WO2012027969A1

WO2012027969A1 - Method and system for four-dimensional electrocardio diagnosis instrument

Info

Publication number: WO2012027969A1
Application number: PCT/CN2011/001485
Authority: WO
Inventors: 赵哲
Original assignee: Zhao Zhe
Priority date: 2010-09-01
Filing date: 2011-09-01
Publication date: 2012-03-08
Also published as: CN101912260A; CN101912260B

Abstract

A method and system for a four-dimensional electrocardio diagnosis instrument. The system comprises a device interface module, a signal acquisition and processing module, an electrocardio signal filtering module, an acquired electrocardiogram display module, an archive file management module, a comprehensive electrocardiogram display module, a two-dimensional electrocardiogram display module, a three-dimensional electrocardiogram display module, a teaching demonstration module, a diagnostic report printing module, an electrocardio-parameter extracting module, an automatic diagnosis module, an electrocardiogram automatic recognition module, a user operation interface module and a software security management module. Provided are a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), an orthogonal electrocardiogram (O-ECG), a vector electrocardiogram (zV-ECG), a timed vectorcardiogram (T-VCG), a directional-change timed vectorcardiogram (DCT-VCG), a continuous vectorcardiogram (C-VCG), detached / amplified vectorcardiograms (D/A-VCG), a plane vectorcardiogram (VCG), a three dimensional vectorcardiogram (3D-VCG), a three dimensional image vectorcardiogram (3DI-VCG) and a comprehensive electrocardio-activity diagram. A diagnostic report is presented in the forms of text, forms, and images.

Description

Method and system for implementing four-dimensional electrocardiograph

Technical field

The invention relates to a method and a system for realizing a four-dimensional electrocardiograph, belonging to the technical field of computer programs.

Say

Background technique

Application No.: 20081 02 30405. The invention of the invention discloses an ECG signal collecting device, which comprises a signal collecting module for collecting an electrocardiogram signal of a body of a human body; and a processor for controlling the electrocardiogram Signal acquisition and data transmission, connected to the signal acquisition module and interface control module; interface control, used to communicate with external devices, connected to the 敖 processor. The signal acquisition module comprises two parts: signal amplification and high-precision analog-to-digital conversion, for converting the collective ECG signal and converting the collected analog signal into a digital signal recognizable by the microprocessor, and connecting with the microprocessor; The control module is used for data interaction between the microprocessor and the host of the PC or the host of the electrocardiograph (hereinafter referred to as the host), and the connection is: the processor and the host. The device is controlled by the microprocessor to the signal acquisition module and the interface control module, and cooperates with the host software to smash the 12-lead ECG signal of the collective table without other devices.

The prior art is mostly a two-dimensional electrocardiogram display technical solution. The present invention changes the current state of the art, provides a computer program as a technical basis solution, and realizes a method and system for realizing a four-dimensional electrocardiograph. Summary of the invention

In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a method and system for implementing a four-dimensional electrocardiograph. A realization system of a four-dimensional electrocardiographic diagnostic apparatus adopts a 15-channel input channel lead system of 16 electrode lines, that is, a Frank 7-electrode system and a conventional 12-lead electrocardiogram 10 electrode line, wherein Frank's Y-axis positive electrode and Electrocardiogram left 踝 electrode parallel; Frank lead and traditional ECG lead can be synchronized and / or individually used selectively, the X, Υ, Ζ ECG signals extracted by Frank lead are processed by computer through mathematical formula to generate two Dimensional linear expression of "vector electrocardiogram z-VECG"; three-dimensional planar electrocardiogram, four-dimensional stereocardiogram and four-dimensional stereoscopic electrocardiogram, including device interface module, signal acquisition and processing module, ECG signal filtering module, acquisition ECG display module, archive file management module , integrated ECG display module, 2D ECG display module, 3D ECG display module, teaching demonstration module, diagnostic report printing module, ECG parameter extraction module, automatic diagnosis module, ECG automatic identification module, user interface module and software security management Module; device interface module is to control the collection device And receiving the ECG sampling data from the collecting device; the signal collecting and processing module is configured to perform the inspection, structural reorganization, filtering, storage, submission display, and error reporting of the collected signals, and prepare data for subsequent processing;

The ECG signal filtering module realizes the filtering requirement for all ECG signals; on the one hand, real-time filtering is performed during the ECG signal acquisition process; on the other hand, the saved original unfiltered ECG signals are performed during display and printing. Filtering

The ECG display module is used to display the ECG signal acquisition process on the screen. The main components are 15-lead dynamic refresh ECG waveform 12-lead Wilson and 3-lead Frank lead system XYZ ECG signal display, reception, processing, and acquisition-related User menu, toolbar operation commands and updates of dynamic information items, electronic time cards, dynamic heart rate display, signal anomaly flags; The integrated ECG display module is implemented and displayed on the screen with a time axis + linear expression of the one-dimensional electrocardiogram and the amplitude, angle and time of the ECG signal expressed in the time axis + plane at 25, 50, 75, 100, 200 mm / s Change in coordinates;

In addition to displaying graphics, this module provides automatic and manual marking, modification, selection, de-selection, and deletion of cardiac cycle recognition.

The 2D ECG display module displays the specified four plane heart vector maps (VCG) from the screen window, ie frontal (F), horizontal (H), right and left (RS / LS); 3D ECG display The module provides one or more specified cardiac cycles. The 3D-VCG is displayed in the screen window. The 3D-VCG is a human-computer interactive 3D graphics window. The diagnostic report printing module provides all diagnostic reports and color graphics printing functions. The parameter extraction module refers to the extraction of cardiac bioelectrical signal parameters in the recorded cardiac cycle, such as time, space, instantaneous, interval, azimuth, amplitude, angle, ratio, area, and morphological parameters. Quantitative qualitative changes through these parameters. , providing a basis for electrocardiographic diagnosis;

The ECG automatic identification module automatically recognizes various waveforms of 1D, 2D and 3D ECG from time and space to achieve automation, efficiency and objectivity, comprehensiveness, accuracy and meticulousness of ECG parameter extraction. , intuitive and visual;

The automatic diagnosis module is based on the above-mentioned ECG data acquisition, extraction and identification (artificial + automatic), according to the characteristics of cardiovascular disease, index setting, identification, storage, classification, extraction, qualitative, quantitative and unique three-dimensional ECG expert intelligent diagnosis Diagnostics include: text diagnosis, one, two, three-dimensional, four-dimensional graphical diagnosis and visual ^ graphical diagnosis;

The user interface module is a general term for a series of modules; it is not a separate module, but covers all common interface modules and other module-specific interface code parts. Single, button response handler, toolbar, status bar display control code, dedicated modules for various dialogs.

The device interface module is connected to the signal acquisition processing module, and the signal collection processing module is connected to the user operation interface module and the ECG signal filtering module;

The ECG signal filtering module is connected to the user interface module and the archive file management module;

The diagnostic report printing module is connected with a signal acquisition processing module, an archive file management module, an automatic diagnosis module, a user operation interface module, an electrocardiogram parameter extraction module, and an electrocardiogram automatic recognition module;

The user operation interface module is connected to the collection electrocardiogram display module, the integrated electrocardiogram display module, the two-dimensional electrocardiogram display module, the three-dimensional electrocardiogram display module and the teaching demonstration module; the collection electrocardiogram display module, the integrated electrocardiogram display module, the two-dimensional electrocardiogram display module, the three-dimensional electrocardiogram display module The teaching demonstration module is connected with the ECG parameter extraction module and the ECG automatic identification module.

A method for implementing a four-dimensional electrocardiograph includes:

A method for realizing a four-dimensional electrocardiograph is an application software system for intelligent diagnosis of three-dimensional electrocardiograph experts. The system is based on computer operation control and arithmetic processing. It integrates physiological ECG signal acquisition, Internet, 3D graphic display, color printing and other related auxiliary technologies to realize omnidirectional, full-angle, visual, intelligent and 3D ECG diagnosis. Analysis function.

A method for realizing a four-dimensional electrocardiograph is characterized in that the step of the lower signal of the digital signal acquisition board is a program flow on the hardware acquisition board of the electrocardiogram signal, and the function is to digitize the collected analog signal and transmit it to the upper computer. ; The upper computer processing flow is the processing of the main computer of the electrocardiograph; for the charging process, the upper computer obtains the data received from the USK device (the digital signal acquisition board lower computer) through the standard device IO function, and then performs a series of subsequent processing to complete the ECG signal. The filtering step, the storing step, and the integrated ECG display flow display step, thereby completing the collection of the electrocardiogram data. DRAWINGS

Figure 1 The overall structure of the electrocardiograph software;

Figure 2 acquisition ECG display program flow chart (subprogram);

Figure 3 acquisition ECG display control flow chart (main program);

Figure 4 shows the main program flow of ECG signal filtering;

Figure 5 is a flow chart of the two-dimensional parameter IIR filter program;

Figure 6 integrated ECG display control program flow chart (main program);

Figure 7 shows the flow chart of the integrated ECG display program (main program);

Figure 8 signal acquisition processing program host computer flow chart (main program:);

Figure 9 signal acquisition processing program host computer flow chart (subprogram:);

Figure 10 Flow chart of the lower position machine of the signal acquisition and processing program;

Figure 11 is a block diagram showing the structure of the present invention;

Figure 12 is a logic block diagram of the present invention;

Figure 13 Vector ECG [F, Side S, three faces, 54 leads];

Figure 14 Single lead diagram of a vector ECG;

Figure 15 Multi-lead vector ECG instantaneous generation of a demo;

Figure 16 Free lead projection.

Figure 17 shows the amplitude and angle display of the QRS maximum heart vector; Figure 18 Orthogonal electrocardiogram (0-ECG), directional time heart vector diagram (CT-VCG), temporal heart vector diagram (T-VCG), continuous heart vector diagram (C-VCG), and decomposition/magnification heart vector diagram ( D/A-VCG).

detailed description

Embodiments of the invention are described.

It is apparent that many modifications and variations made by those skilled in the art based on the teachings of the present invention are within the scope of the invention.

The 4D ECG Diagnostic Instrument (3D-ECGz-l) software implementation is an application software system for 3D ECG expert intelligent diagnosis based on WINDOWS operating system. The system is based on computer operation control and arithmetic processing. It integrates physiological ECG signal acquisition, Internet, 3D graphic display, color printing and other related auxiliary technologies to realize omnidirectional, full-angle, visual, intelligent and 3D ECG diagnosis. Analysis function. which is:

1), to provide users with the Wilson and Frank lead system ECG signal synchronization acquisition, data processing, file storage, display tracing the following graphics:

1. Synthetic electrocardiogram (SECG);

2, one-dimensional electrocardiogram (Oen dimensional electrocardiogram, 1D-ECG). Including: vector electrocardiogram (zV-ECG);

3. Two dimensional electrocardiogram (2D-VCG). Including: time heart vector diagram / time vector diagram / time of heart vector diagram ( Timed vectorcardiogram I Direction changing timed vectorcardiogram I Continual vectorcardiogram, T-VCG / DCT-VCG/ C-VCG );

4. Three dimensional electrocardiogram (3D-ECG). Including: Three dimensional vector cardiogram (3D-VCG); 5, 3D synthetic electrocardiogram (3D-SECG) ₀ includes: vector electrocardiogram (zV-ECG), plane heart vector diagram (VCG) and stereocardiogram vector diagram (3D-VCG);

6. Three dimensional vector cardiogram (3D-VCG);

7, traditional 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG);

8. Orthogonal electrocardiogram (O-ECG);

9, flat heart, vector map (Vectorcardiogram, VCG);

10. Teaching graphic presentation system.

2) Based on the automatic identification system and expert intelligent diagnosis system for all the above electrocardiograms.

3), real-time, synchronization, conversion, combination, decomposition, amplification, omnidirectional, full-angle rotation display, observation, printing and wired/wireless interconnection/network transmission of various graphics; thereby providing users with a broader view of ECG observation and More objective ECG analysis.

4), the preparation, animation, presentation and description of the teaching graphic presentation system.

5), other features.

This application software is developed based on VS.NET software platform and written in C++ language. The program framework is a single document template window framework based on MFC. The main base libraries on which the software is based are the Windows API interface, the MFC class library, the C library, and the C standard library.

The software consists of multiple functional modules. The overall structure of the module is shown in Figure 1.

In order to facilitate understanding, the modules in the figure are roughly divided according to functions. In fact, the scale difference of each module is very large, and some modules even contain many large sub-modules. Since the modules in the diagram are connected almost in pairs, a line that links multiple modules is used to briefly express all the relationships between them. Device Interface Module Function - Controls the acquisition device and receives ECG sample data from the acquisition device. The module consists of a USB device driver and an API interface function that communicate with the acquisition hardware.

The signal collection processing module function is to complete the tasks of checking, reconstructing, filtering, storing, submitting, and reporting errors of the collected signals, and preparing data for subsequent processing.

ECG signal filtering module function - is the software to achieve the filtering requirements of all ECG signals. On the one hand, real-time filtering is performed during the ECG signal acquisition process; the other square wave. The filter module must support low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, and band-stop functions of multiple frequencies, and flexibly select the filtering mode through the setting interface.

The function of collecting ECG display module is to display the ECG signal acquisition process on the screen. There are mainly 15 lead dynamic refresh ECG waveforms (XYZ ECG signals for 12-lead Wilson and 3-lead Frank lead systems) Display, Receive, Process, User menu related to acquisition, Toolbar operation commands and updates to dynamic information items , such as electronic time cards, dynamic heart rate display, signal anomaly signs, etc.

File Management Module Features - All ECG medical records are available. These include: archival file creation, location, reading and writing, location modification, copying, modification, and deletion. At the same time, it has the functions of browsing user profile information, filtering and searching user files, importing and exporting user files, deleting user files and file directories.

Integrated ECG display module - implements and displays on the screen the amplitude, angle and time of the ECG signal expressed in time axis + linear expression (one-dimensional electrocardiogram) and time axis + plane (according to 25, 50, 75, 100, 200 mm / s) Change in coordinates. Real-time, long-term, simultaneous, combined, converted, observed, and traced from 1 to 78 leads Note, ie: 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), 3-lead orthogonal electrocardiogram (0-ECG), 3-lead time-center vector diagram (T-VCG), 3-conversion time-to-center vector diagram (DCT-VCG), 3-lead Continuous heart vector diagram (C-VCG) and 54-lead vector electrocardiogram (zV-ECG).

In addition to displaying graphics, this module provides automatic and manual tagging, modification, selection, deselection, and deletion of cardiac cycle recognition.

2D ECG Display Module - Displays the specified four plane heart vector maps (VCG) from the screen window, ie frontal (F), horizontal (H), right and left (RS / LS). It can display the whole, decomposed and amplified ALL, P, QRS, T, U ring of a single <^ cycle or multiple cycles. You can jump into the 3D ECG display window by double-clicking on these rings to obtain omnidirectional, full-angle, objective, comprehensive and detailed observations.

3D ECG Display Module - Provides one or more specified cardiac cycles to display a 3D heart vector map (3D-VCG) in the screen window, which is one of the features of this technology. It is a three-dimensional graphics window that can be interacted with by humans. The coordinate system of the 3D heart vector graphics can be dragged with the mouse, and the whole angle can be freely rotated without blind spots. The three-dimensional coordinate system can be selected from various background modes such as: XYZ triaxial, color envelope, color cross plate, round hollow color cross plate with coordinates and 3D transparent virtual heart. At the same time, this window also provides a one-dimensional orthogonal electrocardiogram, a two-dimensional plane heart vector diagram, a dynamic demonstration of the heart-and-month bioelectrical expansion of the cardiac cycle, and a corresponding data comparison display T.

Teaching demonstration module - This module helps people understand and recognize through human-computer interaction: What is three-dimensional electrocardiogram; three-dimensional, flat and straight line expression; how traditional ECG is produced, its advantages and disadvantages, primary and secondary What is the fundamental difference? The screen window displays four screens at the same time: a stereo heart vector diagram and three plane (F, H, RS) heart vector diagrams. The number and angle of leads of each plane can be set as needed. Up to 18 observation angles of the vector electrocardiogram (zV-ECG) can be set, and the three planes can display the 54-lead vector electrocardiogram (zV-ECG). At the same time, the one-dimensional electrocardiogram generation process can be dynamically demonstrated not only in each plane; but also a free lead pointer is provided, which can be freely rotated within a range of 360 degrees by a mouse, and the guide is displayed when the pointer points to an angle. Joint angle vector electrocardiogram (zV-ECG);

Through the Frank ECG vector lead system, the acquired ECG signals are extended by computer technology applications to perform one-dimensional linear, two-dimensional and three-dimensional synchronization, homology, real-time conversion, observation and combined tracing;

In the vector electrocardiogram z-VECG, a set of virtual lead axis systems is provided. Each virtual lead axis has a face attribute and an angle attribute. According to these two attributes, the direction of a lead axis is determined by computer calculation. The difference between the positive and negative potentials of the electrocardiogram generated on the lead axis is displayed and the electrocardiogram is traced, that is, the lead angle is generated in the range of 0 to 360 degrees on the frontal surface F, the lateral surface H, and the side surface S, respectively. Vector ECG, each side is set with 0~18 lead axes, and 54 virtual lead axes are set on three sides. Each lead axis can set the angle of its lead axis, and the minimum movement of each lead axis The unit is 0.5 degrees and the lead axis being adjusted cannot exceed the adjacent front and rear lead axes.

Diagnostic Report Print Module - Provides all diagnostic reports and color graphics printing capabilities. Currently, eleven types of graphics are provided: 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), orthogonal electrocardiogram (0-ECG), vector electrocardiogram (zV-ECG), temporal heart vector diagram (T-VCG), and time-varying time center Vector diagram (DCT-VCG), continuous heart vector diagram (C-VCG), decomposition/magnification heart vector diagram (D/A-VCG), plane heart vector diagram (VCG), stereocardiogram vector diagram (3D-VCG). Stereoscopic image heart vector map (3DI-VCG) and integrated ECG activity map. Diagnostic report: It is in the form of text, report and image. Since this module not only supports the random combination of the above various graphics and the mapping function of human-computer interaction, but also provides the corresponding diagnosis report, this module is actually a large and complicated module, and is also the module with the largest code amount. One.

ECG parameter extraction module - refers to the extraction of cardiac bioelectrical signal parameters in the recorded cardiac cycle, such as time, space, instantaneous, interval, azimuth, amplitude, angle, ratio, area, shape and other parameters. Quantitative qualitative changes in parameters provide a basis for electrocardiographic diagnosis.

Automatic ECG recognition module - refers to the automatic identification of various waveforms of 1D, 2D and 3D ECG from time and airspace to achieve automation, efficiency and objectivity, comprehensiveness and accuracy of ECG parameter extraction. Careful, intuitive and visual.

Automatic Diagnostic Module - According to the above-mentioned ECG data acquisition, extraction and identification (artificial + automatic), according to the characteristics of cardiovascular disease, the indicators are set, identified, stored, classified, extracted, qualitative, quantitative and unique 3D ECG experts Intelligent diagnosis. Diagnostics include: text diagnosis, one, two, three-dimensional graphical diagnosis and visual 4匕 graphical diagnosis.

User interface module - is a general term for a series of modules. Instead of a single module, it covers all common interface modules and other module-specific interface code parts, such as menus, button response handlers, toolbars, status bar display control codes, special modules for various dialog boxes, etc. Wait. The features of this module are as follows: The module covers a wide range, the interaction between modules is complicated, and the code is scattered.

Software security management module - is to protect the operating environment of the professional software package through software and hardware encryption measures to prevent illegal copying and misappropriation of the software.

Embodiment 1 : A method for realizing a four-dimensional electrocardiograph, the process of collecting an electrocardiogram display program is composed of a process of two processes in a host computer, and a process is accepted The user's control command, the process runs in the main program message loop process, and the other process dynamically displays the collected ECG. The process runs in the ECG data receiving subprocess and shares a subprocess with the signal acquisition process.

All operations of the main process, including start and end, are initiated by the main program's message loop. The flow is executed by the start operation, terminated by the end operation, and can be arbitrarily performed between start and end.

As shown in Figure 2, the ECG display program flow chart is shown;

Step a-1: Enter the start program flow; take the ECG data segment; calculate the graphic y-axis offset; map the waveform to the bitmap with the background; replace the screen with the new cardiac potential map;

Step a-2: Determine the screen to rewind? If yes, rewind processing; turn to step a-3; if not, go to step a-3;

Step a-3: Determine the amplitude speed change? If yes; change processing; end; if no; end.

Figure 3 shows the ECG display control flow chart (main process);

Step b-1; enter the main program message loop selection through the user interface resource;

Step b-2; enter the main program message loop selection; select the main program message loop to start step b-3; select other operations of the main program message loop to enter step b-4; select to enter the end of the main program message loop to enter step b -5 ;

Step b-3: The main program message loop starts; provides the patient information information input interface, the window interface switches to the acquisition window, displays the initialization, starts the collection display sub-process; returns to step b-2; enters the main program message loop selection; Step b-4: Enter other operations of the main program message loop; amplitude ratio adjustment; speed adjustment; start disk recording; end disk recording; filter selection; each step of this step is returned to step b-2;

Step b-5: Enter the end program of the main program message loop; end the disk record, create the medical record file, close the acquisition display subprocess, open the new file and switch to the ECG window, and return to step b-2.

Figure 4 shows the flow chart of the ECG signal filtering program;

Step C- •1: Start;

Step C- ■ 2: Filter variable initialization;

Step C- ■3: Data buffering;

Step C- ■4: Select the filter parameter array;

Step C- ■5: IIR filtering;

Step C- ■6: Filter delay correction;

Step C--7: End.

Figure 5 is a two-dimensional parameter IIR filter program flow;

Step d-1 begins;

Step d-2 ECG data cycle; ECG data cycle ends to step d-8; Step d-3 takes data;

Step d-4 The number of parameters is cycled; the number of parameters ends and the process goes to step d-7;

Step d-5 The sum of the denominator coefficients generates a multi-level intermediate variable;

Step d-6 Molecular coefficient summation to generate a multi-level result variable; Go to step d-4;

Step d-7 takes the final result;

Steps d-8 end. In order to improve the filtering speed, the ECG signal filtering adopts the IIR infinite impulse response filtering method. The algorithm of IIR filtering is not complicated. The key is that in the calculation of filtering parameters, different filtering is only reflected in the selection of different filtering parameters. The filtering parameters are generated in advance. Because their calculation is very complicated, they can't be calculated by themselves. They can only be generated by MATLAB tools. According to different frequency bands, this process generates Butterworth, Chebyshev and elliptic filtering algorithms in advance. The parameters are available for selection.

Since the delay of the IIR filtering is relatively large, the process considers the delay correction to return the delayed data to the desired time position.

The two-dimensional IIR filtering process is a module in the main process of the previous filtering. The specific process of IIR filtering is carried out. The filtering algorithm completely complies with the algorithm block diagram provided by MATLAB tool. There is no principle to speak, and it can only be done.

As shown in Figure 6, the integrated ECG display control program flow (main program) is as follows; Step k-1; The user interface and timer resources will trigger the command to enter the main program message cycle selection;

Step k-2; enter the main program message loop selection; select the main program message loop begins to enter step k-3; select other operations of the main program message loop to step k-4;

Step k-3: The main program message loop starts; switches to the integrated ECG window; display, user interface initialization; opens the dynamic presentation timer; returns to step k-2; enters the main program message loop selection;

Step k-4: Enter other operations of the main program message loop; Lead angle type conversion processing; Waveform quantity adjustment; Amplitude ratio adjustment; Waveform aspect ratio adjustment; Presentation speed adjustment; Angle value display selection; 2D vector display selection; Vector display selection; grid display selection; projection line display selection; projection contrast mode conversion; free lead mode Change; generate demo switch control; lead angle setting dialog; cardiac cycle adjustment dialog; rotate free lead mouse response;

Display refresh; integrated ECG display process;

After the above various procedures of this step are completed, the process returns to step k-2;

Step k-5: Incoming call; Stop dynamic demo display; Turn off timer; Display end processing; End.

As shown in Figure 7, the integrated ECG display program flow (main program) steps are as follows: start; display parameter initialization; angle processing of different lead types; determine the data range of different refresh types; determine the layout parameters according to the amplitude; Projection control mode parameters; Set free lead mode parameters; Static text display; Free lead display processing; Static VCG line display processing; State waveform line display processing; Static projection line display processing; 3D maximum vector display processing; 2D maximum vector Display processing; dynamic graphics angle, position calculation; dynamic text display processing; dynamic VCG line erasing processing; dynamic waveform line erasing processing; dynamic projection point erasing processing; dynamic projection line erasing processing; dynamic VCG line display processing; Waveform line display processing; dynamic projection point display processing; dynamic projection line display processing; all dynamic graphics erase area calculation; save next drawing connection breakpoint; end.

The integrated ECG display program runs in the main process of the host computer. The displayed user control flow and display flow are all executed in the message loop of the main program.

The execution start of the integrated ECG display process is caused by the user's switching window action, triggered by the message loop. The program execution of the closed part of the process is not triggered directly by the message loop, but by the user's switching of other window actions, indirectly through the call.

The integrated ECG display refresh has two sources, one is the system instance refresh, and the other is the timer trigger refresh, which are triggered by the message loop. Other operations of the process are performed during the time period between the start and end operations, and can be performed in any number and order.

The integrated ECG display process is a sub-process included in the control process, although it is also run in the main process, but because of its importance, it is described separately.

Since the display process has more content, the logical discriminant relationship is too cumbersome, and it is difficult to express it on a small page. Therefore, it is omitted in the flowchart, and each process unit can be regarded as having a logical judgment.

As shown in Figure 8, the signal acquisition processing program host computer flow (main program): Step h-1: Start;

Step h-2: The device and file handle are initialized;

Step h-3: Create a data receiving processing sub-process;

Step h-4: Respond to the user command and set the control state;

Step h-5: End the acquisition? ; Yes; Send an end command to the child process;

Step h-6: Wait for the child process to end; close the device, file handle;

Step h-7: Convert the temporary file to an official file; End. As shown in Figure 9, the signal collection process host computer process (subprogram) Step i-1: Start;

Step i-2: Issue a receive command and wait;

Step i-3: receiving data and loading a pre-processing buffer;

Step i-4: Data magnification correction;

Step i-5: data filtering processing;

Step i-6: Extracting parameters such as heart rate and amplitude;

Step i-7: data saving processing; Step i-8: Calling the display module to refresh the screen;

Step i-9: Is it over? Yes; Perform step i-10, No; Return to step i-2; Step i-10: Exit the child process; End. As shown in Figure 10, the digital signal acquisition board (lower computer) process is as follows:

Step f-1: start;

Step f-2: Responding to the reset and transfer command of the upper computer;

Step f-3 : Is it reset? ;

Step f-4: Yes; Reset operation; No; Wrap the buffered data and send it through USK; Return to step f-2. Step g-1: start;

Step g-2: The signal is AD converted and cyclically buffered; this step loops until the FIFO is found;

Step g-3: Transfer the FIFO to step f-4 to wrap the buffered data and send it through the USK. Digital signal acquisition board (lower position machine) flow chart 10 is the program flow on the ECG signal hardware acquisition board. Its function is to digitize the collected analog signal and transmit it to the upper computer. The host computer is a more powerful computer, which can carry out more powerful subsequent processing of the sent data.

The whole process is composed of two startup processes, one is the USK communication process, and the other is the AD conversion process. Since the process is relatively simple, it will not be described in detail. The upper computer processing flow chart 8, 9 is the processing flow of the main computer of the electrocardiograph, the upper computer obtains the data received from the USK device through the standard device IO function, and then performs a series of subsequent processing to complete the functions of filtering, storing, displaying, etc. Complete the collection function of ECG data.

The process is completed by multiple processes. To facilitate understanding, the process of the two sub-processes is merged into a sub-process flow chart, so the 4 bar acquisition process can be considered as being completed by two processes. A main process and a child process.

The main process is mainly responsible for the response processing of user operations, such as the start and end of the acquisition, various adjustment controls in the middle of the acquisition process. The loop part of the process, in the actual implementation, is to use the message loop of the Windows program framework to complete the cyclic response of the program.

The sub-process flow is mainly responsible for the correction, filtering, saving, and display processing of dynamic data. It is a large loop process in the process. The control of the flow is controlled by global state variables. These state variables are generated by the flow of the main process. changed. The child process itself is also created by the main process, which is created in the second step of the main process.

As shown in Figure 11, the electrode line is connected by 16 and the channel is input to Einthoven-Goldberger- Wilson and Frank lead system 1; 15 isolation stages 2; resistor network 3; 15 lead system 4; preamplifier 5; filter 6; secondary amplifier 7; optical isolator 8; sample holder 9; analog to digital conversion (A/D) 10; USB interface 11; PC computer 12; plotter or thermal recorder 13. The 15-way lead system 1 takes the signals and sends them to the resistive lead network 3 through their respective isolation stages 2, and outputs a 12-lead ECG signal and a 3-lead orthogonal ECG signal 4, and sends them to the respective preamplifiers 5 ( The preamplifier features high input impedance, high gain, and high common-mode rejection ratio, which can amplify the microvolt-level signal by more than 1000 times without distortion. Filter 6 is used to filter out high-frequency noise and 50Hz noise. Two-stage gain adjustment 7 can meet different needs of use, and then send photoelectric isolation The separator 8 isolates the "ground" in front of the isolation stage from the "ground" of the microcomputer, reduces ground loops, reduces interference noise, and isolates the pre-stage from the power supply. The signal is transmitted to the sample and hold through the optical isolation stage. The analog-to-digital converter 10 performs A/D conversion 10 on each of the signals output from the sample-and-holder 9 and sends it to the computer 12 via the USB interface 11. Send to the plotter or thermal i recorder 13.

As shown in Figure 12, it uses Microsoft Windows application development and runs on the Windows 2000 operating system. The interface has a typical Microsoft Windows style. The development language uses VC++ series language tools. The development platform adopts international and popular VS.NET development. Toolkit. The program framework of the application uses the standard single document template class structure based on the MFC class library. The mainstream function is an MFC class function, and combines standard API functions and runtime library functions to achieve most functions. The 2D graphics display is implemented using GDI and GDI+ interfaces, and the 3D model display is implemented using OpenGL modules. Other software module libraries applied to are also interface development tool modules, acquisition card driver modules, and encryption lock application modules. In the function realization, the real-time ECG data is completed by the USB interface of the DMA transmission mode, the ECG data is filtered by software, and the expert intelligent diagnosis is performed by the self-developed diagnostic model. The user interface adopts multi-viewport switching technology. In addition to the commonly used menus and button tools, many window toolbars and many modes and modeless dialog boxes are applied to enhance the user's control ability. The three-dimensional heart vector image is imaged by perspective method, and a variety of coordinate stereoscopic lines, surface and stereo virtual heart models are available as backgrounds. The keyboard and mouse can be used for random observation and transformation. Document management is managed directly by the application. The software supports a variety of printer configurations. The software introduces network technology and database technology to realize resource sharing and large-scale management. Variable form 3D model control technology is realized by developing 3D models in 3D model performance. The stereo image electrocardiograph is realized by the main application program, and the overall logic block diagram of the software is shown in the figure.

12 is shown. The squares in the figure represent the software execution module, the circle represents the data medium, the single-line arrow represents the program control logic, and the double-line arrow indicates the data flow direction. Upper-level user interface management control and window management, print management, and file management are personnel-oriented modules, and other modules are support modules. In order to distinguish between different types of ECG data operations, the module is divided into real-time data processing part and static data processing part. The characteristic stereo electrocardiogram analysis processing function is in the static data processing stage.

A method for realizing a four-dimensional electrocardiograph is to use a cross plate with azimuth angle, a coordinate system, a spatial degree display, an intermediate hollow, and an adjustable color change in the stereoscopic electrocardiogram. And / or round, square, oval, prismatic and irregularly shaped cross plates, synchronized all angles, zoomed, rotated, printed.

A method for realizing a four-dimensional electrocardiograph, using a three-dimensional "virtual heart" as a lining, placed on a three-dimensional space heart vector ring; adjusting the color transparency of the "virtual heart"; adjusting various parts of the combined heart such as: / Right atrium, left/right ventricle, pericardium, coronary artery / vein; adjust the local, overall, size, shape, mandrel, spatial position of the "virtual heart".

A method for realizing a four-dimensional electrocardiograph, which directly displays the electrocardiographic definition of the electrocardiogram, the quantitative diagnosis, and the anatomy and morphological changes of the heart. Sexual imaging diagnosis.

As shown in Figure 13, the lead of the vector electrocardiogram is a virtual lead implemented by computer software. After each virtual lead has a face attribute, an angle attribute, and the direction of the lead is determined, the computer can calculate and trace the corresponding ECG figure on the lead axis.

The virtual lead axis provided by the system is in the range of 0~360 degrees on the frontal, lateral and side, respectively, setting 0~18 lead axes, and 54 virtual lead axes on each side, each The minimum number of turns between the leads is 0.5 degrees, and the angle of each lead can be set as needed. The vector electrocardiogram (z-VECG) can be displayed in synchronism with a traditional 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), or it can be viewed simultaneously with other 2D or 3D electrocardiograms.

The vector electrocardiograph also provides a teaching demonstration function module that helps to understand the interrelationship between the generation of transitions between the first, second and third-dimensional electrocardiograms. For example: Figure 14. shows the vector ECG generated when the lead axis angle is 30° in the frontal plane. Figure 15. Instant presentation of a horizontal multi-lead vector ECG for a dynamic display of a cardiac cycle, from the beginning (starting point) to the end (end point) of the plane VCG. Simultaneously, the lead axes are drawn at a point in time, and the respective lead axes are synchronously displayed to draw the corresponding vector electrocardiogram according to their respective angles in the coordinate system. Figure 16. The projection of the "free lead axis" is a way to display z-VECG and VCG. The free lead axis is a lead axis that is freely changed by the user. The axis is a vector line with a directional arrow. The center point of the vector line is at the origin (0) of the VCG coordinate, and the vector line has a millivolt unit scale. , used to measure the amplitude, the direction of the arrow is the positive value ( + ) of the vector ECG amplitude, and vice versa (- ). When the lead axis is rotated to an angle, the corresponding z-VECG appears at the same time, which is convenient for teaching and cognition. Figure 17. The amplitude and angle of the QRS maximum heart vector are used to determine the body orientation of the vector loop, such as front, back, left and right, up and down, with two displays: 1. is the maximum vector amplitude and angle of the two-dimensional (planar) VCG; 2. Is the maximum vector amplitude and angle of the three-dimensional (stereo) ECG. Although many vectors are close or even coincident in many cases, they are two different quantities that exist objectively, not absolutely equivalent. They are marked in two different colors.

As shown in FIG. 18, the plotted curves include: a twelve-lead electrocardiogram, an orthogonal electrocardiogram, a vector electrocardiogram, a time heart vector diagram, a reversal time heart vector diagram, a continuous heart vector diagram, and a stereo heart vector diagram. The above graphic can be synchronously or itemized continuously drawn output devices. As described above, the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that the invention may be modified without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, such modifications are also included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

Claim

1. A system for realizing a four-dimensional electrocardiograph, by using a 16-electrode wire

The 15-channel input lead system, the Frank's 7-electrode system and the traditional 12-lead ECG 10 electrode line, where Frank's Y-axis positive electrode is connected in parallel with the left electrocardiogram electrode; Frank leads and traditional ECG leads can be synchronized And / or selectively used separately, the X, Υ, Ζ ECG signals extracted by the Frank lead are processed by a mathematical formula to generate a two-dimensional linear expression of the "vector electrocardiogram z-VECG"; three-dimensional plane electrocardiogram, four-dimensional Stereo ECG and 4D stereoscopic electrocardiogram, including device interface module, signal acquisition and processing module, ECG signal filtering module, electrocardiogram display module, archive file management module, integrated electrocardiogram display module, 2D electrocardiogram display module, 3D ECG display module, teaching demonstration module, diagnostic report printing module, ECG parameter extraction module, automatic diagnosis module, ECG automatic identification module, user operation interface module and software security management module;

The device interface module controls the collection device and receives the ECG sampling data from the collection device; the signal acquisition processing module completes the inspection, structural reorganization, filtering, storage, submission display, and error reporting of the collected signals, and prepares data for subsequent processing. ;

The ECG display module is used to display the ECG signal acquisition process on the screen. The main components are 15-lead dynamic refresh ECG waveform 12-lead Wilson and 3-lead Frank lead system XYZ ECG signal display, reception, processing, and acquisition-related User menu, toolbar Operation command and update of dynamic information items, electronic time card, dynamic heart rate display, signal abnormality flag;

The integrated ECG display module is implemented and displayed on the screen with a time axis + linear expression of the one-dimensional electrocardiogram and the amplitude, angle and time of the ECG signal expressed in the time axis + plane at 25, 50, 75, 100, 200 mm / s Change in coordinates;

The 2D ECG display module displays the specified four plane heart vector maps (VCG) from the screen window, ie frontal (F), horizontal (H), right and left (RS / LS); 3D ECG display The module provides one or more specified cardiac cycles. The 3D-VCG is displayed in the screen window. The 3D-VCG is a human-computer interactive 3D graphics window. The diagnostic report printing module provides all diagnostic reports and color graphics printing functions. The parameter extraction module refers to the extraction of the parameters of the cardiac bioelectrical signal in the recorded cardiac cycle, time, space, instantaneous, interval, azimuth, amplitude, angle, ratio, area, and morphological parameters, through quantitative quantitative changes of these parameters, Provide a basis for electrocardiographic diagnosis;

The ECG automatic identification module automatically recognizes various waveforms of 1D, 2D and 3D ECG from time and space to achieve automation, efficiency and objectivity, comprehensiveness and accuracy of ECG parameter extraction. , meticulousness, intuitiveness and visual life;

The automatic diagnosis module is based on the above-mentioned ECG data acquisition, extraction and identification (artificial + automatic), according to the characteristics of cardiovascular disease, index setting, identification, storage, classification, extraction, qualitative, quantitative and unique three-dimensional ECG expert intelligent diagnosis Diagnostics include: text diagnosis, one, two, three-dimensional graphical diagnosis and visual graphical diagnosis;

2* The user interface module is a general term for a series of modules; it is not a single module, but covers all common interface modules and other module-specific interface code parts, menu, button response processing functions, toolbars, status bar display control Code, dedicated modules for various dialogs.

2. The system for implementing a four-dimensional electrocardiograph according to claim 1, wherein the two-dimensional electrocardiogram display module is an integral, decomposed and amplified ALL, P, QRS for displaying a single cardiac cycle or a plurality of cycles. , T, U ring; by double-clicking these rings, jump into the 3D ECG display window to obtain omnidirectional, full-angle, objective, comprehensive and meticulous observations.

3. The system for implementing a four-dimensional electrocardiograph according to claim 1, wherein the screen window simultaneously displays four images: a stereo heart vector diagram and three plane (F, H, RS) heart vector diagrams. The number and angle of leads of each plane can be set as needed. Up to 18 observation angles of the vector electrocardiogram (zV-ECG) can be set, and the three faces can display the 54-lead vector electrocardiogram (zV-ECG); In the vector electrocardiogram z-VECG, a virtual lead axis system is provided. Each virtual lead axis has a face attribute and an angle attribute, and according to these two attributes, the direction of a lead axis is determined by the computer. Calculate the difference between the positive and negative potentials of the electrocardiogram generated on the lead axis and display the ECG pattern, that is, the lead angle is generated in the range of 0 to 360 degrees on the frontal surface F, the horizontal surface H and the side surface S, respectively. Vector ECG, each surface is set with 0~18 lead axes, and 54 virtual lead axes are set on three sides. Each lead axis can set the angle of its lead axis as required, and each lead axis moves. The minimum unit is 0.5 degrees, which is being adjusted Not exceed the lead axis adjacent the front of the lead axis. Is

4 . The implementation system of a four-dimensional electrocardiograph according to claim 1 , wherein the three-dimensional electrocardiogram display module uses a mouse to drag the coordinate system of the three-dimensional heart vector graphic, and synchronously rotates all directions at full angle and No blind zone; 3D coordinate system sets a variety of background modes: XYZ triaxial, color envelope, color cross plate or circular hollow color cross plate with coordinates and 3D transparent virtual heart; at the same time, this window also provides The one-dimensional orthogonal electrocardiogram of the cardiac cycle, the two-dimensional planar heart vector diagram, the dynamic demonstration of the myocardial bioelectrical expansion and the corresponding data comparison display.

5. The system for implementing a four-dimensional electrocardiograph according to claim 1, wherein the teaching demonstration module helps people understand and recognize through human-computer interaction: what is a three-dimensional electrocardiogram; stereo, plane and straight line; The relationship between the three is expressed; how is the traditional ECG generated, and the pros and cons, the fundamental difference between the primary and secondary.

6. The system for implementing a four-dimensional electrocardiograph according to claim 1, wherein the archive file management module has all the ECG medical records; including: archive file creation, positioning, reading and writing, positioning modification, copying, and modification. And delete the basic functions; at the same time, browse user file information, filter to find user files, import and export user files, delete user files and file directories.

7. The system for implementing a four-dimensional electrocardiograph according to claim 1, wherein the screen window provides a free lead pointer that is freely rotated by a mouse within a range of 360 degrees, when the pointer points to an angle. The vector electrocardiogram (zV-ECG) of that lead angle is displayed.

8. The system for implementing a four-dimensional electrocardiograph according to claim 1, wherein the diagnostic report printing module provides eleven types of graphic reports: 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), orthogonal electrocardiogram (0-ECG). ), vector electrocardiogram (zV-ECG), time heart vector diagram (T-VCG), reversal time heart vector diagram (DCT-VCG), continuous heart vector diagram (C-VCG), decomposition/magnification heart vector diagram (D /A-VCG ), plane heart vector diagram (VCG), stereo heart vector diagram (3D-VCG), stereo image heart vector diagram (3DI-VCG) and integrated ECG activity diagram; diagnostic report: using text, report and Image mode.

9. The system for implementing a four-dimensional electrocardiograph according to claim 1, wherein the software security management module protects the operating environment of the professional software package through software and hardware encryption measures, and prevents illegal copying of the software. And misappropriation.

10 . The implementation system of a four-dimensional electrocardiograph according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein the integrated electrocardiogram display module performs real-time, long-term, synchronization, combination, conversion, and 1 to 78 leads. Observation and tracing, namely: 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), 3-lead orthogonal electrocardiogram (0-ECG), 3-lead time-center vector diagram (T-VCG), 3-lead variable-direction time-center vector diagram (DCT-VCG), 3-lead continuous heart vector diagram (C-VCG) and 54-lead vector electrocardiogram (zV-ECG); through the Frank ECG vector lead system, the acquired ECG signals are extended by computer technology application, and one-dimensional linear and two Dimensional and three-dimensional synchronization, homology, real-time transformation, observation, and combined tracing.

11. The system for implementing a four-dimensional electrocardiograph according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein the device interface module is connected to the signal acquisition and processing module, and the signal acquisition and processing module is connected to the user interface module and the ECG signal. Filter module; i7 The ECG signal filtering module is connected to the user operation interface module and the archive file management module;

12. A method for implementing a four-dimensional electrocardiograph, characterized in that the digital signal acquisition board lower computer process step is a program flow on the ECG signal hardware acquisition board, and the function is to digitize the collected analog signal and transmit it to Host computer

The upper computer processing flow is the processing flow of the main computer of the electrocardiograph. The upper computer obtains the data received from the USK device through the standard device IO function, and then performs a series of subsequent processing to complete the ECG signal filtering step, the storage step, and the integrated electrocardiogram display process. The step spines are displayed to complete the acquisition of ECG data.

13. The method for implementing a four-dimensional electrocardiograph according to claim 12, wherein the process of two processes in the upper computer comprises a process of collecting an electrocardiogram display program, and a main process is used for accepting a control command of the user, the process Running in the main program message loop process, another process dynamically displays the collected ECG. The process runs in the ECG data receiving subprocess and shares a subprocess with the signal acquisition process.

14. The method for implementing a four-dimensional electrocardiograph according to claim 12, wherein all operations of the main flow, including start and end, are initiated by a message loop of the main program; the flow is executed by the start operation. The execution is terminated by the end operation, and between the start and the end, other operations are performed.

15. The method for implementing a four-dimensional electrocardiograph according to claim 12, wherein the main procedure of the integrated electrocardiogram display program flow is as follows: start; display parameter initialization; angle processing of different lead types; determining different refresh types Take the data range; determine the layout parameter according to the amplitude; set the projection contrast mode parameter; set the free lead mode parameter; static text display; free lead display processing; ^ contention VCG line display processing; static waveform line display processing; Static projection line display processing; 3D maximum vector display processing; 2D maximum vector display processing; dynamic graphic angle, position calculation; dynamic text display processing; dynamic VCG line erasing processing; dynamic waveform line erasing processing; dynamic projection point erasing processing Dynamic projection line erasing processing; dynamic VCG line display processing; dynamic waveform line display processing; dynamic projection point display processing; dynamic projection line display processing; all dynamic pattern erasure area calculation; saving next drawing connection breakpoint; .

16. The method for implementing a four-dimensional electrocardiograph according to claim 12, wherein the execution of the integrated electrocardiogram display process is initiated by a user switching window action, triggered by a message loop; and the program execution of the closed portion of the process is not performed by The message loop is directly triggered, but is caused by the user's switching other window actions, and is indirectly completed by calling; The integrated ECG display refresh has two sources, one is the system routine refresh, and the other is the timer trigger refresh, which are triggered by the message loop;

Other operations of the process are performed between the start and end operations, and can be performed in any number and order.

17. The method for implementing a four-dimensional electrocardiograph according to claim 12, wherein the integrated electrocardiogram display program is run in a main process of the upper computer; the displayed user control flow and display flow are all in a message loop of the main program. carried out.

18. The method for implementing a four-dimensional electrocardiograph according to claim 12, wherein the step of filtering the electrocardiogram signal adopts an IIR infinite response filtering method; the filtering parameters are generated in advance, and are generated by using MATLAB tools, according to different The frequency band, this process generates the parameters of Butterworth, Chebyshev and elliptical filtering algorithms separately for selection;

Since the delay of the IIR filtering is relatively large, the process has a delay correction, so that the delayed data is restored to the desired time position;

The two-dimensional IIR filtering process is a module in the main process of the previous filtering; the specific process of IIR filtering is expanded, and the filtering algorithm completely complies with the algorithm provided by the MATLAB tool.

19. The method of implementing a four-dimensional electrocardiograph according to claim 12, wherein the integrated electrocardiogram display process is a sub-process included in the control flow and runs in the main process.

20. The method for implementing a four-dimensional electrocardiograph according to claim 12, wherein the lower machine process step is formed by two micro-processes, one is a USK communication process, and the other is an AD conversion process.

The process is completed by multiple processes, or the acquisition process is completed by two processes; one main process and one child process;

The main process is mainly responsible for the response processing of the user operation, such as the start and end of the acquisition, various adjustment controls in the middle of the acquisition process; the loop part of the process, using the message loop of the Windows program to complete the cyclic response of the program;

The sub-process flow is mainly responsible for the correction, filtering, saving, and display processing of dynamic data. It is a large loop process in the process. The control of the flow is controlled by global state variables. These state variables are generated by the flow of the main process. The child process itself is also created by the main process, which is created in the second step of the main process.

21 . The method for realizing a four-dimensional electrocardiograph according to claim 12 , wherein: the stereo electrocardiogram is provided with an azimuth angle, a coordinate system, and a spatial degree display. Cut-out, bright and dark color-adjustable cross plates, ^/ or round, square, oval, prismatic and irregularly shaped cross plates, synchronizing all angles, zooming, rotating, printing.

22. The method for realizing a four-dimensional electrocardiograph according to claim 12, wherein: the three-dimensional "virtual heart" is used as a lining, and is placed on the three-dimensional space vector ring; adjusting the "virtual heart" Color shading transparency; adjust various parts of the combined heart such as: left/right atrium, left/right ventricle, pericardium, coronary artery/venular; adjust the local, overall, size, shape, mandrel, spatial position of the "virtual heart" .

23. A method for implementing a four-dimensional electrocardiograph according to claim 12, wherein: the qualitative, quantitative diagnosis and cardiac/physiological anatomy of the electrocardiogram are directly displayed on the stereoscopic "virtual heart". , a comprehensive imaging diagnosis of morphological changes.