplest way of applying these frequences in the organism is to ask the patient to wear as long as possible, and mainly during the night, a device made of a material resonating with some low biocompatible frequencies.

10 tissue resorption - "JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY", no. 28/2001, authors Rosling, Serina, Lindhe, "Longitudinal periodontal tissues alteration during supportive therapy". Another ascertained fact that seemed odd enough so far consists in that in the horned animals, such as the reindeer and stags, the horns do not grow during the cold season. They start growing only when the outer temperature reaches the value of about 20°C. In other words, heat is what makes for example, the crystals in the dental or other bones or horns structure to favour biocompatible electromagnetic waves. In Sweden persons with various affections may take part in medical treatments made in warm baths wherein there are crushed reindeer horns. It is scientifically demonstrated by the researchers from the University of Gratz that salt crystals have a therapeutic action due to the vibrations generated. It is also presented in - http://products. mercola . com/himalayan-salt/bath-salt. htm - the opinion that the positive effect is due to the vibrations present at the moment when the patient takes the bath in a tub wherein there is much natural salt at the constant temperature of 37°C. It is estimated that the water temperature shall be constant in order that the vibrations should have a constant frequency. This scientifically demonstrated thing is also applied in case of the buccal cavity where, salt crystals will favour these frequencies normalizing the cell equilibrium affected due to the ion changes produced by the microbes that are electrically charged.

In the book„Water and Salt Essence of Life" - http://www.shirlevs-wellnes- cafe.com/saltresearch.htm#Fact7- there is presented the fact that by the salt crystals there can be generated the frequency that regulates the tissues physiology. The natural salt crystals are preferable to cooking salt that was already processed and consequently its crystalline structure was modified. These crystals take over the heat from the buccal cavity and practically amplify the low amplitude oscillations with role of regenerating and slowing down the adjacent tissues resorption. Another example is demonstrated by the toothpaste manufacturers who show that after brushing the teeth there can be noticed a regenerative effect that lasts for about one hour. As a matter of fact, dental tissue restoration is produced due to the existence of minerals in the toothpaste composition and of amplifying low frequency oscillations.

There are studies that show that the calcium ion resonate to a 33.3 Hz frequency. This ion is present in any dental and peridental tissues. These oscillations of the mineral particles can exist by the action thereon of some electromagnetic waves frequently issued by various artificial sources, said waves putting them in a synchronous oscillation condition, to specific beneficial biocompatible frequencies.

11 tissue resorption - "JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY", no. 28/2001, authors Rosling, Serina, Lindhe, "Longitudinal periodontal tissues alteration during supportive therapy". Another ascertained fact that seemed odd enough so far consists in that in the horned animals, such as the reindeer and stags, the horns do not grow during the cold season. They start growing only when the outer temperature reaches the value of about 20°C. In other words, heat is what makes for example, the crystals in the dental or other bones or horns structure to favour biocompatible electromagnetic waves. In Sweden persons with various affections may take part in medical treatments made in warm baths wherein there are crushed reindeer horns. It is scientifically demonstrated by the researchers from the University of Gratz that salt crystals have a therapeutic action due to the vibrations generated. It is also presented in - http://products.mercola.com/himalayan-salt/bath-salt.htm - the opinion that the positive effect is due to the vibrations present at the moment when the patient takes the bath in a tub wherein there is much natural salt at the constant temperature of 37°C. It is estimated that the water temperature shall be constant in order that the vibrations should have a constant frequency. This scientifically demonstrated thing is also applied in case of the buccal cavity where, salt crystals will favour these frequencies normalizing the cell equilibrium affected due to the ion changes produced by the microbes that are electrically charged.

In the book„Water and Salt Essence of Life" - http://www.shirleys-wellnes- cafe.com/saltresearch.htm#Fact7- there is presented the fact that by the salt crystals there can be generated the frequency that regulates the tissues physiology. The natural salt crystals are preferable to cooking salt that was already processed and consequently its crystalline structure was modified. These crystals take over the heat from the buccal cavity and practically amplify the low amplitude oscillations with role of regenerating and slowing down the adjacent tissues resorption. Another example is demonstrated by the toothpaste manufacturers who show that after brushing the teeth there can be noticed a regenerative effect that lasts for about one hour. As a matter of fact, dental tissue restoration is produced due to the existence of minerals in the toothpaste composition and of amplifying low frequency oscillations.

11 To this effect there are known the therapy researches made by Dr. David Cohen (http://newvorkbodvscan.com/mineral-infrared-therapy-theorv.htmn which emphasize the bioenergetic effect of the infrared radiation emitted by various minerals, as a secondary radiation and which when absorbed by the biological tissues, shorten the post-surgery and post disease recovery period. Dr. David Cohen shows that the cellular mechanism wherethrough it acts consists in regulating the enzymatic equilibrium and regulating the cell membranes level exchanges.

The experimental results to this effect were also obtained by K.lmamura in 1991 who, by placing plants into simple tap water and into tap water in which some minerals were put, has ascertained that after three weeks, the plant in the non-treated water dried, while the plant in the water with minerals was still green. It was concluded that the emission in infrared, within the wave length spectrum: 2,000-25,000 nm has beneficial vibratory effects on the ions at the cellular membrane level, balancing the ion exchange between the outside and inside of the cell and making the cellular membrane more permeable to nutritive substances, that lengthens the cell life. This effect is also manifested in animal and human tissue cells, as shown by the researches.

Hereinafter we make the synthesis of the aspects exposed so far:

1. with reference to the implants proper, we can state that titanium with its alloys, as metal used for implants, has the advantage of workability and a higher elasticity; the zirconium oxide has the advantage of biocompatibility, of favouring the transmission of the regenerating frequencies, and implicitly of a lower reluctance and as such an implant that we called hybrid, which succeeds to combine these two metals, namely having some items made of titanium and others made of zirconium oxide, will be net superior to the one made only from titanium or zirconium. Then, if the zirconium to titanium ratio increases, the biological qualities of the implant, namely the osteointegration, will also increase. It is also obvious that by varying the ratio between the mass and shapes of the items made of titanium alloys and the ones made of zirconium oxide, used for carrying out the same implant, the elasticity thereof is also varied. As such, there can be carried out an implant adapted to the jaw or mandible portion wherein it is to be integrated.

2. the tissues regenerating capacity in the affected region depends on the patient's age, his general health condition, health condition of tissues in the implant region, on the capacity of said region to emit regenerating frequencies, implicitly on the tophus volume, on the adjacent teeth condition, on the number and quality of the previous implants, on the osteointegration properties of the new implant. For this reason, in order

12 To this effect there are known the therapy researches made by Dr. David Cohen (http://newvorkbodvscan.com/mineral-infrared-therapy-theorv.htmn which emphasize the bioenergetic effect of the infrared radiation emitted by various minerals, as a secondary radiation and which when absorbed by the biological tissues, shorten the post-surgery and post disease recovery period. Dr. David Cohen shows that the cellular mechanism wherethrough it acts consists in regulating the enzymatic equilibrium and regulating the cell membranes level exchanges.

Hereinafter we make the synthesis of the aspects exposed so far:

12 to accelerate the osteointegration there shall be taken additional steps to allow the increase the regenerating frequencies amplitude.

3. even the implants that can be defined at a given moment as being successful, in time, due to the disturbing factors defined under paragraph 2, suffer from resorption problems that are to be slowed down.

The technical problem solved by the present invention consists first in achieving an implant with high biocompatibility and regenerating character, namely of an implant which, even by its construction allows, during its whole life, the amplification of the regenerating frequencies favourable to the affected tissues. Second, if said signals are however weak, or practically absent, it is necessary to enhance them on a natural and/or artifical way, up to an optimum level which should allow both the acceleration of osteointegration of said implant and also maintaining permanently the health of tissues adjacent to the implant, as far as possible for the whole implant life.

By extending the problem defining, the dental implant shall allow to combine the favourable characteristics of the two metals mentioned above, namely the workability of titanium and its alloys with the biocompatibility of zirconium oxide. In other words, it shall be a hybrid implant, with increased biointegrability to be implanted„in two surgical stages" and to be carried out with an elasticity adapted to the jaw portion in which it will be inserted. Also, even the implant shall contribute, by its own biophysical properties, to accelerating the restoration of tissues affected upon its insertion and implicitly to the osteointegration thereof. In order to enhance the regenerative signals emitted by the tissue or to create artificial signals sufficiently strong and of the adequate frequency - for the case when the autologous signals emitted by tissues are practically missing - there appears the necessity of creating an adequate set of elements and devices to be employed periodically, by the patient, for long or short periods of time, to accelerate the implant osteointegration and/or to restore the adjacent tissues qualities.

In order to eliminate the disadvantages mentioned above and to solve the proposed technical solution, the dental implant claimed by the invention, consists of an outer central revolution body - or in other words, the external shell - preferably made of a ceramic material with high osteointegration, such as zirconium oxide, or roxolid, said body being included axially, in a first embodiment, a central rod provided with an upper head or, in another embodiment, with a central nut. These have the role first of taking over the torsion stresses caused upon the insertion of the implant into the alveolar bone and then the ones due to mastication, the rod being provided at the upper end, namely the central nut being provided to this end, with a threaded cavity or other kind of cavity wherein the prosthetic blunt can be secured, said rod or said central nut being secured

13 to accelerate the osteointegration there shall be taken additional steps to allow the increase the regenerating frequencies amplitude.

13 inside the central body by screwing in, attaching by adhesive, welding, by anchoring pin, morse cone or any other means that allow a solid anchoring thereof to the revolution axis of the central body. The central body is provided with an axial central space wherein there may be put different biologically active compositions. At its lower end, under the central body, the rod may be provided with a self-threading leading end.

The composition employed within the implant may be made of any of the minerals of substances mentioned previously, that have the quality of reducing the local reluctance and, possibly, of resonator for very low frequencies favourable to tissues adjacent to the implant; more exactly it is about mineral compositions including silicates, such as for example opal or some substances such as orthorhombic calcium carbonate, octacalcium phosphate known and already applied in the world, or that will be developed subsequently. As a particular case, the composition may be achieved by grinding a tooth of said patient, or even from another person, up to the particle size of 20 to 150 pm, the tooth being previously extracted for various reasons.

This type of composition, more difficult to be obtained in a large amount, will be introduced even from the manufacturing into the central cavity of the implant as a loose powder or a powder pressed in the shape of some elements with dimensions conjugated to the void inside the implant. From this there can also be carried out some inner prosthetic works that we called intraoral medical devices, for example cicatrizing/healing blunts, temporary prosthetic blunts, guards, dental pivots, bridges etc., by incorporating it into a polar polymer. At the same time upon making cements and materials used for obturating dental works, there can be added up to 20% of their weight, powder opal or human or animal tooth ground up to a particle size of 20 to 150pm.

Of the compositions having the same qualities, but preferably with powder consisting of ground animal horns, with volcanic rock, or natural salt powder, taken alone or in admixture, there can be achieved different external medical devices, such as pillows or various coverings for head and jaw, made by manual work. From case to case, all these devices - more precisely guards, cicatrizing/healing blunts, temporary prosthetic blunts, covering for head and jaw, may be activated at a higher level by heating by means of some thermostate-regulated systems at a tolerable temperature and/or may be provided with some coils by means of which there is locally applied a regenerator magnetic field resulting from a signal generator. Obviously, this activation, at least of the blunts of any nature, is recommendable to be done only by the stomatologist, in his cabinet.

14 inside the central body by screwing in, attaching by adhesive, welding, by anchoring pin, morse cone or any other means that allow a solid anchoring thereof to the revolution axis of the central body. The central body is provided with an axial central space wherein there may be put different biologically active compositions. At its lower end, under the central body, the rod may be provided with a self-threading leading end.

The composition employed within the implant may be made of any of the minerals of substances mentioned previously, that have the quality of reducing the local reluctance and, possibly, of resonator for very low frequencies favourable to tissues adjacent to the implant; more exactly it is about mineral compositions including silicates, such as for example opal or some substances such as orthorhombic calcium carbonate, octacalcium phosphate known and already applied in the world, or that will be developed subsequently. As a particular case, the composition may be achieved by grinding a tooth of said patient, or even from another person, up to the particle size of 20 to 150 μιη, the tooth being previously extracted for various reasons.

14 In other words, the medical devices that are the subject-matter of the invention are of several general types:

a) , intraoral - that are carried in the mouth, disposed in the implant or around the implant, for example, blunts, guards, various dental works, bridges, pivots etc; we could also add here the composition as powder or pressed elements of the powder composition to be introduced into the implant or at the root of an extracted tooth;

b) . extraoral or external - coverings for head and jaw, pillows; their use is based on the fact that the regenerating field effect can be ascertained up to 15 mm away from the regenerating composition (Cohen);

c) . helping - that may be coupled to intraoral or external medical devices with a view to strengthening their action by heating and/or by connecting them to a controlled electromagnetic signal generator.

The dental implant and the set of medical devices for accelerating the osteointegration thereof, as claimed by the invention, presents the following main advantages:

- it combines the biological qualities of some materials with low workability but high biocompatibility, with those of some materials with high workability and high mechanical strength, each of these materials being positioned in key regions and their combination being secure; for example it becomes possible to combine titanium so called grade 5 titanium, to make the self-threading head, with grade 2 titanium, with porous titanium, with zirconium oxide or roxolid elements at the outer shell level. There also results a good primary stability of the implant due to the self-threading head combined with the biological qualities of the outer shell;

- the adopted construction also allows to carry out pre-established elasticity implants by varying the ratio between the titanium elements mass and the zirconium elements mass that constitute the implant; thus, depending on the hardness of the bone portion where the implant is to be inserted, we could decide the type of implant adequate to said portion;

- it allows the incorporation or attaching active substances favouring the restoration of affected cells and accelerates the osteointegration;

- although it includes ceramic materials in a relatively high ratio, the implants permit however to carry out any prosthetic works, of the type possible only for metal implants, such as the screwed in works or rendering the prosthetic blunts parallel in the laboratory;

- it is possible to change only the prosthetic blunt in case of fractures, implanting accidents etc, not being obliged to take out the whole implant; also, if there is an acute

15 In other words, the medical devices that are the subject-matter of the invention are of several general types:

15 episode of periimplantite, the final blunt may be changed with a blunt with incorporated minerals, for example in acrylate or another high polarity polymer, for a more rapid regeneration;

- there is not possible the formation of electric cells in case of combining zirconium oxide with titanium; nevertheless, some embodiments of an implant in compliance with the present invention are destined to be used in case of some extremely sentitive persons, since the only titanium element is disposed inside an implant body entirely made of zirconium, and the prosthetic blunt may be carried out only of zirconium oxide; also, if different devices generating electromagnetic waves are used, galvanism cannot occur, as the crown head of the implant is made of zirconium oxide;

- possible contact regions between the component elements are located below the median third part of the implant, namely where it is no longer necessary to try to treat a possible periimplantite, but it is already demonstrated that the whole implant has to be replaced;

- the use of prosthetic and/or healing blunts of a composition adapted to said case favours the osteointegration of the implant and reduction of the possibilities of post- surgery dehiscence and periimplantite occurrence. It is to be mentioned that said blunts may be used not only for the implant claimed by the invention but to any other types of implants already existing on the market;

- while the dental implants are made in plants with homologated working conditions, the dental devices to be applied onto the implant may be made both in plants and in dental technique laboratories, there resulting pivots and incrustations, crowns and bridges, prosthetic and healing blunts made of materials with a high degree of polarity, and acceptable resistance, etc;

- incorporating compositions in cements and materials for obturation ensures, besides the role of resonator for the regerating frequencies, the improvement of the expansion coefficient, consequently, implicitly, a longer duration of resistance of the prosthetic work.

There are given hereinafter more embodiments of the invention in

connection with figures 1 to 58 which represent:

- figure 1 - a general axonometric view of a dental implant, according to the invention, in a first embodiment, having the healing blunt mounted;

- figure 2 - a general axonometric view, with partial axial section through the same implant, but without healing-cicatrizing blunt;

- figures 3a, b - a longitudinal section about the plane A-A through the implant- figure 3a, and a top view - figure 3b;

16 episode of periimplantite, the final blunt may be changed with a blunt with incorporated minerals, for example in acrylate or another high polarity polymer, for a more rapid regeneration;

There are given hereinafter more embodiments of the invention in

connection with figures 1 to 58 which represent:

16 - figures 4a, b, c - a longitudinal section about the plane C-C, through the central rod of the implant - figure 4a, top view - figure 4b, axonometric view- figure 4c;

- figure 5 - general axonometric view of the self-threading leading head;

- figure 6 - longitudinal section through the central frustoconically shaped shell, in the externally threaded version;

- figure 7 - longitudinal section through a hollow type active element

made of a composition accelerating the osteointegration;

- figure 8 - longitudinal section through a healing blunt;

- figure 9 - general spatial view of a dental implant as claimed by the invention, in a second embodiment, with bayonete-type assembling of the core to the body;

- figure 10 - general view 10a, and longitudinal axial section , 10b, through the body of implant in figure 9 and 10a, with the view of the securing channels of the central core;

- figure 11 - general view of the central core of the implant;

- figure 12 - general view of the element for accelerating the osteointegration;

- figure 13 - general axonometric view, with partial section of an implant, as claimed by the invention, in a third embodiment, namely with the prosthetic blunt secured by Morse cone;

- figure 14 - longitudinal axial section, according to plane A-A in figure 16, of an implant as claimed by the invention, in the third embodiment;

- figure 15 - longitudinal axial section about the plane B-B of figure 16, of an implant, as claimed by the invention, in the third embodiment;

- figure 16 - top view of the same implant presented in longitudinal section in figures 14 and 15;

- figure 17 - general axonometric view of the implant shell/body, in the third embodiment, presented in figure 13;

- figure 18 - general axonometric view, with partial section of an implant similar to the one in the third embodiment, figure 13, but provided with prosthetic blunt and secured to the implant by means of a usual screw;

- figure 19 - general axonometric view of the prosthetic blunt, secured by screw;

- figures 20 to 23 - general view with sections of another implant, as claimed by the invention, in a fourth embodiment, namely with the self-threading leading head provided with support rod and assembling the blunt to the implant body by screw;

17 - figures 4a, b, c - a longitudinal section about the plane C-C, through the central rod of the implant - figure 4a, top view - figure 4b, axonometric view- figure 4c;

- figure 5 - general axonometric view of the self-threading leading head;

- figure 7 - longitudinal section through a hollow type active element

made of a composition accelerating the osteointeg ration;

- figure 8 - longitudinal section through a healing blunt;

- figure 11 - general view of the central core of the implant;

17 - figure 24 - version of the implant presented in figures 20 to 23, wherein the upper head of implant is provided with a bottom wall separating the cavity for screwing in the prosthetic blunt to the cavity of the self-treading head rod;

- figures 25 to 27 - the fifth embodiment of the implant, as claimed by the invention, wherein the upper head is provided with a threaded cavity for securing the prosthetic blunt therein and with rod for securing it in the body by means of a pin;

- figures 28 to 31 - other version of the implant of figures 25 to 27, wherein the upper head of implant is secured to the shell by adequate adhering or welding;

- figures 32 to 34 - version of implant of figures 1 to 6, wherein the self-threading leading head securing in position to the rod of implant upper head is made by a pin;

- figures 35 to 37 - version of the implant according to the invention, wherein the body thereof is closed at its lower side by means of a plug, to facilitate the introduction of the regenerating composition therein, and with inner hexagon for achieving the insertion thereof;

- figures 38 to 41 - version of the implant according to the invention, wherein its body is closed at the lower side by a plug, in order to facilitate the introduction of the regenerating composition therein, and with outer hexagon for achieving the insertion thereof;

- figures 42 to 47 - version of the implant as claimed by the invention wherein its body made of zirconium is provided to the inner side with a metal bush, for example made of titanium, adhered or welded thereto, for assembling the prosthetic blunt;

- figures 48 to 49 - version of the implant as claimed by the invention wherein its body is provided to the inner side with a bush, adhered or welded thereto, for assembling the prosthetic blunt, and at the lower end with a hexagonal machining for assembling therein the self-threading leading head;

- figures 50 to 54 - version of the implant of figures 48 to 49, wherein the self- threading leading head is screwed in the inner bush, to ensure maintaining said inner bush in position;

- figures 55 to 57 - version of the implant of figures 50 to 54, wherein the self- threading leading head was replaced by a simple cap screw to ensure the maintaining of the inner bush in position;

- figure 58 - principle diagram of an electronic device that can generate frequencies biocompatible to the human body.

18 - figure 24 - version of the implant presented in figures 20 to 23, wherein the upper head of implant is provided with a bottom wall separating the cavity for screwing in the prosthetic blunt to the cavity of the self-treading head rod;

18 in order to solve the proposed technical problem, which is a very complex one, the implant shall meet the following technical requirements, as they are resumed here more detailedly:

- To allow the combination of the titanium and its alloys workability with the biocompatibility of zirconium. This means that the implant elemens that will undergo mechanical working - for example, thread of various shapes and dimensions shall be made of titanium and the remainder of the body with role of facilitating the osteointegration will be made of zirconium oxide. Considering things only under this aspect, it is obvious that the zirconium oxide to titanium ratio shall be as high as possible. Furthermore, if the doctor encounters a very delicate situation, namely has a patient very sensitive to the titanium presence in the implant, he may have the option of an implant which, though includes titanium in its body, this has to be only at its inner side and cannot come into contact with the surrounding tissues.

- To be possible the correlation of implant characteristic of elasticity with the one of the jaw or mandible portion where it is to be inserted. This means that the stomatologist, depending on the concrete case to be solved, shall have the pos sibility of choosing a more rigid or more elastic implant, depending on the place this is to be inserted.

- In order to accelerate the restoration of tissues affected upon insertion of the implant and implicitly the osteointegration thereof, it shall allow the incorporation therein of one or more implant elements, and/or attaching one/some intraoral medical devices made up of a composition known and accepted by the practitioners for the fact that it has a stimulative action on the progenitor cells and produces the restoratiuon of all affected tissues, since it contributes to lowering the magnetic reluctance and/or has the role of resonator for electromagnetic waves existing in the buccal cavity.

The dental implant with increased biocompatibility, as claimed by the

invention, is made, in a first embodiment, presented in figures 1 to 8, as an assembly consisting of several items, each having a well established role in

implantation itself, in increasing biocompatibility and accelerating osteointegration. This first embodiment includes a central rod with upper head 1 , hereinafter called briefly only the central rod 1. It may be made of usual titanium alloys - alloys that are known per se and used at the moment, for example grade 5 titanium, being the most used. Obviously, it may be made of the new type of titanium-zirconium alloy called roxolid. The central rod 1 has a multiple role. First, it has the role of taking over both the torsion stresses occurring during the implanting proper and the compression and bending stresses occuring during mastication. Then, at the lower end of the rod there may be

19 arranged, as in the present case, a self-threading leading head 2 (see also figure 5), made of the same material as the rod in order to avoid the formation of an electrical cell, and at the same time for allowing a lasting adhering - by any adequate process - between the two components 1 and 2. Obviously, this solution also allows the combination of grade 5 titanium, recommended for making the self-threading head, with grade 2 titanium usable in the outer shell. The head 2 is provided for the same purpose with a cutting thread ai, with one or more beginnings and some cutting teeth a₂. Moreover, a self-threading head 2 made of titanium, provided with cutting teeth, has the advantage that it contributes to the increase of the primary degree of stability and will allow the insertion of a predominantly ceramic implant also in regions with fragile bone, such as for example, immediately post-extraction. The third item of the assembly is a central body, or, in other words, a central shell 3 (see also figure 6), preferably made up only of zirconium oxide, in order to facilitate the implant integration into the mandible bone or into the jaw. However, it may also be made of porous titanium, grade 2 titanium or titanium-zirconium alloy, namely roxolid, that was already mentioned. To the outer side of the central body 3, we can add various compositions for increasing the biocompatibility, for example proteins or various minerals, solution known per se. This shell may have a cylindrical or slightly conical shape and preferably, it shall be threaded to the outer side or at least provided with a relief design which should allow the anchoring thereof inside the dental bone, or it may be smooth, if made of porous titanium. The central body 3 may surround, at a certain distance, the central rod, so that between it and the rod there exists a small empty space a₄ wherein there may be introduced a composition for accelerating the implant biointegration, said composition being as a powder or, where appropriate, the fourth element of the assembly, namely a hollow part 4 may be introduced (see figures 2, 3a and 7), said hollow part being made by pressing from said composition. For the role of part 4 in accelerating osteointegration we can call it active pastille. It is true that zirconium does not conduct heat, but the rod is made of titanium and titanium has a good thermal conductivity. Consequently, the heat in the mouth is also transmitted by means of the rod to element 4 that has the role of resonator for the regenerating frequencies in the patient's mouth, activating it additionally. The transmission of these frequencies through the zirconium shell is very good, this being the major advantage of zirconium oxide. As a matter of fact, this is the basic mechanism for increasing our implant biointegration. From those mentioned above, it has been ascertained that we have an assembly of parts made - in view of reaching the proposed purpose - of different materials, fact that entitles us to call it a hybrid. After mounting them, the obtained assembly is stiffened through a

20 process of adhering or welding the terminafend of the central rod 1 to the front part of the leading head 2. The joining may be made by a simple pin, not represented here, which diametrically penetrates through both parts. This version will be further presented within this paper. It is obvious that for avoiding the formation of an electrical cell, this pin will also have to be made up of a material identical to the material for parts 1 and 2. We mention here, if still necessary, that the ensuring of a joining of more parts through a pin is a process very used in technics and it is practiced in the top field of technics, in building motor vehicles, in aviation, in armament industry etc. Said pin shall form with the parts it penetrates a tightening fit. It is introduced, for example, by pressing or by other process adecqate to said case and may only be extracted by the application of a force at least equal to and of reverse sense.

The central rod 1 is provided - see figure 4 - with a polygon-shaped or slightly frustoconicai-shaped cylindrical head bi lengthened by an polygon-shaped elongate portion b₂ along which all the other items are to be mounted.

The polygon shape of the elongate portion b₂ is first necessary since the self-threading leading head 2 shall be entrained in rotary motion by rotating the rod and second because the leading head 2 and the central shell 3 are threaded externally and the two threads will preferably be arranged one in the extension of the other, which is made easier by rotating them, by 60 degrees about the sides of the elongate polygonal portion b₂. The othger end bi of the rod 1 has, as we have already said, the shape of a slightly frustoconical or even polygonal cylindrical body of a diameter approximately equal to the outside upper diameter of shell 3. To its inner side the head bi may be provided with an axial hexagonal cavity, b₃ also continuing axially with a relatively short threaded portion b₄, as the prosthetic blunt is to be screwed in therein.

In the hexagonal cavity b₃ of the upper end bi of the central rod 1 there may be first arranged a healing/cicatrizing blunt 5 - represented in figure 8 - and then, after cicatrizing, a prosthetic blunt known per se, whereon the dental crown is to be carried out. They can be tightened on the desired position by means of a screw, solution that is also known. The hexagonal cavity b₃ helps both to insert the implant into the alveolar bone and to mount the prosthetic blunt into the most favourable position with regard to aligning the teeth.

As particular versions of this first embodiment of the implant claimed by the invention we can notice that we can also carry out the head bi with a hexagonal shape to the outer side which serves both for inserting the implant into the alveolar bone or for mounting a prosthetic blunt provided itself with a corresponding hexagonal cavity - see figures 38 to 41. At the same time, the shell 3 may be anchored to prevent twisting - in

21 case when its inside diameter is larger than the diameter of the circle inscribing the polygon of portion bi. The thing is carried out very easy by various details of shape such as hexagonal portions or by some fins as the ones represented in figures 13 and 17 and then all the versions presented in figures 20 to 34. We think that it is obvious that this type of implant allows the stomatologist to select, depending on the patient's health condition, age etc an implant with or without the active cartridge 4.

It is also obvious that this type of implant can also be carried out without the inner space a₄ destined to a composition for accelerating osteointegration, in this case the shell 3 will be made slightly more voluminous. However, we state precisely that all the versions with central rod described here allow to insert therein a composition, only by creating a play between the central rod and the shell made up of zirconium or any other material.

It is also obvious that, in a similar construction thereof, the self-threading leading head 2 may be given up, wherein the outer shell can be closed at the bottom side and the rod 1 will also be ensured by a pin- see figure 13 - and will entrain said shell in rotation motion upon implanting, also by means of a polygonal, for example hexagonal cavity.

The second implant embodiment represented in figures from 9 to 12, shows a glass-shaped hollow implant body 6, namely a body open only at the upper side and closed at the lower side, so that an empty space c* is created therein. In its lower side a central core 7 is introduced to be anchored in the implant body by a short simple twisting. For this purpose, the hollow body 6 is provided at the upper side with some short L-shaped channels c₂. The central core 7 is provided with some prominences c₃ that may engage in channels c₂. It is obvious from the drawings that the core 7 is introduced axially into the hollow body 6 and is rotated shortly for anchoring the same in said body. The two components are assembled in an extremely simple way. The composition as powder or as a cylindrical active pastille 8 may be introduced into the created space Ci. The core 7 is made of alloyed titanium or roxolid and is provided at its inner side with an oval or hexagon-shaped machining c₄ made in correspondence with the employed prosthetic blunt. In order to insert the implant into the alveolar bone, the hollow body 6 is provided at its extreme upper side with a hexagon-shaped machining c₅ made on a small portion of its length. However, it is obvious that implanting into the dental bone may be made by using an inner key adequate for the machining c₄. To the outer side, the body 6 is provided with a thread of a known shape a3. The core 7 is further provided at its lower side with a thread c₆. This helps to secure the prosthetic blunt by means of a screw passing therethrough. If we make a prosthetic

22 blunt also from zirconium oxide, it is obvious that this type of implant is recommended to persons with completely special sensitivity to metals. The hollow body 6 will be made up of zirconium oxide, roxolid or alloyed titanium. Substances to increase biocompatibility may be added or not to the outer side thereof.

Figures 13 to 17 present the third embodiment of the dental implant as claimed by the invention. This implant also includes a central rod with upper head 9 to be introduced into the hollow body 10 that is closed at the lower side and open at the upper side where the rod is introduced.

The manner of carrying out allows assembling of the two elements to be made by means of a securing pin 11. The rod 9 may be made in the manner knwon from embodiment 1. In other words, it is provided with an upper head di wherein the prosthetic blunt is introduced, and with a polygon-shaped, for example a hexagon- shaped portion d₂, as in the first embodiment. The upper head, for exemplification, is provided with a hexagon-shaped machining cfe which helps both to insert the implant into the alveolar bone and to secure the prosthetic blunt in the correct position. It further includes a machining d₄ for assembling with a prosthetic blunt by the process with Morse cone. It is obvious that nothing prevents us from making a machining for assembling, with the prosthetic blunt, by a thread, exactly as in the first embodiment, as it is also obvious that the body b of the rod in the first embodiment can be processed for assembling with a Morse cone. In the present case, in the rod it is new the fact that at its joining with the hollow body 10, the polygon extension d₂ is provided with two diametrically arranged lateral fins d₅. These fins enter two recesses d₆ made in correspondence, in body 10 presented in figure 17. Obviously, the assembling of rod 9 with the hollow body 10 will be more steadfast. The body 10 is provided, as it could be expected, with a closed axial cavity d₇ in which either a powder composition or an active pastille similar to the one already mentined in figure 12 will be introduced. We remind that the central rod 9 with the hollow body is assembled by means of a securing pin 11. To this effect, through the two items 9 and 10 there will be drilled a hole d₈ perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the implant or laterally, perpendicular to the axis plane, but median to the two fins. It is to be added here the fact that the rod elasticity is depending on the titanium degree of alloying. For example, the grade 5 titanium is more rigid than the grade 2 titanium.

Due to the existence of the two lateral fins d₅ it is no longer necessary for the extension cfe of the rod to be polygonal. It may also be circular, as the two fins take over the twisting moment and the pin has only the role of positioning, stiffening and securing the assembly. It is the manufacturer's choice to make the rod 9 polygonal or not in the

23 section perpendicular to its rotation axis, or round, a version easier to carry out, since the inner cavity d₇ will also be circular. As we have already mentioned, to the outer side the two elements 9 and 10 of the implant may be provided with a thread d₉. As construction materials, we think it is already obvious that rod 9 may be carried out of titanium with its alloys, and the hollow body 10 may be carried out of zirconium oxide, porous titanium or alloys of titanium with zirconium. It is obvious that in this case we can take steps to increase biocompatiibility of said hollow body by depositing to the outer side thereof, by the process already known, growth proteins, minerals or other biological stimulents for integration.

Figures 18 and 19 present a concrete example of assembling a prosthetic blunt with the implant itself. The explanation given on figure 18 are, we hope, sufficiently explanatory. As a matter of fact, the solution is well known to doctors working in implantology. There was chosen the system for securing the prosthetic blunt by means of a resilient bush tightened by means of a screw passing through the inner part of the prosthetic blunt provided with a longitudinal channel. Obviously, if the inner core/central rod are provided with inner thread (d* c₆) there will also be used a screw and the same shape of blunt.

Of the three given embodiments presented so far, only the first embodiment presents an implant provided with a leading head 2. We also give another embodiment, the forth one of the implant presented in figures 20 to 24. As against the first embodiment, here things are a little reversed. The implant is made of an upper hollow head 12 made of alloyed titanium, or roxolid, an intermediary hollow shell 13 made up of zirconium or porous titanium and zirconiu with its alloys, a self-threading head 14 and an assembling pin 15. To the inner side of the hollow shell 13 an active pastille 16, represented only in figure 21 may be introduced. We state precisely, in order to avoid misunderstandings, that in figure 20 the shell 13 is secured directly to the rod. This is the situation where the stomatologist considers that for a certain patient it is not necessary to take additional steps for stimulating regeneration. In the new embodiment, the self-threading head 14 is provided with a shank e, of polygon shaped - for example hexagon shaped - in the cross section. Being provided with a supporting shank the self-threading head 14 will be easier to carry aut, since there will not be necessary to create auxiliary devices for gripping the same for machining. The upper hollow head 12 with the self-threading head 14 are assembled by means of a securing pin 15. To this end, the head 12 is provided at its lower side, starting from the end of the inner securing thread of the prosthetic blunt with a polygon shaped hole e₂ made in correspondence with the dimensions of rod e* of the self-threading head 14.

24 In figure 22 we give another embodiment of the hollow head 12 and of shell 13. We have already mentioned this before, when we presented figure 17, but in a reversed version, figure 13, namely when the upper head is provided with a rod. The head 12 is made here (figure 22) with two radially arranged lateral extensions e₃ entering two lateral recesses e₄ machined in shell 13. In this case, the twisting of shell 13 around the shank e_r of head 14 is prevented when between the shell and the shank r an active pastille 16 is interposed.

It obviously results from figures 20 and 21 that the distance between the terminal part of the inner thread of the hollow head 12 and of the terminal head of rod e* of the self-threading head 14 may be shorter or longer depending on their length so that a space es may be created therebetween for introducing any type of active composition therein. It is also obvious that this composition may be changed during the healing of the place for insertion of the implant. If it is not desired to create this space, then instead thereof, there may be achieved a separating wall e₆ as presented in figure 24. We have presented in detail the embodiments so far, fact which will allow us, to present only the main differentiating elements in the following embodiments.

Figures 25 to 27 present the fifth embodiment of the implant according to the invention, where the upper head is provided with threaded cavity for securing the blunt and with rod for securing the same in the shell/body by means of a pin. The rod may also be polygonal, and in this case the fins e₃ may be given up. We recommend however to carry out the two diametral fins, since this solution mai also strengthen the portion where the inner thread b₄ may be carried out. This solution also has as advantages the creation of a longer inner space f as well as the fact that the whole body of the implant may be of zirconium.

Figure 28 to 31 presents another embodiment of the implant of figure 25 to 27, where the upper head of the implant is joined to the shell by adequate adhering or welding. The implant is secured against twisting only by fins e₃ which enter the cavities e₄. In other words, if there is available an adhesive biocompatible to the human body, the head may be joined with the shell by adhering. Similarly, they may be joined by any welding process which does not cause incompatibilities from a biological viewpoint. It is obvious that this way an even longer inner space f will be created. Where appropriate, the thread base e₆ cover will be given up.

Figures 32 to 34 present another embodiment of the implant of figures 1 to 6, where the self-threading leading head 2 securing to rod b₂ of the upper implant head is carried out by the same pin 15. Here there were also maintained the fins since, as we already mentioned, the threaded hole b₄ will be reinforced.

25 Figures 35 to 37 present a new embodiment of the implant according to the invention, namely one where the body 16 thereof is carried out entirely of the same material, for example titanium oxide or roxolid. At the same time, this body is closed at its lower side with a plug 17, with a view to introducing the regenerating composition easier and it is provided with an inner haxagon b₃ for inserting the same into the dental bone and with thread b₄ for securing the prosthetic blunt. Although we think that it is no longer necessary.we repeat that this body is provided to the outerside with a relief design a₃. This embodiment has a further advantage, namely the fact that the implant may be carried out easily, both to the inner side and outer side only by mechanical machining on high output automatic machines.

Figures 38 to 41 present a version of the previous implant in figures 35 to 37, according to the invention, where its body 16' is closed at its lower side with the same plug 17 for introduciong the regenerating composition easier, but provided with an outer hexagon g for carrying out the insertion thereof. In our opinion, the advantage of this version would consist in that it may increase the inner hollow volume f.

At the same time the upper end will have a smaller diameter so as to create easily an adequate prosthetic blunt. It is obvious that it will be sufficient for said prosthetic blunt to cover only one of the outer hexagon sides.

Figures 42 to 47 present a favourite version of the implant claimed by the invention where its body 18 is provided to the inner part with an inner bush 19 threaded to the inner part, but hexagonal to the outer part - in other words, it is identical to a simple hexagonal nut - adhered or welded thereon, for assembling the prosthetic blunt. The bush 19 is arranged completely to the inner side of body 18, the biocompatibility condition of the adhering solution not being so severe. On the other hand, it is obvious that this implant body may be entirely made of zirconium, since it does not undergo any complex techological machining, for example thread. It is to be noticed that it may also be provided with an inner plug through which the active substance may be filled or, possibly, the welding of the bush to the implant body may be carried out. The heaxagonal bush is arranged inside the implant body by providing a hexagonal machining ft at the upper side thereof, said hexagonal machining being carried out in compliance with the hexgonl bush dimensions.

Figures 48 and 49 present a version that is partially similar to the preceeding embodiment of the implant claimed by the invention, wherein its body 18' is also provided to the inner side with an identical inner bush 19 attached to it by adhesive or welded for assembling the prosthetic blunt, but at the lower side it is provided with another hexagonal machining ft' wherein it is also secured by attaching with adhesive

26 or adequate welding, a self-threading leading head 14' similar to the head 14, with the only difference that it has a much shorter shank or rod /.

Figures 50 to 54 also present a preferred version of the previous implants in Figures 42 to 49, wherein a body 18" is similar to the two previous ones, but made even simpler, namely without the hexagonal machining h'. In this case, a self- threading leading head 14" is screwed in the inner bush, in order to ensure the bush being maintained in position. To this end, the leading head is provided with a shank threaded in compliance with the thread of bush 19. The solution is very simple and recommended by us, since we do not have to make any additional works to maintain the inner bush in position. All implants, from 48 to 54 also have the advantage that, by being provided with self-threading head they ensure a very good primary stability, even if they are of ceramics.

Figures 55 to 57, the version of the implant in figures 50 to 54 wherein the self- threading leading head was substituted by a simple cap screw 20 that has only the role to ensure the maintaining of the inner bush 19 in position.

As we have already mentioned, some of the medical devices briefly mentioned previously may be connected, for longer or shorter periods of time, as the case may be, within a medical cabinet or even by the patient, during the pause or rest periods, to electonic devices known per se, for accelerating the integration. The block diagram of such a device is given in Figure 58. The electronic device will be made up of two distinct elements; the excitation element, usually a coil - which generates the variable frequency electro magnetic field incorporated in various intraoral devices, and the low frequency generator that will have the dimensions of a usual battery supplied hotter and the patient will use the whole assembly as an energy healing system (Oshman, page 87). More exactly, the electronic equipment for generatin very low frequency magnetic field in the dental implant or of the tooth region, consists of a microgenerator of functions having an integrated microcircuit at the basis, for example XR2206. The assembly has to generate - for example - an adjustable frequency ranging from 0.9 - 75Hz with various signal shapes. The circuit shall also meet an essential condition with regard to the outpuit signal level. It is known that the healing phenomena have at the basis magnetic inductions of 0.000000001 - 0.000000000001 Tesla.

The signal generator will be connected to the intraoral device through a very thin coaxial conductor. From the generator, through this conductor there starts a variable current of the amplitude and frequency decided by the doctor. In the intraoral devices, coils will be secured exactly where healing is desired to be accelerated, for example in front of the implant. This device may increase the blood microcirculation both by the

27 electromagnetic oscillation and by thermal way by slightly heating the region to be treated.

And now some more words about each subject-matter of the invention.

Since the present invention presents the technical solution that is the subject- matter thereof in very many embodiments, but all having at their basis the same inventive concept, in order to maintain the unity of the invention, we consider necessary to say a few words related to the embodiment indicated for a case or another. The first conclusion to be drawn is connected to the consistence or hardness of the bone where a certain type of implant is to be inserted. The higher elasticity implants will be used in the rear region where the bone is soft and elastic while in the front region, where the bone is hard, implants of lower elasticity will be chosen. Though maybe more rigid at the beginning, the elasticity of the implant models with rod will vary in time, due to the play occurring between the titanium head and the zirconium oxide body. And this is so because in time, the zirconium oxide will abrade the titanium rod. This adjustment in time of the implant elasticity is in compliance with the modification of the osseous structure. We can say that the implant is adapted to the elasticity modifications of the bone. Due to osteoporosis or even to physiological ageing, the bone in time becomes spongious. In time, as the implant elasticity increases, it may adapt to the new situation. As a matter of fact, this advantage - very important - can be found in most implants that are the subject-matter of the invention, except for the ones entirely made of zirconium oxide. The implant entirely made of zirconium oxide is recommended to be used in the front region of the jaws, combining the aesthetic advantage of achieving the cervical region of the implant of zirconium oxide with maintaining a high rigidity, synchronously with the modifications in time of the bones in the front region of the jaws. The implant elasticity may also vary in time depending on the metal the pin is made up of, as well as on the position thereof along the rod, consequently implicitly depending on its length. A pin made of a more elastic metal may allow a higher elasticity of the implant. Then, a general criterion will consist in that, in order to obtain an elasticity in compliance with the jaw portion where the implant is to be inserted, the ratio between the mass and number of elements in the metal alloy and mass and number of elements made of zirconium oxide may vary. In other words, implants that are the object of figures 1, 2, 3, 13, 20, 21 have a higher elasticity, since in the construction thereof more alloyed titanium is incorporated, and the implants that are the object of figures 35, 38, 42 are more rigid, since zirconium oxide predominates here.

Many changes brought to this implant are based on the experience and phenomena observed by practitioners in their current activity.

28 Thus, in case of occurrence of periimplantar infection, it was demonstrated that it is possible to sterilize the region affected by infection, provided that in this portion of the implant there does not exist a connection between two components. Also, it was demonstrated that, in case of an implant where the periimplantite decreased below its upper third, the infection cannot be treated and the implant is recommended to be replaced. For this reason, as it can be seen, the implant claimed by the invention, does not have connections in its upper third, fact that confers on it a special mechanical strength.

The special construction of the implant consequently allows the integration therein, even from the factory, of some elements made up of an active composition, but also the temporary addition, for short periods of time, both intraorally and to the outer side of some dental devices also made of this composition, or of a composition with the same biological characteristics, devices that also have the same role in slowing down the resorption of tissues affected by the implant insertion.

After the implant insertion, the periimplantar healing passes through many stages well-known with regard to chronology and physiology. The stomatologist doctor may reinvigourate this regenerating signals in the period between the implant insertion and the application of the final prosthetic blunt, and by applying some cicatrizing/healing blunts and a temporary prosthetic blunt which should contain the desired substances incorporated in plactics and which, could be connected or not to termostate-controlled heating devices or to biocompatible wave generators. After the integration period, the final prosthetic blunt shall be mounted inside the implant. The coexistence of signals permanently generated due to the substances incorporated with signals generated for certain periods of time due to the substances or coils inserted upon the doctor's decision, will allow an individualized response depending on the patient's reactivity and on the periimplantite occuring hazard.

The composition that is active biologically may be made up of any of the previously quoted minerals or substances which have the quality of lowering the local reluctance, and possibly, of resonator for very low frequencies favourable to tissues adjacent to implant; more exactly, it is about mineral compositions including silicates, such as for example opal, or some substances, such as orthorhombic calcium carbonate, octacalcium phosphate, known and already applied at the moment in the world, or which will be developed subsequently. As a particular case, the composition may also be made by grinding a tooth of said patient, or even from another patient, up to particle dimensions in the range of 20 to 150 pm, said tooth having been previously extracted for various reasons. Since this type of compositions, particularly the ones

29 obtained from a crystal or from a ground human tooth cannot be provided in a large amount, it is recommended to use them intraorally.

Also as a particular case, the composition may also include ground natural salt crystals, including powder obtained from teeth, horns, human or animal bones, used separately or in admixture. This type of compositions is recommended to be used by external medical devices.

Also, the compositions meant to be used intraorally may be employed alone or in admixture with one another and, where appropriate, they may be used as such or embedded in a polar polymer. This polymer is recommended to have a polarization higher than or at least equal to that of polyethylene. In the implant, in order to have a more powerful regenerating effect, the composition is employed, as a rule, simple, as powder, but it may also be employed pressed in the shape of the implant cavity.

The substance to be introduced inside the implant even from the factory and to remain there will be for example opal or calcium carbonate or ground human or animal bone, since it is known that they stimulate the formation of bone. The introduction into some devices of the coils connected to the electronic generator for the purpose of preventing the occurrence of peri implantite is encouraged since a tighter periimplantar ring will be formed that will prevent the ccurrence of periimplantite.

Similarly, the intraoral use composition will also be used as powder if it will be introduced into the space created after the devitalization of a tooth or at the tooth root.

These compositions may also be employed for preparing materials for radicular or coronary obturations since they simultaneously have three important advantages:

- favour the production of the secondary biocompatible radiation;

- determine the formation of a new dentine - called secondary dentine;

- bring the thermal exansion factor of different materials close to the natural tooth coeffciient, thereby avoiding fractures.

In the mixture of materials for obturation, there will be added up to 20% by weight of powder opal or human or animal tooth groud up to a particle size in the range of 20 to 150pm.

We repeat that said compositions, may also be used to carry out implant elements, for example, having the shape of granules, filaments or tubular or in the shape of a small bolt, depending on the inner implant space. By incorporating into polar polymer such as low or high density polyethylene or in other polymer with a better polymerization degree, the composition may also be used for making implant elements of bigger dimensions, that we called intraoral dental devices, such as healing and/or cicatrizing blunts or even temportary prosthetic blunts which are to be finally replaced

30 by metal blunts made up of titanium or, preferably, zirconium oxide or roxolid. It is recommended to make these blunts by incorporating minerals into polymers of a polarity higher than polyethylene, and of higher durity, such as, for example acrylate, since the resistance thereof shall be higher, although they are not used for mastication. However, the repeated passing of the alimentary bolus on them causes the destruction thereof.

Radicular pivots for dental roots, acrylic dental works such as prostheses or fixed works etc may also be made of acrylic material incorporating minerals. There may also be carried out various types of medical devices used supragingivally, such as for example guards or bars for immobilization of teeth and implants.

Moreover, pillows for sleeping during the night or even various coverings for head and/or jaws may be made of compositions of similar qualities, such as, for example, natural salt, ground animal horns, volcanic rocks etc., for the ones that cannot adapt themselves to wearing a guard. It is to be noticed that the mechanism we described, relating to the treatment with salt is different from the mechanisms used in all other treatments with salt crystals, since the already described treatments are based on the salt contact with the cells - treatments that had an antiseptic effect and the pH adjusment. Our treatment means that the salt, namely other minerals, remains blocked inside the medical devices and we have no risk of excessive ingeration of salt in case of prolonged treatment compulsory for slowing down tissues resorption. It is obvious that for the inner works, such as guards or dental cements, silicate such as opal may be employed, the amounts of active substance will be less here.

With regard to incorporating the composition in a polymer, the process is the following: the active crystals are mixed with granules of high polarity polymers at a temperature specific to that polymer, then they are regranulated by breaking the thus obtained block. The new granules are processed to the necessary shape by hot or cold die-pressing. For making guards and various prosthetic works said granules are hot pressed between two or more polar polymer sheets, thereby obtaining a sandwich-like product. The advantage of this technique is that the active minerals do not come into contact with the tissues and thus the risks of adverse effects are reduced. It is to be noticed that the temporary character blunts but provided with activating devices and namely with thermostate-controlled heating systems as well as /or coils excited from an electronic device for generating biocompatible frequencies will be connected to these devices by the doctor conducting the treatment, within the medical cabinet, and the guards and outer medical devices such as pillows and head and jaw coverings may be connected to these devices by the patient.

31 Preferably, all these devices will be carried out with compositions capable of reducing local reluctance and/or of resonating with biocompatible frquencies of 7 Hz if destined to osseous regenration, 10 Hz if destined for ligament regeneration, 15, 20 and 72 Hz if meant to form new capillaries and 2 Hz, 25 Hz and 50 Hz if meant for nervous regeneration, or 33.3 Hz the calcium resonating frequency if meant to regenrate calcium in tissues.

Though the subject-matter of the present invention is limited only to some problems of the oro-maxilo-facial region, we recommend the adoption of this method by using external devices also specially adapted for solving similar problems in other fields - cosmetics, orthopedy, rheumatology etc. We repeat to this effect the example given at the beginning. Decreasing the blood microcirculation has as an effect the occurrence of wrinkles on the old people face skin. The dead cells are no longer removed and replaced, but they remain in the region causing the occurrence of wrinkles.

32

Claims

DENTAL IMPLANT AND SET OF MEDICAL ELEMENTS AND DEVICES FOR ACCELERATING THE OSTEOINTEGRATION THEREOFCLAIMS

1. Dental implant made as a cylindrical or slightly frustoconical bolt provided with an upper portion serving both for insertion into the jaw bone and to secure the prosthetic blunt into it, a median portion provided at its outer side with a relief drawing (a₃), for example a thread, for ensuring primary retentioin and possibly, with a leading head at its lower side, characterized in that within some first embodiments it consists of a central hollow rotation outer body (3, 6, 10, 13, 16, 18) which axially includes in a first embodiment a central rod (1 ) provided with an upper head (b or, in another embodiment, a central nut (7, 19), the rod (1) being provided at the upper head (b-i), respectively the central nut (7, 19) being provided with a profiled cavity (b₃, c₄) for entraininng the implant in a rotary motion with a view to inserting it and, axially, with a threaded cavity (b₄, C&) for securing the prosthetic blunt therein, said rod or said central nut being secured inside the central body (3, 6, 10, 13, 16, 18) by screwing, adhering, welding, anchoring pin, Morse cone or any other means allowing a solid anchoring thereof to the revolution axis of the central body, the central body (3, 6, 10, 13, 16, 18) being also provided with an axial central space (a₄, c^ wherein there will be disposed even from the manufacturing peocess various elements made of biologically active compositions, within another embodiment, in its lower side, the central body (16) being closed with a wall obtained by mechanical machining or casting, with a plug (17), a self-threading head (14') or with a screw (20) with the role of securing the central nut (19), also at its lower end, under the central body, the rod (1 ) being further provided witn a self-threading leading head (2).

2. Dental implant according to claim 1 , characterized in that, for the purpose of preventing the periimplantar infections, all the connections between the metal constituting the rod (1) and the central body (7) made of zirconium alloy are arranged below its upper third.

3. Implant according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that for the purpose of obtaining an elasticity in compliance with the jaw portion to be inserted, the ratio between the mass and number of metal alloy elements and the mass and number of zirconium oxide elements will be varied.

4. Composition comprising crystalline structure minerals such as opal, capable of lowering the magnetic reluctance of a dental portion and/or of resonating with the electromagnetic frequencies in the buccal cavity, characterized in that for carrying out intraoral devices, namely healing/cicatrizing blunts, temporary prosthetic blunts, guards,

33 radicular pivots, immobilization bars and incrustation, crowns and bridges said composition will be used incorporated in polar polymers of a polarity at least equal to the one of polyethylene, preferably an acrylate; the composition may also be used as an ingredient for obturation materials.

5. Composition according to claim 3, characterized in that for inserting into the dental implants or for achieving intraoral devices it may include human or animal tooth ground as fine as opal and admixed therewith in equal ratios.

6. Composition comprising minerals having a crystalline structure capable of reducing the magnetic reluctance of a dental portion and/or of resonating with the electromagnetic frequencies in buccal cavity, characterized in that it is obtained of natural salt, volcanic rocks and/or animal horns, alone or in admixture, meant to be used for making pillows or coverings for head and/or jaw.

7. Process for obtaining medical devices according to claims 3 and 4 such as healing/cicatrizing blunts and prosthetic blunts, including guards, characterized in that the active crystals are admixed with granules of high polarity polymers at the melting temperature specific to said polymer, then they are regranulated by breaking the thus obtained block, thereafter, in order to obtain blunts for implant, the granules in molten condition will be pressed in die, while for obtaining guards, the obtained granules are hot pressed between two or more sheets of polar polymer depending on the necessary rigidity, thus obtaining a sandwich-like product of which the final product individualized for each patient is obtained.

8. Elements made of the composition according to claim 3 and 4, characterized in that, in case when arranging inside the teeth or implants, they may be as powder or pressed in the shape of the cavity formed inside the tooth or implants, possibly in admixture with a polar polymer..

9. Medical devices accoreding to claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the ones having intraoral character, namely the temporary blunts, guards as well as the outer ones, namely coverings for head and jaw will be provided with thermostate-controlled heating systems that may ensure a tempretaure ranging from 50 to 55°C as well as with coils excited form an electronic device for generating biocompatible frequencies, known per se, said coils being inserted in front of the said prosthetic works.

10. Material for radicular or coronary obturation, characterized in that, when obtaining the same there are added 20% by weight of opal powder or human or animal tooth ground up to a particle size from 20 to 150 pm.

11. Use of the elements and devices according to claims from 1 to 10 for slowing down the tissue resorption and implicitly for accelerating their healing.

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12. Use of the devices according to claim 9, in which the temporary blunts but provided with activation, namely with thermostate-controlled heating systems as well as/or coils excited by an electronic device generating biocompatible frequencies will be connected to these devices by the doctor, within the medical cabinet, and guards and outer medical devices, such as pillows and coverings for head and jaw will be connected to these devices by the patient.

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