WO2011075482A2 - Surgical instrument comprising an electrode - Google Patents
Surgical instrument comprising an electrode Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011075482A2 WO2011075482A2 PCT/US2010/060325 US2010060325W WO2011075482A2 WO 2011075482 A2 WO2011075482 A2 WO 2011075482A2 US 2010060325 W US2010060325 W US 2010060325W WO 2011075482 A2 WO2011075482 A2 WO 2011075482A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- tissue
- electrodes
- surgical instrument
- guard
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 191
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 80
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 41
- 238000004520 electroporation Methods 0.000 description 27
- 230000001338 necrotic effect Effects 0.000 description 27
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 24
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 18
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 15
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 12
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 12
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 11
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 10
- IYLGZMTXKJYONK-ACLXAEORSA-N (12s,15r)-15-hydroxy-11,16-dioxo-15,20-dihydrosenecionan-12-yl acetate Chemical compound O1C(=O)[C@](CC)(O)C[C@@H](C)[C@](C)(OC(C)=O)C(=O)OCC2=CCN3[C@H]2[C@H]1CC3 IYLGZMTXKJYONK-ACLXAEORSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- IYLGZMTXKJYONK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruwenine Natural products O1C(=O)C(CC)(O)CC(C)C(C)(OC(C)=O)C(=O)OCC2=CCN3C2C1CC3 IYLGZMTXKJYONK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 210000000436 anus Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 210000001072 colon Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 210000003238 esophagus Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 description 7
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 210000001215 vagina Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 210000003679 cervix uteri Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 230000000368 destabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 210000000214 mouth Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008467 tissue growth Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011298 ablation treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000000232 gallbladder Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000017074 necrotic cell death Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000000496 pancreas Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000002307 prostate Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000003815 abdominal wall Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000010317 ablation therapy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000001367 artery Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001574 biopsy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000030833 cell death Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002674 endoscopic surgery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002357 laparoscopic surgery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000005228 liver tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000004379 membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012978 minimally invasive surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002355 open surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003101 oviduct Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000003200 peritoneal cavity Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000008823 permeabilization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000037390 scarring Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000001835 viscera Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000032544 Cicatrix Diseases 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004775 Tyvek Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000690 Tyvek Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000683 abdominal cavity Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003187 abdominal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006907 apoptotic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000254 damaging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012636 effector Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001839 endoscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002496 gastric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003211 malignant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001394 metastastic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010061289 metastatic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002324 minimally invasive surgery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004118 muscle contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007674 radiofrequency ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000241 scar Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000037387 scars Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003685 thermal hair damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003708 urethra Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000005166 vasculature Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
- A61B18/1477—Needle-like probes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
- A61B18/1402—Probes for open surgery
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B2017/00017—Electrical control of surgical instruments
- A61B2017/00221—Electrical control of surgical instruments with wireless transmission of data, e.g. by infrared radiation or radiowaves
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00053—Mechanical features of the instrument of device
- A61B2018/00059—Material properties
- A61B2018/00071—Electrical conductivity
- A61B2018/00077—Electrical conductivity high, i.e. electrically conducting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00053—Mechanical features of the instrument of device
- A61B2018/00059—Material properties
- A61B2018/00071—Electrical conductivity
- A61B2018/00083—Electrical conductivity low, i.e. electrically insulating
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00053—Mechanical features of the instrument of device
- A61B2018/00107—Coatings on the energy applicator
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00053—Mechanical features of the instrument of device
- A61B2018/00214—Expandable means emitting energy, e.g. by elements carried thereon
- A61B2018/0022—Balloons
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00315—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body for treatment of particular body parts
- A61B2018/00547—Prostate
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00571—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body for achieving a particular surgical effect
- A61B2018/00577—Ablation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
- A61B2018/1465—Deformable electrodes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/06—Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for
- A61B2090/064—Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for for measuring force, pressure or mechanical tension
- A61B2090/065—Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for for measuring force, pressure or mechanical tension for measuring contact or contact pressure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/327—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for enhancing the absorption properties of tissue, e.g. by electroporation
Definitions
- the present invention generally relates to surgical devices and methods.
- Endoscopy is one minimally invasive surgical technique which allows a surgeon to view and evaluate a surgical site by inserting at least one cannula, or trocar, into the patient's body through a natural opening in the body and/or through a relatively small incision.
- an endoscope can be inserted into, or through, the trocar so that the surgeon can observe the surgical site.
- the endoscope may include a flexible or rigid shaft, a camera and/or other suitable optical device, and a handle portion.
- the optical device can be located on a first, or distal, end of the shaft and the handle portion can be located on a second, or proximal, end of the shaft.
- the endoscope may also be configured to assist a surgeon in taking biopsies, retrieving foreign objects, and introducing surgical instruments into the surgical site.
- Laparoscopic surgery is another minimally invasive surgical technique where procedures in the abdominal or pelvic cavities can be performed through small incisions in the patient's body.
- a key element of laparoscopic surgery is the use of a laparoscope which typically includes a telescopic lens system that can be connected to a video camera.
- a laparoscope can further include a fiber optic system connected to a halogen or xenon light source, for example, in order to illuminate the surgical site.
- a body cavity of a patient such as the abdominal cavity, for example, can be insufflated with carbon dioxide gas, for example, in order to create a temporary working space for the surgeon.
- a cavity wall can be elevated above the organs within the cavity by the carbon dioxide gas.
- Carbon dioxide gas is usually used for insufflation because it can be easily absorbed and removed by the body.
- an endoscope and/or laparoscope can be inserted through a natural opening of a patient to allow a surgeon to access a surgical site.
- Such procedures are generally referred to as Nature Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery or (NOTES)TM and can be utilized to treat tissue while reducing the number of incisions, and external scars, to a patient's body.
- NOTES Nature Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery
- an endoscope can include at least one working channel defined therein which can be used to allow the surgeon to insert a surgical instrument therethrough in order to access the surgical site.
- FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of an electrical ablation system.
- FIGS. 2A-D illustrate one embodiment of the electrical ablation system in various phases of deployment.
- FIG. 2E illustrates one embodiment of the electrical ablation device comprising multiple needle electrodes.
- FIG. 3 illustrates one embodiment of the electrical ablation system shown in FIGS. 1 and 2A-D in use to treat undesirable tissue located on the surface of the liver.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a surgical instrument comprising a first electrode, a second electrode, and a retractable sheath movable relative to the first electrode and the second electrode.
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a distal end of the surgical instrument of FIG. 4 illustrating the sheath in an extended position.
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a distal end of the surgical instrument of FIG. 4 illustrating the sheath in a retracted position.
- FIG.7 is a perspective view of a distal end of an alternative embodiment of a surgical instrument illustrating a first electrode, a second electrode, and insulative jackets positioned around the first electrode and the second electrode.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the surgical instrument of FIG. 7 illustrating the first and second electrodes positioned within tissue and the insulative jackets positioned against the tissue.
- FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a distal end of an alternative embodiment of a surgical instrument illustrating a first electrode, a second electrode, and an insulative guard, wherein the insulative guard is movable between an extended positioned in which it is positioned intermediate the distal ends of the first electrode and the second electrode and a retracted position in which it is displaced proximally relative to the distal ends of the first and second electrodes.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the surgical instrument of FIG. 9 illustrating the distal ends of the first and second electrodes positioned against tissue and the insulative guard in its extended position.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the surgical instrument of FIG. 9 illustrating the distal ends of the first and second electrodes inserted into the tissue and the insulative guard in a retracted position.
- FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a distal end of an alternative embodiment of a surgical instrument comprising a flexible electrode.
- FIG. 13 illustrates the surgical instrument of FIG. 12 positioned against the liver of a patient at one location and an additional surgical instrument comprising an electrode positioned against the liver at another location.
- FIG. 14 illustrates the necrotic regions of liver tissue which can be created by the surgical instrument of FIG. 12 and the additional surgical instrument of FIG. 13.
- FIG. 15 is another illustration of the necrotic regions of liver tissue which can be created by the surgical instrument of FIG. 12 and the additional surgical instrument of FIG. 13.
- FIG. 16 illustrates an alternative embodiment of a surgical instrument comprising a flexible balloon positioned against the liver of a patient.
- FIG. 17 is a perspective view of a distal end of a surgical instrument.
- FIG. 18 is an end view of the surgical instrument of FIG. 17.
- FIG. 19 is a graph of the voltage field that can be generated by the surgical instrument of FIG. 17.
- FIG. 20 is an elevational view of a distal end of a surgical instrument.
- FIG. 21 is an end view of the surgical instrument of FIG. 20.
- Various embodiments are directed to apparatuses, systems, and methods for the electrical ablation treatment of undesirable tissue such as diseased tissue, cancer, malignant and benign tumors, masses, lesions, and other abnormal tissue growths.
- undesirable tissue such as diseased tissue, cancer, malignant and benign tumors, masses, lesions, and other abnormal tissue growths.
- Numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the overall structure, function, manufacture, and use of the embodiments as described in the specification and illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It will be understood by those skilled in the art, however, that the embodiments may be practiced without such specific details. In other instances, well-known operations, components, and elements have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the embodiments described in the specification.
- proximal and distal may be used throughout the specification with reference to a clinician manipulating one end of an instrument used to treat a patient.
- proximal refers to the portion of the instrument closest to the clinician and the term “distal” refers to the portion located furthest from the clinician.
- distal refers to the portion located furthest from the clinician.
- spatial terms such as “vertical,” “horizontal,” “up,” and “down” may be used herein with respect to the illustrated embodiments.
- surgical instruments may be used in many orientations and positions, and these terms are not intended to be limiting and absolute.
- Electrical ablation devices in accordance with the described embodiments may comprise one or more electrodes configured to be positioned into or proximal to undesirable tissue in a tissue treatment region (e.g., target site, worksite) where there is evidence of abnormal tissue growth, for example.
- the electrodes comprise an electrically conductive portion (e.g., medical grade stainless steel) and are configured to electrically couple to an energy source. Once the electrodes are positioned into or proximal to the undesirable tissue, an energizing potential is applied to the electrodes to create an electric field to which the undesirable tissue is exposed.
- the energizing potential (and the resulting electric field) may be characterized by multiple parameters such as frequency, amplitude, pulse width (duration of a pulse or pulse length), and/or polarity.
- a particular electrode may be configured either as an anode (+) or a cathode (-) or may comprise a plurality of electrodes with at least one configured as an anode and at least one other configured as a cathode. Regardless of the initial polar configuration, the polarity of the electrodes may be reversed by reversing the polarity of the output of the energy source.
- a suitable energy source may comprise an electrical waveform generator, which may be configured to create an electric field that is suitable to create irreversible electroporation in undesirable tissue at various electric filed amplitudes and durations.
- the energy source may be configured to deliver irreversible electroporation pulses in the form of direct-current (DC) and/or alternating-current (AC) voltage potentials (e.g., time-varying voltage potentials) to the electrodes.
- the irreversible electroporation pulses may be characterized by various parameters such as frequency, amplitude, pulse length, and/or polarity.
- the undesirable tissue may be ablated by exposure to the electric potential difference across the electrodes.
- the energy source may comprise a wireless transmitter to deliver energy to the electrodes using wireless energy transfer techniques via one or more remotely positioned antennas.
- wireless energy transfer or wireless power transmission is the process of transmitting electrical energy from an energy source to an electrical load without interconnecting wires.
- An electrical transformer is the simplest instance of wireless energy transfer. The primary and secondary circuits of a transformer are not directly connected and the transfer of energy takes place by electromagnetic coupling through a process known as mutual induction. Power also may be transferred wirelessly using RF energy. Wireless power transfer technology using RF energy is produced by Powercast, Inc. and can achieve an output of 6 volts for a little over one meter. Other low-power wireless power technology has been proposed such as described in U.S. Patent No. 6,967,462, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein.
- the apparatuses, systems, and methods in accordance with certain described embodiments may be configured for minimally invasive ablation treatment of
- the apparatuses, systems, and methods in accordance with the described embodiments may be configured to ablate undesirable tissue through the use of electroporation or electropermeabilization. More specifically, in various embodiments, the apparatuses, systems, and methods in accordance with the described embodiments may be configured to ablate undesirable tissue through the use of irreversible electroporation. Electroporation increases the permeabilization of a cell membrane by exposing the cell to electric pulses. The external electric field (electric potential/per unit length) to which the cell membrane is exposed to significantly increases the electrical conductivity and permeability of the plasma in the cell membrane. The primary parameter affecting the transmembrane potential is the potential difference across the cell membrane. Irreversible
- electroporation is the application of an electric field of a specific magnitude and duration to a cell membrane such that the permeabilization of the cell membrane cannot be reversed, leading to cell death without inducing a significant amount of heat in the surrounding tissue.
- the destabilizing potential forms pores in the cell membrane when the potential across the cell membrane exceeds its critical membrane voltage causing the cell to die under a process known as apoptosis and/or necrosis.
- the application of irreversible electroporation pulses to cells is an effective way for ablating large volumes of undesirable tissue without deleterious thermal effects to the surrounding healthy tissue associated with thermal-inducing ablation treatments. This is because
- irreversible electroporation destroys cells without heat and thus does not destroy the cellular support structure or regional vasculature.
- a destabilizing irreversible electroporation destroys cells without heat and thus does not destroy the cellular support structure or regional vasculature.
- electroporation pulse suitable to cause cell death without inducing a significant amount of thermal damage to the surrounding healthy tissue, may have amplitude in the range of about several hundred to about several thousand volts and is generally applied across biological membranes over a distance of about several millimeters, for example, for a relatively long duration.
- the undesirable tissue may be ablated in-vivo through the delivery of destabilizing electric fields by quickly creating cell necrosis.
- the apparatuses, systems, and methods for electrical ablation therapy in accordance with the described embodiments may be adapted for use in minimally invasive surgical procedures to access the tissue treatment region in various anatomic locations such as the brain, lungs, breast, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, prostate gland, and various internal body lumen defined by the esophagus, stomach, intestine, colon, arteries, veins, anus, vagina, cervix, fallopian tubes, and the peritoneal cavity, for example, without limitation.
- Minimally invasive electrical ablation devices may be introduced to the tissue treatment region using a trocar inserted though a small opening formed in the patient's body or through a natural body orifice such as the mouth, anus, or vagina using translumenal access techniques known as Natural Orifice Translumenal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES)TM.
- NOTES Natural Orifice Translumenal Endoscopic Surgery
- the electrical ablation devices can comprise portions that may be inserted into the tissue treatment region percutaneously (e.g., where access to inner organs or other tissue is done via needle-puncture of the skin). Other portions of the electrical ablation devices may be introduced into the tissue treatment region endoscopically (e.g.,
- trocars or working channels of the endoscope through small incisions, or transcutaneously (e.g., where electric pulses are delivered to the tissue treatment region through the skin).
- FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of an electrical ablation system 10.
- the electrical ablation system 10 may be employed to ablate undesirable tissue such as diseased tissues, cancers, tumors, masses, lesions, abnormal tissue growths inside a patient using electrical energy.
- the electrical ablation system 10 may be used in conjunction with endoscopic, laparoscopic, thoracoscopic, open surgical procedures via small incisions or keyholes, percutaneous techniques, transcutaneous techniques, and/or external non-invasive techniques, or any combinations thereof without limitation.
- the electrical ablation system 10 may be configured to be positioned within a natural body orifice of the patient such as the mouth, anus, or vagina and advanced through internal body lumen or cavities such as the esophagus, colon, cervix, urethra, for example, to reach the tissue treatment region.
- the electrical ablation system 10 also may be configured to be positioned and passed through a small incision or keyhole formed through the skin or abdominal wall of the patient to reach the tissue treatment region using a trocar.
- the tissue treatment region may be located in the brain, lungs, breast, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, prostate gland, various internal body lumen defined by the esophagus, stomach, intestine, colon, arteries, veins, anus, vagina, cervix, fallopian tubes, and the peritoneal cavity, for example, without limitation.
- the electrical ablation system 10 can be configured to treat a number of lesions and ostepathologies comprising metastatic lesions, tumors, fractures, infected sites, and/or inflamed sites. Once positioned into or proximate the tissue treatment region, the electrical ablation system 10 can be actuated (e.g., energized) to ablate the undesirable tissue.
- the electrical ablation system 10 may be configured to treat diseased tissue in the gastrointestinal (Gl) tract, esophagus, lung, or stomach that may be accessed orally.
- the electrical ablation system 10 may be adapted to treat undesirable tissue in the liver or other organs that may be accessible using translumenal access techniques such as, without limitation, NOTESTM techniques, where the electrical ablation devices may be initially introduced through a natural orifice such as the mouth, anus, or vagina and then advanced to the tissue treatment site by puncturing the walls of internal body lumen such as the stomach, intestines, colon, cervix.
- the electrical ablation system 10 may be adapted to treat undesirable tissue in the brain, liver, breast, gall bladder, pancreas, or prostate gland, using one or more electrodes positioned percutaneously, transcutaneously, translumenally, minimally invasively, and/or through open surgical techniques, or any combination thereof.
- the electrical ablation system 10 may be employed in conjunction with a flexible endoscope 12, as well as a rigid endoscope, laparoscope, or thoracoscope, such as the GIF-100 model available from Olympus Corporation.
- the endoscope 12 may be introduced to the tissue treatment region trans- anally through the colon, trans-orally through the esophagus and stomach, transvaginal ⁇ through the cervix, transcutaneously, or via an external incision or keyhole formed in the abdomen in conjunction with a trocar.
- the electrical ablation system 10 may be inserted and guided into or proximate the tissue treatment region using the endoscope 12.
- the endoscope 12 comprises an endoscope handle 34 and an elongate relatively flexible shaft 32.
- the distal end of the flexible shaft 32 may comprise a light source and a viewing port.
- the flexible shaft 32 may define one or more working channels for receiving various instruments, such as electrical ablation devices, for example, therethrough. Images within the field of view of the viewing port are received by an optical device, such as a camera comprising a charge coupled device (CCD) usually located within the endoscope 12, and are transmitted to a display monitor (not shown) outside the patient.
- an optical device such as a camera comprising a charge coupled device (CCD) usually located within the endoscope 12
- CCD charge coupled device
- the electrical ablation system 10 may comprise an electrical ablation device 20, a plurality of electrical conductors 18, a handpiece 16 comprising an activation switch 62, and an energy source 14, such as an electrical waveform generator, electrically coupled to the activation switch 62 and the electrical ablation device 20.
- the electrical ablation device 20 comprises a relatively flexible member or shaft 22 that may be introduced to the tissue treatment region using a variety of known techniques such as an open incision and a trocar, through one of more of the working channels of the endoscope 12, percutaneously, or transcutaneously, for example.
- one or more electrodes extend out from the distal end of the electrical ablation device 20.
- the first electrode 24a may be configured as the positive electrode and the second electrode 24b may be configured as the negative electrode.
- the first electrode 24a is electrically connected to a first electrical conductor 18a, or similar electrically conductive lead or wire, which is coupled to the positive terminal of the energy source 14 through the activation switch 62.
- the second electrode 24b is electrically connected to a second electrical conductor 18b, or similar electrically conductive lead or wire, which is coupled to the negative terminal of the energy source 14 through the activation switch 62.
- the electrical conductors 18a,b are electrically insulated from each other and surrounding structures, except for the electrical connections to the respective electrodes 24a, b.
- the electrical ablation device 20 may be configured to be introduced into or proximate the tissue treatment region using the endoscope 12 (laparoscope or thoracoscope), open surgical procedures, or external and non-invasive medical procedures.
- the electrodes 24a, b may be referred to herein as endoscopic or laparoscopic electrodes, although variations thereof may be inserted transcutaneously or percutaneously.
- either one or both electrodes 24a, b may be adapted and configured to slideably move in and out of a cannula, lumen, or channel defined within the flexible shaft 22.
- the electrodes 24a, b may be connected to or disconnected from the energy source 14 by actuating or de-actuating the switch 62 on the handpiece 16.
- the switch 62 may be operated manually or may be mounted on a foot switch (not shown), for example.
- the electrodes 24a, b deliver electric field pulses to the undesirable tissue.
- the electric field pulses may be characterized based on various parameters such as pulse shape, amplitude, frequency, and duration.
- the electric field pulses may be sufficient to induce irreversible electroporation in the undesirable tissue.
- the induced potential depends on a variety of conditions such as tissue type, cell size, and electrical pulse parameters.
- the primary electrical pulse parameter affecting the transmembrane potential for a specific tissue type is the amplitude of the electric field and pulse length that the tissue is exposed to.
- a protective sleeve or sheath 26 may be slideably disposed over the flexible shaft 22 and within a handle 28.
- the sheath 26 may be slideably disposed within the flexible shaft 22 and the handle 28, without limitation.
- the sheath 26 is slideable and may be located over the electrodes 24a, b to protect the trocar and prevent accidental piercing when the electrical ablation device 20 is advanced therethrough.
- Either one or both of the electrodes 24a, b of the electrical ablation device 20 may be adapted and configured to slideably move in and out of a cannula, lumen, or channel formed within the flexible shaft 22.
- the second electrode 24b may be fixed in place.
- the second electrode 24b may provide a pivot about which the first electrode 24a can be moved in an arc to other points in the tissue treatment region to treat larger portions of the diseased tissue that cannot be treated by fixing the electrodes 24a, b in one location.
- either one or both of the electrodes 24a, b may be adapted and configured to slideably move in and out of a working channel formed within a flexible shaft 32 of the flexible endoscope 12 or may be located independently of the flexible endoscope 12.
- Various features of the first and second electrodes 24a, b are described in more detail in FIGS. 2A-D.
- the first and second electrical conductors 18a,b may be provided through the handle 28.
- the first electrode 24a can be slideably moved in and out of the distal end of the flexible shaft 22 using a slide member 30 to retract and/or advance the first electrode 24a.
- either or both electrodes 24a, b may be coupled to the slide member 30, or additional slide members, to advance and retract the electrodes 24a, b, e.g., position the electrodes 24a, b.
- the first electrical conductor 18a coupled to the first electrode 24a is coupled to the slide member 30. In this manner, the first electrode 24a, which is slideably movable within the cannula, lumen, or channel defined by the flexible shaft 22, can advanced and retracted with the slide member 30.
- transducers or sensors may be located in the handle 28 of the electrical ablation device 20 to sense the force with which the electrodes 24a, b penetrate the tissue in the tissue treatment zone. This feedback information may be useful to determine whether either one or both of the electrodes 24a, b have been properly inserted in the tissue treatment region.
- cancerous tumor tissue tends to be denser than healthy tissue and thus greater force is required to insert the electrodes 24a,b therein.
- the transducers or sensors 29 can provide feedback to the operator, surgeon, or clinician to physically sense when the electrodes 24a, b are placed within the cancerous tumor.
- the feedback information provided by the transducers or sensors 29 may be processed and displayed by circuits located either internally or externally to the energy source 14. The sensor 29 readings may be employed to determine whether the electrodes 24a, b have been properly located within the cancerous tumor thereby assuring that a suitable margin of error has been achieved in locating the electrodes 24a, b.
- the input to the energy source 14 may be connected to a commercial power supply by way of a plug (not shown).
- the output of the energy source 14 is coupled to the electrodes 24a,b, which may be energized using the activation switch 62 on the handpiece 16, or in one embodiment, an activation switch mounted on a foot activated pedal (not shown).
- the energy source 14 may be configured to produce electrical energy suitable for electrical ablation, as described in more detail below.
- the electrodes 24a, b are adapted and configured to electrically couple to the energy source 14 (e.g., generator, waveform generator). Once electrical energy is coupled to the electrodes 24a, b, an electric field is formed in the tissue from the voltage applied at the electrodes 24a, b.
- the energy source 14 may be configured to generate electric pulses at a predetermined frequency, amplitude, pulse length, and/or polarity that are suitable to induce irreversible electroporation to ablate substantial volumes of undesirable tissue in the treatment region.
- the energy source 14 may be configured to deliver DC electric pulses having a
- a timing circuit may be coupled to the output of the energy source 14 to generate electric pulses.
- the timing circuit may comprise one or more suitable switching elements to produce the electric pulses.
- the energy source 14 may produce a series of n electric pulses (where n is any positive integer) of sufficient amplitude and duration to induce irreversible electroporation suitable for tissue ablation when the n electric pulses are applied to the electrodes 24a, b.
- the electric pulses may have a fixed or variable pulse length, amplitude, and/or frequency.
- the electrical ablation device 20 may be operated either in bipolar or monopolar mode.
- bipolar mode the first electrode 24a is electrically connected to a first polarity and the second electrode 24b is electrically connected to the opposite polarity.
- monopolar mode the first electrode 24a is coupled to a prescribed voltage and the second electrode 24b is set to ground.
- the energy source 14 may be configured to operate in either the bipolar or monopolar modes with the electrical ablation system 10.
- the first electrode 24a is electrically connected to a prescribed voltage of one polarity and the second electrode 24b is electrically connected to a prescribed voltage of the opposite polarity.
- the polarity of the electrodes may be alternated so that any two adjacent electrodes may have either the same or opposite polarities, for example.
- the impedance circuit simulates a connection to the ground pad and thus is able to activate the energy source 14. It will be appreciated that in monopolar mode, the impedance circuit can be electrically connected in series with either one of the electrodes 24a, b that would otherwise be attached to a grounding pad.
- the energy source 14 may be configured to produce RF waveforms at predetermined frequencies, amplitudes, pulse widths or durations, and/or polarities suitable for electrical ablation of cells in the tissue treatment region.
- a suitable RF energy source is a commercially available conventional, bipolar/monopolar electrosurgical RF generator such as Model Number ICC 350, available from Erbe, GmbH.
- the energy source 14 may be configured to produce destabilizing electrical potentials (e.g., fields) suitable to induce irreversible
- the destabilizing electrical potentials may be in the form of
- bipolar/monopolar DC electric pulses suitable for inducing irreversible electroporation to ablate tissue undesirable tissue with the electrical ablation device 20.
- a commercially available energy source suitable for generating irreversible electroporation electric field pulses in bipolar or monopolar mode is a pulsed DC generator such as Model Number ECM 830, available from BTX Molecular Delivery Systems Boston, MA.
- the first electrode 24a may be electrically coupled to a first polarity and the second electrode 24b may be electrically coupled to a second (e.g., opposite) polarity of the energy source 14.
- Bipolar/monopolar DC electric pulses may be produced at a variety of frequencies, amplitudes, pulse lengths, and/or polarities.
- irreversible electroporation requires very little energy input into the tissue to kill the undesirable tissue without the detrimental thermal effects because with irreversible electroporation the cells are destroyed by electric field potentials rather than heat.
- the energy source 14 may be coupled to the first and second electrodes 24a, b by either a wired or a wireless connection.
- a wired connection the energy source 14 is coupled to the electrodes 24a, b by way of the electrical conductors 18a, b, as shown.
- the electrical conductors 18a,b may be replaced with a first antenna (not shown) coupled the energy source 14 and a second antenna (not shown) coupled to the electrodes 24a, b, wherein the second antenna is remotely located from the first antenna.
- the energy source may comprise a wireless transmitter to deliver energy to the electrodes using wireless energy transfer techniques via one or more remotely positioned antennas.
- wireless energy transfer or wireless power transmission is the process of transmitting electrical energy from the energy source 14 to an electrical load, e.g., the abnormal cells in the tissue treatment region, without using the interconnecting electrical conductors 18a,b.
- An electrical transformer is the simplest instance of wireless energy transfer. The primary and secondary circuits of a transformer are not directly connected. The transfer of energy takes place by electromagnetic coupling through a process known as mutual induction.
- Wireless power transfer technology using RF energy is produced by Powercast, Inc. The Powercast system can achieve a maximum output of 6 volts for a little over one meter.
- Other low-power wireless power technology has been proposed such as described in U.S. Patent No. 6,967,462.
- the energy source 14 may be configured to produce DC electric pulses at frequencies in the range of about 1 Hz to about 10000Hz, amplitudes in the range of about ⁇ 100 to about ⁇ 3000VDC, and pulse lengths (e.g., pulse width, pulse duration) in the range of about 1 s to about 100ms.
- the polarity of the electric potentials coupled to the electrodes 24a, b may be reversed during the electrical ablation therapy.
- the DC electric pulses may have a positive polarity and an amplitude in the range of about +100 to about +3000VDC.
- the polarity of the DC electric pulses may be reversed such that the amplitude is in the range of about -100 to about -3000VDC.
- the undesirable cells in the tissue treatment region may be electrically ablated with DC pulses suitable to induce irreversible electroporation at frequencies of about 10Hz to about 100Hz, amplitudes in the range of about +700 to about +1500VDC, and pulse lengths of about 10 ⁇ to about 50 ⁇ 5.
- FIGS. 2A-D illustrate one embodiment of the electrical ablation device 20 in various phases of deployment.
- the sheath 26 is disposed over the flexible shaft 22, however, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the sheath 26 may be disposed within the flexible shaft 22.
- the electrical ablation device 20 may be used in conjunction with the electrical ablation system 10 shown in FIG. 1. It will be appreciated that other devices and electrode configurations may be employed without limitation.
- FIG. 2A illustrates an initial phase of deployment wherein the sheath 26 is extended in the direction indicated by arrow 40 to cover the electrodes 24a, b.
- the electrodes 24a, b may have dimensions of about 0.5mm, about 1 mm, or about 1 .5mm in diameter.
- FIG. 2B illustrates another phase of deployment wherein the sheath 26 is retracted within the handle 28 in the direction indicated by arrow 42.
- the first and second electrodes 24a, b extend through the distal end of the flexible shaft 22 and are ready to be inserted into or proximate the tissue treatment region.
- the first electrode 24a may be retracted in direction 42 through a lumen 44 formed in the flexible shaft 22 by holding the handle 28 and pulling on the slide member 30.
- FIG. 2C illustrates a transition phase wherein the first electrode 24a is the process of being retracted in direction 42 by pulling on the slide member 30 handle, for example, in the same direction.
- FIG. 2D illustrates another phase of deployment wherein the first electrode 24a is in a fully retracted position.
- the electrical ablation device 20 can be pivotally rotated about an axis 46 defined by the second electrode 24b.
- the electrodes 24a, b are spaced apart by a distance "r.”
- the distance "r" between the electrodes 24a, b may be 5.0mm, about 7.5mm, or about 10mm. It will be appreciated that the distance "r" between the electrodes 24a, b may be anywhere from about 5.0mm to about 10.0mm.
- the electrical ablation device 20 may be rotated in an arc about the pivot formed by the second electrode 24b, the first electrode 24a may be placed in a new location in the tissue treatment region within the radius "r." Retracting the first electrode 24a and pivoting about the second electrode 24b enables the surgeon or clinician to target and treat a larger tissue treatment region essentially comprising a circular region having a radius "r," which is the distance between the electrodes 24a, b.
- the electrodes 24a, b may be located in a plurality of positions in and around the tissue treatment region in order to treat much larger regions of tissue.
- Increasing the electrode 24a, b diameter and spacing the electrodes 24a, b further apart enables the generation of an electric field over a much larger tissue regions and thus the ablation of larger volumes of undesirable tissue.
- the operator can treat a larger tissue treatment region comprising cancerous lesions, polyps, or tumors, for example.
- the electrical ablation device 20 may comprise two or more fixed electrodes that are non- retractable.
- the electrical ablation device 20 may comprise two or more retractable electrodes, one embodiment of which is described below with reference to FIG. 2E.
- the electrical ablation device 20 may comprise at least one slideable electrode disposed within at least one working channel of the flexible shaft 32 of the endoscope 12.
- the electrical ablation device 20 may comprise at least one electrode may be configured to be inserted into the tissue treatment region transcutaneously or percutaneously. Still in various other embodiments, the electrical ablation device 20 may comprise at least one electrode configured to be introduced to the tissue treatment region transcutaneously or percutaneously and at least one other electrode may be configured to be introduced to the tissue treatment region through at least one working channel of the flexible shaft 32 of the endoscope 12. The embodiments, however, are not limited in this context.
- FIG. 2E illustrates one embodiment of an electrical ablation device 100 comprising multiple needle electrodes 124m, where m is any positive integer.
- the electrical ablation device 100 comprises four electrodes 124a, 124b, 124c, 124d.
- the electrical ablation device 800 also may comprise three needle electrodes 124a, 124b, 124c, without limitation.
- the electrical ablation device 100 may be used in conjunction with the electrical ablation system 10 shown in FIG. 1. It will be appreciated that other devices and electrode configurations may be employed without limitation.
- the electrodes 124a-m each may have dimensions of about 0.5mm, about 1 mm, or about 1.5mm in diameter.
- each of the electrodes 124a-m may be anywhere from about 0.5mm to about 1.5mm in diameter.
- the electrical ablation device 100 may be introduced into the tissue treatment region through a trocar, as subsequently described and illustrated with reference to FIG. 3, for example.
- the electrical ablation device 100 comprises essentially the same components as the electrical ablation device 20 described with reference to FIGS. 2A-D.
- the electrical ablation device 100 comprises the relatively flexible member or shaft 22, the protective sheath 26, and one or more handles 28 to operate either the sheath 26, the electrodes 124a,b,c,d, or both.
- the electrodes 124a,b,c,d may be individually or simultaneously deployable and/or retractable in the direction indicated by arrow 142.
- the electrodes 124a,b,c,d extend out from the distal end of the electrical ablation device 100.
- the first and second electrodes 124a, 124b may be configured as the positive electrode coupled to the anode of the energy source 14 via corresponding first and second electrical conductors 118a, 118b
- the third and fourth electrodes 124c, 124d may be configured as the negative electrode coupled to the cathode of the energy source 14 via corresponding third and fourth electrical conductors 118c, 1 18d, or similar electrically conductive leads or wires, through the activation switch 62.
- the electrodes 124a,b,c,d may be connected/disconnected from the energy source 14 by actuating/de-actuating the switch 62.
- the protective sleeve or sheath 26 may be slideably disposed over the flexible shaft 22 and within the handle 28.
- the sheath 26 is extended in direction 40 to cover the electrodes 124a,b,c,d to protect the trocar and prevent accidental piercing when the electrical ablation device 100 is advanced therethrough.
- the sheath 26 is retracted in direction 42 to expose the electrodes 124a,b,c,d.
- One or more of the electrodes 124a,b,c,d of the electrical ablation device 100 may be adapted and configured to slideably move in and out of a cannula, lumen, or channel formed within the flexible shaft 22.
- all of the electrodes 124a,b,c,d are configured to slideably move in and out channels formed within lumens formed within the flexible shaft 22, referred to for example as the lumen 44 in FIGS. 2A- D, to advance and retract the electrodes 124a,b,c,d as may be desired by the operator. Nevertheless, in other embodiments, it may be desired to fix all or certain ones of the one or more electrodes 124a,b,c,d in place.
- the various embodiments of electrodes described in the present specification may be configured for use with an electrical ablation device (not shown) comprising an elongated flexible shaft to house the needle electrodes 24a, b, or 124a-m, for example.
- the needle electrodes 24a, b, or 124a-m are free to extend past a distal end of the electrical ablation device.
- the flexible shaft comprises multiple lumen formed therein to slideably receive the needle electrodes 24a, b, or 124a-m.
- a flexible sheath extends longitudinally from a handle portion to the distal end.
- the handle portion comprises multiple slide members received in respective slots defining respective walls.
- the slide members are coupled to the respective needle electrodes 24a, b, or 124a-m.
- the slide members are movable to advance and retract the electrode 24a, b, or 124a-m.
- the needle electrodes 24a, b, or 124a-m may be independently movable by way of the respective slide members.
- the needle electrodes 24a, b, or 124a-m may be deployed independently or simultaneously.
- An electrical ablation device (not shown) comprising an elongated flexible shaft to house multiple needle electrodes and a suitable handle is described with reference to FIGS. 4-10 in commonly owned U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 11/897,676 titled "ELECTRICAL ABLATION SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS,” filed August 31 , 2007, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
- the electrical ablation devices 20, 100 described with referenced to FIGS. 2A-E may be introduced inside a patient endoscopically, transcutaneously, percutaneously, through an open incision, through a trocar (as shown in FIG. 3), through a natural orifice, or any combination thereof.
- the outside diameter of the electrical ablation devices 20, 100 may be sized to fit within a working channel of an endoscope and in other embodiments the outside diameter of the electrical ablation devices 20, 100 may be sized to fit within a hollow outer sleeve, or trocar, for example.
- FIG. 3 illustrates one embodiment of the electrical ablation system 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2A-D in use to treat undesirable tissue 48 located on the surface of the liver 50.
- the undesirable tissue 48 may be representative of a variety of diseased tissues, cancers, tumors, masses, lesions, abnormal tissue growths, for example.
- the electrical ablation device 20 may be introduced into or proximate the tissue treatment region through a port 52 of a trocar 54.
- the trocar 54 is introduced into the patient via a small incision 59 formed in the skin 56.
- the endoscope 12 may be introduced into the patient trans-anally through the colon, trans-orally down the esophagus and through the stomach using translumenal techniques, or through a small incision or keyhole formed through the patient's abdominal wall (e.g., the peritoneal wall).
- the endoscope 12 may be employed to guide and locate the distal end of the electrical ablation device 20 into or proximate the undesirable tissue 48.
- the sheath 26 Prior to introducing the flexible shaft 22 through the trocar 54, the sheath 26 is slid over the flexible shaft 22 in a direction toward the distal end thereof to cover the electrodes 24a, b (as shown in FIG. 2A) until the distal end of the electrical ablation device 20 reaches the undesirable tissue 48.
- the sheath 26 is retracted to expose the electrodes 24a, b (as shown in FIG. 2B) to treat the undesirable tissue 48.
- the operator initially may locate the first electrode 24a at a first position 58a and the second electrode 24b at a second position 60 using endoscopic visualization and maintaining the undesirable tissue 48 within the field of view of the flexible endoscope 12.
- the first position 58a may be near a perimeter edge of the undesirable tissue 48.
- electroporation pulses to create a first necrotic zone 65a.
- the undesirable tissue 48 may be exposed to an electric field generated by energizing the first and second electrodes 24a, b with the energy source 14.
- the electric field may have a magnitude, frequency, and pulse length suitable to induce irreversible
- the size of the necrotic zone is substantially dependent on the size and separation of the electrodes 24a, b, as previously discussed.
- the treatment time is defined as the time that the electrodes 24a, b are activated or energized to generate the electric pulses suitable for inducing irreversible electroporation in the undesirable tissue 48.
- the position 60 may be taken as a pivot point about which the first electrode 24a may be rotated in an arc of radius "r," the distance between the first and second electrodes 24a, b.
- the first electrode 24a Prior to rotating about the second electrode 24b, the first electrode 24a is retracted by pulling on the slide member 30 (FIGS. 1 and 2A-D) in a direction toward the proximal end and rotating the electrical ablation device 20 about the pivot point formed at position 60 by the second electrode 24b.
- the first electrode 24a is rotated to a second position 58b, it is advanced to engage the undesirable tissue 48 at point 58b by pushing on the slide member 30 in a direction towards the distal end.
- a second necrotic zone 65b is formed upon energizing the first and second electrodes 24a, b.
- a third necrotic zone 65c is formed by retracting the first electrode 24a, pivoting about pivot point 60 and rotating the first electrode 24a to a new location, advancing the first electrode 24a into the undesirable tissue 48 and energizing the first and second electrodes 24a, b. This process may be repeated as often as necessary to create any number of necrotic zones 65p, where p is any positive integer, within multiple circular areas of radius "r," for example, that is suitable to ablate the entire undesirable tissue 48 region. At anytime, the surgeon or clinician can reposition the first and second electrodes 24a, b and begin the process anew.
- the electrical ablation device 100 comprising multiple needle electrodes 124a-m described with reference to FIG. 2E may be employed to treat the undesirable tissue 48.
- the electrical ablation device 100 comprising multiple needle electrodes 124a-m described with reference to FIG. 2E may be employed to treat the undesirable tissue 48.
- similar techniques may be employed to ablate any other undesirable tissues that may be accessible trans-anally through the colon, and/or orally through the esophagus and the stomach using translumenal access techniques.
- a surgical instrument can comprise a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein at least one the first and second electrodes can be operably coupled to a power source.
- a first electrode can be operably coupled with a positive terminal of a voltage source and the second electrode can be operably coupled with a negative terminal of the voltage source, for example.
- the first and second electrodes can comprise columnar, or point, electrodes which can be inserted into the tissue of a patient.
- a voltage potential can be applied to the two electrodes such that a magnetic field can be created therebetween in order to treat the tissue positioned intermediate the electrodes.
- the voltage potential may be sufficient to permit current to flow between the electrodes.
- a surgical instrument such as surgical instrument 200, for example, can comprise a handle portion 228, a shaft portion 222, and one or more electrodes, such as electrodes 224a and 224b, for example.
- handle portion 228 can comprise a first portion 231 and a second portion 233, wherein the first portion 231 and the second portion 233 can be moved relative to one another.
- Electrodes 224a and 224b can be mounted, or rigidly secured, to the first portion 231 wherein, in at least one embodiment, proximal ends of electrodes 224a and 224b can be mounted to first portion 231 such that the proximal ends of the electrodes do not move relative to first portion 231.
- a sheath 226 of shaft portion 222 can be mounted, or rigidly secured, to second portion 233 such that, when second portion 233 is moved relative to first portion 231 , sheath 226 can be moved relative to first electrode 224a and/or second electrode 224b.
- second portion 233 can be moved between a first, or distal, position (FIG.
- sheath 226 can be moved between a distal position in which the distal ends 235a, 235b of electrodes 224a, 224b are positioned within the sheath 226 and a proximal position in which the distal ends 235a, 235b can extend distally from the distal end 223 of sheath 226.
- the distal ends 235a, 235b of electrodes 224a, 224b can be recessed with respect to the distal end 223 of sheath 226 when sheath 226 is in its distal position.
- the distal end 223 of sheath 226 can be positioned against tissue within a surgical site, for example, such that the electrodes 224a, 224b do not contact the tissue.
- Such embodiments may also allow the surgical instrument 200, or at least the distal end thereof, to be inserted through a trocar without the electrodes 224a, 224b coming into contact with, snagging on, and/or becoming damaged by the trocar.
- the sheath 226 can be retracted in order to expose the distal ends 235a, 235b of the electrodes 224a, 224b such that the electrodes can be inserted into the tissue.
- the distal ends 235a, 235b of electrodes 224a, 224b can be positioned in the same plane as the distal end of sheath 226 when the sheath 226 is in its distal-most position.
- the second portion 233 of handle 228 can be moved relative to the first portion 231 of handle 228 in order to move the sheath 226 relative to the electrodes 224a, 224b.
- the first portion 231 can be held in a stationary, or at least substantially stationary, position while the second portion 233 can be slid relative to first portion 231 by a surgeon, or other clinician, for example.
- the first portion 231 can comprise a cylindrical, or at least substantially cylindrical, portion 235 and the second portion 233 can comprise a cylindrical, or at least substantially cylindrical, aperture 237 configured to receive the cylindrical portion 235 of first portion 231.
- the aperture 237 can be configured to closely receive cylindrical portion 235 such that relative movement therebetween can be limited to relative movement along a predetermined path, such as axis 239, for example.
- first portion 231 and second portion 233 can comprise one or more cooperating keys and/or grooves which can be configured to permit relative sliding movement therebetween along axis 239 while preventing, or at least inhibiting, relative movement therebetween which is transverse to axis 239.
- a surgical instrument such as surgical instrument 300, for example, can comprise a sheath 326 and one or more electrodes, such as electrodes 324a and 324b, for example.
- the electrodes 324a and 324b can be inserted into tissue and a voltage differential can be applied to the electrodes such that current can flow from one electrode to the other and, in addition, flow through the tissue positioned intermediate and/or surrounding the electrodes 324a and 324b.
- at least one electrode can comprise an insulative jacket surrounding at least a portion of the electrode such that current does not arc, or jump, between the electrodes of the surgical instrument without flowing through the tissue.
- an insulative jacket may surround only one of the electrodes, wherein such an insulative jacket can be sufficient to prevent current from arcing between the electrodes.
- an insulative jacket 341a can surround at least a portion of electrode 324a and, similarly, an insulative jacket 341 b can surround at least a portion of electrode 324b.
- the insulative jackets can be comprised of any suitable material which can increase the dielectric resistance between the electrodes 324a and 324b, such as ceramic, for example.
- an insulative jacket at least partially surrounding an electrode can interrupt the air gap between the electrodes in order to reduce the possibility of current arcing between the electrodes.
- insulative jacket 341a can comprise a tube having an aperture, wherein electrode 324a can extend through the aperture.
- insulative jacket 341a can be mounted, or rigidly secured, to a handle portion of surgical instrument 300 and can extend along a substantial length of electrode 324a.
- the insulative jacket 341a can be configured such that the distal end 335a of electrode 324a is not surrounded by insulative jacket 341a and such that the distal end 335a of electrode 324a extends distally from the distal end 343a of insulative jacket 341 a.
- insulative jacket 341 b can comprise a tube having an aperture, wherein electrode 324b can extend through the aperture.
- insulative jacket 341 b can be mounted, or rigidly secured, to a handle portion of surgical instrument 300 and can extend along the length of electrode 324b.
- the insulative jacket 341 b can be configured such that the distal end 335b of electrode 324b is not surrounded by insulative jacket 341 b and such that the distal end 335b of electrode 324b extends distally from the distal end 343b of insulative jacket 341 b.
- the air gap between the electrodes 324a and 324b can be interrupted by the insulative jackets 341a, 341 b except for the distance extending between the distal ends of the electrodes 324a, 324b and the distal ends of insulative jackets 341a, 341b.
- the distal ends 343a, 343b of electrodes 324a, 324b can be inserted into tissue such that, if the electrodes 324a and 324b are inserted a certain depth, insulative jacket 341 a and/or insulative jacket 341 b can contact the tissue. Once the insulative jacket 341 a and/or insulative jacket 341 b contacts the tissue, the insulative jackets can prevent, or at least inhibit, electrode 324a and/or electrode 324b from being further inserted into the tissue.
- the distal end 343a and/or distal end 343b can comprise a datum which can define the maximum insertion depth of the electrode 324a and/or electrode 324b into the tissue.
- a datum which can define the maximum insertion depth of the electrode 324a and/or electrode 324b into the tissue.
- the distal end 343a of insulative jacket 341a and the distal end 343b of insulative jacket 341 b can lie along a common plane, or datum.
- the distal ends 343a and 343b of insulative jackets 341a and 341 b can define different datums and/or can provide for different insertion depths into the tissue, for example.
- a surgical instrument such as surgical instrument 400, for example, can comprise a sheath 426 and one or more electrodes, such as electrodes 424a and 424b, for example.
- the electrodes 424a and 424b can be inserted into tissue and a voltage differential can be applied to the electrodes such that current can flow from one electrode to the other and, in addition, flow through the tissue positioned intermediate and/or surrounding the electrodes.
- the surgical instrument 400 can further comprise an insulative guard, such as guard 441 , for example, which can be movable between a distal, or extended, position in which it is positioned intermediate the distal ends of the first electrode 424a and the second electrode 424b and a proximal, or retracted, position in which the guard 441 is displaced proximally relative to the distal ends of the first and second electrodes 424a and 424b.
- the guard 441 can be biased into a distal position (FIG. 9) in which guard 441 is positioned intermediate the distal end 443a of first electrode 424a and the distal end 443b of second electrode 424b.
- the guard 441 can be biased into its distal position by a spring, such as compression spring 445, for example. More particularly, in at least one embodiment, spring 445 can be positioned intermediate a portion of sheath 426, such as support surface 447, for example, and a portion of insulative guard 441 , such as surface 449 and/or projections extending therefrom, such that the compression spring 445 can apply a biasing force to guard 441 and hold guard 441 in its distal position. In such a distal position, the guard 441 can prevent, or at least reduce the possibility of, current from arcing between the electrodes.
- a spring such as compression spring 445
- guard 441 of surgical instrument 400 can be biased into its distal position by compression spring 445.
- guard 441 can comprise a distal end 451 which can be positioned flush with the distal ends 443a and 443b of electrodes 424a and 424b.
- the distal end 451 can be positioned along a datum defined by distal ends 443a and 443b.
- the distal end 451 of guard 441 can extend beyond the distal end 443a and/or the distal end 443b of the electrodes.
- the guard 441 can be retracted proximally.
- the insulative guard 441 can be slid proximally within sheath 426 such that the insulative guard 441 is no longer positioned intermediate the distal ends 443a and 443b of the electrodes.
- the surgical instrument 400 can be configured such that insulative guard 441 can be retracted as electrodes 424a and 424b are inserted into the tissue.
- the distal ends 443a and 443b of the electrodes and the distal end 451 of guard 441 can be positioned against tissue wherein, as the electrodes 424a and 424b enter into the tissue, the guard 441 may not enter into the tissue and, instead, may be displaced proximally, or relative to the distal ends 443a and 443b.
- a voltage differential may be applied to the electrodes 424a and 424b and current may flow from one electrode to the other through the tissue.
- the guard 441 can compress spring 445.
- the spring 445 can store energy therein and apply a biasing force to insulative guard 441 such that, as the electrodes 424a and 424b are extracted from the tissue, the spring 445 can displace the guard 441 distally toward the distal ends 443a and 443b of electrodes 424a and 424b.
- the distal end 451 of guard 441 can remain in contact with the tissue as the electrodes 424a and 424b are inserted into and extracted from the tissue.
- the guard 441 can prevent, or at least reduce the possibility of, current arcing between the electrodes without passing through the tissue. Stated another way, the guard 441 can be sufficiently retracted when the electrodes 424a, 424b are inserted into tissue in order to permit current to flow between the portions of electrodes 424a, 424b within the tissue but, at the same time, sufficiently positioned against the tissue to prevent, or at least reduce the possibility of, current from flowing between the electrodes 424a, 424b at a location outside of the tissue. In various embodiments, as a result of the above, the insulative guard 441 and spring 445 arrangement can provide for a self-regulating, or self-retracting, system.
- the surgical instrument 400 can comprise an actuator configured to displace the insulative guard 441 .
- other biasing means can be used in addition to or in lieu of a spring.
- a surgical instrument can comprise a motor mounted within a shaft of the surgical instrument, wherein the motor can apply a biasing force to an insulative guard in order to keep the guard biased against the tissue and yet the permit the guard to move relative to the electrodes.
- surgical instrument 400 can further comprise means for controlling or defining the movement of insulative guard 441 as it is moved between its proximal and distal positions.
- the sheath 426 can comprise at least one elongate slot 453 and the guard 441 can comprise at least one projection 455 extending therefrom, wherein the projection 455 can be configured to slide within the slot 453.
- the slot 453 can be configured to limit the movement of projection 455 such that the guard 441 can move along a predetermined path relative to sheath 426, for example.
- the slot 453 and projection 455 can be configured such that guard 441 is guided along an axial, or longitudinal, path between its proximal and distal positions.
- the slot 453 can comprise a linear, or at least
- slot 453 can comprise a curved
- the sheath 426 can comprise at least one projection extending therefrom which can be configured to slide within at least groove in the insulative guard.
- the insulative guard 441 can comprise one or more recesses or grooves, such as recesses 457a and 457b, for example, which can be configured to receive at least a portion of the electrodes 424a and 424b, respectively.
- the electrode 424a can extend through recess 457a in guard 441 and, in addition, the electrode 424b can extend through the recess 457b, wherein, in at least one embodiment, the electrodes 424a, 424b can be closely received in the recesses 457a, 457b such that guard 441 is guided therebetween.
- a surgical instrument can include an electrode comprising a flexible portion which can be configured to conform to the surface of an organ, such as a patient's liver, for example, and/or any other suitable tissue to be treated.
- a surgical instrument such as surgical instrument 500, for example, can comprise a shaft 526 and an electrode 524, wherein the electrode 524 can be comprised of a flexible, conductive mesh 525.
- the surgical instrument 500 can further comprise an electrode support 561 which can be mounted to the shaft 526.
- the electrode support 561 can comprise a wire, or rod, having a first end and a second end mounted to the shaft 526 and an intermediate portion 565 extending between the first end and the second end.
- the first end and the second end of electrode support 561 can be mounted to shaft 526 in any suitable manner, such as by welding and/or fasteners, for example.
- the intermediate portion 565 can define a perimeter configured to support the edge of the flexible mesh 525.
- the edge of the flexible mesh 525 can be mounted to the electrode support 561 by any suitable means such as an adhesive and/or fasteners, for example.
- the edge of the flexible mesh 525 can be wrapped around the electrode support 561 such that the edge of the flexible mesh 525 can be attached to itself.
- the electrode mesh 525 can be configured such that a central portion of the electrode mesh 525 can move relative to its edge. In at least one embodiment, the central portion of the electrode mesh 525 can be configured to deflect relative to the electrode support 561 in order to create a pocket, or pouch.
- the electrode mesh 525 can comprise a concave or convex configuration which can receive at least a portion of the targeted tissue therein.
- the surgical instrument 500 can comprise a liver retractor wherein the flexible mesh 525 can deflect to receive at least a portion of a patient's liver.
- the electrode 524 may be sufficiently rigid to allow a surgeon to
- the flexible mesh 525 can be comprised of a conductive material, such as copper and/or stainless steel, for example, wherein the flexible mesh can be operably connected with at least one conductor, such as conductor 518, for example, of the surgical instrument 500.
- the flexible mesh can be comprised of a conductive material, such as copper and/or stainless steel, for example, wherein the flexible mesh can be operably connected with at least one conductor, such as conductor 518, for example, of the surgical instrument 500.
- the flexible mesh can be comprised of a conductive material, such as copper and/or stainless steel, for example, wherein the flexible mesh can be operably connected with at least one conductor, such as conductor 518, for example, of the surgical instrument 500.
- a second electrode such as electrode 524b, for example, can also be positioned relative to the tissue.
- the flexible electrode of surgical instrument 500 can be positioned on one side of the tissue to be treated and the second electrode can be inserted into the tissue and/or a tumor within the tissue, for example.
- the conductor 518 of surgical instrument 500 and the second electrode 524b can be operably coupled with a power source such that current can flow between the electrodes.
- the second electrode 524b can be operably connected with a cathode, or positive pole, of the power source while the conductor 518 can be operably connected to an anode, or negative pole, of the power source and/or a suitable ground. In various other embodiments, the second electrode 524b can be operably connected to the anode of the power source and/or ground while the conductor 518 can be operably connected to the cathode of the power source. In any event, referring to FIGS. 14 and 15, the voltage potential applied to the electrode 524 and the second electrode 524b, and/or the current passing between the electrodes 524, 524b, can cause necrosis in the tissue which is in contact with and/or surrounding the electrodes 524, 524b.
- necrotic tissue can comprise necrotic tissue portion 563a and necrotic tissue portion 563b wherein, referring to FIG. 14, the necrotic tissue portion 563b can be associated with the second electrode 524b and can comprise a volume of substantially ablated and/or necrotic tissue while the necrotic tissue portion 563a can be associated with electrode 524 and can comprise a volume of only partially ablated and/or necrotic tissue, for example.
- the amount and/or density of the necrotic tissue created around the electrode 524 can depend on the intensity, or density, of the current flowing from and/or to the electrode 524.
- the field density of the current can depend on the size of the electrode 524. More particularly, a larger electrode 524 can produce a lower current field density surrounding the electrode 524 and, as a result, generate a smaller amount of necrotic tissue, whereas a smaller electrode 524 can produce a larger current field density and, as a result, generate a larger amount of necrotic tissue.
- the necrotic tissue region 563a can be largely positioned under and/or around the electrode support 561 .
- the perimeter or diameter of electrode support 561 can be increased such that a smaller amount of, and/or less dense volume of, necrotic tissue is created around electrode 524, whereas the perimeter or diameter of electrode support 561 can be decreased such that a larger amount of, and/or more dense volume of, necrotic tissue is created around electrode 524.
- a larger perimeter or diameter of electrode support 561 can generally accommodate a larger electrode mesh 525, wherein the larger electrode mesh 525 can, as a result, contact a larger surface area of tissue. Such a larger surface area can further reduce the amount and/or density of necrotic tissue produced by electrode 524.
- the amount and/or density of necrotic tissue surrounding second electrode 524b which may comprise a needle electrode, for example, can be larger, and possibly substantially larger, than the amount and/or density of necrotic tissue surrounding electrode 524.
- the electrode mesh 525 can comprise a conductive material.
- the electrode mesh 525 can be attached to shaft 526 by a mounting collar 541 , wherein the mounting collar 541 can secure an end of mesh 525 in position.
- the electrode mesh 525 can comprise a bag having an open end which can be slid over electrode support 561 and at least a portion of shaft 526 wherein the mounting collar 541 can be slid over at least a portion of mesh 525 to mount mesh 525 to shaft 526.
- the electrode mesh can comprise at least one substrate material perfused with at least one electrically-conductive material, such as saline, for example, wherein the perfused material and the substrate material can permit current to flow throughout the mesh 525 and/or between conductor 518 and electrode support 561 , for example.
- the substrate material and the perfused material can both be comprised of one or more electrically-conductive materials.
- the mesh 525 can be comprised of a non-conductive, or at least substantially non-conductive, substrate material, wherein a conductive material perfused within the substrate material can conduct the current within the mesh 525.
- the substrate material of mesh 525 can be porous such that the substrate material can absorb the conductive material.
- the electrode mesh 525 can comprise at least one substrate material and, in addition, at least one conductive material coated onto the substrate material.
- the substrate material can be comprised of at least one non-electrically conductive material while, in other embodiments, the substrate material can be comprised of one or more electrically conductive materials.
- the coated material can be comprised of a multi-filament medical polyester yarn available from ATEX Technologies, for example.
- mesh 525 can be flexible such that it can readily deflect or change shape when it contacts tissue, such as a patient's liver, for example.
- the mesh 525 can comprise a material having a plurality of apertures extending therethrough, wherein the apertures can be arranged in any suitable pattern.
- mesh 525 can comprise a weaved material.
- the mesh 525 can be rigid, or at least substantially rigid, such that it does not substantially deflect when it contacts tissue.
- a surgical instrument such as surgical instrument 600, for example, can comprise a flexible electrode, such as balloon electrode 624, for example, wherein the electrode 624 can be configured to conform to the contour of the tissue being treated.
- the balloon electrode 624 can be delivered to a surgical site percutaneously and/or laprascopically, wherein the balloon electrode 624 can be positioned under and/or around the targeted tissue, such as a patient's liver, for example.
- the balloon electrode 624 can be expanded in order to increase the surface area of the electrode in contact with the targeted tissue.
- a larger surface area in contact with the tissue can reduce the amount of, and/or the density of, the necrotic tissue created.
- a second electrode can be inserted into the targeted tissue, wherein the second electrode can be operably coupled with the cathode, or positive terminal, of a power source and the balloon electrode 624 can comprise a return electrode which can be operably coupled with the anode, or negative terminal, of the power source and/or any suitable ground, for example.
- the electrode 624 can be operably coupled with the cathode, or positive terminal, of the power source and the second electrode can be operably coupled with the anode, or negative terminal, of the power source and/or any other suitable ground.
- a surgical instrument can include an electrode comprising a flexible sheet which is positioned against or relative to the targeted tissue.
- a surgical instrument such as surgical instrument 700, for example, can comprise a plurality of electrodes, such as electrodes 724a, 724b, 724c, and 724d, for example, which can be configured and arranged to treat tissue in a desired manner. Similar to the above, the electrodes 724a-724d can extend distally from shaft 722 and protective sleeve 726 such that the electrodes can be inserted into tissue.
- the electrodes 724a and 724b can be operably coupled with a cathode, or positive terminal, of a power source, whereas the electrodes 724c and 724d can be operably coupled with an anode, or negative terminal, of a power source.
- the electrodes 724a-724d can be positioned and arranged with respect to a central axis, such as axis 799, for example, wherein, in certain
- axis 799 can be defined by the center of shaft 722.
- the electrodes 724a-724d can each comprise a columnar electrode having a central axis, wherein the central axes of the electrodes 724a-724d can be positioned relative to axis 799.
- the central axis of electrode 724a can be positioned a distance D1 away from axis 799
- the central axis of electrode 724b can be positioned a distance D2 away from axis 799
- the central axis of electrode 724c can be positioned a distance D3 away from axis 799
- the central axis of electrode 724d can be positioned a distance D4 away from axis 799.
- distance D1 can be equal to, or at least substantially equal to, distance D2 while, in various embodiments, distance D3 can be equal to, or at least substantially equal to, distance D4.
- distances D1 and D2 can be larger than distances D3 and D4 such that electrodes 724a and 724b care positioned further away from axis 799 than electrodes 724c and 724d.
- distances D1 , D2, D3, and/or D4 can range between approximately 0.25 cm and approximately 1.0 cm, for example.
- the voltage field can comprise one or more isolines, wherein each isoline can represent portions of the voltage field which have the same magnitude.
- the voltage field generated by electrodes 724a-724d can be represented by a plurality of isolines, such as isoline 798a, for example, wherein isoline 798a can represent a perimeter surrounding the electrodes having a constant voltage field magnitude.
- the electrodes 724a-724d can produce an isoline 798b which can represent a perimeter surrounding the electrodes having a constant voltage field magnitude which is different than the magnitude of isoline 798a, for example.
- the isoline 798b can represent a voltage field magnitude which is greater than the magnitude represented by isoline 798a.
- the magnitude of the voltage field produced by the electrodes may not be constant at all locations surrounding the electrodes; on the contrary, the magnitude of the voltage field may be different at various locations surrounding the electrodes.
- the voltage field, or at least a portion of the voltage field produced by the surgical instrument 700 can be represented by graph 797a in FIG. 19. More
- the graph 797a can represent the magnitude of the voltage field measured in a plane which includes the center axis of electrode 724c, center axis 799, and electrode 724d.
- Graph 797a may not necessarily represent the magnitude of the voltage field in other planes.
- the voltage field produced by the electrodes 724a-724d can comprise a symmetrical, or at least substantially symmetrical, profile centered about axis 799.
- the magnitude of the voltage field has two valleys 795c, 795d centered about, or at least positioned adjacent to, the electrodes 724c and 724d, respectively.
- the magnitude of the voltage field at valleys 795c and/or 795d may be zero or, alternatively, greater than zero.
- the magnitude of the voltage field surrounding electrodes 724a-724d can be the same, or at least substantially the same, at distances of between about 6cm to about 10cm away from axis 799 in the lateral directions, for example.
- the change in magnitude, or gradient, of the voltage field produced by surgical instrument 700 between about 6cm and about 10cm away from the center of surgical instrument 700 may be very small.
- the gradient, or rate of change of the magnitude of the voltage field, between about 9cm and about 10cm may be about 0.04VDC per millimeter, for example.
- the gradient may be about 0.01VDC/mm, about 0.02VDC/mm, about 0.03VDC/mm, about 0.05VDC/mm, about 0.06VDC/mm, about 0.07VDC/mm, about 0.08VDC/mm, about 0.09VDC/mm, about 0.10VDC/mm, about 0.1 1VDC/mm, about 0.12VDC/mm, and/or about 0.13VDC/mm, for example.
- the graph 797b can represent the magnitude of the voltage field measured in a plane which includes the center axis of electrode 724a, center axis 799, and electrode 724b, although the graph 797b may not necessarily represent the magnitude of the voltage field in other planes.
- the planes used to establish graphs 797a and 797b may be orthogonal, or
- the voltage field produced by the electrodes 724a-724d can comprise a symmetrical, or at least substantially symmetrical, profile centered about axis 799.
- the magnitude of the voltage field has two peaks 795a, 795b centered about, or at least positioned adjacent to, the electrodes 724a and 724b, respectively.
- the gradient of the magnitude of the voltage field between about 9cm and about 10cm away from axis 799 may be about 0.04VDC per millimeter, for example.
- the gradient may be about 0.01 VDC/mm, about 0.02VDC/mm, about 0.03VDC/mm, about 0.05VDC/mm, about 0.06VDC/mm, about 0.07VDC/mm, about 0.08VDC/mm, about 0.09VDC/mm, about 0.10VDC/mm, about 0.11 VDC/mm, about 0.12VDC/mm, and/or about 0.13VDC/mm, for example.
- the magnitude of the voltage field produced by the surgical instrument 700 is a function of the voltage potential, or differential, supplied to the electrodes 724a-724d.
- a lower voltage potential, or differential, supplied to the electrodes can result in a voltage field having a lower average magnitude as compared to when a higher voltage potential, or differential, is supplied to the electrodes 724a- 724d.
- the same voltage potential, or at least substantially the same voltage potential, supplied to electrode 724a can be supplied to electrode 724b.
- the same voltage potential, or at least substantially the same voltage potential, supplied to electrode 724c can be supplied to electrode 724d.
- a surgical instrument such as surgical instrument 900, for example, can comprise a first array of electrodes, such as electrodes 924a, 924b, and 924c, for example, which can be operably coupled with a first conductor.
- the surgical instrument 900 can further comprise a second array of electrodes, such as electrodes 924d, 924e, and 924f, for example, which can be operably coupled with a second conductor.
- the first conductor can be operably coupled with a cathode, or positive terminal, of a power source, whereas the second conductor can be operably coupled with an anode, or negative terminal, of the power source, for example.
- the electrodes 924a-924f can be arranged along first and second lines. More particularly, in at least one embodiment, electrodes 924a, 924e, and 924c can be positioned along a first line while electrodes 924d, 924b, and 924f can be positioned along a second line. In certain embodiments, the first line can be parallel to, or at least substantially parallel to, the second line. With regard to the first line of electrodes, in various embodiments, positive electrode 924a can be positioned on one side of negative electrode 924e while positive electrode 924c can be positioned on the opposite side of electrode 924e.
- negative electrode 924d can be positioned on one side of positive electrode 924b while negative electrode 924f can be positioned on the opposite side of electrode 924b.
- electrodes 924a, 924b, and 924c can have the same, or at least substantially the same, voltage potential while, in at least one embodiment, electrodes 924d, 924e, and 924f can have the same, or at least substantially the same, voltage potential.
- the first array of electrodes comprising electrodes 924a, 924b, and 924c can be set to a first polarity while the second array of electrodes comprising electrodes 924d, 924e, and 924f can be set to a second polarity.
- the polarity of the first array of electrodes can be adjusted simultaneously while the polarity of the second array of electrodes can be adjusted simultaneously, and independently, of the first array of electrodes.
- the electrode 924a can be operably coupled to a first conductor
- the electrode 924b can be operably coupled to a second conductor
- the electrode 924c can be operably coupled to a third conductor
- the electrode 924d can be operably coupled with a fourth conductor
- the electrode 924e can be operably coupled with a fifth conductor
- the electrode 924f can be operably coupled with a sixth conductor.
- each of the conductors can be operably coupled with an output of a voltage source, wherein the voltage source can be configured to supply different voltage potentials to one, some, and/or all of the conductors and their corresponding electrodes.
- such a voltage source could supply six different voltage potentials, wherein, in at least one embodiment, each of the voltage potentials could be adjusted before, and/or during, the operation of the surgical instrument.
- the electrodes 924a, 924e, and 924c can be attached to and/or bonded to one another with an insulator positioned intermediate the electrodes 924a, 924e, and 924c.
- electrodes 924d, 924b, and 924f can be attached to and/or bonded to one another within an insulator positioned intermediate the electrodes 924d, 924b, and 924f.
- air gaps can be present between the electrodes 924a-924f.
- surgical instrument 900 is described and illustrated as comprising six electrodes, other embodiments are envisioned which can comprise less than six electrodes or more than six electrodes, such as embodiments comprising eight electrodes arranged in two rows of four electrodes, or embodiments comprising ten electrodes arranged in two rows of five electrodes, for example.
- surgical instrument 900 is described and illustrated as comprising two rows of electrodes, other embodiments are envisioned which can comprise more than two rows of electrodes, such as
- the embodiments of the devices described herein may be introduced inside a patient using minimally invasive or open surgical techniques. In some instances it may be advantageous to introduce the devices inside the patient using a combination of minimally invasive and open surgical techniques. Minimally invasive techniques may provide more accurate and effective access to the treatment region for diagnostic and treatment procedures. To reach internal treatment regions within the patient, the devices described herein may be inserted through natural openings of the body such as the mouth, anus, and/or vagina, for example. Minimally invasive procedures performed by the introduction of various medical devices into the patient through a natural opening of the patient are known in the art as NOTESTM procedures. Some portions of the devices may be introduced to the tissue treatment region percutaneously or through small - keyhole - incisions.
- Endoscopic minimally invasive surgical and diagnostic medical procedures are used to evaluate and treat internal organs by inserting a small tube into the body.
- the endoscope may have a rigid or a flexible tube.
- a flexible endoscope may be introduced either through a natural body opening (e.g., mouth, anus, and/or vagina) or via a trocar through a relatively small - keyhole - incision incisions (usually 0.5 - 1 .5cm).
- the endoscope can be used to observe surface conditions of internal organs, including abnormal or diseased tissue such as lesions and other surface conditions and capture images for visual inspection and photography.
- the endoscope may be adapted and configured with working channels for introducing medical instruments to the treatment region for taking biopsies, retrieving foreign objects, and/or performing surgical procedures.
- the various embodiments of the devices described herein will be processed before surgery.
- a new or used instrument is obtained and if necessary cleaned.
- the instrument can then be sterilized.
- the instrument is placed in a closed and sealed container, such as a plastic or TYVEK® bag.
- the container and instrument are then placed in a field of radiation that can penetrate the container, such as gamma radiation, x-rays, or high-energy electrons.
- the radiation kills bacteria on the instrument and in the container.
- the sterilized instrument can then be stored in the sterile container.
- the sealed container keeps the instrument sterile until it is opened in the medical facility.
- Other sterilization techniques can be done by any number of ways known to those skilled in the art including beta or gamma radiation, ethylene oxide, and/or steam.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Otolaryngology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
Abstract
A surgical instrument can comprise a first electrode, a second electrode, and a retractable sheath. At least one of the electrodes can comprise an insulative jacket extending along the length thereof which can comprise a tissue stop for limiting the progression of the electrode into tissue. In various embodiments, a surgical instrument can comprise a first electrode, a second electrode, and a displaceable arc guard positioned between the electrodes. In certain embodiments, a surgical instrument can comprise an electrode including a flexible mesh configured to conform to the tissue against which it is positioned.
Description
SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING AN ELECTRODE
BACKGROUND
i. Field of the Invention
[0001] The present invention generally relates to surgical devices and methods.
ii. Description of the Related Art
[0002] Traditional, or open, surgical techniques may require a surgeon to make large incisions in a patient's body in order to access a tissue treatment region, or surgical site. In some instances, these large incisions may prolong the recovery time of and/or increase the scarring to the patient. As a result, minimally invasive surgical techniques are becoming more preferred among surgeons and patients owing to the reduced size of the incisions required for various procedures. In some circumstances, minimally invasive surgical techniques may reduce the possibility that the patient will suffer undesirable post-surgical conditions, such as scarring and/or infections, for example. Further, such minimally invasive techniques can allow the patient to recover more rapidly as compared to traditional surgical procedures.
[0003] Endoscopy is one minimally invasive surgical technique which allows a surgeon to view and evaluate a surgical site by inserting at least one cannula, or trocar, into the patient's body through a natural opening in the body and/or through a relatively small incision. In use, an endoscope can be inserted into, or through, the trocar so that the surgeon can observe the surgical site. In various embodiments, the endoscope may include a flexible or rigid shaft, a camera and/or other suitable optical device, and a handle portion. In at least one embodiment, the optical device can be located on a first,
or distal, end of the shaft and the handle portion can be located on a second, or proximal, end of the shaft. In various embodiments, the endoscope may also be configured to assist a surgeon in taking biopsies, retrieving foreign objects, and introducing surgical instruments into the surgical site.
[0004] Laparoscopic surgery is another minimally invasive surgical technique where procedures in the abdominal or pelvic cavities can be performed through small incisions in the patient's body. A key element of laparoscopic surgery is the use of a laparoscope which typically includes a telescopic lens system that can be connected to a video camera. In various embodiments, a laparoscope can further include a fiber optic system connected to a halogen or xenon light source, for example, in order to illuminate the surgical site. In various laparoscopic, and/or endoscopic, surgical procedures, a body cavity of a patient, such as the abdominal cavity, for example, can be insufflated with carbon dioxide gas, for example, in order to create a temporary working space for the surgeon. In such procedures, a cavity wall can be elevated above the organs within the cavity by the carbon dioxide gas. Carbon dioxide gas is usually used for insufflation because it can be easily absorbed and removed by the body.
[0005] In at least one minimally invasive surgical procedure, an endoscope and/or laparoscope can be inserted through a natural opening of a patient to allow a surgeon to access a surgical site. Such procedures are generally referred to as Nature Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery or (NOTES)™ and can be utilized to treat tissue while reducing the number of incisions, and external scars, to a patient's body. In various NOTES procedures, for example, an endoscope can include at least one
working channel defined therein which can be used to allow the surgeon to insert a surgical instrument therethrough in order to access the surgical site.
[0006] The foregoing discussion is intended only to illustrate various aspects of the related art in the field of the invention at the time, and should not be taken as a disavowal of claim scope.
FIGURES
[0007] Various features of the embodiments described herein are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The various embodiments, however, both as to organization and methods of operation, together with advantages thereof, may be understood in accordance with the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings as follows.
[0008] FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of an electrical ablation system.
[0009] FIGS. 2A-D FIGS. 2A-D illustrate one embodiment of the electrical ablation system in various phases of deployment.
[0010] FIG. 2E illustrates one embodiment of the electrical ablation device comprising multiple needle electrodes.
[0011] FIG. 3 illustrates one embodiment of the electrical ablation system shown in FIGS. 1 and 2A-D in use to treat undesirable tissue located on the surface of the liver.
[0012] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a surgical instrument comprising a first electrode, a second electrode, and a retractable sheath movable relative to the first electrode and the second electrode.
[0013] FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a distal end of the surgical instrument of FIG. 4 illustrating the sheath in an extended position.
[0014] FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a distal end of the surgical instrument of FIG. 4 illustrating the sheath in a retracted position.
[0015] FIG.7 is a perspective view of a distal end of an alternative embodiment of a surgical instrument illustrating a first electrode, a second electrode, and insulative jackets positioned around the first electrode and the second electrode.
[0016] FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the surgical instrument of FIG. 7 illustrating the first and second electrodes positioned within tissue and the insulative jackets positioned against the tissue.
[0017] FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a distal end of an alternative embodiment of a surgical instrument illustrating a first electrode, a second electrode, and an insulative guard, wherein the insulative guard is movable between an extended positioned in which it is positioned intermediate the distal ends of the first electrode and the second electrode and a retracted position in which it is displaced proximally relative to the distal ends of the first and second electrodes.
[0018] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the surgical instrument of FIG. 9 illustrating the distal ends of the first and second electrodes positioned against tissue and the insulative guard in its extended position.
[0019] FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the surgical instrument of FIG. 9 illustrating the distal ends of the first and second electrodes inserted into the tissue and the insulative guard in a retracted position.
[0020] FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a distal end of an alternative embodiment of a surgical instrument comprising a flexible electrode.
[0021] FIG. 13 illustrates the surgical instrument of FIG. 12 positioned against the liver of a patient at one location and an additional surgical instrument comprising an electrode positioned against the liver at another location.
[0022] FIG. 14 illustrates the necrotic regions of liver tissue which can be created by the surgical instrument of FIG. 12 and the additional surgical instrument of FIG. 13.
[0023] FIG. 15 is another illustration of the necrotic regions of liver tissue which can be created by the surgical instrument of FIG. 12 and the additional surgical instrument of FIG. 13.
[0024] FIG. 16 illustrates an alternative embodiment of a surgical instrument comprising a flexible balloon positioned against the liver of a patient.
[0025] FIG. 17 is a perspective view of a distal end of a surgical instrument.
[0026] FIG. 18 is an end view of the surgical instrument of FIG. 17.
[0027] FIG. 19 is a graph of the voltage field that can be generated by the surgical instrument of FIG. 17.
[0028] FIG. 20 is an elevational view of a distal end of a surgical instrument.
[0029] FIG. 21 is an end view of the surgical instrument of FIG. 20.
[0030] Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views. The exemplifications set out herein illustrate various embodiments of the invention, in one form, and such exemplifications are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any manner.
DESCRIPTION
[0031] Various embodiments are directed to apparatuses, systems, and methods for the electrical ablation treatment of undesirable tissue such as diseased tissue, cancer, malignant and benign tumors, masses, lesions, and other abnormal tissue growths. Numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the overall structure, function, manufacture, and use of the embodiments as described in the specification and illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It will be understood by those skilled in the art, however, that the embodiments may be practiced without such specific details. In other instances, well-known operations, components, and elements have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the embodiments described in the specification. Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the embodiments
described and illustrated herein are non-limiting examples, and thus it can be appreciated that the specific structural and functional details disclosed herein may be representative and do not necessarily limit the scope of the embodiments, the scope of which is defined solely by the appended claims.
[0032] Reference throughout the specification to "various embodiments," "some embodiments," "one embodiment," or "an embodiment", or the like, means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, appearances of the phrases "in various embodiments," "in some embodiments," "in one embodiment," or "in an embodiment", or the like, in places throughout the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. Thus, the particular features, structures, or characteristics illustrated or described in connection with one embodiment may be combined, in whole or in part, with the features structures, or characteristics of one or more other embodiments without limitation.
[0033] It will be appreciated that the terms "proximal" and "distal" may be used throughout the specification with reference to a clinician manipulating one end of an instrument used to treat a patient. The term "proximal" refers to the portion of the instrument closest to the clinician and the term "distal" refers to the portion located furthest from the clinician. It will be further appreciated that for conciseness and clarity, spatial terms such as "vertical," "horizontal," "up," and "down" may be used herein with respect to the illustrated embodiments. However, surgical instruments may be used in many orientations and positions, and these terms are not intended to be limiting and absolute.
[0034] Electrical ablation devices in accordance with the described embodiments may comprise one or more electrodes configured to be positioned into or proximal to
undesirable tissue in a tissue treatment region (e.g., target site, worksite) where there is evidence of abnormal tissue growth, for example. In general, the electrodes comprise an electrically conductive portion (e.g., medical grade stainless steel) and are configured to electrically couple to an energy source. Once the electrodes are positioned into or proximal to the undesirable tissue, an energizing potential is applied to the electrodes to create an electric field to which the undesirable tissue is exposed. The energizing potential (and the resulting electric field) may be characterized by multiple parameters such as frequency, amplitude, pulse width (duration of a pulse or pulse length), and/or polarity. Depending on the diagnostic or therapeutic treatment to be rendered, a particular electrode may be configured either as an anode (+) or a cathode (-) or may comprise a plurality of electrodes with at least one configured as an anode and at least one other configured as a cathode. Regardless of the initial polar configuration, the polarity of the electrodes may be reversed by reversing the polarity of the output of the energy source.
[0035] In various embodiments, a suitable energy source may comprise an electrical waveform generator, which may be configured to create an electric field that is suitable to create irreversible electroporation in undesirable tissue at various electric filed amplitudes and durations. The energy source may be configured to deliver irreversible electroporation pulses in the form of direct-current (DC) and/or alternating-current (AC) voltage potentials (e.g., time-varying voltage potentials) to the electrodes. The irreversible electroporation pulses may be characterized by various parameters such as frequency, amplitude, pulse length, and/or polarity. The undesirable tissue may be ablated by exposure to the electric potential difference across the electrodes.
[0036] In one embodiment, the energy source may comprise a wireless transmitter to deliver energy to the electrodes using wireless energy transfer techniques via one or more remotely positioned antennas. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that wireless energy transfer or wireless power transmission is the process of transmitting electrical
energy from an energy source to an electrical load without interconnecting wires. An electrical transformer is the simplest instance of wireless energy transfer. The primary and secondary circuits of a transformer are not directly connected and the transfer of energy takes place by electromagnetic coupling through a process known as mutual induction. Power also may be transferred wirelessly using RF energy. Wireless power transfer technology using RF energy is produced by Powercast, Inc. and can achieve an output of 6 volts for a little over one meter. Other low-power wireless power technology has been proposed such as described in U.S. Patent No. 6,967,462, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein.
[0037] The apparatuses, systems, and methods in accordance with certain described embodiments may be configured for minimally invasive ablation treatment of
undesirable tissue through the use of irreversible electroporation to be able to ablate undesirable tissue in a controlled and focused manner without inducing thermally damaging effects to the surrounding healthy tissue. The apparatuses, systems, and methods in accordance with the described embodiments may be configured to ablate undesirable tissue through the use of electroporation or electropermeabilization. More specifically, in various embodiments, the apparatuses, systems, and methods in accordance with the described embodiments may be configured to ablate undesirable tissue through the use of irreversible electroporation. Electroporation increases the permeabilization of a cell membrane by exposing the cell to electric pulses. The external electric field (electric potential/per unit length) to which the cell membrane is exposed to significantly increases the electrical conductivity and permeability of the plasma in the cell membrane. The primary parameter affecting the transmembrane potential is the potential difference across the cell membrane. Irreversible
electroporation is the application of an electric field of a specific magnitude and duration to a cell membrane such that the permeabilization of the cell membrane cannot be reversed, leading to cell death without inducing a significant amount of heat in the
surrounding tissue. The destabilizing potential forms pores in the cell membrane when the potential across the cell membrane exceeds its critical membrane voltage causing the cell to die under a process known as apoptosis and/or necrosis. The application of irreversible electroporation pulses to cells is an effective way for ablating large volumes of undesirable tissue without deleterious thermal effects to the surrounding healthy tissue associated with thermal-inducing ablation treatments. This is because
irreversible electroporation destroys cells without heat and thus does not destroy the cellular support structure or regional vasculature. A destabilizing irreversible
electroporation pulse, suitable to cause cell death without inducing a significant amount of thermal damage to the surrounding healthy tissue, may have amplitude in the range of about several hundred to about several thousand volts and is generally applied across biological membranes over a distance of about several millimeters, for example, for a relatively long duration. Thus, the undesirable tissue may be ablated in-vivo through the delivery of destabilizing electric fields by quickly creating cell necrosis.
[0038] The apparatuses, systems, and methods for electrical ablation therapy in accordance with the described embodiments may be adapted for use in minimally invasive surgical procedures to access the tissue treatment region in various anatomic locations such as the brain, lungs, breast, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, prostate gland, and various internal body lumen defined by the esophagus, stomach, intestine, colon, arteries, veins, anus, vagina, cervix, fallopian tubes, and the peritoneal cavity, for example, without limitation. Minimally invasive electrical ablation devices may be introduced to the tissue treatment region using a trocar inserted though a small opening formed in the patient's body or through a natural body orifice such as the mouth, anus, or vagina using translumenal access techniques known as Natural Orifice Translumenal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES)™. Once the electrical ablation devices (e.g., electrodes) are located into or proximal to the undesirable tissue in the treatment region, electric field potentials can be applied to the undesirable tissue by the energy source. The
electrical ablation devices can comprise portions that may be inserted into the tissue treatment region percutaneously (e.g., where access to inner organs or other tissue is done via needle-puncture of the skin). Other portions of the electrical ablation devices may be introduced into the tissue treatment region endoscopically (e.g.,
laparoscopically and/or thoracoscopically) through trocars or working channels of the endoscope, through small incisions, or transcutaneously (e.g., where electric pulses are delivered to the tissue treatment region through the skin).
[0039] FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of an electrical ablation system 10. The electrical ablation system 10 may be employed to ablate undesirable tissue such as diseased tissues, cancers, tumors, masses, lesions, abnormal tissue growths inside a patient using electrical energy. The electrical ablation system 10 may be used in conjunction with endoscopic, laparoscopic, thoracoscopic, open surgical procedures via small incisions or keyholes, percutaneous techniques, transcutaneous techniques, and/or external non-invasive techniques, or any combinations thereof without limitation. The electrical ablation system 10 may be configured to be positioned within a natural body orifice of the patient such as the mouth, anus, or vagina and advanced through internal body lumen or cavities such as the esophagus, colon, cervix, urethra, for example, to reach the tissue treatment region. The electrical ablation system 10 also may be configured to be positioned and passed through a small incision or keyhole formed through the skin or abdominal wall of the patient to reach the tissue treatment region using a trocar. The tissue treatment region may be located in the brain, lungs, breast, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, prostate gland, various internal body lumen defined by the esophagus, stomach, intestine, colon, arteries, veins, anus, vagina, cervix, fallopian tubes, and the peritoneal cavity, for example, without limitation. The electrical ablation system 10 can be configured to treat a number of lesions and ostepathologies comprising metastatic lesions, tumors, fractures, infected sites, and/or inflamed sites. Once positioned into or proximate the tissue treatment region, the electrical ablation
system 10 can be actuated (e.g., energized) to ablate the undesirable tissue. In one embodiment, the electrical ablation system 10 may be configured to treat diseased tissue in the gastrointestinal (Gl) tract, esophagus, lung, or stomach that may be accessed orally. In another embodiment, the electrical ablation system 10 may be adapted to treat undesirable tissue in the liver or other organs that may be accessible using translumenal access techniques such as, without limitation, NOTES™ techniques, where the electrical ablation devices may be initially introduced through a natural orifice such as the mouth, anus, or vagina and then advanced to the tissue treatment site by puncturing the walls of internal body lumen such as the stomach, intestines, colon, cervix. In various embodiments, the electrical ablation system 10 may be adapted to treat undesirable tissue in the brain, liver, breast, gall bladder, pancreas, or prostate gland, using one or more electrodes positioned percutaneously, transcutaneously, translumenally, minimally invasively, and/or through open surgical techniques, or any combination thereof.
[0040] In one embodiment, the electrical ablation system 10 may be employed in conjunction with a flexible endoscope 12, as well as a rigid endoscope, laparoscope, or thoracoscope, such as the GIF-100 model available from Olympus Corporation. In one embodiment, the endoscope 12 may be introduced to the tissue treatment region trans- anally through the colon, trans-orally through the esophagus and stomach, transvaginal^ through the cervix, transcutaneously, or via an external incision or keyhole formed in the abdomen in conjunction with a trocar. The electrical ablation system 10 may be inserted and guided into or proximate the tissue treatment region using the endoscope 12.
[0041] In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1 , the endoscope 12 comprises an endoscope handle 34 and an elongate relatively flexible shaft 32. The distal end of the flexible shaft 32 may comprise a light source and a viewing port. Optionally, the flexible shaft 32 may define one or more working channels for receiving various instruments,
such as electrical ablation devices, for example, therethrough. Images within the field of view of the viewing port are received by an optical device, such as a camera comprising a charge coupled device (CCD) usually located within the endoscope 12, and are transmitted to a display monitor (not shown) outside the patient.
[0042] In one embodiment, the electrical ablation system 10 may comprise an electrical ablation device 20, a plurality of electrical conductors 18, a handpiece 16 comprising an activation switch 62, and an energy source 14, such as an electrical waveform generator, electrically coupled to the activation switch 62 and the electrical ablation device 20. The electrical ablation device 20 comprises a relatively flexible member or shaft 22 that may be introduced to the tissue treatment region using a variety of known techniques such as an open incision and a trocar, through one of more of the working channels of the endoscope 12, percutaneously, or transcutaneously, for example.
[0043] In one embodiment, one or more electrodes (e.g., needle electrodes, balloon electrodes), such as first and second electrodes 24a,b, extend out from the distal end of the electrical ablation device 20. In one embodiment, the first electrode 24a may be configured as the positive electrode and the second electrode 24b may be configured as the negative electrode. The first electrode 24a is electrically connected to a first electrical conductor 18a, or similar electrically conductive lead or wire, which is coupled to the positive terminal of the energy source 14 through the activation switch 62. The second electrode 24b is electrically connected to a second electrical conductor 18b, or similar electrically conductive lead or wire, which is coupled to the negative terminal of the energy source 14 through the activation switch 62. The electrical conductors 18a,b are electrically insulated from each other and surrounding structures, except for the electrical connections to the respective electrodes 24a, b. In various embodiments, the electrical ablation device 20 may be configured to be introduced into or proximate the tissue treatment region using the endoscope 12 (laparoscope or thoracoscope), open
surgical procedures, or external and non-invasive medical procedures. The electrodes 24a, b may be referred to herein as endoscopic or laparoscopic electrodes, although variations thereof may be inserted transcutaneously or percutaneously. As previously discussed, either one or both electrodes 24a, b may be adapted and configured to slideably move in and out of a cannula, lumen, or channel defined within the flexible shaft 22.
[0044] Once the electrodes 24a, b are positioned at the desired location into or proximate the tissue treatment region, the electrodes 24a, b may be connected to or disconnected from the energy source 14 by actuating or de-actuating the switch 62 on the handpiece 16. The switch 62 may be operated manually or may be mounted on a foot switch (not shown), for example. The electrodes 24a, b deliver electric field pulses to the undesirable tissue. The electric field pulses may be characterized based on various parameters such as pulse shape, amplitude, frequency, and duration. The electric field pulses may be sufficient to induce irreversible electroporation in the undesirable tissue. The induced potential depends on a variety of conditions such as tissue type, cell size, and electrical pulse parameters. The primary electrical pulse parameter affecting the transmembrane potential for a specific tissue type is the amplitude of the electric field and pulse length that the tissue is exposed to.
[0045] In one embodiment, a protective sleeve or sheath 26 may be slideably disposed over the flexible shaft 22 and within a handle 28. In another embodiment, the sheath 26 may be slideably disposed within the flexible shaft 22 and the handle 28, without limitation. The sheath 26 is slideable and may be located over the electrodes 24a, b to protect the trocar and prevent accidental piercing when the electrical ablation device 20 is advanced therethrough. Either one or both of the electrodes 24a, b of the electrical ablation device 20 may be adapted and configured to slideably move in and out of a cannula, lumen, or channel formed within the flexible shaft 22. The second electrode 24b may be fixed in place. The second electrode 24b may provide a pivot
about which the first electrode 24a can be moved in an arc to other points in the tissue treatment region to treat larger portions of the diseased tissue that cannot be treated by fixing the electrodes 24a, b in one location. In one embodiment, either one or both of the electrodes 24a, b may be adapted and configured to slideably move in and out of a working channel formed within a flexible shaft 32 of the flexible endoscope 12 or may be located independently of the flexible endoscope 12. Various features of the first and second electrodes 24a, b are described in more detail in FIGS. 2A-D.
[0046] In one embodiment, the first and second electrical conductors 18a,b may be provided through the handle 28. In the illustrated embodiment, the first electrode 24a can be slideably moved in and out of the distal end of the flexible shaft 22 using a slide member 30 to retract and/or advance the first electrode 24a. In various embodiments either or both electrodes 24a, b may be coupled to the slide member 30, or additional slide members, to advance and retract the electrodes 24a, b, e.g., position the electrodes 24a, b. In the illustrated embodiment, the first electrical conductor 18a coupled to the first electrode 24a is coupled to the slide member 30. In this manner, the first electrode 24a, which is slideably movable within the cannula, lumen, or channel defined by the flexible shaft 22, can advanced and retracted with the slide member 30.
[0047] In various other embodiments, transducers or sensors may be located in the handle 28 of the electrical ablation device 20 to sense the force with which the electrodes 24a, b penetrate the tissue in the tissue treatment zone. This feedback information may be useful to determine whether either one or both of the electrodes 24a, b have been properly inserted in the tissue treatment region. As is particularly well known, cancerous tumor tissue tends to be denser than healthy tissue and thus greater force is required to insert the electrodes 24a,b therein. The transducers or sensors 29 can provide feedback to the operator, surgeon, or clinician to physically sense when the electrodes 24a, b are placed within the cancerous tumor. The feedback information provided by the transducers or sensors 29 may be processed and displayed by circuits
located either internally or externally to the energy source 14. The sensor 29 readings may be employed to determine whether the electrodes 24a, b have been properly located within the cancerous tumor thereby assuring that a suitable margin of error has been achieved in locating the electrodes 24a, b.
[0048] In one embodiment, the input to the energy source 14 may be connected to a commercial power supply by way of a plug (not shown). The output of the energy source 14 is coupled to the electrodes 24a,b, which may be energized using the activation switch 62 on the handpiece 16, or in one embodiment, an activation switch mounted on a foot activated pedal (not shown). The energy source 14 may be configured to produce electrical energy suitable for electrical ablation, as described in more detail below.
[0049] In one embodiment, the electrodes 24a, b are adapted and configured to electrically couple to the energy source 14 (e.g., generator, waveform generator). Once electrical energy is coupled to the electrodes 24a, b, an electric field is formed in the tissue from the voltage applied at the electrodes 24a, b. The energy source 14 may be configured to generate electric pulses at a predetermined frequency, amplitude, pulse length, and/or polarity that are suitable to induce irreversible electroporation to ablate substantial volumes of undesirable tissue in the treatment region. For example, the energy source 14 may be configured to deliver DC electric pulses having a
predetermined frequency, amplitude, pulse length, and/or polarity suitable to induce irreversible electroporation to ablate substantial volumes of undesirable tissue in the treatment region. The DC pulses may be positive or negative relative to a particular reference polarity. The polarity of the DC pulses may be reversed or inverted from positive-to-negative or negative-to-positive a predetermined number of times to induce irreversible electroporation to ablate substantial volumes of undesirable tissue in the treatment region.
[0050] In one embodiment, a timing circuit may be coupled to the output of the energy source 14 to generate electric pulses. The timing circuit may comprise one or more suitable switching elements to produce the electric pulses. For example, the energy source 14 may produce a series of n electric pulses (where n is any positive integer) of sufficient amplitude and duration to induce irreversible electroporation suitable for tissue ablation when the n electric pulses are applied to the electrodes 24a, b. In one embodiment, the electric pulses may have a fixed or variable pulse length, amplitude, and/or frequency.
[0051] The electrical ablation device 20 may be operated either in bipolar or monopolar mode. In bipolar mode, the first electrode 24a is electrically connected to a first polarity and the second electrode 24b is electrically connected to the opposite polarity. For example, in monopolar mode, the first electrode 24a is coupled to a prescribed voltage and the second electrode 24b is set to ground. In the illustrated embodiment, the energy source 14 may be configured to operate in either the bipolar or monopolar modes with the electrical ablation system 10. In bipolar mode, the first electrode 24a is electrically connected to a prescribed voltage of one polarity and the second electrode 24b is electrically connected to a prescribed voltage of the opposite polarity. When more than two electrodes are used, the polarity of the electrodes may be alternated so that any two adjacent electrodes may have either the same or opposite polarities, for example.
[0052] In monopolar mode, it is not necessary that the patient be grounded with a grounding pad. Since a monopolar energy source 14 is typically constructed to operate upon sensing a ground pad connection to the patient, the negative electrode of the energy source 14 may be coupled to an impedance simulation circuit. In this manner, the impedance circuit simulates a connection to the ground pad and thus is able to activate the energy source 14. It will be appreciated that in monopolar mode, the
impedance circuit can be electrically connected in series with either one of the electrodes 24a, b that would otherwise be attached to a grounding pad.
[0053] In one embodiment, the energy source 14 may be configured to produce RF waveforms at predetermined frequencies, amplitudes, pulse widths or durations, and/or polarities suitable for electrical ablation of cells in the tissue treatment region. One example of a suitable RF energy source is a commercially available conventional, bipolar/monopolar electrosurgical RF generator such as Model Number ICC 350, available from Erbe, GmbH.
[0054] In one embodiment, the energy source 14 may be configured to produce destabilizing electrical potentials (e.g., fields) suitable to induce irreversible
electroporation. The destabilizing electrical potentials may be in the form of
bipolar/monopolar DC electric pulses suitable for inducing irreversible electroporation to ablate tissue undesirable tissue with the electrical ablation device 20. A commercially available energy source suitable for generating irreversible electroporation electric field pulses in bipolar or monopolar mode is a pulsed DC generator such as Model Number ECM 830, available from BTX Molecular Delivery Systems Boston, MA. In bipolar mode, the first electrode 24a may be electrically coupled to a first polarity and the second electrode 24b may be electrically coupled to a second (e.g., opposite) polarity of the energy source 14. Bipolar/monopolar DC electric pulses may be produced at a variety of frequencies, amplitudes, pulse lengths, and/or polarities. Unlike RF ablation systems, however, which require high power and energy levels delivered into the tissue to heat and thermally destroy the tissue, irreversible electroporation requires very little energy input into the tissue to kill the undesirable tissue without the detrimental thermal effects because with irreversible electroporation the cells are destroyed by electric field potentials rather than heat.
[0055] In one embodiment, the energy source 14 may be coupled to the first and second electrodes 24a, b by either a wired or a wireless connection. In a wired
connection, the energy source 14 is coupled to the electrodes 24a, b by way of the electrical conductors 18a, b, as shown. In a wireless connection, the electrical conductors 18a,b may be replaced with a first antenna (not shown) coupled the energy source 14 and a second antenna (not shown) coupled to the electrodes 24a, b, wherein the second antenna is remotely located from the first antenna.
In one embodiment, the energy source may comprise a wireless transmitter to deliver energy to the electrodes using wireless energy transfer techniques via one or more remotely positioned antennas. As previously discussed, wireless energy transfer or wireless power transmission is the process of transmitting electrical energy from the energy source 14 to an electrical load, e.g., the abnormal cells in the tissue treatment region, without using the interconnecting electrical conductors 18a,b. An electrical transformer is the simplest instance of wireless energy transfer. The primary and secondary circuits of a transformer are not directly connected. The transfer of energy takes place by electromagnetic coupling through a process known as mutual induction. Wireless power transfer technology using RF energy is produced by Powercast, Inc. The Powercast system can achieve a maximum output of 6 volts for a little over one meter. Other low-power wireless power technology has been proposed such as described in U.S. Patent No. 6,967,462.
[0056] In one embodiment, the energy source 14 may be configured to produce DC electric pulses at frequencies in the range of about 1 Hz to about 10000Hz, amplitudes in the range of about ±100 to about ±3000VDC, and pulse lengths (e.g., pulse width, pulse duration) in the range of about 1 s to about 100ms. The polarity of the electric potentials coupled to the electrodes 24a, b may be reversed during the electrical ablation therapy. For example, initially, the DC electric pulses may have a positive polarity and an amplitude in the range of about +100 to about +3000VDC. Subsequently, the polarity of the DC electric pulses may be reversed such that the amplitude is in the range of about -100 to about -3000VDC. In one embodiment, the undesirable cells in
the tissue treatment region may be electrically ablated with DC pulses suitable to induce irreversible electroporation at frequencies of about 10Hz to about 100Hz, amplitudes in the range of about +700 to about +1500VDC, and pulse lengths of about 10με to about 50μ5. In another embodiment, the abnormal cells in the tissue treatment region may be electrically ablated with an electrical waveform having an amplitude of about +500VDC and pulse duration of about 20ms delivered at a pulse period T or repetition rate, frequency f = 1/T, of about 10Hz. It has been determined that an electric field strength of 1 ,000V/cm is suitable for destroying living tissue by inducing irreversible
electroporation.
[0057] FIGS. 2A-D illustrate one embodiment of the electrical ablation device 20 in various phases of deployment. In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 2A-D, the sheath 26 is disposed over the flexible shaft 22, however, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the sheath 26 may be disposed within the flexible shaft 22. The electrical ablation device 20 may be used in conjunction with the electrical ablation system 10 shown in FIG. 1. It will be appreciated that other devices and electrode configurations may be employed without limitation. FIG. 2A illustrates an initial phase of deployment wherein the sheath 26 is extended in the direction indicated by arrow 40 to cover the electrodes 24a, b. The electrodes 24a, b may have dimensions of about 0.5mm, about 1 mm, or about 1 .5mm in diameter. It will be appreciated that the dimensions of the electrodes 24a, b may be anywhere from about 0.5mm to about 1.5mm in diameter. The electrical ablation device 20 may be introduced into the tissue treatment region through a trocar, as illustrated in FIG. 3, for example. FIG. 2B illustrates another phase of deployment wherein the sheath 26 is retracted within the handle 28 in the direction indicated by arrow 42. In this phase of deployment, the first and second electrodes 24a, b extend through the distal end of the flexible shaft 22 and are ready to be inserted into or proximate the tissue treatment region. The first electrode 24a may be retracted in direction 42 through a lumen 44 formed in the flexible shaft 22 by holding the handle 28
and pulling on the slide member 30. FIG. 2C illustrates a transition phase wherein the first electrode 24a is the process of being retracted in direction 42 by pulling on the slide member 30 handle, for example, in the same direction. FIG. 2D illustrates another phase of deployment wherein the first electrode 24a is in a fully retracted position. In this phase of deployment the electrical ablation device 20 can be pivotally rotated about an axis 46 defined by the second electrode 24b. The electrodes 24a, b are spaced apart by a distance "r." The distance "r" between the electrodes 24a, b may be 5.0mm, about 7.5mm, or about 10mm. It will be appreciated that the distance "r" between the electrodes 24a, b may be anywhere from about 5.0mm to about 10.0mm. Thus, the electrical ablation device 20 may be rotated in an arc about the pivot formed by the second electrode 24b, the first electrode 24a may be placed in a new location in the tissue treatment region within the radius "r." Retracting the first electrode 24a and pivoting about the second electrode 24b enables the surgeon or clinician to target and treat a larger tissue treatment region essentially comprising a circular region having a radius "r," which is the distance between the electrodes 24a, b. Thus, the electrodes 24a, b may be located in a plurality of positions in and around the tissue treatment region in order to treat much larger regions of tissue. Increasing the electrode 24a, b diameter and spacing the electrodes 24a, b further apart enables the generation of an electric field over a much larger tissue regions and thus the ablation of larger volumes of undesirable tissue. In this manner, the operator can treat a larger tissue treatment region comprising cancerous lesions, polyps, or tumors, for example.
[0058] Although the electrical ablation electrodes according to the described embodiments have been described in terms of the particular needle type electrodes 24a, b as shown and described in FIGS. 1 and 2A-D, those skilled in the art will appreciate that other configurations of electrical ablation electrodes may be employed for the ablation of undesirable tissue, without limitation. In one embodiment, the electrical ablation device 20 may comprise two or more fixed electrodes that are non-
retractable. In another embodiment, the electrical ablation device 20 may comprise two or more retractable electrodes, one embodiment of which is described below with reference to FIG. 2E. In another embodiment, the electrical ablation device 20 may comprise at least one slideable electrode disposed within at least one working channel of the flexible shaft 32 of the endoscope 12. In another embodiment, the electrical ablation device 20 may comprise at least one electrode may be configured to be inserted into the tissue treatment region transcutaneously or percutaneously. Still in various other embodiments, the electrical ablation device 20 may comprise at least one electrode configured to be introduced to the tissue treatment region transcutaneously or percutaneously and at least one other electrode may be configured to be introduced to the tissue treatment region through at least one working channel of the flexible shaft 32 of the endoscope 12. The embodiments, however, are not limited in this context.
[0059] FIG. 2E illustrates one embodiment of an electrical ablation device 100 comprising multiple needle electrodes 124m, where m is any positive integer. In the illustrated embodiment, the electrical ablation device 100 comprises four electrodes 124a, 124b, 124c, 124d. It will be appreciated that in one embodiment, the electrical ablation device 800 also may comprise three needle electrodes 124a, 124b, 124c, without limitation. The electrical ablation device 100 may be used in conjunction with the electrical ablation system 10 shown in FIG. 1. It will be appreciated that other devices and electrode configurations may be employed without limitation. The electrodes 124a-m each may have dimensions of about 0.5mm, about 1 mm, or about 1.5mm in diameter. It will be appreciated that the dimensions of each of the electrodes 124a-m may be anywhere from about 0.5mm to about 1.5mm in diameter. The electrical ablation device 100 may be introduced into the tissue treatment region through a trocar, as subsequently described and illustrated with reference to FIG. 3, for example.
[0060] The electrical ablation device 100 comprises essentially the same components as the electrical ablation device 20 described with reference to FIGS. 2A-D. The electrical ablation device 100 comprises the relatively flexible member or shaft 22, the protective sheath 26, and one or more handles 28 to operate either the sheath 26, the electrodes 124a,b,c,d, or both. The electrodes 124a,b,c,d may be individually or simultaneously deployable and/or retractable in the direction indicated by arrow 142. The electrodes 124a,b,c,d extend out from the distal end of the electrical ablation device 100. In one embodiment, the first and second electrodes 124a, 124b may be configured as the positive electrode coupled to the anode of the energy source 14 via corresponding first and second electrical conductors 118a, 118b, and the third and fourth electrodes 124c, 124d may be configured as the negative electrode coupled to the cathode of the energy source 14 via corresponding third and fourth electrical conductors 118c, 1 18d, or similar electrically conductive leads or wires, through the activation switch 62. Once the electrodes 124a,b,c,d are positioned at the desired location into or proximate the tissue treatment region, the electrodes 124a,b,c,d may be connected/disconnected from the energy source 14 by actuating/de-actuating the switch 62.
[0061] As previously discussed with reference to FIGS. 2A-D, as shown in FIG. 2E in one embodiment, the protective sleeve or sheath 26 may be slideably disposed over the flexible shaft 22 and within the handle 28. In an initial phase of deployment, the sheath 26 is extended in direction 40 to cover the electrodes 124a,b,c,d to protect the trocar and prevent accidental piercing when the electrical ablation device 100 is advanced therethrough. Once the electrodes 124a,b,c,d are located into or proximate the tissue treatment region, the sheath 26 is retracted in direction 42 to expose the electrodes 124a,b,c,d. One or more of the electrodes 124a,b,c,d of the electrical ablation device 100 may be adapted and configured to slideably move in and out of a cannula, lumen, or channel formed within the flexible shaft 22. In one embodiment all of the electrodes
124a,b,c,d are configured to slideably move in and out channels formed within lumens formed within the flexible shaft 22, referred to for example as the lumen 44 in FIGS. 2A- D, to advance and retract the electrodes 124a,b,c,d as may be desired by the operator. Nevertheless, in other embodiments, it may be desired to fix all or certain ones of the one or more electrodes 124a,b,c,d in place.
[0062] The various embodiments of electrodes described in the present specification, e.g., the electrodes 24a, b, or 124a-m, may be configured for use with an electrical ablation device (not shown) comprising an elongated flexible shaft to house the needle electrodes 24a, b, or 124a-m, for example. The needle electrodes 24a, b, or 124a-m, are free to extend past a distal end of the electrical ablation device. The flexible shaft comprises multiple lumen formed therein to slideably receive the needle electrodes 24a, b, or 124a-m. A flexible sheath extends longitudinally from a handle portion to the distal end. The handle portion comprises multiple slide members received in respective slots defining respective walls. The slide members are coupled to the respective needle electrodes 24a, b, or 124a-m. The slide members are movable to advance and retract the electrode 24a, b, or 124a-m. The needle electrodes 24a, b, or 124a-m, may be independently movable by way of the respective slide members. The needle electrodes 24a, b, or 124a-m, may be deployed independently or simultaneously. An electrical ablation device (not shown) comprising an elongated flexible shaft to house multiple needle electrodes and a suitable handle is described with reference to FIGS. 4-10 in commonly owned U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 11/897,676 titled "ELECTRICAL ABLATION SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS," filed August 31 , 2007, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
[0063] It will be appreciated that the electrical ablation devices 20, 100 described with referenced to FIGS. 2A-E, may be introduced inside a patient endoscopically, transcutaneously, percutaneously, through an open incision, through a trocar (as shown in FIG. 3), through a natural orifice, or any combination thereof. In one embodiment, the
outside diameter of the electrical ablation devices 20, 100 may be sized to fit within a working channel of an endoscope and in other embodiments the outside diameter of the electrical ablation devices 20, 100 may be sized to fit within a hollow outer sleeve, or trocar, for example.
[0064] FIG. 3 illustrates one embodiment of the electrical ablation system 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2A-D in use to treat undesirable tissue 48 located on the surface of the liver 50. The undesirable tissue 48 may be representative of a variety of diseased tissues, cancers, tumors, masses, lesions, abnormal tissue growths, for example. In use, the electrical ablation device 20 may be introduced into or proximate the tissue treatment region through a port 52 of a trocar 54. The trocar 54 is introduced into the patient via a small incision 59 formed in the skin 56. The endoscope 12 may be introduced into the patient trans-anally through the colon, trans-orally down the esophagus and through the stomach using translumenal techniques, or through a small incision or keyhole formed through the patient's abdominal wall (e.g., the peritoneal wall). The endoscope 12 may be employed to guide and locate the distal end of the electrical ablation device 20 into or proximate the undesirable tissue 48. Prior to introducing the flexible shaft 22 through the trocar 54, the sheath 26 is slid over the flexible shaft 22 in a direction toward the distal end thereof to cover the electrodes 24a, b (as shown in FIG. 2A) until the distal end of the electrical ablation device 20 reaches the undesirable tissue 48.
[0065] Once the electrical ablation device 20 has been suitably introduced into or proximate the undesirable tissue 48, the sheath 26 is retracted to expose the electrodes 24a, b (as shown in FIG. 2B) to treat the undesirable tissue 48. To ablate the
undesirable tissue 48, the operator initially may locate the first electrode 24a at a first position 58a and the second electrode 24b at a second position 60 using endoscopic visualization and maintaining the undesirable tissue 48 within the field of view of the flexible endoscope 12. The first position 58a may be near a perimeter edge of the
undesirable tissue 48. Once the electrodes 24a, b are located into or proximate the undesirable tissue 48, the electrodes 24a, b are energized with irreversible
electroporation pulses to create a first necrotic zone 65a. For example, once the first and second electrodes 24a, b are located in the desired positions 60 and 58a, the undesirable tissue 48 may be exposed to an electric field generated by energizing the first and second electrodes 24a, b with the energy source 14. The electric field may have a magnitude, frequency, and pulse length suitable to induce irreversible
electroporation in the undesirable tissue 48 within the first necrotic zone 65a. The size of the necrotic zone is substantially dependent on the size and separation of the electrodes 24a, b, as previously discussed. The treatment time is defined as the time that the electrodes 24a, b are activated or energized to generate the electric pulses suitable for inducing irreversible electroporation in the undesirable tissue 48.
[0066] This procedure may be repeated to destroy relatively larger portions of the undesirable tissue 48. The position 60 may be taken as a pivot point about which the first electrode 24a may be rotated in an arc of radius "r," the distance between the first and second electrodes 24a, b. Prior to rotating about the second electrode 24b, the first electrode 24a is retracted by pulling on the slide member 30 (FIGS. 1 and 2A-D) in a direction toward the proximal end and rotating the electrical ablation device 20 about the pivot point formed at position 60 by the second electrode 24b. Once the first electrode 24a is rotated to a second position 58b, it is advanced to engage the undesirable tissue 48 at point 58b by pushing on the slide member 30 in a direction towards the distal end. A second necrotic zone 65b is formed upon energizing the first and second electrodes 24a, b. A third necrotic zone 65c is formed by retracting the first electrode 24a, pivoting about pivot point 60 and rotating the first electrode 24a to a new location, advancing the first electrode 24a into the undesirable tissue 48 and energizing the first and second electrodes 24a, b. This process may be repeated as often as necessary to create any number of necrotic zones 65p, where p is any positive integer, within multiple circular
areas of radius "r," for example, that is suitable to ablate the entire undesirable tissue 48 region. At anytime, the surgeon or clinician can reposition the first and second electrodes 24a, b and begin the process anew. In other embodiments, the electrical ablation device 100 comprising multiple needle electrodes 124a-m described with reference to FIG. 2E may be employed to treat the undesirable tissue 48. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that similar techniques may be employed to ablate any other undesirable tissues that may be accessible trans-anally through the colon, and/or orally through the esophagus and the stomach using translumenal access techniques.
Therefore, the embodiments are not limited in this context.
[0067] In various embodiments, as outlined above, a surgical instrument can comprise a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein at least one the first and second electrodes can be operably coupled to a power source. In certain
embodiments, as also outlined above, a first electrode can be operably coupled with a positive terminal of a voltage source and the second electrode can be operably coupled with a negative terminal of the voltage source, for example. In at least one
embodiment, the first and second electrodes can comprise columnar, or point, electrodes which can be inserted into the tissue of a patient. In various circumstances, a voltage potential can be applied to the two electrodes such that a magnetic field can be created therebetween in order to treat the tissue positioned intermediate the electrodes. In some circumstances, the voltage potential may be sufficient to permit current to flow between the electrodes. Various devices are disclosed in commonly- owned co-pending U.S. Patent Application No. 12/352,375, entitled ELECTRICAL ABLATION DEVICES, which was filed on January 12, 2009, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein. While such devices may be suitable for their intended purposes, other devices disclosed herein can provide various advantages.
[0068] In various embodiments, referring now to FIGS. 4-6, a surgical instrument, such as surgical instrument 200, for example, can comprise a handle portion 228, a
shaft portion 222, and one or more electrodes, such as electrodes 224a and 224b, for example. Referring to FIG. 4, handle portion 228 can comprise a first portion 231 and a second portion 233, wherein the first portion 231 and the second portion 233 can be moved relative to one another. Electrodes 224a and 224b can be mounted, or rigidly secured, to the first portion 231 wherein, in at least one embodiment, proximal ends of electrodes 224a and 224b can be mounted to first portion 231 such that the proximal ends of the electrodes do not move relative to first portion 231. In at least one embodiment, a sheath 226 of shaft portion 222 can be mounted, or rigidly secured, to second portion 233 such that, when second portion 233 is moved relative to first portion 231 , sheath 226 can be moved relative to first electrode 224a and/or second electrode 224b. In various embodiments, second portion 233 can be moved between a first, or distal, position (FIG. 5) in which the distal end 223 of sheath 226 surrounds the distal ends 235a, 235b of electrodes 224a, 224b and a second, or proximal, position (FIG. 6) in which the distal end 223 of sheath 226 is retracted relative to the distal ends 235a, 235b of electrodes 224a, 224b.
[0069] In various embodiments, further to the above, sheath 226 can be moved between a distal position in which the distal ends 235a, 235b of electrodes 224a, 224b are positioned within the sheath 226 and a proximal position in which the distal ends 235a, 235b can extend distally from the distal end 223 of sheath 226. In at least one embodiment, the distal ends 235a, 235b of electrodes 224a, 224b can be recessed with respect to the distal end 223 of sheath 226 when sheath 226 is in its distal position. In use, the distal end 223 of sheath 226 can be positioned against tissue within a surgical site, for example, such that the electrodes 224a, 224b do not contact the tissue. Such embodiments may also allow the surgical instrument 200, or at least the distal end thereof, to be inserted through a trocar without the electrodes 224a, 224b coming into contact with, snagging on, and/or becoming damaged by the trocar. Once the distal end of the surgical instrument 200 has been suitably positioned relative to the targeted
tissue, the sheath 226 can be retracted in order to expose the distal ends 235a, 235b of the electrodes 224a, 224b such that the electrodes can be inserted into the tissue. In various alternative embodiments, the distal ends 235a, 235b of electrodes 224a, 224b can be positioned in the same plane as the distal end of sheath 226 when the sheath 226 is in its distal-most position.
[0070] In various embodiments, as outlined above, the second portion 233 of handle 228 can be moved relative to the first portion 231 of handle 228 in order to move the sheath 226 relative to the electrodes 224a, 224b. In various circumstances, referring again to Fig. 4, the first portion 231 can be held in a stationary, or at least substantially stationary, position while the second portion 233 can be slid relative to first portion 231 by a surgeon, or other clinician, for example. In at least one embodiment, the first portion 231 can comprise a cylindrical, or at least substantially cylindrical, portion 235 and the second portion 233 can comprise a cylindrical, or at least substantially cylindrical, aperture 237 configured to receive the cylindrical portion 235 of first portion 231. The aperture 237 can be configured to closely receive cylindrical portion 235 such that relative movement therebetween can be limited to relative movement along a predetermined path, such as axis 239, for example. In certain embodiments, first portion 231 and second portion 233 can comprise one or more cooperating keys and/or grooves which can be configured to permit relative sliding movement therebetween along axis 239 while preventing, or at least inhibiting, relative movement therebetween which is transverse to axis 239.
[0071] In various embodiments, referring now to FIG. 7, a surgical instrument, such as surgical instrument 300, for example, can comprise a sheath 326 and one or more electrodes, such as electrodes 324a and 324b, for example. In use, similar to the above, the electrodes 324a and 324b can be inserted into tissue and a voltage differential can be applied to the electrodes such that current can flow from one electrode to the other and, in addition, flow through the tissue positioned intermediate
and/or surrounding the electrodes 324a and 324b. In various embodiments, at least one electrode can comprise an insulative jacket surrounding at least a portion of the electrode such that current does not arc, or jump, between the electrodes of the surgical instrument without flowing through the tissue. In certain embodiments, such as those having two electrodes, for example, an insulative jacket may surround only one of the electrodes, wherein such an insulative jacket can be sufficient to prevent current from arcing between the electrodes. In at least one embodiment, an insulative jacket 341a can surround at least a portion of electrode 324a and, similarly, an insulative jacket 341 b can surround at least a portion of electrode 324b. The insulative jackets can be comprised of any suitable material which can increase the dielectric resistance between the electrodes 324a and 324b, such as ceramic, for example. In various embodiments, as a result of the above, an insulative jacket at least partially surrounding an electrode can interrupt the air gap between the electrodes in order to reduce the possibility of current arcing between the electrodes.
[0072] In various embodiments, further to the above, insulative jacket 341a can comprise a tube having an aperture, wherein electrode 324a can extend through the aperture. In at least one embodiment, insulative jacket 341a can be mounted, or rigidly secured, to a handle portion of surgical instrument 300 and can extend along a substantial length of electrode 324a. The insulative jacket 341a can be configured such that the distal end 335a of electrode 324a is not surrounded by insulative jacket 341a and such that the distal end 335a of electrode 324a extends distally from the distal end 343a of insulative jacket 341 a. Similar to the above, insulative jacket 341 b can comprise a tube having an aperture, wherein electrode 324b can extend through the aperture. In at least one embodiment, insulative jacket 341 b can be mounted, or rigidly secured, to a handle portion of surgical instrument 300 and can extend along the length of electrode 324b. The insulative jacket 341 b can be configured such that the distal end 335b of electrode 324b is not surrounded by insulative jacket 341 b and such that the
distal end 335b of electrode 324b extends distally from the distal end 343b of insulative jacket 341 b. In at least one such embodiment, the air gap between the electrodes 324a and 324b can be interrupted by the insulative jackets 341a, 341 b except for the distance extending between the distal ends of the electrodes 324a, 324b and the distal ends of insulative jackets 341a, 341b.
[0073] Referring to FIG. 8, the distal ends 343a, 343b of electrodes 324a, 324b can be inserted into tissue such that, if the electrodes 324a and 324b are inserted a certain depth, insulative jacket 341 a and/or insulative jacket 341 b can contact the tissue. Once the insulative jacket 341 a and/or insulative jacket 341 b contacts the tissue, the insulative jackets can prevent, or at least inhibit, electrode 324a and/or electrode 324b from being further inserted into the tissue. In at least one embodiment, the distal end 343a and/or distal end 343b can comprise a datum which can define the maximum insertion depth of the electrode 324a and/or electrode 324b into the tissue. When the insulative jackets 341 a and 341 b are in contact with, or at least nearly in contact with, the tissue, very little, if any, uninterrupted air gap may exist between the electrodes 324a and 324b. In various circumstances, as a result, the possibility of current acting between the electrodes without passing through the tissue can be reduced. In various embodiments, the distal end 343a of insulative jacket 341a and the distal end 343b of insulative jacket 341 b can lie along a common plane, or datum. In various other embodiments, although not illustrated, the distal ends 343a and 343b of insulative jackets 341a and 341 b can define different datums and/or can provide for different insertion depths into the tissue, for example.
[0074] In various embodiments, referring now to FIG. 9, a surgical instrument, such as surgical instrument 400, for example, can comprise a sheath 426 and one or more electrodes, such as electrodes 424a and 424b, for example. In use, similar to the above, the electrodes 424a and 424b can be inserted into tissue and a voltage differential can be applied to the electrodes such that current can flow from one
electrode to the other and, in addition, flow through the tissue positioned intermediate and/or surrounding the electrodes. The surgical instrument 400 can further comprise an insulative guard, such as guard 441 , for example, which can be movable between a distal, or extended, position in which it is positioned intermediate the distal ends of the first electrode 424a and the second electrode 424b and a proximal, or retracted, position in which the guard 441 is displaced proximally relative to the distal ends of the first and second electrodes 424a and 424b. In various embodiments, the guard 441 can be biased into a distal position (FIG. 9) in which guard 441 is positioned intermediate the distal end 443a of first electrode 424a and the distal end 443b of second electrode 424b. In certain embodiments, the guard 441 can be biased into its distal position by a spring, such as compression spring 445, for example. More particularly, in at least one embodiment, spring 445 can be positioned intermediate a portion of sheath 426, such as support surface 447, for example, and a portion of insulative guard 441 , such as surface 449 and/or projections extending therefrom, such that the compression spring 445 can apply a biasing force to guard 441 and hold guard 441 in its distal position. In such a distal position, the guard 441 can prevent, or at least reduce the possibility of, current from arcing between the electrodes.
[0075] As outlined above, the insulative guard 441 of surgical instrument 400 can be biased into its distal position by compression spring 445. In at least one embodiment, referring to FIG. 9, guard 441 can comprise a distal end 451 which can be positioned flush with the distal ends 443a and 443b of electrodes 424a and 424b. In at least one embodiment, the distal end 451 can be positioned along a datum defined by distal ends 443a and 443b. In certain other embodiments, although not illustrated, the distal end 451 of guard 441 can extend beyond the distal end 443a and/or the distal end 443b of the electrodes. As also outlined above, the guard 441 can be retracted proximally. In at least one embodiment, referring now to FIG. 10, the insulative guard 441 can be slid proximally within sheath 426 such that the insulative guard 441 is no longer positioned
intermediate the distal ends 443a and 443b of the electrodes. In certain embodiments, referring now to FIG. 11 , the surgical instrument 400 can be configured such that insulative guard 441 can be retracted as electrodes 424a and 424b are inserted into the tissue. More particularly, in at least one embodiment, the distal ends 443a and 443b of the electrodes and the distal end 451 of guard 441 can be positioned against tissue wherein, as the electrodes 424a and 424b enter into the tissue, the guard 441 may not enter into the tissue and, instead, may be displaced proximally, or relative to the distal ends 443a and 443b. Once the guard has been displaced proximally, in various embodiments, a voltage differential may be applied to the electrodes 424a and 424b and current may flow from one electrode to the other through the tissue.
[0076] When insulative guard 441 is displaced proximally, as outlined above, the guard 441 can compress spring 445. When spring 445 is compressed, the spring 445 can store energy therein and apply a biasing force to insulative guard 441 such that, as the electrodes 424a and 424b are extracted from the tissue, the spring 445 can displace the guard 441 distally toward the distal ends 443a and 443b of electrodes 424a and 424b. In at least one such embodiment, the distal end 451 of guard 441 can remain in contact with the tissue as the electrodes 424a and 424b are inserted into and extracted from the tissue. In various embodiments, as a result, the guard 441 can prevent, or at least reduce the possibility of, current arcing between the electrodes without passing through the tissue. Stated another way, the guard 441 can be sufficiently retracted when the electrodes 424a, 424b are inserted into tissue in order to permit current to flow between the portions of electrodes 424a, 424b within the tissue but, at the same time, sufficiently positioned against the tissue to prevent, or at least reduce the possibility of, current from flowing between the electrodes 424a, 424b at a location outside of the tissue. In various embodiments, as a result of the above, the insulative guard 441 and spring 445 arrangement can provide for a self-regulating, or self-retracting, system. In other embodiments, although not illustrated, the surgical instrument 400 can comprise
an actuator configured to displace the insulative guard 441 . In certain embodiments, other biasing means can be used in addition to or in lieu of a spring. In at least one embodiment, for example, a surgical instrument can comprise a motor mounted within a shaft of the surgical instrument, wherein the motor can apply a biasing force to an insulative guard in order to keep the guard biased against the tissue and yet the permit the guard to move relative to the electrodes.
[0077] In various embodiments, further to the above, surgical instrument 400 can further comprise means for controlling or defining the movement of insulative guard 441 as it is moved between its proximal and distal positions. In at least one embodiment, referring to FIGS. 9 and 10, the sheath 426 can comprise at least one elongate slot 453 and the guard 441 can comprise at least one projection 455 extending therefrom, wherein the projection 455 can be configured to slide within the slot 453. The slot 453 can be configured to limit the movement of projection 455 such that the guard 441 can move along a predetermined path relative to sheath 426, for example. In at least one embodiment, the slot 453 and projection 455 can be configured such that guard 441 is guided along an axial, or longitudinal, path between its proximal and distal positions. In at least one such embodiment, the slot 453 can comprise a linear, or at least
substantially linear, profile and can be parallel to, substantially parallel to, collinear with, or substantially collinear with a longitudinal axis of sheath 426. Although not illustrated, other embodiments are envisioned in which slot 453 can comprise a curved
configuration, a curvilinear configuration, and/or any other suitable configuration in order to provide or define a suitable path for guard 441. In various embodiments, although not illustrated, the sheath 426 can comprise at least one projection extending therefrom which can be configured to slide within at least groove in the insulative guard. In various embodiments, referring again to FIGS. 9 and 10, the insulative guard 441 can comprise one or more recesses or grooves, such as recesses 457a and 457b, for example, which can be configured to receive at least a portion of the electrodes 424a
and 424b, respectively. More particularly, in at least one embodiment, the electrode 424a can extend through recess 457a in guard 441 and, in addition, the electrode 424b can extend through the recess 457b, wherein, in at least one embodiment, the electrodes 424a, 424b can be closely received in the recesses 457a, 457b such that guard 441 is guided therebetween.
[0078] In various embodiments, a surgical instrument can include an electrode comprising a flexible portion which can be configured to conform to the surface of an organ, such as a patient's liver, for example, and/or any other suitable tissue to be treated. In certain embodiments, referring now to FIG. 12, a surgical instrument, such as surgical instrument 500, for example, can comprise a shaft 526 and an electrode 524, wherein the electrode 524 can be comprised of a flexible, conductive mesh 525. In at least one embodiment, the surgical instrument 500 can further comprise an electrode support 561 which can be mounted to the shaft 526. The electrode support 561 can comprise a wire, or rod, having a first end and a second end mounted to the shaft 526 and an intermediate portion 565 extending between the first end and the second end. The first end and the second end of electrode support 561 can be mounted to shaft 526 in any suitable manner, such as by welding and/or fasteners, for example. In various embodiments, the intermediate portion 565 can define a perimeter configured to support the edge of the flexible mesh 525. The edge of the flexible mesh 525 can be mounted to the electrode support 561 by any suitable means such as an adhesive and/or fasteners, for example. In certain embodiments, the edge of the flexible mesh 525 can be wrapped around the electrode support 561 such that the edge of the flexible mesh 525 can be attached to itself. In any event, the electrode mesh 525 can be configured such that a central portion of the electrode mesh 525 can move relative to its edge. In at least one embodiment, the central portion of the electrode mesh 525 can be configured to deflect relative to the electrode support 561 in order to create a pocket, or pouch. The electrode mesh 525 can comprise a concave or convex configuration which
can receive at least a portion of the targeted tissue therein. In various embodiments, the surgical instrument 500 can comprise a liver retractor wherein the flexible mesh 525 can deflect to receive at least a portion of a patient's liver. In at least one such embodiment, the electrode 524 may be sufficiently rigid to allow a surgeon to
manipulate the patient's liver with the surgical instrument 500 and hold the electrode
524 in position.
[0079] In various embodiments, further to the above, the flexible mesh 525 can be comprised of a conductive material, such as copper and/or stainless steel, for example, wherein the flexible mesh can be operably connected with at least one conductor, such as conductor 518, for example, of the surgical instrument 500. In use, the flexible mesh
525 can be positioned relative to the tissue to be treated wherein, in at least one embodiment, a second electrode, such as electrode 524b, for example, can also be positioned relative to the tissue. Referring now to FIG. 13, the flexible electrode of surgical instrument 500 can be positioned on one side of the tissue to be treated and the second electrode can be inserted into the tissue and/or a tumor within the tissue, for example. In at least one such embodiment, the conductor 518 of surgical instrument 500 and the second electrode 524b can be operably coupled with a power source such that current can flow between the electrodes. In various embodiments, the second electrode 524b can be operably connected with a cathode, or positive pole, of the power source while the conductor 518 can be operably connected to an anode, or negative pole, of the power source and/or a suitable ground. In various other embodiments, the second electrode 524b can be operably connected to the anode of the power source and/or ground while the conductor 518 can be operably connected to the cathode of the power source. In any event, referring to FIGS. 14 and 15, the voltage potential applied to the electrode 524 and the second electrode 524b, and/or the current passing between the electrodes 524, 524b, can cause necrosis in the tissue which is in contact with and/or surrounding the electrodes 524, 524b. Such necrotic tissue can comprise
necrotic tissue portion 563a and necrotic tissue portion 563b wherein, referring to FIG. 14, the necrotic tissue portion 563b can be associated with the second electrode 524b and can comprise a volume of substantially ablated and/or necrotic tissue while the necrotic tissue portion 563a can be associated with electrode 524 and can comprise a volume of only partially ablated and/or necrotic tissue, for example.
[0080] In various circumstances, further to the above, it may be desirable to control or limit the size of necrotic tissue region 563a and/or the density of the necrotic tissue within region 563a. In certain embodiments, the amount and/or density of the necrotic tissue created around the electrode 524 can depend on the intensity, or density, of the current flowing from and/or to the electrode 524. In various circumstances, the field density of the current can depend on the size of the electrode 524. More particularly, a larger electrode 524 can produce a lower current field density surrounding the electrode 524 and, as a result, generate a smaller amount of necrotic tissue, whereas a smaller electrode 524 can produce a larger current field density and, as a result, generate a larger amount of necrotic tissue. In various embodiments, referring again to FIG. 14, the necrotic tissue region 563a can be largely positioned under and/or around the electrode support 561 . In view of the above, the perimeter or diameter of electrode support 561 can be increased such that a smaller amount of, and/or less dense volume of, necrotic tissue is created around electrode 524, whereas the perimeter or diameter of electrode support 561 can be decreased such that a larger amount of, and/or more dense volume of, necrotic tissue is created around electrode 524. Correspondingly, a larger perimeter or diameter of electrode support 561 can generally accommodate a larger electrode mesh 525, wherein the larger electrode mesh 525 can, as a result, contact a larger surface area of tissue. Such a larger surface area can further reduce the amount and/or density of necrotic tissue produced by electrode 524. By
comparison, the amount and/or density of necrotic tissue surrounding second electrode 524b, which may comprise a needle electrode, for example, can be larger, and possibly
substantially larger, than the amount and/or density of necrotic tissue surrounding electrode 524.
[0081] As outlined above, referring again to FIG. 12, the electrode mesh 525 can comprise a conductive material. In at least one embodiment, the electrode mesh 525 can be attached to shaft 526 by a mounting collar 541 , wherein the mounting collar 541 can secure an end of mesh 525 in position. In at least one embodiment, the electrode mesh 525 can comprise a bag having an open end which can be slid over electrode support 561 and at least a portion of shaft 526 wherein the mounting collar 541 can be slid over at least a portion of mesh 525 to mount mesh 525 to shaft 526. In certain embodiments, the electrode mesh can comprise at least one substrate material perfused with at least one electrically-conductive material, such as saline, for example, wherein the perfused material and the substrate material can permit current to flow throughout the mesh 525 and/or between conductor 518 and electrode support 561 , for example. In various embodiments, the substrate material and the perfused material can both be comprised of one or more electrically-conductive materials. In at least one embodiment, the mesh 525 can be comprised of a non-conductive, or at least substantially non-conductive, substrate material, wherein a conductive material perfused within the substrate material can conduct the current within the mesh 525. In at least one embodiment, the substrate material of mesh 525 can be porous such that the substrate material can absorb the conductive material. In various embodiments, the electrode mesh 525 can comprise at least one substrate material and, in addition, at least one conductive material coated onto the substrate material. In at least one embodiment, the substrate material can be comprised of at least one non-electrically conductive material while, in other embodiments, the substrate material can be comprised of one or more electrically conductive materials. In certain embodiments, the coated material can be comprised of a multi-filament medical polyester yarn available from ATEX Technologies, for example. As discussed above, mesh 525 can be flexible
such that it can readily deflect or change shape when it contacts tissue, such as a patient's liver, for example. In certain embodiments, the mesh 525 can comprise a material having a plurality of apertures extending therethrough, wherein the apertures can be arranged in any suitable pattern. In at least one embodiment, mesh 525 can comprise a weaved material. In certain embodiments, the mesh 525 can be rigid, or at least substantially rigid, such that it does not substantially deflect when it contacts tissue.
[0082] In various embodiments, referring now to FIG. 16, a surgical instrument, such as surgical instrument 600, for example, can comprise a flexible electrode, such as balloon electrode 624, for example, wherein the electrode 624 can be configured to conform to the contour of the tissue being treated. In certain embodiments, the balloon electrode 624 can be delivered to a surgical site percutaneously and/or laprascopically, wherein the balloon electrode 624 can be positioned under and/or around the targeted tissue, such as a patient's liver, for example. In at least one embodiment, the balloon electrode 624 can be expanded in order to increase the surface area of the electrode in contact with the targeted tissue. Similar to the above, a larger surface area in contact with the tissue can reduce the amount of, and/or the density of, the necrotic tissue created. In various embodiments, also similar to the above, a second electrode can be inserted into the targeted tissue, wherein the second electrode can be operably coupled with the cathode, or positive terminal, of a power source and the balloon electrode 624 can comprise a return electrode which can be operably coupled with the anode, or negative terminal, of the power source and/or any suitable ground, for example. In other embodiments, the electrode 624 can be operably coupled with the cathode, or positive terminal, of the power source and the second electrode can be operably coupled with the anode, or negative terminal, of the power source and/or any other suitable ground. In various alternative embodiments, a surgical instrument can include
an electrode comprising a flexible sheet which is positioned against or relative to the targeted tissue.
[0083] In various embodiments, referring now to FIGS. 17 and 18, a surgical instrument, such as surgical instrument 700, for example, can comprise a plurality of electrodes, such as electrodes 724a, 724b, 724c, and 724d, for example, which can be configured and arranged to treat tissue in a desired manner. Similar to the above, the electrodes 724a-724d can extend distally from shaft 722 and protective sleeve 726 such that the electrodes can be inserted into tissue. In certain embodiments, also similar to the above, the electrodes 724a and 724b can be operably coupled with a cathode, or positive terminal, of a power source, whereas the electrodes 724c and 724d can be operably coupled with an anode, or negative terminal, of a power source. Referring primarily to FIG. 18, the electrodes 724a-724d can be positioned and arranged with respect to a central axis, such as axis 799, for example, wherein, in certain
embodiments, axis 799 can be defined by the center of shaft 722. In various
embodiments, the electrodes 724a-724d can each comprise a columnar electrode having a central axis, wherein the central axes of the electrodes 724a-724d can be positioned relative to axis 799. For example, the central axis of electrode 724a can be positioned a distance D1 away from axis 799, the central axis of electrode 724b can be positioned a distance D2 away from axis 799, the central axis of electrode 724c can be positioned a distance D3 away from axis 799, and the central axis of electrode 724d can be positioned a distance D4 away from axis 799. In certain embodiments, distance D1 can be equal to, or at least substantially equal to, distance D2 while, in various embodiments, distance D3 can be equal to, or at least substantially equal to, distance D4. Referring again to FIG. 18, distances D1 and D2 can be larger than distances D3 and D4 such that electrodes 724a and 724b care positioned further away from axis 799 than electrodes 724c and 724d. In various embodiments, distances D1 , D2, D3, and/or D4 can range between approximately 0.25 cm and approximately 1.0 cm, for example.
[0084] When electrodes 724a-724d are polarized by a power source, referring again to FIG. 18, a voltage field can be created which surrounds the electrodes. In various embodiments, the voltage field can comprise one or more isolines, wherein each isoline can represent portions of the voltage field which have the same magnitude. For example, the voltage field generated by electrodes 724a-724d can be represented by a plurality of isolines, such as isoline 798a, for example, wherein isoline 798a can represent a perimeter surrounding the electrodes having a constant voltage field magnitude. Similarly, the electrodes 724a-724d can produce an isoline 798b which can represent a perimeter surrounding the electrodes having a constant voltage field magnitude which is different than the magnitude of isoline 798a, for example. In various embodiments, the isoline 798b can represent a voltage field magnitude which is greater than the magnitude represented by isoline 798a. In various embodiments, referring now to FIG. 19, the magnitude of the voltage field produced by the electrodes may not be constant at all locations surrounding the electrodes; on the contrary, the magnitude of the voltage field may be different at various locations surrounding the electrodes. For example, the voltage field, or at least a portion of the voltage field produced by the surgical instrument 700 can be represented by graph 797a in FIG. 19. More
particularly, the graph 797a can represent the magnitude of the voltage field measured in a plane which includes the center axis of electrode 724c, center axis 799, and electrode 724d. Graph 797a, however, may not necessarily represent the magnitude of the voltage field in other planes. Upon examining the graph 797a, it can be seen that, in at least one embodiment, the voltage field produced by the electrodes 724a-724d can comprise a symmetrical, or at least substantially symmetrical, profile centered about axis 799. Furthermore, it can be seen from graph 797a that the magnitude of the voltage field has two valleys 795c, 795d centered about, or at least positioned adjacent to, the electrodes 724c and 724d, respectively. In various embodiments, the magnitude
of the voltage field at valleys 795c and/or 795d may be zero or, alternatively, greater than zero.
[0085] In various embodiments, referring again to the graph 797a in FIG. 19, the magnitude of the voltage field surrounding electrodes 724a-724d can be the same, or at least substantially the same, at distances of between about 6cm to about 10cm away from axis 799 in the lateral directions, for example. Stated another way, the change in magnitude, or gradient, of the voltage field produced by surgical instrument 700 between about 6cm and about 10cm away from the center of surgical instrument 700 may be very small. In at least one embodiment, for example, the gradient, or rate of change of the magnitude of the voltage field, between about 9cm and about 10cm may be about 0.04VDC per millimeter, for example. In other various embodiments, the gradient may be about 0.01VDC/mm, about 0.02VDC/mm, about 0.03VDC/mm, about 0.05VDC/mm, about 0.06VDC/mm, about 0.07VDC/mm, about 0.08VDC/mm, about 0.09VDC/mm, about 0.10VDC/mm, about 0.1 1VDC/mm, about 0.12VDC/mm, and/or about 0.13VDC/mm, for example. In various circumstances, it may be desirable for surgical instrument 700 to produce a voltage field having a gradient below about 0.14V/mm, wherein a voltage field gradient at or larger than 0.14 V/mm may cause a contraction of muscle, and/or other tissue, surrounding the surgical site. Referring now to the graph 797b in FIG. 19, the graph 797b can represent the magnitude of the voltage field measured in a plane which includes the center axis of electrode 724a, center axis 799, and electrode 724b, although the graph 797b may not necessarily represent the magnitude of the voltage field in other planes. In various circumstances, the planes used to establish graphs 797a and 797b may be orthogonal, or
perpendicular, to one another. Upon examining the graph 797b, it can be seen that, in at least one embodiment, the voltage field produced by the electrodes 724a-724d can comprise a symmetrical, or at least substantially symmetrical, profile centered about axis 799. Furthermore, it can be seen from graph 797b that the magnitude of the
voltage field has two peaks 795a, 795b centered about, or at least positioned adjacent to, the electrodes 724a and 724b, respectively. Similar to the above, it can be seen from graph 797b that the gradient of the magnitude of the voltage field between about 9cm and about 10cm away from axis 799 may be about 0.04VDC per millimeter, for example. In other various embodiments, the gradient may be about 0.01 VDC/mm, about 0.02VDC/mm, about 0.03VDC/mm, about 0.05VDC/mm, about 0.06VDC/mm, about 0.07VDC/mm, about 0.08VDC/mm, about 0.09VDC/mm, about 0.10VDC/mm, about 0.11 VDC/mm, about 0.12VDC/mm, and/or about 0.13VDC/mm, for example.
[0086] Viewing graphs 797a and 797b together, further to the above, the voltage field produced by surgical instrument 700 between about 6cm and about 10cm away from axis 799 in all directions could be represented by a single isoline, or isoplane, which surrounds the electrodes 724a-724d. When electrodes 724a-724d are positioned in tissue, such an isoplane can represent very little, if any, voltage gradient through the tissue which, as a result, can result in little, if any contraction of the tissue within the 6cm to 10cm region, for example. As outlined above, referring against to graphs 797a and 797b in FIG. 19, the magnitude of the voltage field produced by the surgical instrument 700 is a function of the voltage potential, or differential, supplied to the electrodes 724a-724d. A lower voltage potential, or differential, supplied to the electrodes can result in a voltage field having a lower average magnitude as compared to when a higher voltage potential, or differential, is supplied to the electrodes 724a- 724d. In various embodiments, further to the above, the same voltage potential, or at least substantially the same voltage potential, supplied to electrode 724a can be supplied to electrode 724b. In certain embodiments, the same voltage potential, or at least substantially the same voltage potential, supplied to electrode 724c can be supplied to electrode 724d.
[0087] In various embodiments, referring now to FIGS. 20 and 21 , a surgical instrument, such as surgical instrument 900, for example, can comprise a first array of
electrodes, such as electrodes 924a, 924b, and 924c, for example, which can be operably coupled with a first conductor. In addition, the surgical instrument 900 can further comprise a second array of electrodes, such as electrodes 924d, 924e, and 924f, for example, which can be operably coupled with a second conductor. Further to the above, the first conductor can be operably coupled with a cathode, or positive terminal, of a power source, whereas the second conductor can be operably coupled with an anode, or negative terminal, of the power source, for example. In various embodiments, referring primarily to FIG. 21 , the electrodes 924a-924f can be arranged along first and second lines. More particularly, in at least one embodiment, electrodes 924a, 924e, and 924c can be positioned along a first line while electrodes 924d, 924b, and 924f can be positioned along a second line. In certain embodiments, the first line can be parallel to, or at least substantially parallel to, the second line. With regard to the first line of electrodes, in various embodiments, positive electrode 924a can be positioned on one side of negative electrode 924e while positive electrode 924c can be positioned on the opposite side of electrode 924e. Similarly, with regard to the second line of electrodes, negative electrode 924d can be positioned on one side of positive electrode 924b while negative electrode 924f can be positioned on the opposite side of electrode 924b. In certain embodiments, electrodes 924a, 924b, and 924c can have the same, or at least substantially the same, voltage potential while, in at least one embodiment, electrodes 924d, 924e, and 924f can have the same, or at least substantially the same, voltage potential.
[0088] In various embodiments, further to the above, the first array of electrodes comprising electrodes 924a, 924b, and 924c can be set to a first polarity while the second array of electrodes comprising electrodes 924d, 924e, and 924f can be set to a second polarity. In certain embodiments, the polarity of the first array of electrodes can be adjusted simultaneously while the polarity of the second array of electrodes can be adjusted simultaneously, and independently, of the first array of electrodes. In various
embodiments, the electrode 924a can be operably coupled to a first conductor, the electrode 924b can be operably coupled to a second conductor, the electrode 924c can be operably coupled to a third conductor, the electrode 924d can be operably coupled with a fourth conductor, the electrode 924e can be operably coupled with a fifth conductor, and the electrode 924f can be operably coupled with a sixth conductor. In at least one such embodiment, each of the conductors can be operably coupled with an output of a voltage source, wherein the voltage source can be configured to supply different voltage potentials to one, some, and/or all of the conductors and their corresponding electrodes. In the exemplary embodiment of surgical instrument 900, such a voltage source could supply six different voltage potentials, wherein, in at least one embodiment, each of the voltage potentials could be adjusted before, and/or during, the operation of the surgical instrument.
[0089] In certain embodiments, referring again to FIG. 21 , the electrodes 924a, 924e, and 924c can be attached to and/or bonded to one another with an insulator positioned intermediate the electrodes 924a, 924e, and 924c. Similarly, electrodes 924d, 924b, and 924f can be attached to and/or bonded to one another within an insulator positioned intermediate the electrodes 924d, 924b, and 924f. In various embodiments, air gaps can be present between the electrodes 924a-924f. In any event, although surgical instrument 900 is described and illustrated as comprising six electrodes, other embodiments are envisioned which can comprise less than six electrodes or more than six electrodes, such as embodiments comprising eight electrodes arranged in two rows of four electrodes, or embodiments comprising ten electrodes arranged in two rows of five electrodes, for example. Furthermore, although surgical instrument 900 is described and illustrated as comprising two rows of electrodes, other embodiments are envisioned which can comprise more than two rows of electrodes, such as
embodiments comprising nine electrodes arranged in three rows of three electrodes, for example.
[0090] The embodiments of the devices described herein may be introduced inside a patient using minimally invasive or open surgical techniques. In some instances it may be advantageous to introduce the devices inside the patient using a combination of minimally invasive and open surgical techniques. Minimally invasive techniques may provide more accurate and effective access to the treatment region for diagnostic and treatment procedures. To reach internal treatment regions within the patient, the devices described herein may be inserted through natural openings of the body such as the mouth, anus, and/or vagina, for example. Minimally invasive procedures performed by the introduction of various medical devices into the patient through a natural opening of the patient are known in the art as NOTES™ procedures. Some portions of the devices may be introduced to the tissue treatment region percutaneously or through small - keyhole - incisions.
[0091] Endoscopic minimally invasive surgical and diagnostic medical procedures are used to evaluate and treat internal organs by inserting a small tube into the body. The endoscope may have a rigid or a flexible tube. A flexible endoscope may be introduced either through a natural body opening (e.g., mouth, anus, and/or vagina) or via a trocar through a relatively small - keyhole - incision incisions (usually 0.5 - 1 .5cm). The endoscope can be used to observe surface conditions of internal organs, including abnormal or diseased tissue such as lesions and other surface conditions and capture images for visual inspection and photography. The endoscope may be adapted and configured with working channels for introducing medical instruments to the treatment region for taking biopsies, retrieving foreign objects, and/or performing surgical procedures.
[0092] Preferably, the various embodiments of the devices described herein will be processed before surgery. First, a new or used instrument is obtained and if necessary cleaned. The instrument can then be sterilized. In one sterilization technique, the instrument is placed in a closed and sealed container, such as a plastic or TYVEK®
bag. The container and instrument are then placed in a field of radiation that can penetrate the container, such as gamma radiation, x-rays, or high-energy electrons. The radiation kills bacteria on the instrument and in the container. The sterilized instrument can then be stored in the sterile container. The sealed container keeps the instrument sterile until it is opened in the medical facility. Other sterilization techniques can be done by any number of ways known to those skilled in the art including beta or gamma radiation, ethylene oxide, and/or steam.
[0093] Although the various embodiments of the devices have been described herein in connection with certain disclosed embodiments, many modifications and variations to those embodiments may be implemented. For example, different types of end effectors may be employed. Also, where materials are disclosed for certain components, other materials may be used. The foregoing description and following claims are intended to cover all such modification and variations.
[0094] Any patent, publication, or other disclosure material, in whole or in part, that is said to be incorporated by reference herein is incorporated herein only to the extent that the incorporated materials does not conflict with existing definitions, statements, or other disclosure material set forth in this disclosure. As such, and to the extent necessary, the disclosure as explicitly set forth herein supersedes any conflicting material incorporated herein by reference. Any material, or portion thereof, that is said to be incorporated by reference herein, but which conflicts with existing definitions, statements, or other disclosure material set forth herein will only be incorporated to the extent that no conflict arises between that incorporated material and the existing disclosure material.
Claims
1. A surgical instrument configured to deliver electrical energy to the tissue of a patient, comprising:
a first electrode, comprising
an elongate portion defined along a first axis; and
a distal portion configured to contact the tissue;
a second electrode, comprising:
an elongate portion defined along a second axis; and
a distal portion configured to contact the tissue; and
a sheath comprising a distal portion, wherein said sheath at least partially encompasses said first electrode, wherein said sheath at least partially encompasses said second electrode, and wherein said distal portion of said sheath is movable relative to said distal portion of said first electrode and said distal portion of said second electrode.
2. The surgical instrument of Claim 1 , further comprising a handle, wherein said first electrode and said second electrode are mounted to said handle, and wherein said distal portion of said sheath is retractable toward said handle.
3. The surgical instrument of Claim 1 , further comprising a handle, wherein said handle comprises a first portion and a second portion, wherein said first electrode and said second electrode are mounted to said first portion, wherein said sheath is mounted to said second portion, and wherein said second portion is configured to move relative to said first portion to move said sheath relative to said first electrode and said second electrode.
4. A surgical instrument configured to deliver electrical energy to the tissue of a patient, comprising:
a first electrode, comprising:
an elongate portion defined along a first axis; and
a distal end configured to contact the tissue;
a second electrode, comprising:
an elongate portion defined along a second axis; and
a distal end configured to contact the tissue; and
a jacket positioned around a length of said first electrode, wherein said jacket is comprised of an electrically insulative material, wherein said jacket comprises a distal end, wherein said distal end of said first electrode extends from said distal end of said jacket, wherein said distal end of said first electrode is configured to penetrate the tissue, and wherein said distal end of said jacket comprises a tissue stop configured to be positioned against the tissue.
5. The surgical instrument of Claim 4, further comprising a second jacket positioned around a second length of said second electrode, wherein said second length does not include said distal portion of said second electrode, and wherein said second jacket is comprised of an electrically insulative material.
6. The surgical instrument of Claim 5, wherein said second jacket comprises a distal end, wherein said distal end of said second electrode extends from said distal end of said second jacket, wherein said distal portion of said second electrode is configured to penetrate the tissue, and where said distal end of said second jacket comprises a tissue stop configured to be positioned against the tissue.
7. A surgical instrument configured to deliver electrical energy to the tissue of a patient, comprising:
a frame;
a first electrode, comprising:
an elongate portion defined along a first axis; and
a distal portion configured to contact the tissue;
a second electrode, comprising:
an elongate portion defined along a second axis; and
a distal portion configured to contact the tissue;
a guard movable between a first position and a second position, wherein said guard is comprised of an electrically insulative material; and
a spring positioned intermediate said guard and said frame, wherein said guard is positioned intermediate said distal portion of said first electrode and said distal portion of said second electrode when said guard is in said first position, wherein said spring is configured to bias said guard into said first position, and wherein said guard is not positioned intermediate said distal portion of said first electrode and said distal portion of said second electrode when said guard is in said second position.
8. The surgical instrument of Claim 7, wherein said guard is configured to move from said first position to said second position when said first electrode and said second electrode are inserted into the tissue.
9. The surgical instrument of Claim 7, wherein said guard is configured to move from said first position to said second position when said guard contacts the tissue.
10. A surgical instrument, comprising:
a shaft comprising a conductor; and an electrode, comprising:
a support member mounted to said shaft; and
a flexible mesh comprising an electrically conductive material, wherein said support member is configured to support at least a portion of said flexible mesh, and wherein said flexible mesh is in electrical communication with said conductor.
11 . The surgical instrument of Claim 10, wherein said flexible mesh comprises a substrate, and wherein said electrically conductive material is coated on said substrate.
12. The surgical instrument of Claim 10, wherein said flexible mesh comprises a substrate, and wherein said electrically conductive material is perfused within said substrate.
13. The surgical instrument of Claim 10, wherein said support member comprises a first portion and a second portion, and wherein said flexible mesh extends between said first portion and said second portion.
14. The surgical instrument of Claim 10, wherein said support member comprises a perimeter, and wherein said flexible mesh is attached to said support member along said perimeter.
15. A surgical instrument kit, comprising:
a first instrument comprising a first electrode; and
a second instrument, comprising:
a shaft comprising a conductor; and
a second electrode, comprising:
a support member mounted to said shaft; and a flexible mesh comprising an electrically conductive material, wherein said support member is configured to support at least a portion of said flexible mesh, and wherein said flexible mesh is in electrical communication with said conductor.
16. The surgical instrument of Claim 15, wherein said flexible mesh comprises a substrate, and wherein said electrically conductive material is coated on said substrate.
17. The surgical instrument of Claim 15, wherein said flexible mesh comprises a substrate, and wherein said electrically conductive material is perfused within said substrate.
18. The surgical instrument of Claim 15, wherein said support member comprises a first portion and a second portion, and wherein said flexible mesh extends between said first portion and said second portion.
19. The surgical instrument of Claim 15, wherein said support member comprises a perimeter, and wherein said flexible mesh is attached to said support member along said perimeter.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/641,837 | 2009-12-18 | ||
US12/641,837 US9028483B2 (en) | 2009-12-18 | 2009-12-18 | Surgical instrument comprising an electrode |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2011075482A2 true WO2011075482A2 (en) | 2011-06-23 |
WO2011075482A3 WO2011075482A3 (en) | 2011-10-27 |
Family
ID=43838129
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2010/060325 WO2011075482A2 (en) | 2009-12-18 | 2010-12-14 | Surgical instrument comprising an electrode |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US9028483B2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2011075482A2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2020094622A1 (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2020-05-14 | Region Hovedstaden V/Herlev Hospital | An electrode assembly for improved electric field distribution |
Families Citing this family (69)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7655004B2 (en) | 2007-02-15 | 2010-02-02 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Electroporation ablation apparatus, system, and method |
US8075572B2 (en) | 2007-04-26 | 2011-12-13 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical suturing apparatus |
US8100922B2 (en) | 2007-04-27 | 2012-01-24 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Curved needle suturing tool |
US8579897B2 (en) | 2007-11-21 | 2013-11-12 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Bipolar forceps |
US8568410B2 (en) | 2007-08-31 | 2013-10-29 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Electrical ablation surgical instruments |
US8262655B2 (en) | 2007-11-21 | 2012-09-11 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Bipolar forceps |
US20090112059A1 (en) | 2007-10-31 | 2009-04-30 | Nobis Rudolph H | Apparatus and methods for closing a gastrotomy |
US8480657B2 (en) | 2007-10-31 | 2013-07-09 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Detachable distal overtube section and methods for forming a sealable opening in the wall of an organ |
US8262680B2 (en) | 2008-03-10 | 2012-09-11 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Anastomotic device |
US8679003B2 (en) | 2008-05-30 | 2014-03-25 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical device and endoscope including same |
US8070759B2 (en) | 2008-05-30 | 2011-12-06 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical fastening device |
US8114072B2 (en) | 2008-05-30 | 2012-02-14 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Electrical ablation device |
US8652150B2 (en) | 2008-05-30 | 2014-02-18 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Multifunction surgical device |
US8771260B2 (en) | 2008-05-30 | 2014-07-08 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Actuating and articulating surgical device |
US8317806B2 (en) | 2008-05-30 | 2012-11-27 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Endoscopic suturing tension controlling and indication devices |
US8906035B2 (en) * | 2008-06-04 | 2014-12-09 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Endoscopic drop off bag |
US8403926B2 (en) | 2008-06-05 | 2013-03-26 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Manually articulating devices |
US8361112B2 (en) | 2008-06-27 | 2013-01-29 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical suture arrangement |
US8262563B2 (en) | 2008-07-14 | 2012-09-11 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Endoscopic translumenal articulatable steerable overtube |
US8888792B2 (en) | 2008-07-14 | 2014-11-18 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Tissue apposition clip application devices and methods |
US8211125B2 (en) | 2008-08-15 | 2012-07-03 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Sterile appliance delivery device for endoscopic procedures |
US8529563B2 (en) | 2008-08-25 | 2013-09-10 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Electrical ablation devices |
US8241204B2 (en) | 2008-08-29 | 2012-08-14 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Articulating end cap |
US8480689B2 (en) | 2008-09-02 | 2013-07-09 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Suturing device |
US8409200B2 (en) | 2008-09-03 | 2013-04-02 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical grasping device |
US8114119B2 (en) | 2008-09-09 | 2012-02-14 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical grasping device |
US8337394B2 (en) | 2008-10-01 | 2012-12-25 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Overtube with expandable tip |
US8157834B2 (en) | 2008-11-25 | 2012-04-17 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Rotational coupling device for surgical instrument with flexible actuators |
US8172772B2 (en) | 2008-12-11 | 2012-05-08 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Specimen retrieval device |
US8361066B2 (en) | 2009-01-12 | 2013-01-29 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Electrical ablation devices |
US8828031B2 (en) | 2009-01-12 | 2014-09-09 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Apparatus for forming an anastomosis |
US9226772B2 (en) | 2009-01-30 | 2016-01-05 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical device |
US8252057B2 (en) | 2009-01-30 | 2012-08-28 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical access device |
US8903488B2 (en) | 2009-05-28 | 2014-12-02 | Angiodynamics, Inc. | System and method for synchronizing energy delivery to the cardiac rhythm |
US9895189B2 (en) | 2009-06-19 | 2018-02-20 | Angiodynamics, Inc. | Methods of sterilization and treating infection using irreversible electroporation |
US20110098704A1 (en) | 2009-10-28 | 2011-04-28 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Electrical ablation devices |
US8608652B2 (en) | 2009-11-05 | 2013-12-17 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Vaginal entry surgical devices, kit, system, and method |
US20110115891A1 (en) * | 2009-11-13 | 2011-05-19 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Energy delivery apparatus, system, and method for deployable medical electronic devices |
US8353487B2 (en) | 2009-12-17 | 2013-01-15 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | User interface support devices for endoscopic surgical instruments |
US8496574B2 (en) | 2009-12-17 | 2013-07-30 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Selectively positionable camera for surgical guide tube assembly |
US8506564B2 (en) | 2009-12-18 | 2013-08-13 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical instrument comprising an electrode |
US9028483B2 (en) | 2009-12-18 | 2015-05-12 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical instrument comprising an electrode |
US9005198B2 (en) | 2010-01-29 | 2015-04-14 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical instrument comprising an electrode |
WO2012051433A2 (en) | 2010-10-13 | 2012-04-19 | Angiodynamics, Inc. | System and method for electrically ablating tissue of a patient |
US10092291B2 (en) | 2011-01-25 | 2018-10-09 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical instrument with selectively rigidizable features |
US9233241B2 (en) | 2011-02-28 | 2016-01-12 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Electrical ablation devices and methods |
US9254169B2 (en) | 2011-02-28 | 2016-02-09 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Electrical ablation devices and methods |
US9314620B2 (en) | 2011-02-28 | 2016-04-19 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Electrical ablation devices and methods |
WO2012125785A1 (en) | 2011-03-17 | 2012-09-20 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Hand held surgical device for manipulating an internal magnet assembly within a patient |
US9078665B2 (en) | 2011-09-28 | 2015-07-14 | Angiodynamics, Inc. | Multiple treatment zone ablation probe |
US8986199B2 (en) | 2012-02-17 | 2015-03-24 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for cleaning the lens of an endoscope |
US9427255B2 (en) | 2012-05-14 | 2016-08-30 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Apparatus for introducing a steerable camera assembly into a patient |
JP5932994B2 (en) | 2012-05-25 | 2016-06-08 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Endoscopic surgical apparatus and mantle tube |
US9078662B2 (en) | 2012-07-03 | 2015-07-14 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Endoscopic cap electrode and method for using the same |
US9545290B2 (en) | 2012-07-30 | 2017-01-17 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Needle probe guide |
US9572623B2 (en) | 2012-08-02 | 2017-02-21 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Reusable electrode and disposable sheath |
US10314649B2 (en) | 2012-08-02 | 2019-06-11 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Flexible expandable electrode and method of intraluminal delivery of pulsed power |
US9277957B2 (en) | 2012-08-15 | 2016-03-08 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Electrosurgical devices and methods |
US10098527B2 (en) | 2013-02-27 | 2018-10-16 | Ethidcon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | System for performing a minimally invasive surgical procedure |
JP6023872B2 (en) | 2013-03-29 | 2016-11-09 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Endoscopic surgery device |
JP6210848B2 (en) * | 2013-11-11 | 2017-10-11 | オリンパス株式会社 | Medical instruments |
DE112015005828T5 (en) * | 2015-02-27 | 2017-09-14 | Olympus Corporation | Medical power supply system |
US10905492B2 (en) | 2016-11-17 | 2021-02-02 | Angiodynamics, Inc. | Techniques for irreversible electroporation using a single-pole tine-style internal device communicating with an external surface electrode |
WO2019020809A1 (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2019-01-31 | Scandinavian Chemotech Ab | A device, e.g. a dynamic electro enhanced pain control (deepc) device, for delivery of electrical pulses to a desired body part of a mammal |
US11166745B2 (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2021-11-09 | Jessica Jameson | Multi-port epidural needle |
US10857347B2 (en) | 2017-09-19 | 2020-12-08 | Pulse Biosciences, Inc. | Treatment instrument and high-voltage connectors for robotic surgical system |
US11471186B2 (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2022-10-18 | Luiz Lanat Pedreira de Cerqueira Filho | Thin cannulas trocar and method |
US11571569B2 (en) | 2019-02-15 | 2023-02-07 | Pulse Biosciences, Inc. | High-voltage catheters for sub-microsecond pulsing |
BR112021020675A2 (en) * | 2019-04-18 | 2022-01-04 | Ivy Diagnostics 2021 Ltd | air speculum |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6967462B1 (en) | 2003-06-05 | 2005-11-22 | Nasa Glenn Research Center | Charging of devices by microwave power beaming |
Family Cites Families (1830)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2493108A (en) * | 1950-01-03 | Akticle handler | ||
US645576A (en) | 1897-09-02 | 1900-03-20 | Nikola Tesla | System of transmission of electrical energy. |
US787412A (en) | 1900-05-16 | 1905-04-18 | Nikola Tesla | Art of transmitting electrical energy through the natural mediums. |
US1039354A (en) | 1910-03-29 | 1912-09-24 | Pasquale Bonadio | Hose-coupling. |
US1127948A (en) * | 1914-12-31 | 1915-02-09 | Reinhold H Wappler | Cystoscope. |
US1482653A (en) * | 1923-01-16 | 1924-02-05 | William E Lilly | Gripping device |
US1581707A (en) | 1925-11-16 | 1926-04-20 | Patent Button Co | Four-hole button |
US1581709A (en) | 1925-11-16 | 1926-04-20 | Patent Button Co | Four-hole sew-on button |
US1581706A (en) | 1925-11-16 | 1926-04-20 | Patent Button Co | Two-hole button |
US1581708A (en) | 1925-11-16 | 1926-04-20 | Patent Button Co | Two-hole sew-on button |
US1581710A (en) | 1925-11-16 | 1926-04-20 | Patent Button Co | Four-hole sew-on button |
US1625602A (en) | 1926-04-06 | 1927-04-19 | Harold G Gould | Surgical appliance |
GB330629A (en) | 1929-03-14 | 1930-06-16 | Edward Baron | Improvements in and connected with vaginal specula and like instruments |
US1916722A (en) | 1931-06-15 | 1933-07-04 | Frank M Ende | Diathermy |
US2031682A (en) * | 1932-11-18 | 1936-02-25 | Wappler Frederick Charles | Method and means for electrosurgical severance of adhesions |
US2028635A (en) * | 1933-09-11 | 1936-01-21 | Wappler Frederick Charles | Forcipated surgical instrument |
US2113246A (en) | 1937-05-17 | 1938-04-05 | Wappler Frederick Charles | Endoscopic forceps |
US2137710A (en) | 1937-12-13 | 1938-11-22 | Alfred W Anderson | Forceps |
US2155365A (en) | 1938-03-07 | 1939-04-18 | Kearney James R Corp | Pick-up tongs |
US2196620A (en) | 1938-10-25 | 1940-04-09 | Sarkis T Attarian | Hook attaching device and spreader |
US2191858A (en) * | 1939-06-09 | 1940-02-27 | William H Moore | Paper and trash picker tongs and the like |
US2388137A (en) | 1945-05-07 | 1945-10-30 | George D Graumlich | Device for installing and removing tubular lamps and the like |
US2504152A (en) | 1945-12-14 | 1950-04-18 | Robert T Riker | Gripper |
US2451077A (en) | 1948-03-01 | 1948-10-12 | Emsig Sidney | Molded integral sewing hole button of thermosetting synthetic resinous materials |
US2938382A (en) | 1955-04-29 | 1960-05-31 | Vloeistofmeetapp Nfabriek Nv | Fluid meter |
US2952206A (en) | 1957-05-10 | 1960-09-13 | Austin Powder Co | Fuse connector |
US3069195A (en) | 1959-05-18 | 1962-12-18 | Buck Frank | Device for changing tubular lights |
US3044461A (en) | 1960-01-21 | 1962-07-17 | Murdock Barbara | Procto-sigmoidoscope |
US3070088A (en) | 1961-02-02 | 1962-12-25 | Brahos Nicholas George | Surgical retractor device |
US3170471A (en) * | 1962-04-23 | 1965-02-23 | Schnitzer Emanuel | Inflatable honeycomb |
US3481325A (en) | 1966-03-31 | 1969-12-02 | Jacob A Glassman | Gastroscope |
US3470876A (en) | 1966-09-28 | 1969-10-07 | John Barchilon | Dirigible catheter |
US3435824A (en) | 1966-10-27 | 1969-04-01 | Herminio Gamponia | Surgical apparatus and related process |
US3595239A (en) | 1969-04-04 | 1971-07-27 | Roy A Petersen | Catheter with electrical cutting means |
US3669487A (en) | 1970-11-09 | 1972-06-13 | Lonnie D Roberts | Tool |
US3746881A (en) | 1971-02-16 | 1973-07-17 | Maxwell Lab | Marx generator and triggering circuitry therefor |
US3799672A (en) | 1972-09-15 | 1974-03-26 | Us Health Education & Welfare | Oximeter for monitoring oxygen saturation in blood |
US3948251A (en) | 1972-10-25 | 1976-04-06 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Flexible tube endoscope |
US3854473A (en) | 1973-05-29 | 1974-12-17 | Olympus Optical Co | Stilet for endoscopes |
DE2513868C2 (en) | 1974-04-01 | 1982-11-04 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd., Tokyo | Bipolar electrodiathermy forceps |
US4043342A (en) * | 1974-08-28 | 1977-08-23 | Valleylab, Inc. | Electrosurgical devices having sesquipolar electrode structures incorporated therein |
US3946740A (en) | 1974-10-15 | 1976-03-30 | Bassett John W | Suturing device |
US3965890A (en) | 1974-10-18 | 1976-06-29 | William Kohlmann Gauthier | Surgical retractor |
US3961632A (en) | 1974-12-13 | 1976-06-08 | Moossun Mohamed H | Stomach intubation and catheter placement system |
US3994301A (en) | 1975-04-14 | 1976-11-30 | S & S Medical Products Co., Inc. | Submammary dissector |
US4071028A (en) * | 1976-02-17 | 1978-01-31 | Perkins George C | Radio frequency cautery instrument and control unit therefor |
US4085743A (en) | 1976-03-02 | 1978-04-25 | In Bae Yoon | Multiple occlusion ring applicator and method |
US4012812A (en) | 1976-03-11 | 1977-03-22 | Wade Industries, Inc. | Double lock tufting button |
US4174715A (en) | 1977-03-28 | 1979-11-20 | Hasson Harrith M | Multi-pronged laparoscopy forceps |
US4207873A (en) | 1977-05-16 | 1980-06-17 | American Cystoscope Makers, Inc. | Endoscope deflection control |
US4461281A (en) | 1977-06-15 | 1984-07-24 | Carson Robert W | Arthroscopic surgical apparatus and method |
US4170997A (en) | 1977-08-26 | 1979-10-16 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Medical laser instrument for transmitting infrared laser energy to a selected part of the body |
US5133727A (en) | 1990-05-10 | 1992-07-28 | Symbiosis Corporation | Radial jaw biopsy forceps |
US4178920A (en) | 1977-10-03 | 1979-12-18 | American Hospital Supply Corporation | Urological instrument with deflecting element |
JPS5472489A (en) | 1977-11-18 | 1979-06-09 | Osaka Hiyuuzu Kk | Wire connector |
US4164225A (en) | 1977-12-28 | 1979-08-14 | Johnson & Lorenz, Inc. | Surgical suturing instrument |
US4258716A (en) | 1978-02-06 | 1981-03-31 | The University Of Melbourne | Microsurgical instruments |
US4235238A (en) | 1978-05-11 | 1980-11-25 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Apparatus for suturing coeliac tissues |
US4281646A (en) | 1978-06-30 | 1981-08-04 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Cleaning device for an observation window of an endoscope |
JPS5519124A (en) | 1978-07-27 | 1980-02-09 | Olympus Optical Co | Camera system for medical treatment |
JPS5552748A (en) * | 1978-10-12 | 1980-04-17 | Olympus Optical Co | Highhfrequency incising tool |
US4329980A (en) | 1979-03-06 | 1982-05-18 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Flexible sheath for an endoscope |
JPH0127762Y2 (en) | 1979-06-30 | 1989-08-23 | ||
US4269174A (en) | 1979-08-06 | 1981-05-26 | Medical Dynamics, Inc. | Transcutaneous vasectomy apparatus and method |
JPS5646674A (en) | 1979-09-21 | 1981-04-27 | Hitachi Ltd | Surge voltage generator |
US4527564A (en) | 1980-02-06 | 1985-07-09 | Janome Sewing Machine Co. Ltd. | Suturing needle for medical operation |
US4285344A (en) | 1980-02-21 | 1981-08-25 | Marshall Warren S | Surgical scissors |
SU980703A1 (en) | 1980-05-16 | 1982-12-15 | Иркутский Государственный Медицинский Институт | Device for dissection of tissues |
US4393872A (en) | 1980-05-27 | 1983-07-19 | Eder Instrument Co., Inc. | Aspirating surgical forceps |
US4396021A (en) | 1980-12-15 | 1983-08-02 | Baumgartner George C | Surgical instrument and process |
US4406656A (en) | 1981-06-01 | 1983-09-27 | Brack Gillium Hattler | Venous catheter having collapsible multi-lumens |
US4452246A (en) | 1981-09-21 | 1984-06-05 | Bader Robert F | Surgical instrument |
US4677982A (en) | 1981-12-31 | 1987-07-07 | New York University | Infrared transcutaneous communicator and method of using same |
AU9143982A (en) | 1982-01-20 | 1983-07-28 | Sorenson Research Co. Inc. | Translating and positioning a catheter |
US4527331A (en) | 1982-01-26 | 1985-07-09 | Lasner Jeffrey I | Suture remover and continuous band scissors |
US4823794A (en) | 1982-07-12 | 1989-04-25 | Pierce William S | Surgical pledget |
US4491132A (en) * | 1982-08-06 | 1985-01-01 | Zimmer, Inc. | Sheath and retractable surgical tool combination |
USD281104S (en) | 1982-09-27 | 1985-10-22 | Adler Instrument Company | Serrated surgical scissors |
US4492232A (en) | 1982-09-30 | 1985-01-08 | United States Surgical Corporation | Surgical clip applying apparatus having fixed jaws |
US4491135A (en) | 1982-11-03 | 1985-01-01 | Klein Harvey A | Surgical needle holder |
GB2130889B (en) | 1982-11-26 | 1986-06-18 | Wolf Gmbh Richard | Rectoscope |
US4655219A (en) | 1983-07-22 | 1987-04-07 | American Hospital Supply Corporation | Multicomponent flexible grasping device |
US4657018A (en) | 1983-08-19 | 1987-04-14 | Hakky Said I | Automatic/manual resectoscope |
US5190546A (en) * | 1983-10-14 | 1993-03-02 | Raychem Corporation | Medical devices incorporating SIM alloy elements |
US4712545A (en) | 1984-04-05 | 1987-12-15 | Acufex Microsurgical, Inc. | Surgical instrument |
US4569347A (en) * | 1984-05-30 | 1986-02-11 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Catheter introducing device, assembly and method |
GB2161389B (en) | 1984-07-05 | 1988-06-08 | Wolf Gmbh Richard | Instrument insert for a uretero-renoscope |
US4657016A (en) | 1984-08-20 | 1987-04-14 | Garito Jon C | Electrosurgical handpiece for blades, needles and forceps |
US4938214A (en) | 1984-09-10 | 1990-07-03 | Micrins Surgical Instruments, Ltd. | Hand held surgical tool |
US4580551A (en) | 1984-11-02 | 1986-04-08 | Warner-Lambert Technologies, Inc. | Flexible plastic tube for endoscopes and the like |
US4646722A (en) | 1984-12-10 | 1987-03-03 | Opielab, Inc. | Protective endoscope sheath and method of installing same |
DE3590721T1 (en) * | 1985-01-25 | 1987-01-29 | ||
US4727600A (en) | 1985-02-15 | 1988-02-23 | Emik Avakian | Infrared data communication system |
US4685447A (en) | 1985-03-25 | 1987-08-11 | Pmt Corporation | Tissue expander system |
US4742817A (en) | 1985-05-15 | 1988-05-10 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Endoscopic apparatus having a bendable insertion section |
US4721116A (en) * | 1985-06-04 | 1988-01-26 | Schintgen Jean Marie | Retractable needle biopsy forceps and improved control cable therefor |
JPS63500221A (en) | 1985-06-20 | 1988-01-28 | グレイ,ノエル デズモンド | Internally applied self-energizing healing electrodes |
USD295894S (en) | 1985-09-26 | 1988-05-24 | Acme United Corporation | Disposable surgical scissors |
US5020535A (en) | 1985-09-26 | 1991-06-04 | Alcon Laboratories, Inc. | Handpiece drive apparatus for powered surgical scissors |
US4669470A (en) | 1985-11-20 | 1987-06-02 | Brandfield Robert T | Surgical forceps/scissors |
US4649904A (en) | 1986-01-02 | 1987-03-17 | Welch Allyn, Inc. | Biopsy seal |
US4763669A (en) | 1986-01-09 | 1988-08-16 | Jaeger John C | Surgical instrument with adjustable angle of operation |
FR2595938A1 (en) | 1986-03-18 | 1987-09-25 | Hanna Khalil | MICROSURGICAL INSTRUMENT FOR THE USE OF CLAMPS OR SCISSORS |
US4836188A (en) | 1986-05-06 | 1989-06-06 | Berry Yale J | Instrument for illuminated sterescopic viewing of body cavities |
US5066295A (en) | 1986-05-13 | 1991-11-19 | Mill-Rose Laboratories, Inc. | Rotatable surgical snare |
US4711240A (en) | 1986-05-15 | 1987-12-08 | Duke University Patents Foundation | Surgical dissector |
US5123914A (en) | 1986-05-19 | 1992-06-23 | Cook Incorporated | Visceral anchor for visceral wall mobilization |
US4867140A (en) | 1986-05-19 | 1989-09-19 | Hovis Donald B | Fluid-actuated medical support |
US5010876A (en) | 1986-06-02 | 1991-04-30 | Smith & Nephew Dyonics, Inc. | Arthroscopic surgical practice |
US4671477A (en) | 1986-06-12 | 1987-06-09 | Cullen Thomas J | Device for handling a workpiece such as a container for chemotherapy drugs or the like |
JPS6349125A (en) | 1986-08-16 | 1988-03-01 | 奥津 一郎 | Guide pipe for endoscope |
US4796627A (en) | 1986-08-26 | 1989-01-10 | Tucker Wilson H | Clip applicator and spreadable clips for use therein |
US4791707A (en) | 1986-08-26 | 1988-12-20 | Tucker Wilson H | Clip applicator, spreadable clips and method for applying the clips |
US4790624A (en) | 1986-10-31 | 1988-12-13 | Identechs Corporation | Method and apparatus for spatially orienting movable members using shape memory effect alloy actuator |
US4753223A (en) | 1986-11-07 | 1988-06-28 | Bremer Paul W | System for controlling shape and direction of a catheter, cannula, electrode, endoscope or similar article |
DE3743920A1 (en) | 1986-12-26 | 1988-07-14 | Olympus Optical Co | ENDOSCOPE DEVICE |
US4733662A (en) | 1987-01-20 | 1988-03-29 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Tissue gripping and cutting assembly for surgical instrument |
DE3889681T2 (en) | 1987-02-09 | 1994-09-08 | Sumitomo Electric Industries | Device for bending an elongated body. |
US4979950A (en) | 1987-04-08 | 1990-12-25 | Ethicon, Inc. | Surgical hemostatic clips |
GB8708481D0 (en) | 1987-04-09 | 1987-05-13 | Wickham J E A | Tissue disintegrator |
US4846573A (en) | 1987-04-10 | 1989-07-11 | Identechs Corporation | Shape memory effect alloy pull wire articulator for borescopes |
US4807593A (en) | 1987-05-08 | 1989-02-28 | Olympus Optical Co. Ltd. | Endoscope guide tube |
US5065516A (en) | 1987-05-11 | 1991-11-19 | Andrew Tool Company | Disassemblable scissors means |
US4898156A (en) | 1987-05-18 | 1990-02-06 | Mitek Surgical Products, Inc. | Suture anchor |
JPS63309252A (en) | 1987-06-12 | 1988-12-16 | Meidensha Electric Mfg Co Ltd | Hydrated polymer gel actuator |
US4829999A (en) | 1987-07-17 | 1989-05-16 | E. R. Squibb And Sons, Inc. | Side mount guidewire gripping device |
US4950273A (en) | 1987-10-26 | 1990-08-21 | Briggs Jeffrey M | Cable action instrument |
US4815450A (en) | 1988-02-01 | 1989-03-28 | Patel Jayendra I | Endoscope having variable flexibility |
US4926860A (en) | 1988-02-05 | 1990-05-22 | Flexmedics Corporation | ARthroscopic instrumentation and method |
JPH01244732A (en) | 1988-03-28 | 1989-09-29 | Asahi Optical Co Ltd | Endoscope with sheath |
US5052372A (en) | 1988-04-05 | 1991-10-01 | Shapiro Jerome J | Vaginal speculum having a unique single control |
US4979496A (en) | 1988-04-05 | 1990-12-25 | Fuji Photo Optical Co., Ltd. | Endoscope for bile duct and pancreatic duct |
US4869459A (en) | 1988-04-20 | 1989-09-26 | Bourne Douglas A | Valve operators |
US4869238A (en) | 1988-04-22 | 1989-09-26 | Opielab, Inc. | Endoscope for use with a disposable sheath |
US4880015A (en) | 1988-06-03 | 1989-11-14 | Nierman David M | Biopsy forceps |
US6120437A (en) | 1988-07-22 | 2000-09-19 | Inbae Yoon | Methods for creating spaces at obstructed sites endoscopically and methods therefor |
US5843156A (en) | 1988-08-24 | 1998-12-01 | Endoluminal Therapeutics, Inc. | Local polymeric gel cellular therapy |
US4990152A (en) | 1988-10-12 | 1991-02-05 | Inbae Yoon | Applicator device housing multiple elastic ligatures in series and for dilating and applying elastic ligatures onto anatomical tissue |
US4984581A (en) * | 1988-10-12 | 1991-01-15 | Flexmedics Corporation | Flexible guide having two-way shape memory alloy |
US4960133A (en) | 1988-11-21 | 1990-10-02 | Brunswick Manufacturing Co., Inc. | Esophageal electrode |
US5222362A (en) | 1989-01-10 | 1993-06-29 | Maus Daryl D | Heat-activated drug delivery system and thermal actuators therefor |
US4911148A (en) | 1989-03-14 | 1990-03-27 | Intramed Laboratories, Inc. | Deflectable-end endoscope with detachable flexible shaft assembly |
US5245460A (en) | 1989-03-30 | 1993-09-14 | Photonics Corporation | Infrared network entry permission method and apparatus |
JPH0640874B2 (en) | 1989-04-07 | 1994-06-01 | ザ ユニバーシティー オブ メルボルン | Improvement of surgical instruments |
JPH0651018B2 (en) | 1989-05-02 | 1994-07-06 | 株式会社東芝 | Endoscope |
US5033169A (en) | 1989-05-22 | 1991-07-23 | Straight Line Water Sports, Inc. | Rope fastener |
US5098378A (en) | 1989-06-02 | 1992-03-24 | Abbott Laboratories | Method of jejunal feeding |
US4991565A (en) | 1989-06-26 | 1991-02-12 | Asahi Kogaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Sheath device for endoscope and fluid conduit connecting structure therefor |
DE3923851C1 (en) | 1989-07-19 | 1990-08-16 | Richard Wolf Gmbh, 7134 Knittlingen, De | |
US5301061A (en) | 1989-07-27 | 1994-04-05 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Endoscope system |
US4994079A (en) | 1989-07-28 | 1991-02-19 | C. R. Bard, Inc. | Grasping forceps |
US6004330A (en) | 1989-08-16 | 1999-12-21 | Medtronic, Inc. | Device or apparatus for manipulating matter |
JPH03128028A (en) * | 1989-10-13 | 1991-05-31 | Machida Seisakusho:Kk | Angle for curving operation device |
EP0422887B1 (en) | 1989-10-13 | 1996-12-11 | Kabushiki Kaisha Machida Seisakusho | Bending device |
US5174283A (en) | 1989-11-08 | 1992-12-29 | Parker Jeffrey D | Blind orolaryngeal and oroesophageal guiding and aiming device |
US4950285A (en) | 1989-11-27 | 1990-08-21 | Wilk Peter J | Suture device |
US5123913A (en) | 1989-11-27 | 1992-06-23 | Wilk Peter J | Suture device |
US5665100A (en) | 1989-12-05 | 1997-09-09 | Yoon; Inbae | Multifunctional instrument with interchangeable operating units for performing endoscopic procedures |
US5984939A (en) | 1989-12-05 | 1999-11-16 | Yoon; Inbae | Multifunctional grasping instrument with cutting member and operating channel for use in endoscopic and non-endoscopic procedures |
US5984938A (en) | 1989-12-05 | 1999-11-16 | Yoon; Inbae | Surgical instrument with jaws and movable internal scissors and method for use thereof |
US5797939A (en) | 1989-12-05 | 1998-08-25 | Yoon; Inbae | Endoscopic scissors with longitudinal operating channel |
US5217473A (en) | 1989-12-05 | 1993-06-08 | Inbae Yoon | Multi-functional instruments and stretchable ligating and occluding devices |
US5026379A (en) | 1989-12-05 | 1991-06-25 | Inbae Yoon | Multi-functional instruments and stretchable ligating and occluding devices |
US5356381A (en) | 1990-03-01 | 1994-10-18 | Ensminger William D | Implantable access devices |
US6277136B1 (en) | 1990-03-02 | 2001-08-21 | General Surgical Innovations, Inc. | Method for developing an anatomic space |
US5345927A (en) | 1990-03-02 | 1994-09-13 | Bonutti Peter M | Arthroscopic retractors |
US5007917A (en) | 1990-03-08 | 1991-04-16 | Stryker Corporation | Single blade cutter for arthroscopic surgery |
US5976131A (en) | 1990-03-13 | 1999-11-02 | The Regents Of The University At California | Detachable endovascular occlusion device activated by alternating electric current |
US5025778A (en) | 1990-03-26 | 1991-06-25 | Opielab, Inc. | Endoscope with potential channels and method of using the same |
US5439478A (en) | 1990-05-10 | 1995-08-08 | Symbiosis Corporation | Steerable flexible microsurgical instrument with rotatable clevis |
US5331971A (en) | 1990-05-10 | 1994-07-26 | Symbiosis Corporation | Endoscopic surgical instruments |
US5482054A (en) * | 1990-05-10 | 1996-01-09 | Symbiosis Corporation | Edoscopic biopsy forceps devices with selective bipolar cautery |
US5395386A (en) | 1990-05-10 | 1995-03-07 | Symbiosis Corporation | Endoscopic pericardial scissors |
US5234453A (en) | 1990-05-10 | 1993-08-10 | Symblosis Corporation | Cobalt base alloy end effectors for laparoscopic surgical scissors |
US5203785A (en) | 1990-05-10 | 1993-04-20 | Symbrosis Corporation | Laparoscopic hook scissors |
US5037433A (en) | 1990-05-17 | 1991-08-06 | Wilk Peter J | Endoscopic suturing device and related method and suture |
US5219357A (en) | 1990-05-31 | 1993-06-15 | Tnco, Inc. | Micro-instrument |
JPH0438960A (en) | 1990-06-04 | 1992-02-10 | Yoichi Tatara | Artificial blood vessel of polyvinyl alcohol and polyacrylic acid |
US5269785A (en) | 1990-06-28 | 1993-12-14 | Bonutti Peter M | Apparatus and method for tissue removal |
US5041129A (en) | 1990-07-02 | 1991-08-20 | Acufex Microsurgical, Inc. | Slotted suture anchor and method of anchoring a suture |
US5224946A (en) | 1990-07-02 | 1993-07-06 | American Cyanamid Company | Bone anchor and method of anchoring a suture to a bone |
US5843017A (en) | 1990-07-24 | 1998-12-01 | Yoon; Inbae | Multifunctional tissue dissecting instrument |
US5201752A (en) | 1990-09-27 | 1993-04-13 | Pod, Inc. | Cholecystectomy dissector instrument |
US5108421A (en) | 1990-10-01 | 1992-04-28 | Quinton Instrument Company | Insertion assembly and method of inserting a vessel plug into the body of a patient |
US5192300A (en) | 1990-10-01 | 1993-03-09 | Quinton Instrument Company | Insertion assembly and method of inserting a vessel plug into the body of a patient |
CA2050868C (en) | 1990-10-05 | 2002-01-01 | Ernie Aranyi | Endoscopic surgical instrument |
US5478347A (en) | 1990-10-05 | 1995-12-26 | United States Surgical Corporation | Endoscopic surgical instrument having curved blades |
US5685820A (en) | 1990-11-06 | 1997-11-11 | Partomed Medizintechnik Gmbh | Instrument for the penetration of body tissue |
US5203787A (en) | 1990-11-19 | 1993-04-20 | Biomet, Inc. | Suture retaining arrangement |
US5209747A (en) | 1990-12-13 | 1993-05-11 | Knoepfler Dennis J | Adjustable angle medical forceps |
US5431635A (en) | 1990-12-18 | 1995-07-11 | Yoon; Inbae | Safety penetrating instrument having a triggered safety member for establishing an endoscopic portal in an anatomical cavity wall |
US5324261A (en) | 1991-01-04 | 1994-06-28 | Medtronic, Inc. | Drug delivery balloon catheter with line of weakness |
US5312416A (en) | 1991-10-18 | 1994-05-17 | Endomedix Corporation | Method and system for enclosing, manipulating, debulking and removing tissue through minimal access incisions |
DE4101472C2 (en) * | 1991-01-19 | 1995-07-13 | Winter & Ibe Olympus | Endoscope for transurethral resection |
US5370647A (en) | 1991-01-23 | 1994-12-06 | Surgical Innovations, Inc. | Tissue and organ extractor |
JP3041099B2 (en) | 1991-02-01 | 2000-05-15 | オリンパス光学工業株式会社 | Electronic endoscope device |
JPH06505654A (en) | 1991-02-06 | 1994-06-30 | ラパロームド コーポレイション | electrosurgical device |
US5156151A (en) | 1991-02-15 | 1992-10-20 | Cardiac Pathways Corporation | Endocardial mapping and ablation system and catheter probe |
US5217453A (en) | 1991-03-18 | 1993-06-08 | Wilk Peter J | Automated surgical system and apparatus |
US5217003A (en) | 1991-03-18 | 1993-06-08 | Wilk Peter J | Automated surgical system and apparatus |
US5392789A (en) * | 1991-04-04 | 1995-02-28 | Symbiosis Corporation | Endoscopic scissors having scissor elements loosely engaged with a clevis |
US5174300A (en) | 1991-04-04 | 1992-12-29 | Symbiosis Corporation | Endoscopic surgical instruments having rotatable end effectors |
US5320636A (en) | 1991-04-04 | 1994-06-14 | Symbiosis Corporation | Endoscopic scissors instrument with cammed surface end effectors |
US5383877A (en) * | 1991-05-01 | 1995-01-24 | Clarke; Henry C. | Instruments and method for suturing and ligation |
US5330496A (en) | 1991-05-06 | 1994-07-19 | Alferness Clifton A | Vascular catheter assembly for tissue penetration and for cardiac stimulation and methods thereof |
JP3007713B2 (en) | 1991-06-06 | 2000-02-07 | オリンパス光学工業株式会社 | Endoscope protection tube |
AU666310B2 (en) | 1991-06-06 | 1996-02-08 | Meditech International Pty Ltd. | Speculum |
US5324289A (en) | 1991-06-07 | 1994-06-28 | Hemostatic Surgery Corporation | Hemostatic bi-polar electrosurgical cutting apparatus and methods of use |
US5201908A (en) | 1991-06-10 | 1993-04-13 | Endomedical Technologies, Inc. | Sheath for protecting endoscope from contamination |
US5503616A (en) | 1991-06-10 | 1996-04-02 | Endomedical Technologies, Inc. | Collapsible access channel system |
US5386817A (en) * | 1991-06-10 | 1995-02-07 | Endomedical Technologies, Inc. | Endoscope sheath and valve system |
US5688269A (en) | 1991-07-10 | 1997-11-18 | Electroscope, Inc. | Electrosurgical apparatus for laparoscopic and like procedures |
EP0526115B1 (en) | 1991-07-29 | 1997-04-02 | Smith & Nephew Richards Inc | Forceps |
DE4220701C2 (en) | 1991-08-02 | 2001-02-08 | Olympus Optical Co | Endoscope cleaning device |
US5383888A (en) | 1992-02-12 | 1995-01-24 | United States Surgical Corporation | Articulating endoscopic surgical apparatus |
US5219358A (en) | 1991-08-29 | 1993-06-15 | Ethicon, Inc. | Shape memory effect surgical needles |
US5741429A (en) | 1991-09-05 | 1998-04-21 | Cardia Catheter Company | Flexible tubular device for use in medical applications |
US5222965A (en) | 1991-09-06 | 1993-06-29 | Donald Haughton | Teat knife |
US5275607A (en) * | 1991-09-23 | 1994-01-04 | Visionary Medical, Inc. | Intraocular surgical scissors |
CA2075241A1 (en) | 1991-10-03 | 1993-04-04 | Stephen W. Gerry | Handle for manipulating a laparoscopic tool |
US5273524A (en) | 1991-10-09 | 1993-12-28 | Ethicon, Inc. | Electrosurgical device |
US5312023A (en) | 1991-10-18 | 1994-05-17 | United States Surgical Corporation | Self contained gas powered surgical apparatus |
US6569120B1 (en) | 1991-10-18 | 2003-05-27 | United States Surgical Corporation | Seal assembly |
CA2380683C (en) | 1991-10-28 | 2006-08-08 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Expandable stents and method for making same |
US5374273A (en) | 1992-10-05 | 1994-12-20 | Nakao; Naomi L. | Method for retrieval of retained common bile duct stones |
US5190050A (en) | 1991-11-08 | 1993-03-02 | Electro-Catheter Corporation | Tip deflectable steerable catheter |
US5242456A (en) | 1991-11-21 | 1993-09-07 | Kensey Nash Corporation | Apparatus and methods for clamping tissue and reflecting the same |
US5524633A (en) | 1991-11-25 | 1996-06-11 | Advanced Surgical, Inc. | Self-deploying isolation bag |
US5308327A (en) | 1991-11-25 | 1994-05-03 | Advanced Surgical Inc. | Self-deployed inflatable retractor |
US5336192A (en) | 1991-11-27 | 1994-08-09 | Palestrant Aubrey M | Self-sealing valve device for angiographic catheters |
US5391174A (en) * | 1991-11-29 | 1995-02-21 | Weston; Peter V. | Endoscopic needle holders |
US5197963A (en) * | 1991-12-02 | 1993-03-30 | Everest Medical Corporation | Electrosurgical instrument with extendable sheath for irrigation and aspiration |
US5235964A (en) | 1991-12-05 | 1993-08-17 | Analogic Corporation | Flexible probe apparatus |
US5147374A (en) | 1991-12-05 | 1992-09-15 | Alfredo Fernandez | Prosthetic mesh patch for hernia repair |
US5290299A (en) | 1991-12-11 | 1994-03-01 | Ventritex, Inc. | Double jaw apparatus for attaching implanted materials to body tissue |
US5234437A (en) | 1991-12-12 | 1993-08-10 | Target Therapeutics, Inc. | Detachable pusher-vasoocclusion coil assembly with threaded coupling |
US5190555A (en) | 1991-12-13 | 1993-03-02 | Unisurge, Inc. | Device for collection and removal of body parts during laparoscopic surgery |
US5614943A (en) | 1991-12-19 | 1997-03-25 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Dissimilar endoscopes usable with a common control unit |
US5643283A (en) | 1992-01-03 | 1997-07-01 | Younker; Marlin E. | Surgical pouch |
US6183469B1 (en) | 1997-08-27 | 2001-02-06 | Arthrocare Corporation | Electrosurgical systems and methods for the removal of pacemaker leads |
US5192284A (en) | 1992-01-10 | 1993-03-09 | Pleatman Mark A | Surgical collector and extractor |
US5433721A (en) | 1992-01-17 | 1995-07-18 | Ethicon, Inc. | Endoscopic instrument having a torsionally stiff drive shaft for applying fasteners to tissue |
JP3583777B2 (en) | 1992-01-21 | 2004-11-04 | エス・アール・アイ・インターナシヨナル | Teleoperator system and telepresence method |
GB9201214D0 (en) | 1992-01-21 | 1992-03-11 | Mcmahon Michael J | Surgical retractors |
US5284128A (en) * | 1992-01-24 | 1994-02-08 | Applied Medical Resources Corporation | Surgical manipulator |
US5348259A (en) | 1992-02-10 | 1994-09-20 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Flexible, articulable column |
US5514157A (en) | 1992-02-12 | 1996-05-07 | United States Surgical Corporation | Articulating endoscopic surgical apparatus |
US5275614A (en) | 1992-02-21 | 1994-01-04 | Habley Medical Technology Corporation | Axially extendable endoscopic surgical instrument |
US5555883A (en) | 1992-02-24 | 1996-09-17 | Avitall; Boaz | Loop electrode array mapping and ablation catheter for cardiac chambers |
US5297687A (en) | 1992-03-12 | 1994-03-29 | Freed Anna B | Virtual hinge |
US5352184A (en) | 1992-03-12 | 1994-10-04 | Uresil Corporation | Reservoir for enclosing and retrieving body specimens |
US5246424A (en) | 1992-03-13 | 1993-09-21 | Wilk Peter J | Device and method for use in obtaining access to an internal body organ |
US5312333A (en) | 1992-04-03 | 1994-05-17 | United States Surgical Corporation | Endoscopic material delivery device |
US5263958A (en) | 1992-04-08 | 1993-11-23 | Microline Inc. | Microsurgical instrument |
US5470320A (en) | 1992-04-10 | 1995-11-28 | Tiefenbrun; Jonathan | Method and related device for obtaining access to a hollow organ |
US5499997A (en) | 1992-04-10 | 1996-03-19 | Sharpe Endosurgical Corporation | Endoscopic tenaculum surgical instrument |
US5254130A (en) | 1992-04-13 | 1993-10-19 | Raychem Corporation | Surgical device |
US5318589A (en) | 1992-04-15 | 1994-06-07 | Microsurge, Inc. | Surgical instrument for endoscopic surgery |
EP0680282A1 (en) | 1992-04-16 | 1995-11-08 | MICHALOS, Peter | Surgical cutting instrument |
US5522829A (en) | 1992-04-16 | 1996-06-04 | Arthur D. Little Enterprises, Inc. | Surgical cutting instrument |
US5403328A (en) | 1992-04-22 | 1995-04-04 | United States Surgical Corporation | Surgical apparatus and method for suturing body tissue |
US5417203A (en) | 1992-04-23 | 1995-05-23 | United States Surgical Corporation | Articulating endoscopic surgical apparatus |
US5443463A (en) | 1992-05-01 | 1995-08-22 | Vesta Medical, Inc. | Coagulating forceps |
US5484451A (en) * | 1992-05-08 | 1996-01-16 | Ethicon, Inc. | Endoscopic surgical instrument and staples for applying purse string sutures |
US5536248A (en) | 1992-05-11 | 1996-07-16 | Arrow Precision Products, Inc. | Method and apparatus for electrosurgically obtaining access to the biliary tree and placing a stent therein |
US5389098A (en) | 1992-05-19 | 1995-02-14 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Surgical device for stapling and/or fastening body tissues |
US5766246A (en) | 1992-05-20 | 1998-06-16 | C. R. Bard, Inc. | Implantable prosthesis and method and apparatus for loading and delivering an implantable prothesis |
DE4217202C2 (en) | 1992-05-23 | 1994-06-23 | Kernforschungsz Karlsruhe | Surgical sewing instrument |
US6540764B1 (en) | 1992-06-02 | 2003-04-01 | General Surgical Innovations, Inc. | Apparatus and method for dissecting tissue layers |
US5540711A (en) | 1992-06-02 | 1996-07-30 | General Surgical Innovations, Inc. | Apparatus and method for developing an anatomic space for laparoscopic procedures with laparoscopic visualization |
US5257999A (en) | 1992-06-04 | 1993-11-02 | Slanetz Jr Charles A | Self-oriented laparoscopic needle holder for curved needles |
US5906625A (en) | 1992-06-04 | 1999-05-25 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Tissue-fixing surgical instrument, tissue-fixing device, and method of fixing tissue |
US5325845A (en) | 1992-06-08 | 1994-07-05 | Adair Edwin Lloyd | Steerable sheath for use with selected removable optical catheter |
US5478351A (en) | 1992-06-24 | 1995-12-26 | Microsurge, Inc. | Endoscopic surgical tool with handle and detachable tool assembly |
JP3518603B2 (en) | 1992-06-24 | 2004-04-12 | マイクロサージ・インコーポレーテツド | Surgical tool assembly and surgical instrument |
US5482029A (en) | 1992-06-26 | 1996-01-09 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Variable flexibility endoscope system |
CA2098896C (en) | 1992-06-30 | 2005-03-29 | H. Jonathan Tovey | Specimen retrieval pouch and method for use |
US5368606A (en) | 1992-07-02 | 1994-11-29 | Marlow Surgical Technologies, Inc. | Endoscopic instrument system |
US5366466A (en) | 1992-07-09 | 1994-11-22 | Unisurge, Inc. | Surgical scissors |
US5284162A (en) * | 1992-07-14 | 1994-02-08 | Wilk Peter J | Method of treating the colon |
WO1994002077A2 (en) | 1992-07-15 | 1994-02-03 | Angelase, Inc. | Ablation catheter system |
US5366467A (en) | 1992-07-15 | 1994-11-22 | Linvatec Corporation | Endoscopic scissors |
DE4235023A1 (en) | 1992-07-22 | 1994-01-27 | Friedrichsfeld Ag | Gripping and / or cutting instrument for endoscopic purposes |
US5360428A (en) | 1992-07-22 | 1994-11-01 | Hutchinson Jr William B | Laparoscopic instrument with electrical cutting wires |
US5330486A (en) | 1992-07-29 | 1994-07-19 | Wilk Peter J | Laparoscopic or endoscopic anastomosis technique and associated instruments |
US5511564A (en) | 1992-07-29 | 1996-04-30 | Valleylab Inc. | Laparoscopic stretching instrument and associated method |
US5470308A (en) | 1992-08-12 | 1995-11-28 | Vidamed, Inc. | Medical probe with biopsy stylet |
US5540648A (en) | 1992-08-17 | 1996-07-30 | Yoon; Inbae | Medical instrument stabilizer with anchoring system and methods |
US5458131A (en) | 1992-08-25 | 1995-10-17 | Wilk; Peter J. | Method for use in intra-abdominal surgery |
US5297536A (en) | 1992-08-25 | 1994-03-29 | Wilk Peter J | Method for use in intra-abdominal surgery |
CA2143639C (en) * | 1992-09-01 | 2004-07-20 | Edwin L. Adair | Sterilizable endoscope with separable disposable tube assembly |
US5704892A (en) | 1992-09-01 | 1998-01-06 | Adair; Edwin L. | Endoscope with reusable core and disposable sheath with passageways |
US5630782A (en) | 1992-09-01 | 1997-05-20 | Adair; Edwin L. | Sterilizable endoscope with separable auxiliary assembly |
US5447533A (en) | 1992-09-03 | 1995-09-05 | Pacesetter, Inc. | Implantable stimulation lead having an advanceable therapeutic drug delivery system |
US6010515A (en) | 1993-09-03 | 2000-01-04 | University College London | Device for use in tying knots |
US5364408A (en) | 1992-09-04 | 1994-11-15 | Laurus Medical Corporation | Endoscopic suture system |
US5342373A (en) | 1992-09-14 | 1994-08-30 | Ethicon, Inc. | Sterile clips and instrument for their placement |
CA2106128A1 (en) | 1992-09-23 | 1994-03-24 | Ernie Aranyi | Endoscopic surgical instrument |
US5312423A (en) | 1992-10-01 | 1994-05-17 | Advanced Surgical Intervention, Inc. | Apparatus and method for laparaoscopic ligation |
US5626587A (en) | 1992-10-09 | 1997-05-06 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Method for operating a surgical instrument |
US5330502A (en) | 1992-10-09 | 1994-07-19 | Ethicon, Inc. | Rotational endoscopic mechanism with jointed drive mechanism |
US5334198A (en) | 1992-10-09 | 1994-08-02 | Innovasive Devices, Inc. | Surgical instrument |
US5374277A (en) | 1992-10-09 | 1994-12-20 | Ethicon, Inc. | Surgical instrument |
US5431696A (en) | 1992-10-13 | 1995-07-11 | Atlee, Iii; John L. | Esophageal probe for transeophageal cardiac stimulation |
US5350391A (en) | 1992-10-19 | 1994-09-27 | Benedetto Iacovelli | Laparoscopic instruments |
US5387259A (en) | 1992-10-20 | 1995-02-07 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Optical transdermal linking method for transmitting power and a first data stream while receiving a second data stream |
US5259366A (en) | 1992-11-03 | 1993-11-09 | Boris Reydel | Method of using a catheter-sleeve assembly for an endoscope |
US5354302A (en) | 1992-11-06 | 1994-10-11 | Ko Sung Tao | Medical device and method for facilitating intra-tissue visual observation and manipulation of distensible tissues |
US5376077A (en) | 1992-12-04 | 1994-12-27 | Interventional Technologies, Inc. | Introducer sheath with seal protector |
US20020095164A1 (en) | 1997-06-26 | 2002-07-18 | Andreas Bernard H. | Device and method for suturing tissue |
US5417699A (en) | 1992-12-10 | 1995-05-23 | Perclose Incorporated | Device and method for the percutaneous suturing of a vascular puncture site |
US5460168A (en) | 1992-12-25 | 1995-10-24 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Endoscope cover assembly and cover-system endoscope |
US5653690A (en) | 1992-12-30 | 1997-08-05 | Medtronic, Inc. | Catheter having a balloon with retention enhancement |
ES2160118T3 (en) | 1993-01-07 | 2001-11-01 | Medical Innovations Corp | CATETER SYSTEM FOR GASTROSTOMY. |
US5287852A (en) | 1993-01-13 | 1994-02-22 | Direct Trends International Ltd. | Apparatus and method for maintaining a tracheal stoma |
EP0613661B1 (en) | 1993-01-29 | 1998-04-15 | Smith & Nephew, Inc. | Rotatable curved instrument |
US5312351A (en) | 1993-01-29 | 1994-05-17 | Gerrone Carmen J | Combined pneumo-needle and trocar apparatus |
US6338730B1 (en) | 1993-02-04 | 2002-01-15 | Peter M. Bonutti | Method of using expandable cannula |
US5797960A (en) | 1993-02-22 | 1998-08-25 | Stevens; John H. | Method and apparatus for thoracoscopic intracardiac procedures |
US5643294A (en) | 1993-03-01 | 1997-07-01 | United States Surgical Corporation | Surgical apparatus having an increased range of operability |
US5342396A (en) | 1993-03-02 | 1994-08-30 | Cook Melvin S | Staples |
US5814058A (en) | 1993-03-05 | 1998-09-29 | Innerdyne, Inc. | Method and apparatus employing conformable sleeve for providing percutaneous access |
US5344428A (en) | 1993-03-05 | 1994-09-06 | Auburn International, Inc. | Miniature surgical instrument |
US5431676A (en) | 1993-03-05 | 1995-07-11 | Innerdyne Medical, Inc. | Trocar system having expandable port |
US5445638B1 (en) | 1993-03-08 | 1998-05-05 | Everest Medical Corp | Bipolar coagulation and cutting forceps |
US5368605A (en) | 1993-03-09 | 1994-11-29 | Miller, Jr.; Herman A. | Laparoscopic surgical instrument |
US5657755A (en) | 1993-03-11 | 1997-08-19 | Desai; Jawahar M. | Apparatus and method for cardiac ablation |
US5330488A (en) | 1993-03-23 | 1994-07-19 | Goldrath Milton H | Verres needle suturing kit |
US5374275A (en) | 1993-03-25 | 1994-12-20 | Synvasive Technology, Inc. | Surgical suturing device and method of use |
US5341815A (en) | 1993-03-25 | 1994-08-30 | Ethicon, Inc. | Endoscopic surgical pouch |
US5403311A (en) | 1993-03-29 | 1995-04-04 | Boston Scientific Corporation | Electro-coagulation and ablation and other electrotherapeutic treatments of body tissue |
US5336222A (en) * | 1993-03-29 | 1994-08-09 | Boston Scientific Corporation | Integrated catheter for diverse in situ tissue therapy |
US5496347A (en) | 1993-03-30 | 1996-03-05 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Surgical instrument |
US5468250A (en) | 1993-04-01 | 1995-11-21 | Ethicon, Inc. | Endoscopic mechanism with friction maintaining handle |
US5613975A (en) | 1993-04-28 | 1997-03-25 | Christy; William J. | Endoscopic suturing device and method |
US5295977A (en) | 1993-05-11 | 1994-03-22 | Symbiosis Corporation | Trocar catheter for drainage |
US5403348A (en) | 1993-05-14 | 1995-04-04 | Bonutti; Peter M. | Suture anchor |
US5456667A (en) | 1993-05-20 | 1995-10-10 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Temporary stenting catheter with one-piece expandable segment |
US5364410A (en) | 1993-05-28 | 1994-11-15 | Ethicon, Inc. | Percutaneous suture externalizer |
US5334168A (en) | 1993-06-11 | 1994-08-02 | Catheter Research, Inc. | Variable shape guide apparatus |
US5480404A (en) | 1993-06-16 | 1996-01-02 | Ethicon, Inc. | Surgical tissue retrieval instrument |
DE69432148T2 (en) | 1993-07-01 | 2003-10-16 | Boston Scient Ltd | CATHETER FOR IMAGE DISPLAY, DISPLAY OF ELECTRICAL SIGNALS AND ABLATION |
US5447148A (en) | 1993-07-08 | 1995-09-05 | Vision Sciences, Inc. | Endoscopic contamination protection system to facilitate cleaning of endoscopes |
US5569243A (en) | 1993-07-13 | 1996-10-29 | Symbiosis Corporation | Double acting endoscopic scissors with bipolar cautery capability |
US5527321A (en) | 1993-07-14 | 1996-06-18 | United States Surgical Corporation | Instrument for closing trocar puncture wounds |
DE4323585A1 (en) | 1993-07-14 | 1995-01-19 | Delma Elektro Med App | Bipolar high-frequency surgical instrument |
US5356408A (en) | 1993-07-16 | 1994-10-18 | Everest Medical Corporation | Bipolar electrosurgical scissors having nonlinear blades |
US5827323A (en) | 1993-07-21 | 1998-10-27 | Charles H. Klieman | Surgical instrument for endoscopic and general surgery |
US5792165A (en) | 1993-07-21 | 1998-08-11 | Charles H. Klieman | Endoscopic instrument with detachable end effector |
US5582617A (en) | 1993-07-21 | 1996-12-10 | Charles H. Klieman | Surgical instrument for endoscopic and general surgery |
WO1995003001A1 (en) | 1993-07-21 | 1995-02-02 | Klieman Charles H | Surgical instrument for endoscopic and general surgery |
US5441494A (en) | 1993-07-29 | 1995-08-15 | Ethicon, Inc. | Manipulable hand for laparoscopy |
US5507755A (en) | 1993-08-03 | 1996-04-16 | Origin Medsystems, Inc. | Apparatus and method for closing puncture wounds |
US5462561A (en) | 1993-08-05 | 1995-10-31 | Voda; Jan K. | Suture device |
US5469863A (en) | 1993-08-11 | 1995-11-28 | Polygenex International, Inc. | Polyurethane condom of welded polyurethane film |
AU7559394A (en) | 1993-08-18 | 1995-03-14 | Vista Medical Technologies | Optical surgical device |
US5827299A (en) | 1993-08-25 | 1998-10-27 | Inlet Medical, Inc | Insertable suture passing grasping probe and methodology for using same |
US5807395A (en) | 1993-08-27 | 1998-09-15 | Medtronic, Inc. | Method and apparatus for RF ablation and hyperthermia |
US5397332A (en) | 1993-09-02 | 1995-03-14 | Ethicon, Inc. | Surgical mesh applicator |
US5902238A (en) | 1993-09-14 | 1999-05-11 | University Of Washington | Medical tube and apparatus for locating the same in the body of a patient |
US5607386A (en) | 1993-09-21 | 1997-03-04 | Flam; Gary H. | Malleable fiberoptic intubating stylet and method |
US5433735A (en) | 1993-09-27 | 1995-07-18 | Zanakis; Michael F. | Electrical stimulation technique for tissue regeneration |
US5496333A (en) | 1993-10-20 | 1996-03-05 | Applied Medical Resources Corporation | Laparoscopic surgical clamp |
US5690660A (en) | 1993-10-27 | 1997-11-25 | Stryker Corporation | Arthroscopic cutter having curved rotatable drive |
US5405359A (en) | 1994-04-29 | 1995-04-11 | Pierce; Javi | Toggle wedge |
US5472441A (en) | 1993-11-08 | 1995-12-05 | Zomed International | Device for treating cancer and non-malignant tumors and methods |
US6569159B1 (en) | 1993-11-08 | 2003-05-27 | Rita Medical Systems, Inc. | Cell necrosis apparatus |
US5405073A (en) | 1993-12-06 | 1995-04-11 | Ethicon, Inc. | Flexible support shaft assembly |
US6530922B2 (en) * | 1993-12-15 | 2003-03-11 | Sherwood Services Ag | Cluster ablation electrode system |
US5743456A (en) | 1993-12-16 | 1998-04-28 | Stryker Corporation | Hand actuable surgical handpiece |
CA2138076A1 (en) | 1993-12-17 | 1995-06-18 | Philip E. Eggers | Monopolar electrosurgical instruments |
US5439471A (en) | 1994-01-05 | 1995-08-08 | Kerr; Harry D. | Combined surgical needle holder and scissors |
DZ1761A1 (en) * | 1994-01-13 | 2002-02-17 | Haack Karl Warner An | A device for closing wounds. |
IL108352A (en) * | 1994-01-17 | 2000-02-29 | Given Imaging Ltd | In vivo video camera system |
US5423821A (en) | 1994-01-18 | 1995-06-13 | Pasque; Michael K. | Sternal closure device |
DE4401237C2 (en) | 1994-01-18 | 1997-06-05 | Ruesch Willy Ag | Trocar device |
US5501692A (en) | 1994-01-28 | 1996-03-26 | Riza; Erol D. | Laparoscopic suture snare |
US5538509A (en) | 1994-01-31 | 1996-07-23 | Richard-Allan Medical Industries, Inc. | Trocar assembly |
US5638827A (en) | 1994-02-01 | 1997-06-17 | Symbiosis Corporation | Super-elastic flexible jaws assembly for an endoscopic multiple sample bioptome |
US5441059A (en) | 1994-02-02 | 1995-08-15 | Dannan; Patrick A. | Method of minimally invasive surgery |
US5645083A (en) | 1994-02-10 | 1997-07-08 | Essig; Mitchell N. | Peritoneal surgical method |
CH687060A5 (en) | 1994-02-11 | 1996-09-13 | Alice Walder Utz Dr | Piece surgical clip. |
US5501698A (en) | 1994-02-14 | 1996-03-26 | Heartport, Inc. | Endoscopic microsurgical instruments and methods |
US5441498A (en) | 1994-02-16 | 1995-08-15 | Envision Surgical Systems, Inc. | Method of using a multimodality probe with extendable bipolar electrodes |
US5401248A (en) | 1994-02-22 | 1995-03-28 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery | Seal for trocar assembly |
CA2143560C (en) * | 1994-03-02 | 2007-01-16 | Mark Fogelberg | Sterile occlusion fasteners and instrument and method for their placement |
US5681330A (en) | 1994-03-02 | 1997-10-28 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Sterile occlusion fasteners and instrument and method for their placement |
US5833700A (en) | 1995-03-15 | 1998-11-10 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Sterile occlusion fasteners and instrument and method for their placement |
US6216043B1 (en) | 1994-03-04 | 2001-04-10 | Ep Technologies, Inc. | Asymmetric multiple electrode support structures |
US5352222A (en) | 1994-03-15 | 1994-10-04 | Everest Medical Corporation | Surgical scissors with bipolar coagulation feature |
US5645519A (en) | 1994-03-18 | 1997-07-08 | Jai S. Lee | Endoscopic instrument for controlled introduction of tubular members in the body and methods therefor |
GB9405790D0 (en) | 1994-03-23 | 1994-05-11 | Univ London | Sewing device |
US5819736A (en) | 1994-03-24 | 1998-10-13 | Sightline Technologies Ltd. | Viewing method and apparatus particularly useful for viewing the interior of the large intestine |
US5590660A (en) | 1994-03-28 | 1997-01-07 | Xillix Technologies Corp. | Apparatus and method for imaging diseased tissue using integrated autofluorescence |
US5653677A (en) | 1994-04-12 | 1997-08-05 | Fuji Photo Optical Co. Ltd | Electronic endoscope apparatus with imaging unit separable therefrom |
AU681247B2 (en) | 1994-04-15 | 1997-08-21 | Smith & Nephew, Inc. | Curved surgical instrument with segmented inner member |
US5569298A (en) | 1994-05-02 | 1996-10-29 | Schnell; William J. | Resposable scissors |
US5505686A (en) | 1994-05-05 | 1996-04-09 | Imagyn Medical, Inc. | Endoscope with protruding member and method of utilizing the same |
US5807308A (en) * | 1996-02-23 | 1998-09-15 | Somnus Medical Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for treatment of air way obstructions |
GB9409625D0 (en) | 1994-05-13 | 1994-07-06 | Univ London | Surgical cutting tool |
US5507731A (en) | 1994-05-17 | 1996-04-16 | Cordis Corporation | Rapid exchange segmented catheter |
US5454827A (en) | 1994-05-24 | 1995-10-03 | Aust; Gilbert M. | Surgical instrument |
US5569183A (en) | 1994-06-01 | 1996-10-29 | Archimedes Surgical, Inc. | Method for performing surgery around a viewing space in the interior of the body |
US5824041A (en) | 1994-06-08 | 1998-10-20 | Medtronic, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for placement and repositioning of intraluminal prostheses |
WO1995035064A1 (en) | 1994-06-20 | 1995-12-28 | Slotman Gus J | Tissue spreading surgical instrument |
US6033401A (en) | 1997-03-12 | 2000-03-07 | Advanced Closure Systems, Inc. | Vascular sealing device with microwave antenna |
US6056744A (en) | 1994-06-24 | 2000-05-02 | Conway Stuart Medical, Inc. | Sphincter treatment apparatus |
JPH0829699A (en) | 1994-07-11 | 1996-02-02 | Kitagawa Ind Co Ltd | Image scope |
US5573540A (en) | 1994-07-18 | 1996-11-12 | Yoon; Inbae | Apparatus and method for suturing an opening in anatomical tissue |
DE69534011T8 (en) | 1994-07-29 | 2006-07-06 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Medical instrument for use in combination with endoscopes |
IT1274589B (en) | 1994-08-05 | 1997-07-18 | Nuovo Pignone Spa | IMPROVED SYSTEM OF GRIPPING AND TIGHTENING THE WEFT IN THE TRACTION GRIPPER OF A TEXTILE FRAME |
US5573542A (en) | 1994-08-17 | 1996-11-12 | Tahoe Surgical Instruments-Puerto Rico | Endoscopic suture placement tool |
US5584845A (en) | 1994-08-18 | 1996-12-17 | Innovasive Devices, Inc. | Surgical scissor blade and method for making the same |
JP2802244B2 (en) | 1994-08-29 | 1998-09-24 | オリンパス光学工業株式会社 | Endoscope sheath |
US5456684A (en) | 1994-09-08 | 1995-10-10 | Hutchinson Technology Incorporated | Multifunctional minimally invasive surgical instrument |
DE19501752A1 (en) | 1994-09-20 | 1996-07-25 | Stefan Koscher | Surgical instrument |
US5609601A (en) | 1994-09-23 | 1997-03-11 | United States Surgical Corporation | Endoscopic surgical apparatus with rotation lock |
US5554151A (en) | 1994-09-27 | 1996-09-10 | United States Surgical Corporation | Specimen retrieval container |
JP3614943B2 (en) * | 1994-09-29 | 2005-01-26 | オリンパス株式会社 | Endoscopic puncture needle |
US5893875A (en) | 1994-10-07 | 1999-04-13 | Tnco, Inc. | Surgical instrument with replaceable jaw assembly |
US6152920A (en) | 1997-10-10 | 2000-11-28 | Ep Technologies, Inc. | Surgical method and apparatus for positioning a diagnostic or therapeutic element within the body |
US5571090A (en) | 1994-10-07 | 1996-11-05 | United States Surgical Corporation | Vascular suturing apparatus |
US6142994A (en) | 1994-10-07 | 2000-11-07 | Ep Technologies, Inc. | Surgical method and apparatus for positioning a diagnostic a therapeutic element within the body |
US5938668A (en) | 1994-10-07 | 1999-08-17 | United States Surgical | Surgical suturing apparatus |
US5578030A (en) | 1994-11-04 | 1996-11-26 | Levin; John M. | Biopsy needle with cauterization feature |
US5549637A (en) | 1994-11-10 | 1996-08-27 | Crainich; Lawrence | Articulated medical instrument |
US5595562A (en) * | 1994-11-10 | 1997-01-21 | Research Corporation Technologies, Inc. | Magnetic enteral gastrostomy |
US5695511A (en) | 1994-11-29 | 1997-12-09 | Metamorphic Surgical Devices | Surgical instruments for minimally invasive procedures |
US7235089B1 (en) | 1994-12-07 | 2007-06-26 | Boston Scientific Corporation | Surgical apparatus and method |
US5533418A (en) | 1994-12-09 | 1996-07-09 | Kung C. Wu | Spherical robotic shoulder joint |
US5976130A (en) | 1994-12-13 | 1999-11-02 | Symbiosis Corporation | Bipolar push rod assembly for a bipolar endoscopic surgical instrument and instruments incorporating the same |
US6447511B1 (en) | 1994-12-13 | 2002-09-10 | Symbiosis Corporation | Bipolar endoscopic surgical scissor blades and instrument incorporating the same |
JPH08256295A (en) | 1994-12-21 | 1996-10-01 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | Image processing unit |
US5611803A (en) * | 1994-12-22 | 1997-03-18 | Urohealth Systems, Inc. | Tissue segmentation device |
US5653722A (en) | 1995-01-03 | 1997-08-05 | Kieturakis; Maciej J. | Anterograde/retrograde spiral dissector and method of use in vein grafting |
US5643292A (en) | 1995-01-10 | 1997-07-01 | Applied Medical Resources Corporation | Percutaneous suturing device |
JP3798838B2 (en) | 1995-01-20 | 2006-07-19 | オリンパス株式会社 | Ligation device |
CA2168404C (en) | 1995-02-01 | 2007-07-10 | Dale Schulze | Surgical instrument with expandable cutting element |
US5593420A (en) * | 1995-02-17 | 1997-01-14 | Mist, Inc. | Miniature endoscopic surgical instrument assembly and method of use |
US6391029B1 (en) | 1995-03-07 | 2002-05-21 | Enable Medical Corporation | Bipolar electrosurgical scissors |
US6464701B1 (en) | 1995-03-07 | 2002-10-15 | Enable Medical Corporation | Bipolar electrosurgical scissors |
US6179837B1 (en) * | 1995-03-07 | 2001-01-30 | Enable Medical Corporation | Bipolar electrosurgical scissors |
US5665096A (en) | 1995-03-07 | 1997-09-09 | Yoon; Inbae | Needle driving apparatus and methods of suturing tissue |
US5695505A (en) | 1995-03-09 | 1997-12-09 | Yoon; Inbae | Multifunctional spring clips and cartridges and applicators therefor |
FR2731610B1 (en) | 1995-03-16 | 1997-06-20 | Amp Dev | ANCHOR FOR INSERTION INTO A BONE CAVITY. |
DE19509116C2 (en) * | 1995-03-16 | 2000-01-05 | Deutsch Zentr Luft & Raumfahrt | Flexible structure |
US5868740A (en) * | 1995-03-24 | 1999-02-09 | Board Of Regents-Univ Of Nebraska | Method for volumetric tissue ablation |
JPH11503041A (en) | 1995-03-31 | 1999-03-23 | ボストン・サイエンティフィック・コーポレーション | Biopsy sampler |
US5626607A (en) | 1995-04-03 | 1997-05-06 | Heartport, Inc. | Clamp assembly and method of use |
DE19512559A1 (en) | 1995-04-04 | 1996-10-10 | Aesculap Ag | Scissors-shaped tool for a surgical instrument and method for its manufacture |
US5591179A (en) * | 1995-04-19 | 1997-01-07 | Applied Medical Resources Corporation | Anastomosis suturing device and method |
US5681276A (en) | 1995-04-19 | 1997-10-28 | Lundquist; Ingemar H. | Medical probe device and electrode assembly for use therewith |
US5779701A (en) | 1995-04-27 | 1998-07-14 | Symbiosis Corporation | Bipolar endoscopic surgical scissor blades and instrument incorporating the same |
US6090108A (en) | 1995-04-27 | 2000-07-18 | Symbiosis Corporation | Bipolar endoscopic surgical scissor blades and instrument incorporating the same |
US5626578A (en) | 1995-05-08 | 1997-05-06 | Tihon; Claude | RF valvulotome |
JP3633032B2 (en) | 1995-05-26 | 2005-03-30 | 佐々木 寛 | Puncture device |
ATE222076T1 (en) | 1995-06-07 | 2002-08-15 | Medtronic Inc | WOUND CLOSURE DEVICE |
US6132438A (en) | 1995-06-07 | 2000-10-17 | Ep Technologies, Inc. | Devices for installing stasis reducing means in body tissue |
US5759151A (en) | 1995-06-07 | 1998-06-02 | Carnegie Mellon University | Flexible steerable device for conducting exploratory procedures |
EP0830113A1 (en) | 1995-06-07 | 1998-03-25 | St.Jude Medical, Inc | Direct suture orifice for mechanical heart valve |
US5964740A (en) | 1996-07-09 | 1999-10-12 | Asahi Kogaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Treatment accessory for an endoscope |
US5702438A (en) | 1995-06-08 | 1997-12-30 | Avitall; Boaz | Expandable recording and ablation catheter system |
US5645565A (en) | 1995-06-13 | 1997-07-08 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical plug |
US5690656A (en) | 1995-06-27 | 1997-11-25 | Cook Incorporated | Method and apparatus for creating abdominal visceral anastomoses |
US5662621A (en) | 1995-07-06 | 1997-09-02 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Guide catheter with shape memory retention |
US5759150A (en) | 1995-07-07 | 1998-06-02 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | System for evulsing subcutaneous tissue |
US5616117A (en) | 1995-08-03 | 1997-04-01 | Ohio Medical Instrument Company, Inc. | Self locking surgical retractor |
US5562693A (en) | 1995-08-11 | 1996-10-08 | Alcon Laboratories, Inc. | Cutting blade assembly for a surgical scissors |
US5716326A (en) * | 1995-08-14 | 1998-02-10 | Dannan; Patrick A. | Method for lifting tissue and apparatus for performing same |
US6053937A (en) * | 1995-08-15 | 2000-04-25 | Rita Medical Systems, Inc. | Multiple electrode ablation apparatus and method with cooling element |
US5951547A (en) | 1995-08-15 | 1999-09-14 | Rita Medical Systems, Inc. | Multiple antenna ablation apparatus and method |
US6090105A (en) | 1995-08-15 | 2000-07-18 | Rita Medical Systems, Inc. | Multiple electrode ablation apparatus and method |
US6562052B2 (en) | 1995-08-24 | 2003-05-13 | Sutura, Inc. | Suturing device and method |
US6117144A (en) | 1995-08-24 | 2000-09-12 | Sutura, Inc. | Suturing device and method for sealing an opening in a blood vessel or other biological structure |
US6001120A (en) | 1995-09-07 | 1999-12-14 | Levin; John M. | Universal dissector |
JP3636511B2 (en) | 1995-09-11 | 2005-04-06 | 株式会社セムコ | Electrosurgical equipment |
US5797959A (en) | 1995-09-21 | 1998-08-25 | United States Surgical Corporation | Surgical apparatus with articulating jaw structure |
US5860995A (en) * | 1995-09-22 | 1999-01-19 | Misener Medical Co. Inc. | Laparoscopic endoscopic surgical instrument |
US5810715A (en) | 1995-09-29 | 1998-09-22 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Endoscope provided with function of being locked to flexibility of insertion part which is set by flexibility modifying operation member |
US5624399A (en) | 1995-09-29 | 1997-04-29 | Ackrad Laboratories, Inc. | Catheter having an intracervical/intrauterine balloon made from polyurethane |
US5810876A (en) | 1995-10-03 | 1998-09-22 | Akos Biomedical, Inc. | Flexible forceps device |
AU7255896A (en) | 1995-10-06 | 1997-04-28 | Brian S. Kelleher | Steerable, flexible forceps device |
US5779716A (en) | 1995-10-06 | 1998-07-14 | Metamorphic Surgical Devices, Inc. | Device for removing solid objects from body canals, cavities and organs |
US5853374A (en) | 1995-10-11 | 1998-12-29 | Applied Medical Resources Corporation | Tissue collection and retrieval bag |
US6190353B1 (en) * | 1995-10-13 | 2001-02-20 | Transvascular, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for bypassing arterial obstructions and/or performing other transvascular procedures |
US5882344A (en) | 1995-10-18 | 1999-03-16 | Stouder, Jr.; Albert E. | Adjustable length cannula and trocar |
US5885280A (en) | 1995-11-08 | 1999-03-23 | Megadyne Medical Products, Inc. | Electrosurgical electrode connector |
US5730740A (en) | 1995-11-09 | 1998-03-24 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Latch mechanism for surgical instruments |
IT1277690B1 (en) | 1995-12-22 | 1997-11-11 | Bieffe Medital Spa | VERTEBRAL SUPPORT AND IMPLEMENTATION SYSTEM IN PARTICULAR FOR SURGICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC INSTRUMENTS |
US5817107A (en) | 1995-12-28 | 1998-10-06 | Schaller; Guenter | Grasping instrument with a guided-on, attachable modified knot pusher |
US5711921A (en) | 1996-01-02 | 1998-01-27 | Kew Import/Export Inc. | Medical cleaning and sterilizing apparatus |
US5827281A (en) | 1996-01-05 | 1998-10-27 | Levin; John M. | Insulated surgical scissors |
CA2243527A1 (en) | 1996-01-18 | 1997-07-24 | University Of New Mexico | Soft actuators and artificial muscles |
US5628732A (en) | 1996-01-19 | 1997-05-13 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Trocar with improved universal seal |
US5846238A (en) * | 1996-01-19 | 1998-12-08 | Ep Technologies, Inc. | Expandable-collapsible electrode structures with distal end steering or manipulation |
US5791022A (en) | 1996-01-29 | 1998-08-11 | Bohman; Lars | Cord locking mechanism |
JP2001508318A (en) | 1996-02-02 | 2001-06-26 | トランスバスキュラー インコーポレイテッド | Apparatus, systems and methods for interstitial transvascular intervention |
US5810805A (en) | 1996-02-09 | 1998-09-22 | Conmed Corporation | Bipolar surgical devices and surgical methods |
US5749889A (en) | 1996-02-13 | 1998-05-12 | Imagyn Medical, Inc. | Method and apparatus for performing biopsy |
US5957953A (en) | 1996-02-16 | 1999-09-28 | Smith & Nephew, Inc. | Expandable suture anchor |
US6436107B1 (en) | 1996-02-20 | 2002-08-20 | Computer Motion, Inc. | Method and apparatus for performing minimally invasive surgical procedures |
US5855546A (en) | 1996-02-29 | 1999-01-05 | Sci-Med Life Systems | Perfusion balloon and radioactive wire delivery system |
US5702390A (en) | 1996-03-12 | 1997-12-30 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Bioplar cutting and coagulation instrument |
US5833603A (en) | 1996-03-13 | 1998-11-10 | Lipomatrix, Inc. | Implantable biosensing transponder |
US5649372A (en) | 1996-03-14 | 1997-07-22 | American Dryer Corporation | Drying cycle controller for controlling drying as a function of humidity and temperature |
JP3225835B2 (en) | 1996-03-14 | 2001-11-05 | 富士写真光機株式会社 | Endoscope treatment instrument fixing mechanism |
US5814026A (en) | 1996-03-19 | 1998-09-29 | Yoon; Inbae | Endoscopic portal having a universal seal and methods for introducing instruments therethrough |
US6016452A (en) | 1996-03-19 | 2000-01-18 | Kasevich; Raymond S. | Dynamic heating method and radio frequency thermal treatment |
US5725523A (en) | 1996-03-29 | 1998-03-10 | Mueller; Richard L. | Lateral-and posterior-aspect method and apparatus for laser-assisted transmyocardial revascularization and other surgical applications |
US5813976A (en) | 1996-04-02 | 1998-09-29 | Filipi; Charles J. | Stabilizing instrumentation for the performing of endoscopic surgical procedures |
JPH1024049A (en) | 1996-04-04 | 1998-01-27 | Valleylab Inc | Device for electric surgical operation |
US7604633B2 (en) * | 1996-04-12 | 2009-10-20 | Cytyc Corporation | Moisture transport system for contact electrocoagulation |
US5669875A (en) | 1996-04-16 | 1997-09-23 | United States Surgical Corporation | Endoscopic surgical apparatus with longitudinal actuation |
EP0893970B1 (en) | 1996-04-19 | 2006-06-21 | Applied Medical Resources Corporation | Grasping clip applier |
US5700275A (en) | 1996-04-25 | 1997-12-23 | United States Surgical Corporation | Articulating endoscopic surgical instrument |
US6036640A (en) | 1996-04-29 | 2000-03-14 | Medtronic, Inc. | Device and method for repositioning the heart during surgery |
EP0848598B1 (en) | 1996-05-10 | 2005-02-23 | Emmanuil Giannadakis | System of laparoscopic-endoscopic surgery |
US5893846A (en) | 1996-05-15 | 1999-04-13 | Symbiosis Corp. | Ceramic coated endoscopic scissor blades and a method of making the same |
US5860913A (en) * | 1996-05-16 | 1999-01-19 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Endoscope whose distal cover can be freely detachably attached to main distal part thereof with high positioning precision |
US5792135A (en) * | 1996-05-20 | 1998-08-11 | Intuitive Surgical, Inc. | Articulated surgical instrument for performing minimally invasive surgery with enhanced dexterity and sensitivity |
US5855585A (en) * | 1996-06-11 | 1999-01-05 | X-Site, L.L.C. | Device and method for suturing blood vessels and the like |
US5993474A (en) | 1996-06-11 | 1999-11-30 | Asahi Kogaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Treatment accessory for endoscope |
US6090129A (en) | 1996-06-11 | 2000-07-18 | Asahi Kogaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Treatment accessory for endoscope |
EP0912140B1 (en) | 1996-06-24 | 2004-08-25 | Karl Storz GmbH & Co. KG | Endoscopic instrument which can be bent |
US5925052A (en) | 1996-06-26 | 1999-07-20 | Simmons; Paul L. | Umbilical surgical scissors |
US5752951A (en) | 1996-07-02 | 1998-05-19 | Yanik; Gary W. | Shielded monopolar electrosurgical apparatus |
US5728133A (en) | 1996-07-09 | 1998-03-17 | Cardiologics, L.L.C. | Anchoring device and method for sealing percutaneous punctures in vessels |
US5782748A (en) | 1996-07-10 | 1998-07-21 | Symbiosis Corporation | Endoscopic surgical instruments having detachable proximal and distal portions |
US5741234A (en) | 1996-07-16 | 1998-04-21 | Aboul-Hosn; Walid Nagib | Anatomical cavity access sealing condit |
US5902254A (en) | 1996-07-29 | 1999-05-11 | The Nemours Foundation | Cathether guidewire |
US5993447A (en) | 1996-08-16 | 1999-11-30 | United States Surgical | Apparatus for thermal treatment of tissue |
US6106521A (en) | 1996-08-16 | 2000-08-22 | United States Surgical Corporation | Apparatus for thermal treatment of tissue |
US5718717A (en) | 1996-08-19 | 1998-02-17 | Bonutti; Peter M. | Suture anchor |
US6123712A (en) | 1996-08-23 | 2000-09-26 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Balloon catheter with stent securement means |
US5810806A (en) | 1996-08-29 | 1998-09-22 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery | Methods and devices for collection of soft tissue |
US6072154A (en) | 1996-09-05 | 2000-06-06 | Medtronic, Inc. | Selectively activated shape memory device |
CA2265752A1 (en) | 1996-09-16 | 1998-03-19 | Philip S. Green | System and method for endosurgery employing conjoint operation of an endoscope and endosurgical instrument |
US5655548A (en) | 1996-09-16 | 1997-08-12 | Circulation, Inc. | Method for treatment of ischemic heart disease by providing transvenous myocardial perfusion |
US5830221A (en) | 1996-09-20 | 1998-11-03 | United States Surgical Corporation | Coil fastener applier |
US6152936A (en) | 1996-09-23 | 2000-11-28 | Esd Medical, Llc | Surgical loop delivery device |
JP2957134B2 (en) | 1996-10-08 | 1999-10-04 | 株式会社八光電機製作所 | Valve and valved trocar mantle |
US6311692B1 (en) | 1996-10-22 | 2001-11-06 | Epicor, Inc. | Apparatus and method for diagnosis and therapy of electrophysiological disease |
TW375522B (en) | 1996-10-24 | 1999-12-01 | Danek Medical Inc | Devices for percutaneous surgery under direct visualization and through an elongated cannula |
US6371956B1 (en) | 1996-10-28 | 2002-04-16 | Endoscopic Concepts, Inc. | Monopolar electrosurgical end effectors |
US5954720A (en) | 1996-10-28 | 1999-09-21 | Endoscopic Concepts, Inc. | Bipolar electrosurgical end effectors |
US5681279A (en) | 1996-11-04 | 1997-10-28 | Roper; David H. | Pill dispensing syringe |
US6106473A (en) | 1996-11-06 | 2000-08-22 | Sts Biopolymers, Inc. | Echogenic coatings |
CA2271205A1 (en) | 1996-11-06 | 1998-05-14 | Sts Biopolymers, Inc. | Echogenic coating containing gaseous spaces for ultrasonography |
US5749826A (en) | 1996-11-06 | 1998-05-12 | Faulkner; James W. | Urinary incontinence control device |
US5735849A (en) | 1996-11-07 | 1998-04-07 | Everest Medical Corporation | Endoscopic forceps with thumb-slide lock release mechanism |
US5976178A (en) | 1996-11-07 | 1999-11-02 | Vascular Science Inc. | Medical grafting methods |
US6091995A (en) | 1996-11-08 | 2000-07-18 | Surx, Inc. | Devices, methods, and systems for shrinking tissues |
EP0873145A2 (en) | 1996-11-15 | 1998-10-28 | Advanced Bio Surfaces, Inc. | Biomaterial system for in situ tissue repair |
US6165184A (en) | 1996-11-18 | 2000-12-26 | Smith & Nephew, Inc. | Systems methods and instruments for minimally invasive surgery |
AU742708B2 (en) | 1996-11-18 | 2002-01-10 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Systems, methods, and instruments for minimally invasive surgery |
US6102926A (en) | 1996-12-02 | 2000-08-15 | Angiotrax, Inc. | Apparatus for percutaneously performing myocardial revascularization having means for sensing tissue parameters and methods of use |
US5779624A (en) | 1996-12-05 | 1998-07-14 | Boston Scientific Corporation | Sigmoid splint device for endoscopy |
US5792113A (en) | 1996-12-12 | 1998-08-11 | Ethicon Endo-Surgerym Inc. | Universal seal for a trocar |
US6071279A (en) | 1996-12-19 | 2000-06-06 | Ep Technologies, Inc. | Branched structures for supporting multiple electrode elements |
US6030634A (en) | 1996-12-20 | 2000-02-29 | The Chinese University Of Hong Kong | Polymer gel composition and uses therefor |
US5951549A (en) | 1996-12-20 | 1999-09-14 | Enable Medical Corporation | Bipolar electrosurgical scissors |
US5782861A (en) | 1996-12-23 | 1998-07-21 | Sub Q Inc. | Percutaneous hemostasis device |
US6708066B2 (en) | 1999-12-10 | 2004-03-16 | Ewa Herbst | Electrochemical treatment of tissues, especially tumors |
US5709708A (en) * | 1997-01-31 | 1998-01-20 | Thal; Raymond | Captured-loop knotless suture anchor assembly |
US5916213A (en) | 1997-02-04 | 1999-06-29 | Medtronic, Inc. | Systems and methods for tissue mapping and ablation |
US5938661A (en) | 1997-02-05 | 1999-08-17 | Symbosis Corporation | Single arm electrocautery probes for use with a resectoscope |
US5893874A (en) | 1997-02-07 | 1999-04-13 | Smith & Nephew, Inc. | Surgical instrument |
US6173872B1 (en) | 1997-02-10 | 2001-01-16 | The Accessory Corp. | Crease-free combination hanger |
US5779727A (en) | 1997-02-18 | 1998-07-14 | Orejola; Wilmo C. | Hydraulically operated surgical scissors |
US5911737A (en) | 1997-02-28 | 1999-06-15 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Microfabricated therapeutic actuators |
US6152944A (en) | 1997-03-05 | 2000-11-28 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Catheter with removable balloon protector and stent delivery system with removable stent protector |
US5957943A (en) | 1997-03-05 | 1999-09-28 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Method and devices for increasing ultrasonic effects |
US5876411A (en) | 1997-03-11 | 1999-03-02 | X-Site L.L.C. | Device and method for locating and sealing a blood vessel |
US5800449A (en) | 1997-03-11 | 1998-09-01 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Knife shield for surgical instruments |
US5830231A (en) | 1997-03-19 | 1998-11-03 | Geiges, Jr.; John J. | Handle and actuating mechanism for surgical instruments |
US5782866A (en) | 1997-03-25 | 1998-07-21 | Ethicon, Inc. | System for anchoring tissue to bone |
US7027869B2 (en) | 1998-01-07 | 2006-04-11 | Asthmatx, Inc. | Method for treating an asthma attack |
US5936536A (en) | 1997-04-08 | 1999-08-10 | Medicor Corporation | Electrical insulation testing device and method for electrosurgical instruments |
US6033399A (en) | 1997-04-09 | 2000-03-07 | Valleylab, Inc. | Electrosurgical generator with adaptive power control |
US5897487A (en) | 1997-04-15 | 1999-04-27 | Asahi Kogaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Front end hood for endoscope |
US5873849A (en) | 1997-04-24 | 1999-02-23 | Ichor Medical Systems, Inc. | Electrodes and electrode arrays for generating electroporation inducing electrical fields |
US6017358A (en) | 1997-05-01 | 2000-01-25 | Inbae Yoon | Surgical instrument with multiple rotatably mounted offset end effectors |
US5957936A (en) | 1997-05-01 | 1999-09-28 | Inbae Yoon | Instrument assemblies for performing anatomical tissue ligation |
US5908429A (en) | 1997-05-01 | 1999-06-01 | Yoon; Inbae | Methods of anatomical tissue ligation |
US5921993A (en) | 1997-05-01 | 1999-07-13 | Yoon; Inbae | Methods of endoscopic tubal ligation |
US5817061A (en) | 1997-05-16 | 1998-10-06 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Trocar assembly |
US6050992A (en) | 1997-05-19 | 2000-04-18 | Radiotherapeutics Corporation | Apparatus and method for treating tissue with multiple electrodes |
US5810849A (en) | 1997-06-09 | 1998-09-22 | Cardiologics, L.L.C. | Device and method for suturing blood vessels and the like |
US6183420B1 (en) * | 1997-06-20 | 2001-02-06 | Medtronic Ave, Inc. | Variable stiffness angioplasty guide wire |
WO1999000060A1 (en) | 1997-06-26 | 1999-01-07 | Advanced Coronary Intervention | Electrosurgical catheter for resolving obstructions by radio frequency ablation |
US5921892A (en) | 1997-06-30 | 1999-07-13 | Essi-Ferno | Underwater treadmill device |
US6500174B1 (en) | 1997-07-08 | 2002-12-31 | Atrionix, Inc. | Circumferential ablation device assembly and methods of use and manufacture providing an ablative circumferential band along an expandable member |
US6322578B1 (en) | 1997-07-14 | 2001-11-27 | Heartport, Inc. | Endoscopic microsurgical instruments |
ES2234136T3 (en) | 1997-07-25 | 2005-06-16 | Sherwood Services Ag | SYSTEM OF ABLATION ELECTRODES IN GROUPS. |
US5954731A (en) | 1997-07-29 | 1999-09-21 | Yoon; Inbae | Surgical instrument with multiple rotatably mounted spreadable end effectors |
US6293952B1 (en) | 1997-07-31 | 2001-09-25 | Circon Corporation | Medical instrument system for piercing through tissue |
US6059719A (en) | 1997-08-06 | 2000-05-09 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Endoscope system |
US5904702A (en) | 1997-08-14 | 1999-05-18 | University Of Massachusetts | Instrument for thoracic surgical procedures |
US5803903A (en) | 1997-08-15 | 1998-09-08 | Mist, Inc. | Surgical retractor and method of use with balloon dissection |
US6102909A (en) | 1997-08-26 | 2000-08-15 | Ethicon, Inc. | Scissorlike electrosurgical cutting instrument |
US6024744A (en) | 1997-08-27 | 2000-02-15 | Ethicon, Inc. | Combined bipolar scissor and grasper |
US5922008A (en) | 1997-08-28 | 1999-07-13 | Gimpelson; Richard J. | Surgical forceps |
US6149653A (en) | 1997-09-05 | 2000-11-21 | Deslauriers; Richard J. | Self-retaining anchor track and method of making and using same |
AU9475198A (en) | 1997-09-08 | 1999-03-29 | Miltex Technology Corporation | Medical scissor sharpener |
US6267761B1 (en) | 1997-09-09 | 2001-07-31 | Sherwood Services Ag | Apparatus and method for sealing and cutting tissue |
US6179832B1 (en) * | 1997-09-11 | 2001-01-30 | Vnus Medical Technologies, Inc. | Expandable catheter having two sets of electrodes |
US5964782A (en) | 1997-09-18 | 1999-10-12 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Closure device and method |
US6017356A (en) | 1997-09-19 | 2000-01-25 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery Inc. | Method for using a trocar for penetration and skin incision |
US5916147A (en) | 1997-09-22 | 1999-06-29 | Boury; Harb N. | Selectively manipulable catheter |
US5868762A (en) * | 1997-09-25 | 1999-02-09 | Sub-Q, Inc. | Percutaneous hemostatic suturing device and method |
US5995875A (en) | 1997-10-01 | 1999-11-30 | United States Surgical | Apparatus for thermal treatment of tissue |
WO1999017661A1 (en) | 1997-10-02 | 1999-04-15 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Subcutaneous endoscopic dissector |
US5908420A (en) | 1997-10-03 | 1999-06-01 | Everest Medical Corporation | Surgical scissors with bipolar distal electrodes |
EP0927543B1 (en) | 1997-10-08 | 2005-04-20 | Ethicon, Inc. | Bipolar electrosurgical scissors for fine or delicate surgical dissection |
US6123701A (en) * | 1997-10-09 | 2000-09-26 | Perfect Surgical Techniques, Inc. | Methods and systems for organ resection |
US6171316B1 (en) | 1997-10-10 | 2001-01-09 | Origin Medsystems, Inc. | Endoscopic surgical instrument for rotational manipulation |
DE19745157A1 (en) | 1997-10-14 | 1999-06-10 | Storz Karl Gmbh & Co | Instrument or forceps for medical and especially endoscopic applications |
JP3342021B2 (en) | 1997-10-17 | 2002-11-05 | サーコン コーポレーション | Medical device system that penetrates tissue |
US20020055717A1 (en) | 1997-10-20 | 2002-05-09 | Philippe Poncet | Fluid-based agent delivery device with self-expanding delivery element |
US6240312B1 (en) | 1997-10-23 | 2001-05-29 | Robert R. Alfano | Remote-controllable, micro-scale device for use in in vivo medical diagnosis and/or treatment |
JP4121615B2 (en) | 1997-10-31 | 2008-07-23 | オリンパス株式会社 | Endoscope |
IL122111A (en) | 1997-11-04 | 2004-06-01 | Sightline Techn Ltd | Video rectoscope |
DE19752331C1 (en) | 1997-11-26 | 1999-09-30 | Aesculap Ag & Co Kg | Magazine for a surgical clip applier |
US6019770A (en) | 1997-12-04 | 2000-02-01 | Christoudias; George C. | Versatile endoscopic retrieval bag |
US6168570B1 (en) * | 1997-12-05 | 2001-01-02 | Micrus Corporation | Micro-strand cable with enhanced radiopacity |
US5976075A (en) | 1997-12-15 | 1999-11-02 | University Of Massachusetts | Endoscope deployment apparatus |
WO1999030622A2 (en) | 1997-12-17 | 1999-06-24 | Surgical Insight, Inc. | Low profile endoscopic surgical instruments |
US5989182A (en) | 1997-12-19 | 1999-11-23 | Vista Medical Technologies, Inc. | Device-steering shaft assembly and endoscope |
DE19757056B4 (en) | 1997-12-20 | 2008-08-28 | Aesculap Ag & Co. Kg | Surgical instrument |
US6632171B2 (en) | 1997-12-22 | 2003-10-14 | Given Imaging Ltd. | Method for in vivo delivery of autonomous capsule |
IL122716A0 (en) | 1997-12-22 | 1998-08-16 | Tally Eitan Zeev Pearl And Co | System and method for in vivo delivery of autonomous capsule |
US6626919B1 (en) | 1997-12-29 | 2003-09-30 | Lee L. Swanstrom | Method and apparatus for attaching or locking an implant to an anatomic vessel or hollow organ wall |
DE19800917A1 (en) * | 1998-01-14 | 1999-07-15 | Storz Karl Gmbh & Co | Instrument for insertion during endoscopic operations |
US6068648A (en) | 1998-01-26 | 2000-05-30 | Orthodyne, Inc. | Tissue anchoring system and method |
US6165175A (en) | 1999-02-02 | 2000-12-26 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | RF bipolar mesentery takedown device including improved bipolar end effector |
US6517534B1 (en) | 1998-02-11 | 2003-02-11 | Cosman Company, Inc. | Peri-urethral ablation |
US6440127B2 (en) | 1998-02-11 | 2002-08-27 | Cosman Company, Inc. | Method for performing intraurethral radio-frequency urethral enlargement |
US6352543B1 (en) | 2000-04-29 | 2002-03-05 | Ventrica, Inc. | Methods for forming anastomoses using magnetic force |
JP4157183B2 (en) | 1998-02-17 | 2008-09-24 | オリンパス株式会社 | Endoscopic treatment tool |
US7169141B2 (en) | 1998-02-24 | 2007-01-30 | Hansen Medical, Inc. | Surgical instrument |
US7090683B2 (en) | 1998-02-24 | 2006-08-15 | Hansen Medical, Inc. | Flexible instrument |
US6454727B1 (en) | 1998-03-03 | 2002-09-24 | Senorx, Inc. | Tissue acquisition system and method of use |
US6141037A (en) | 1998-03-18 | 2000-10-31 | Linvatec Corporation | Video camera system and related method |
US7674259B2 (en) | 2000-12-09 | 2010-03-09 | Tsunami Medtech | Medical instruments and techniques for thermally-mediated therapies |
US7208010B2 (en) | 2000-10-16 | 2007-04-24 | Conor Medsystems, Inc. | Expandable medical device for delivery of beneficial agent |
US6139562A (en) | 1998-03-30 | 2000-10-31 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Apparatus and method for incising |
US5971995A (en) | 1998-03-30 | 1999-10-26 | Ethicon, Inc. | Surgical pouch instrument |
JPH11285502A (en) | 1998-04-03 | 1999-10-19 | Asahi Optical Co Ltd | High frequency treatment tool for endoscope |
US6296630B1 (en) | 1998-04-08 | 2001-10-02 | Biocardia, Inc. | Device and method to slow or stop the heart temporarily |
US6383195B1 (en) | 1998-04-13 | 2002-05-07 | Endoline, Inc. | Laparoscopic specimen removal apparatus |
US6546277B1 (en) | 1998-04-21 | 2003-04-08 | Neutar L.L.C. | Instrument guidance system for spinal and other surgery |
US5997555A (en) | 1998-05-01 | 1999-12-07 | X-Site, L.L.C. | Device and method for suturing blood vessels |
US6315753B1 (en) | 1998-05-01 | 2001-11-13 | Sub-Q, Inc. | System and method for facilitating hemostasis of blood vessel punctures with absorbable sponge |
US6030384A (en) | 1998-05-01 | 2000-02-29 | Nezhat; Camran | Bipolar surgical instruments having focused electrical fields |
US5980539A (en) | 1998-05-06 | 1999-11-09 | X-Site L.L.C. | Device and method for suturing blood vessels and the like |
JP2000037388A (en) | 1998-05-20 | 2000-02-08 | Osamu Yoshida | Organ housing bag and organ housing bag inserter |
US6740082B2 (en) | 1998-12-29 | 2004-05-25 | John H. Shadduck | Surgical instruments for treating gastro-esophageal reflux |
CA2333121C (en) * | 1998-05-21 | 2006-07-25 | Christopher J. Walshe | A tissue anchor system |
US5972002A (en) | 1998-06-02 | 1999-10-26 | Cabot Technology Corporation | Apparatus and method for surgical ligation |
US6027522A (en) | 1998-06-02 | 2000-02-22 | Boston Scientific Corporation | Surgical instrument with a rotatable distal end |
US6030365A (en) | 1998-06-10 | 2000-02-29 | Laufer; Michael D. | Minimally invasive sterile surgical access device and method |
JP3331172B2 (en) | 1998-06-12 | 2002-10-07 | 旭光学工業株式会社 | Endoscope foreign matter collection tool |
US5970581A (en) | 1998-06-22 | 1999-10-26 | Bic Corporation | Controllable fluid gripping devices |
US6679882B1 (en) * | 1998-06-22 | 2004-01-20 | Lina Medical Aps | Electrosurgical device for coagulating and for making incisions, a method of severing blood vessels and a method of coagulating and for making incisions in or severing tissue |
US6096046A (en) | 1998-06-24 | 2000-08-01 | Weiss; Sol | Surgical instrument |
US6537248B2 (en) | 1998-07-07 | 2003-03-25 | Medtronic, Inc. | Helical needle apparatus for creating a virtual electrode used for the ablation of tissue |
US6706039B2 (en) | 1998-07-07 | 2004-03-16 | Medtronic, Inc. | Method and apparatus for creating a bi-polar virtual electrode used for the ablation of tissue |
US6148222A (en) | 1998-07-10 | 2000-11-14 | Cardiocommand, Inc. | Esophageal catheters and method of use |
US6352503B1 (en) | 1998-07-17 | 2002-03-05 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Endoscopic surgery apparatus |
DE19833600A1 (en) | 1998-07-25 | 2000-03-02 | Storz Karl Gmbh & Co Kg | Medical forceps with two independently movable jaw parts |
US6889089B2 (en) | 1998-07-28 | 2005-05-03 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Apparatus and method for treating tumors near the surface of an organ |
US6212433B1 (en) | 1998-07-28 | 2001-04-03 | Radiotherapeutics Corporation | Method for treating tumors near the surface of an organ |
US6350233B1 (en) | 1998-07-30 | 2002-02-26 | David Z. Lubowski | Sigmoidoscope |
IT1301986B1 (en) | 1998-07-31 | 2000-07-20 | Valerio Cigaina | LAPAROSCOPIC FORCEPS FOR SUTURE. |
US5916145A (en) | 1998-08-07 | 1999-06-29 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Device and method of using a surgical assembly with mesh sheath |
US7790192B2 (en) | 1998-08-14 | 2010-09-07 | Accessclosure, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for sealing a vascular puncture |
US6527748B1 (en) | 1998-08-17 | 2003-03-04 | Yutaka Suzuki | Method of gastrostomy, and an infection preventive cover, kit or catheter kit, and a gastrostomy catheter kit |
JP4225624B2 (en) | 1998-08-27 | 2009-02-18 | オリンパス株式会社 | High frequency treatment device |
US6786913B1 (en) | 1999-02-01 | 2004-09-07 | Onux Medical, Inc. | Surgical suturing instrument and method of use |
US6131790A (en) | 1998-09-02 | 2000-10-17 | Piraka; Hadi A. | Surgical stapler and cartridge |
US6454783B1 (en) | 1998-09-15 | 2002-09-24 | Gregory Piskun | Laparoscopic instruments and trocar systems for trans-umbilical laproscopic surgery |
US6731875B1 (en) | 1998-09-22 | 2004-05-04 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Wavelength bus architecture for ultra-high speed dense wavelength division multiplexed systems |
US6402689B1 (en) | 1998-09-30 | 2002-06-11 | Sicel Technologies, Inc. | Methods, systems, and associated implantable devices for dynamic monitoring of physiological and biological properties of tumors |
JP4136118B2 (en) | 1998-09-30 | 2008-08-20 | オリンパス株式会社 | Electrosurgical equipment |
US6074408A (en) | 1998-10-13 | 2000-06-13 | Freeman; Kenneth V. | Modular medical instrument and method of using same |
US6053927A (en) | 1998-10-15 | 2000-04-25 | Rsh-Gs Trust | Apparatus and method for implant removal |
US6090107A (en) | 1998-10-20 | 2000-07-18 | Megadyne Medical Products, Inc. | Resposable electrosurgical instrument |
US6190383B1 (en) | 1998-10-21 | 2001-02-20 | Sherwood Services Ag | Rotatable electrode device |
US7137980B2 (en) | 1998-10-23 | 2006-11-21 | Sherwood Services Ag | Method and system for controlling output of RF medical generator |
US7267677B2 (en) | 1998-10-23 | 2007-09-11 | Sherwood Services Ag | Vessel sealing instrument |
US6086530A (en) | 1998-10-30 | 2000-07-11 | Mack; Michael | Adjustable sleeve for endoscopes |
US6123718A (en) | 1998-11-02 | 2000-09-26 | Polymerex Medical Corp. | Balloon catheter |
WO2000028909A1 (en) | 1998-11-16 | 2000-05-25 | United States Surgical Corporation | Apparatus for thermal treatment of tissue |
US6066160A (en) | 1998-11-23 | 2000-05-23 | Quickie Llc | Passive knotless suture terminator for use in minimally invasive surgery and to facilitate standard tissue securing |
US6234958B1 (en) | 1998-11-30 | 2001-05-22 | Medical Access Systems, Llc | Medical device introduction system including medical introducer having a plurality of access ports and methods of performing medical procedures with same |
WO2000032116A1 (en) | 1998-12-01 | 2000-06-08 | Atropos Limited | A surgical device for retracting and/or sealing an incision |
DE19855812C2 (en) | 1998-12-03 | 2001-05-03 | Aesculap Ag & Co Kg | Surgical bipolar scissors |
CA2320097C (en) | 1998-12-09 | 2009-04-14 | Cook Incorporated | Hollow, curved, superelastic medical needle |
US6346092B1 (en) | 1998-12-14 | 2002-02-12 | Datascope Investment Corp. | Intra-aortic balloon catheter and insertion sheath |
JP4096325B2 (en) * | 1998-12-14 | 2008-06-04 | 正喜 江刺 | Active capillary and method for manufacturing the same |
US6110183A (en) | 1998-12-22 | 2000-08-29 | Cook Incorporated | Suture anchor device |
US6306159B1 (en) | 1998-12-23 | 2001-10-23 | Depuy Orthopaedics, Inc. | Meniscal repair device |
JP4503185B2 (en) | 1998-12-30 | 2010-07-14 | エシコン・インコーポレイテッド | Sterilization package for flexible endoscopes |
US7172714B2 (en) | 1999-01-11 | 2007-02-06 | 2Phase Technologies, Inc. | Use of state-change materials in reformable shapes, templates or tooling |
US6780352B2 (en) | 1999-01-11 | 2004-08-24 | 2Phase Technologies, Inc. | Use of state-change materials in reformable shapes, templates or tooling |
US6170130B1 (en) * | 1999-01-15 | 2001-01-09 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Lashing system |
US6896683B1 (en) | 1999-01-25 | 2005-05-24 | Applied Material Resources Corporation | Surgical instrument with improved handle assembly |
US20030171747A1 (en) | 1999-01-25 | 2003-09-11 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Medical treatment instrument |
US6113593A (en) | 1999-02-01 | 2000-09-05 | Tu; Lily Chen | Ablation apparatus having temperature and force sensing capabilities |
GB9902647D0 (en) | 1999-02-05 | 1999-03-31 | Minop Ltd | Actuating and locking mechanism for a surgical tool |
WO2000047263A2 (en) | 1999-02-12 | 2000-08-17 | Karl Storz Gmbh & Co. Kg | Device for introducing an intubation tube into the trachea |
DE19906191A1 (en) | 1999-02-15 | 2000-08-17 | Ingo F Herrmann | Mouldable endoscope for transmitting light and images with supplementary device has non-round cross section along longitudinal section for inserting in human or animal body opening |
US6427089B1 (en) | 1999-02-19 | 2002-07-30 | Edward W. Knowlton | Stomach treatment apparatus and method |
US6248124B1 (en) | 1999-02-22 | 2001-06-19 | Tyco Healthcare Group | Arterial hole closure apparatus |
DK1154719T3 (en) | 1999-02-25 | 2012-07-23 | Medtronic Minimed Inc | Sample connector and cable for a glucose monitor |
US6350269B1 (en) | 1999-03-01 | 2002-02-26 | Apollo Camera, L.L.C. | Ligation clip and clip applier |
US8636648B2 (en) * | 1999-03-01 | 2014-01-28 | West View Research, Llc | Endoscopic smart probe |
JP2000245683A (en) | 1999-03-02 | 2000-09-12 | Toshiba Corp | Endoscope system cart |
US6179776B1 (en) * | 1999-03-12 | 2001-01-30 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Controllable endoscopic sheath apparatus and related method of use |
US6149535A (en) | 1999-03-12 | 2000-11-21 | Acushnet Company | Golf ball with spun elastic threads |
US6293923B1 (en) | 1999-03-15 | 2001-09-25 | Innoventions, Inc. | Intravesicular balloon |
US6328730B1 (en) | 1999-03-26 | 2001-12-11 | William W. Harkrider, Jr. | Endoluminal multi-luminal surgical sheath and method |
US6228096B1 (en) | 1999-03-31 | 2001-05-08 | Sam R. Marchand | Instrument and method for manipulating an operating member coupled to suture material while maintaining tension on the suture material |
AU4335700A (en) | 1999-04-07 | 2000-10-23 | Endonetics, Inc. | Implantable monitoring probe |
US6491626B1 (en) | 1999-04-16 | 2002-12-10 | Nuvasive | Articulation systems for positioning minimally invasive surgical tools |
US6210409B1 (en) | 1999-05-03 | 2001-04-03 | Alan G. Ellman | Electrosurgical handpiece for treating tissue |
WO2000066017A1 (en) * | 1999-05-04 | 2000-11-09 | Curon Medical, Inc. | Electrodes for creating lesions in tissue regions at or near a sphincter |
US6231506B1 (en) | 1999-05-04 | 2001-05-15 | Cardiothoracic Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for creating a working opening through an incision |
US6167297A (en) | 1999-05-05 | 2000-12-26 | Benaron; David A. | Detecting, localizing, and targeting internal sites in vivo using optical contrast agents |
ATE236580T1 (en) | 1999-05-07 | 2003-04-15 | Andrews Emmet Joseph Howard Pe | SURGICAL FORCEPS |
JP2000325301A (en) * | 1999-05-18 | 2000-11-28 | Asahi Optical Co Ltd | Auxiliary tool for inserting endoscope in large intestine |
US6673088B1 (en) | 1999-05-18 | 2004-01-06 | Cardica, Inc. | Tissue punch |
US6692462B2 (en) | 1999-05-19 | 2004-02-17 | Mackenzie Andrew J. | System and method for establishing vascular access |
US6214007B1 (en) | 1999-06-01 | 2001-04-10 | David G. Anderson | Surgical fastener for fixation of a soft tissue graft to a bone tunnel |
US6699256B1 (en) | 1999-06-04 | 2004-03-02 | St. Jude Medical Atg, Inc. | Medical grafting apparatus and methods |
US7813789B2 (en) * | 1999-06-15 | 2010-10-12 | Given Imaging Ltd. | In-vivo imaging device, optical system and method |
US6585717B1 (en) | 1999-06-15 | 2003-07-01 | Cryocath Technologies Inc. | Deflection structure |
US6890329B2 (en) | 1999-06-15 | 2005-05-10 | Cryocath Technologies Inc. | Defined deflection structure |
SE519023C2 (en) | 1999-06-21 | 2002-12-23 | Micromuscle Ab | Catheter-borne microsurgical tool kit |
US7744613B2 (en) | 1999-06-25 | 2010-06-29 | Usgi Medical, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for forming and securing gastrointestinal tissue folds |
FR2795301B1 (en) | 1999-06-25 | 2001-08-31 | Prec | ENDOSCOPIC SURGERY INSTRUMENT |
US7637905B2 (en) | 2003-01-15 | 2009-12-29 | Usgi Medical, Inc. | Endoluminal tool deployment system |
US7128708B2 (en) | 2002-06-13 | 2006-10-31 | Usgi Medical Inc. | Shape lockable apparatus and method for advancing an instrument through unsupported anatomy |
US7416554B2 (en) | 2002-12-11 | 2008-08-26 | Usgi Medical Inc | Apparatus and methods for forming and securing gastrointestinal tissue folds |
US6364867B2 (en) | 1999-07-01 | 2002-04-02 | Catheter Innovations, Inc. | Anti-clotting methods and apparatus for indwelling catheter tubes |
NL1012527C2 (en) | 1999-07-06 | 2001-01-09 | Cordis Europ | Balloon catheter with tear line. |
US6117158A (en) | 1999-07-07 | 2000-09-12 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Ratchet release mechanism for hand held instruments |
US6168605B1 (en) * | 1999-07-08 | 2001-01-02 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Curved laparoscopic scissor having arcs of curvature |
US6387671B1 (en) | 1999-07-21 | 2002-05-14 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Electrical impedance tomography to control electroporation |
US6692445B2 (en) | 1999-07-27 | 2004-02-17 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Biopsy sampler |
US6767352B2 (en) | 1999-08-03 | 2004-07-27 | Onux Medical, Inc. | Surgical suturing instrument and method of use |
US6326177B1 (en) | 1999-08-04 | 2001-12-04 | Eastern Virginia Medical School Of The Medical College Of Hampton Roads | Method and apparatus for intracellular electro-manipulation |
US6419639B2 (en) | 1999-08-05 | 2002-07-16 | National Institute Of Health | Laparoscopic SAC holder assembly |
US6235026B1 (en) | 1999-08-06 | 2001-05-22 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Polypectomy snare instrument |
US6246914B1 (en) | 1999-08-12 | 2001-06-12 | Irvine Biomedical, Inc. | High torque catheter and methods thereof |
US6325534B1 (en) * | 1999-08-12 | 2001-12-04 | Tarwa L. Hawley | Medication reminder |
US6491627B1 (en) | 1999-08-18 | 2002-12-10 | Fuji Photo Optical Co., Ltd. | Manipulation mechanism for an angle section of an endoscope |
JP3901421B2 (en) | 1999-08-19 | 2007-04-04 | 有限会社 パックス オプティカ ジャパン | Organ anastomosis device |
US6685724B1 (en) | 1999-08-24 | 2004-02-03 | The Penn State Research Foundation | Laparoscopic surgical instrument and method |
ATE363235T1 (en) | 1999-09-09 | 2007-06-15 | Tuebingen Scient Medical Gmbh | SURGICAL INSTRUMENT FOR MINIMALLY INVASIVE PROCEDURES |
US6368328B1 (en) | 1999-09-16 | 2002-04-09 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Laser-resistant medical retrieval device |
GB2354170A (en) | 1999-09-16 | 2001-03-21 | Minop Ltd | A tool and an effector, e.g. surgical forceps, scissors or spreader |
US6231561B1 (en) | 1999-09-20 | 2001-05-15 | Appriva Medical, Inc. | Method and apparatus for closing a body lumen |
US6258064B1 (en) | 1999-10-04 | 2001-07-10 | Syntheon, Llc | Helically advanceable endoscopic needle device |
US6491691B1 (en) | 1999-10-08 | 2002-12-10 | Intuitive Surgical, Inc. | Minimally invasive surgical hook apparatus and method for using same |
WO2001026708A1 (en) | 1999-10-12 | 2001-04-19 | The Ohio State University | Reactive polymeric valve, dispensing devices and methods using same |
US6409727B1 (en) | 1999-10-15 | 2002-06-25 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Multifilar flexible rotary shaft and medical instruments incorporating the same |
US6287304B1 (en) | 1999-10-15 | 2001-09-11 | Neothermia Corporation | Interstitial cauterization of tissue volumes with electrosurgically deployed electrodes |
US6780151B2 (en) | 1999-10-26 | 2004-08-24 | Acmi Corporation | Flexible ureteropyeloscope |
US6749560B1 (en) | 1999-10-26 | 2004-06-15 | Circon Corporation | Endoscope shaft with slotted tube |
US20030093104A1 (en) | 1999-10-29 | 2003-05-15 | Bonner Matthew D. | Methods and apparatus for providing intra-pericardial access |
US6402735B1 (en) | 1999-11-19 | 2002-06-11 | University Of Florida | Medical tube collar |
US6551304B1 (en) | 1999-12-01 | 2003-04-22 | Abbeymoor Medical, Inc. | Magnetic retrieval device and method of use |
US7887551B2 (en) * | 1999-12-02 | 2011-02-15 | Smith & Nephew, Inc. | Soft tissue attachment and repair |
AU4512801A (en) | 1999-12-02 | 2001-06-18 | Scott Resnick | Speculum |
DK200001852A (en) | 1999-12-14 | 2001-06-15 | Asahi Optical Co Ltd | Manipulation section for an endoscopic treatment instrument |
US6428487B1 (en) | 1999-12-17 | 2002-08-06 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical biopsy system with remote control for selecting an operational mode |
US7842068B2 (en) | 2000-12-07 | 2010-11-30 | Integrated Vascular Systems, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for providing tactile feedback while delivering a closure device |
US6581889B2 (en) | 2000-01-10 | 2003-06-24 | Medivas, Llc | Flexible stabilizer arm for forcibly holding an object against a surface |
US6517477B1 (en) | 2000-01-27 | 2003-02-11 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Catheter introducer system for exploration of body cavities |
US6989028B2 (en) * | 2000-01-31 | 2006-01-24 | Edwards Lifesciences Ag | Medical system and method for remodeling an extravascular tissue structure |
US6458076B1 (en) | 2000-02-01 | 2002-10-01 | 5 Star Medical | Multi-lumen medical device |
JP3679674B2 (en) | 2000-02-03 | 2005-08-03 | オリンパス株式会社 | Endoscope |
SE0000372D0 (en) | 2000-02-07 | 2000-02-07 | Pacesetter Ab | Medical system |
WO2001058360A2 (en) | 2000-02-08 | 2001-08-16 | Medsource Technologies, Llc | Endoscopic tool restraint |
US6493590B1 (en) | 2000-02-09 | 2002-12-10 | Micronet Medical, Inc. | Flexible band electrodes for medical leads |
US6610074B2 (en) | 2000-02-10 | 2003-08-26 | Albert N. Santilli | Aorta cross clamp assembly |
DE10007919C2 (en) | 2000-02-21 | 2003-07-17 | Wolf Gmbh Richard | Forceps for free preparation of tissue in a body cavity |
US20050119613A1 (en) | 2000-02-23 | 2005-06-02 | Moenning Stephen P. | Fluid delivery trocar-cannula complex, fluid delivery accessory, and method for delivering fluids during minimally invasive surgery |
MXPA00001922A (en) | 2000-02-24 | 2002-03-08 | De Hayos Garza Andres | Percutaneous intra-gastric balloon catheter for obesity treatment. |
US7993368B2 (en) | 2003-03-13 | 2011-08-09 | C.R. Bard, Inc. | Suture clips, delivery devices and methods |
DK200100367A (en) | 2000-03-07 | 2001-09-08 | Asahi Optical Co Ltd | Endoscopic treatment instrument |
EP1693000B1 (en) | 2000-03-08 | 2013-05-08 | Given Imaging Ltd. | A device for in vivo imaging |
US6264664B1 (en) | 2000-03-10 | 2001-07-24 | General Science And Technology Corp. | Surgical basket devices |
JP4222706B2 (en) | 2000-03-22 | 2009-02-12 | オリンパス株式会社 | Medical instrument holding device |
AU2001249308A1 (en) | 2000-03-24 | 2001-10-15 | Johns Hopkins University | Peritoneal cavity device and method |
DE10015421C2 (en) | 2000-03-28 | 2002-07-04 | Implex Ag Hearing Technology I | Partially or fully implantable hearing system |
US6974411B2 (en) | 2000-04-03 | 2005-12-13 | Neoguide Systems, Inc. | Endoscope with single step guiding apparatus |
US6984203B2 (en) * | 2000-04-03 | 2006-01-10 | Neoguide Systems, Inc. | Endoscope with adjacently positioned guiding apparatus |
US6837846B2 (en) * | 2000-04-03 | 2005-01-04 | Neo Guide Systems, Inc. | Endoscope having a guide tube |
EP1662972A4 (en) | 2000-04-03 | 2010-08-25 | Intuitive Surgical Inc | Activated polymer articulated instruments and methods of insertion |
US6800056B2 (en) | 2000-04-03 | 2004-10-05 | Neoguide Systems, Inc. | Endoscope with guiding apparatus |
JP2001292107A (en) | 2000-04-06 | 2001-10-19 | Sony Corp | Reception device, transmission device and communication system |
US7660621B2 (en) | 2000-04-07 | 2010-02-09 | Medtronic, Inc. | Medical device introducer |
US6485411B1 (en) | 2000-04-12 | 2002-11-26 | Circon Corporation | Endoscope shaft with superelastic alloy spiral frame and braid |
JP4716594B2 (en) | 2000-04-17 | 2011-07-06 | オリンパス株式会社 | Endoscope |
US20020107514A1 (en) | 2000-04-27 | 2002-08-08 | Hooven Michael D. | Transmural ablation device with parallel jaws |
US8518062B2 (en) | 2000-04-29 | 2013-08-27 | Medtronic, Inc. | Devices and methods for forming magnetic anastomoses between vessels |
JP4926359B2 (en) * | 2000-05-03 | 2012-05-09 | シー・アール・バード・インコーポレーテッド | Apparatus and method for mapping and cauterization in electrophysiological procedures |
US6569091B2 (en) | 2000-05-04 | 2003-05-27 | Ananias Diokno | Disconnectable vaginal speculum with removeable blades |
DE10023534A1 (en) | 2000-05-13 | 2001-11-22 | Aesculap Ag & Co Kg | Scissors-shaped or forceps-shaped surgical instrument |
ES2252231T3 (en) | 2000-05-15 | 2006-05-16 | C.R. Bard, Inc. | MECHANISM FOR FIXING AN ENDOSCOPIC ACCESSORY. |
US6709387B1 (en) | 2000-05-15 | 2004-03-23 | Given Imaging Ltd. | System and method for controlling in vivo camera capture and display rate |
US6485503B2 (en) | 2000-05-19 | 2002-11-26 | Coapt Systems, Inc. | Multi-point tissue tension distribution device, a brow and face lift variation, and a method of tissue approximation using the device |
WO2001089596A2 (en) | 2000-05-23 | 2001-11-29 | Given Imaging Ltd. | Device for positioning object in a body lumen |
US6743239B1 (en) | 2000-05-25 | 2004-06-01 | St. Jude Medical, Inc. | Devices with a bendable tip for medical procedures |
DE10026847A1 (en) | 2000-05-31 | 2002-01-10 | Engelbert Gmeilbauer | Tool for tensioning or releasing / opening spring clamping elements |
US6602262B2 (en) | 2000-06-02 | 2003-08-05 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Medical device having linear to rotation control |
US20020023353A1 (en) | 2000-06-06 | 2002-02-28 | Wu. Ting-Kung | Surgical scissors |
AU2001275511A1 (en) | 2000-06-07 | 2001-12-17 | Stereotaxis, Inc. | Guide for medical devices |
US6394979B1 (en) | 2000-06-09 | 2002-05-28 | Inviro Medical Devices Ltd. | Cannula for use with a medical syringe |
WO2001096092A1 (en) | 2000-06-09 | 2001-12-20 | Fiberliner Networks | Method and apparatus for lining a conduit |
US6991631B2 (en) | 2000-06-09 | 2006-01-31 | Arthrocare Corporation | Electrosurgical probe having circular electrode array for ablating joint tissue and systems related thereto |
US6840246B2 (en) | 2000-06-20 | 2005-01-11 | University Of Maryland, Baltimore | Apparatuses and methods for performing minimally invasive diagnostic and surgical procedures inside of a beating heart |
US6477426B1 (en) | 2000-06-20 | 2002-11-05 | Celsion Corporation | System and method for heating the prostate gland to treat and prevent the growth and spread of prostate tumors |
US7727242B2 (en) | 2000-06-29 | 2010-06-01 | Concentric Medical, Inc. | Systems, methods and devices for removing obstructions from a blood vessel |
WO2002005865A2 (en) | 2000-07-14 | 2002-01-24 | Sub-Q, Inc. | Sheath-mounted arterial plug delivery device |
US6340344B1 (en) | 2000-07-18 | 2002-01-22 | Evergreen Medical Incorporated | Endoscope with a removable suction tube |
US6652551B1 (en) | 2000-07-21 | 2003-11-25 | Frederick W. Heiss | Biliary sphincter scissors |
AU2002224519A1 (en) | 2000-07-21 | 2002-02-05 | Atropos Limited | A surgical instrument |
US6921361B2 (en) * | 2000-07-24 | 2005-07-26 | Olympus Corporation | Endoscopic instrument for forming an artificial valve |
WO2002032335A1 (en) | 2000-07-25 | 2002-04-25 | Rita Medical Systems Inc. | Apparatus for detecting and treating tumors using localized impedance measurement |
SE0002878D0 (en) | 2000-08-11 | 2000-08-11 | Kimblad Ola | Device and method of treatment of atrioventricular regurgitation |
US6795728B2 (en) | 2001-08-17 | 2004-09-21 | Minnesota Medical Physics, Llc | Apparatus and method for reducing subcutaneous fat deposits by electroporation |
US6572629B2 (en) | 2000-08-17 | 2003-06-03 | Johns Hopkins University | Gastric reduction endoscopy |
GB0020263D0 (en) | 2000-08-18 | 2000-10-04 | Femcare Cyprus Ltd | Improvements in or relating to applicators |
US6551270B1 (en) | 2000-08-30 | 2003-04-22 | Snowden Pencer, Inc. | Dual lumen access port |
US6767356B2 (en) | 2000-09-01 | 2004-07-27 | Angiolink Corporation | Advanced wound site management systems and methods |
US7387628B1 (en) | 2000-09-15 | 2008-06-17 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Methods and systems for focused bipolar tissue ablation |
KR100741999B1 (en) | 2000-09-27 | 2007-07-23 | 기븐 이미징 리미티드 | An immobilizable in vivo monitoring system and its method |
US6638275B1 (en) | 2000-10-05 | 2003-10-28 | Medironic, Inc. | Bipolar ablation apparatus and method |
US6554823B2 (en) | 2000-10-11 | 2003-04-29 | Medcania, Inc. | System for performing port off-pump beating heart coronary artery bypass surgery |
JP2002112946A (en) | 2000-10-11 | 2002-04-16 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | Hood for endoscope |
US6500176B1 (en) | 2000-10-23 | 2002-12-31 | Csaba Truckai | Electrosurgical systems and techniques for sealing tissue |
US6645225B1 (en) | 2000-11-01 | 2003-11-11 | Alvan W. Atkinson | Method and apparatus for plugging a patent foramen ovale formed in the heart |
US6679889B1 (en) | 2000-11-13 | 2004-01-20 | Hs West Investments, Llc | Apparatus and methods for independently conditioning and pretensioning a plurality of ligament grafts during joint repair surgery |
US6682555B2 (en) | 2000-11-13 | 2004-01-27 | Wit Ip Corporation | Methods for treating the prostate and inhibiting obstruction of the prostatic urethra using biodegradable stents |
US6638286B1 (en) | 2000-11-16 | 2003-10-28 | Vascular Control Systems, Inc. | Doppler directed suture ligation device and method |
US6419641B1 (en) | 2000-11-28 | 2002-07-16 | Promex, Llc | Flexible tip medical instrument |
US6431500B1 (en) | 2000-11-28 | 2002-08-13 | Gregory J. Jacobs | Flexible tube or cord anchoring apparatus |
US20020068945A1 (en) | 2000-12-06 | 2002-06-06 | Robert Sixto | Surgical clips particularly useful in the endoluminal treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) |
US20020138086A1 (en) | 2000-12-06 | 2002-09-26 | Robert Sixto | Surgical clips particularly useful in the endoluminal treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) |
US6569085B2 (en) | 2001-08-16 | 2003-05-27 | Syntheon, Llc | Methods and apparatus for delivering a medical instrument over an endoscope while the endoscope is in a body lumen |
US7727246B2 (en) | 2000-12-06 | 2010-06-01 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Methods for endoluminal treatment |
US7232445B2 (en) | 2000-12-06 | 2007-06-19 | Id, Llc | Apparatus for the endoluminal treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) |
US6716226B2 (en) | 2001-06-25 | 2004-04-06 | Inscope Development, Llc | Surgical clip |
US6890343B2 (en) | 2000-12-14 | 2005-05-10 | Ensure Medical, Inc. | Plug with detachable guidewire element and methods for use |
US6623509B2 (en) | 2000-12-14 | 2003-09-23 | Core Medical, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for sealing vascular punctures |
US6896692B2 (en) | 2000-12-14 | 2005-05-24 | Ensure Medical, Inc. | Plug with collet and apparatus and method for delivering such plugs |
US6846319B2 (en) | 2000-12-14 | 2005-01-25 | Core Medical, Inc. | Devices for sealing openings through tissue and apparatus and methods for delivering them |
US6592603B2 (en) | 2000-12-15 | 2003-07-15 | Michael Lasner | Manually adjustable scissors or forceps |
US6673087B1 (en) * | 2000-12-15 | 2004-01-06 | Origin Medsystems | Elongated surgical scissors |
US6406440B1 (en) | 2000-12-21 | 2002-06-18 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Specimen retrieval bag |
US6350267B1 (en) | 2000-12-21 | 2002-02-26 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Method of use of an improved specimen retrieval bag |
US6840938B1 (en) | 2000-12-29 | 2005-01-11 | Intuitive Surgical, Inc. | Bipolar cauterizing instrument |
CA2434151C (en) | 2001-01-11 | 2009-12-22 | Rita Medical Systems, Inc. | Bone-treatment instrument and method |
US6890295B2 (en) | 2002-10-31 | 2005-05-10 | Medtronic, Inc. | Anatomical space access tools and methods |
US6837848B2 (en) | 2003-01-15 | 2005-01-04 | Medtronic, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for accessing and stabilizing an area of the heart |
US20060025781A1 (en) | 2001-01-17 | 2006-02-02 | Young Wayne P | Laparoscopic instruments and methods utilizing suction |
US7131980B1 (en) | 2001-01-18 | 2006-11-07 | Dvl Acquisitions Sub, Inc. | Surgical suturing instrument and method of use |
US6443970B1 (en) | 2001-01-24 | 2002-09-03 | Ethicon, Inc. | Surgical instrument with a dissecting tip |
US6652521B2 (en) | 2001-01-24 | 2003-11-25 | Ethicon, Inc. | Surgical instrument with a bi-directional cutting element |
US6464702B2 (en) | 2001-01-24 | 2002-10-15 | Ethicon, Inc. | Electrosurgical instrument with closing tube for conducting RF energy and moving jaws |
US6554829B2 (en) | 2001-01-24 | 2003-04-29 | Ethicon, Inc. | Electrosurgical instrument with minimally invasive jaws |
US7105005B2 (en) | 2001-01-29 | 2006-09-12 | Scanlan International, Inc. | Arteriotomy scissors for minimally invasive surgical procedures |
JP4624572B2 (en) | 2001-01-30 | 2011-02-02 | オリンパス株式会社 | Endoscope |
US6997931B2 (en) | 2001-02-02 | 2006-02-14 | Lsi Solutions, Inc. | System for endoscopic suturing |
US8313496B2 (en) | 2001-02-02 | 2012-11-20 | Lsi Solutions, Inc. | System for endoscopic suturing |
JP4097924B2 (en) | 2001-02-05 | 2008-06-11 | オリンパス株式会社 | Biological tissue clip device |
JP2002224124A (en) | 2001-02-06 | 2002-08-13 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | Ligating device |
JP3939158B2 (en) | 2001-02-06 | 2007-07-04 | オリンパス株式会社 | Endoscope device |
US6743226B2 (en) | 2001-02-09 | 2004-06-01 | Cosman Company, Inc. | Adjustable trans-urethral radio-frequency ablation |
US20030135204A1 (en) | 2001-02-15 | 2003-07-17 | Endo Via Medical, Inc. | Robotically controlled medical instrument with a flexible section |
US7699835B2 (en) | 2001-02-15 | 2010-04-20 | Hansen Medical, Inc. | Robotically controlled surgical instruments |
US7842050B2 (en) | 2001-02-26 | 2010-11-30 | Diduch David R | Suture passing devices |
JP3905320B2 (en) | 2001-02-28 | 2007-04-18 | オリンパス株式会社 | Endoscopic high-temperature high-pressure steam sterilization container and endoscope cleaning and sterilization system |
US7422586B2 (en) | 2001-02-28 | 2008-09-09 | Angiodynamics, Inc. | Tissue surface treatment apparatus and method |
US20020133115A1 (en) | 2001-03-13 | 2002-09-19 | Pharmaspec Corporation | Apparatus and methods for capture of medical agents |
US6551356B2 (en) | 2001-03-19 | 2003-04-22 | Ethicon, Inc. | Pocketed hernia repair |
AUPR406501A0 (en) | 2001-03-28 | 2001-04-26 | Kaladelfos, George | Treatment of vault prolapse |
US6530880B2 (en) | 2001-03-29 | 2003-03-11 | Endius Incorporated | Apparatus for supporting an endoscope |
US20030181900A1 (en) | 2002-03-25 | 2003-09-25 | Long Gary L. | Endoscopic ablation system with a plurality of electrodes |
US6623448B2 (en) | 2001-03-30 | 2003-09-23 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Steerable drug delivery device |
US6918906B2 (en) | 2001-03-30 | 2005-07-19 | Gary L. Long | Endoscopic ablation system with improved electrode geometry |
EP1418845A4 (en) | 2001-04-04 | 2006-06-07 | Given Imaging Ltd | Induction powered in vivo imaging device |
WO2002082154A1 (en) | 2001-04-05 | 2002-10-17 | Scalar Corporation | Camera and unit for camera |
DE60223868T2 (en) | 2001-04-05 | 2008-03-13 | Alps Electric Co., Ltd. | Connecting device for a button |
US7101373B2 (en) | 2001-04-06 | 2006-09-05 | Sherwood Services Ag | Vessel sealer and divider |
US7083618B2 (en) | 2001-04-06 | 2006-08-01 | Sherwood Services Ag | Vessel sealer and divider |
US7101371B2 (en) | 2001-04-06 | 2006-09-05 | Dycus Sean T | Vessel sealer and divider |
US7101372B2 (en) | 2001-04-06 | 2006-09-05 | Sherwood Sevices Ag | Vessel sealer and divider |
US7118587B2 (en) | 2001-04-06 | 2006-10-10 | Sherwood Services Ag | Vessel sealer and divider |
US7090673B2 (en) | 2001-04-06 | 2006-08-15 | Sherwood Services Ag | Vessel sealer and divider |
AU2002307762A1 (en) | 2001-04-18 | 2002-10-28 | Bbms Ltd. | Navigating and maneuvering of an in vivo vechicle by extracorporeal devices |
US6994708B2 (en) | 2001-04-19 | 2006-02-07 | Intuitive Surgical | Robotic tool with monopolar electro-surgical scissors |
US6562035B1 (en) | 2001-04-19 | 2003-05-13 | Levin John M | Insulated surgical scissors including cauterizing tip |
US20060069429A1 (en) | 2001-04-24 | 2006-03-30 | Spence Paul A | Tissue fastening systems and methods utilizing magnetic guidance |
US7020531B1 (en) | 2001-05-01 | 2006-03-28 | Intrapace, Inc. | Gastric device and suction assisted method for implanting a device on a stomach wall |
US6535764B2 (en) | 2001-05-01 | 2003-03-18 | Intrapace, Inc. | Gastric treatment and diagnosis device and method |
US7422579B2 (en) * | 2001-05-01 | 2008-09-09 | St. Jude Medical Cardiology Divison, Inc. | Emboli protection devices and related methods of use |
US20080065169A1 (en) | 2001-05-01 | 2008-03-13 | Intrapace, Inc. | Endoscopic Instrument for Engaging a Device |
US6685715B2 (en) | 2001-05-02 | 2004-02-03 | Novare Surgical Systems | Clamp having bendable shaft |
EP1385439A1 (en) | 2001-05-10 | 2004-02-04 | Rita Medical Systems, Inc. | Rf tissue ablation apparatus and method |
US6575988B2 (en) | 2001-05-15 | 2003-06-10 | Ethicon, Inc. | Deployment apparatus for supple surgical materials |
US6814739B2 (en) | 2001-05-18 | 2004-11-09 | U.S. Endoscopy Group, Inc. | Retrieval device |
US6808491B2 (en) | 2001-05-21 | 2004-10-26 | Syntheon, Llc | Methods and apparatus for on-endoscope instruments having end effectors and combinations of on-endoscope and through-endoscope instruments |
US7083629B2 (en) | 2001-05-30 | 2006-08-01 | Satiety, Inc. | Overtube apparatus for insertion into a body |
US7560006B2 (en) | 2001-06-11 | 2009-07-14 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Pressure lamination method for forming composite ePTFE/textile and ePTFE/stent/textile prostheses |
JP2002369791A (en) | 2001-06-14 | 2002-12-24 | Pentax Corp | Endoscopic system and insertion assist instrument for endoscope |
WO2002102418A2 (en) | 2001-06-15 | 2002-12-27 | Uv-Solutions, Llc. | Method and apparatus for sterilizing or disinfecting a region on a patient |
US6673058B2 (en) * | 2001-06-20 | 2004-01-06 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Temporary dilating tip for gastro-intestinal tubes |
US6939292B2 (en) | 2001-06-20 | 2005-09-06 | Olympus Corporation | Capsule type endoscope |
US7090685B2 (en) | 2001-06-25 | 2006-08-15 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical tool having a distal ratchet mechanism |
US7727248B2 (en) | 2001-06-25 | 2010-06-01 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical clip |
US6409733B1 (en) | 2001-06-29 | 2002-06-25 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Specimen retrieval bag |
US6817974B2 (en) | 2001-06-29 | 2004-11-16 | Intuitive Surgical, Inc. | Surgical tool having positively positionable tendon-actuated multi-disk wrist joint |
US6383197B1 (en) | 2001-06-29 | 2002-05-07 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Self disengaging anti-backup mechanism for specimen retrieval bag deployment |
WO2003001980A2 (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2003-01-09 | Medquest Products,Inc. | Cannulation apparatus and method |
JP4744026B2 (en) | 2001-07-30 | 2011-08-10 | オリンパス株式会社 | Capsule endoscope and capsule endoscope system |
US6951536B2 (en) | 2001-07-30 | 2005-10-04 | Olympus Corporation | Capsule-type medical device and medical system |
AT411144B (en) | 2001-08-03 | 2003-10-27 | Ami Gmbh | MEDICAL INSTRUMENT FOR INTRODUCING SURGICAL IMPLANTS |
EP1281356A3 (en) | 2001-08-03 | 2003-08-13 | Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha | Blood vessel connecting instrument |
DE10138356A1 (en) | 2001-08-04 | 2003-02-27 | Aesculap Ag & Co Kg | Scissors, in particular for surgical purposes |
WO2003013374A1 (en) | 2001-08-06 | 2003-02-20 | Penn State Research Foundation | Multifunctional tool and method for minimally invasive surgery |
JP4416990B2 (en) | 2001-08-06 | 2010-02-17 | ギブン イメージング リミテッド | System for operating a device in vivo |
US7112208B2 (en) | 2001-08-06 | 2006-09-26 | Morris John K | Compact suture punch with malleable needle |
US20040249394A1 (en) | 2001-08-06 | 2004-12-09 | Arthrex, Inc. | Compact suture punch with malleable needle |
US7130697B2 (en) | 2002-08-13 | 2006-10-31 | Minnesota Medical Physics Llc | Apparatus and method for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia |
US6994706B2 (en) | 2001-08-13 | 2006-02-07 | Minnesota Medical Physics, Llc | Apparatus and method for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia |
US20040249443A1 (en) | 2001-08-20 | 2004-12-09 | Shanley John F. | Expandable medical device for treating cardiac arrhythmias |
US6719764B1 (en) | 2001-08-24 | 2004-04-13 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Forward deploying suturing device and methods of use |
DE10142253C1 (en) | 2001-08-29 | 2003-04-24 | Siemens Ag | endorobot |
US6945472B2 (en) | 2001-09-04 | 2005-09-20 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Locking-stressing mechanism for a miniaturised high pressuriser |
US6761718B2 (en) | 2001-09-06 | 2004-07-13 | Children's Medical Center Corp. | Direction-oriented and spatially controlled bipolar coagulator for in-situ cauterization of adherent cranial tissue occluding a ventricular catheter previously implanted in-vivo |
US20030050603A1 (en) | 2001-09-12 | 2003-03-13 | Todd Erik F. | Cannula that provides bi-directional fluid flow that is regulated by a single valve |
US6743228B2 (en) | 2001-09-12 | 2004-06-01 | Manoa Medical, Inc. | Devices and methods for tissue severing and removal |
US6489745B1 (en) | 2001-09-13 | 2002-12-03 | The Boeing Company | Contactless power supply |
EP1476088B1 (en) | 2001-09-17 | 2008-06-25 | HydroCision, Inc. | Surgical rotary abrader |
US6773434B2 (en) | 2001-09-18 | 2004-08-10 | Ethicon, Inc. | Combination bipolar forceps and scissors instrument |
JP2003088494A (en) | 2001-09-19 | 2003-03-25 | Pentax Corp | Flexibility varying device for flexible tube part of endoscope |
JP2003116772A (en) | 2001-10-18 | 2003-04-22 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | Endoscope instrument and hood member for endoscope |
DE10147145C2 (en) | 2001-09-25 | 2003-12-18 | Kunz Reiner | Multi-function instrument for micro-invasive surgery |
JP5073895B2 (en) | 2001-09-25 | 2012-11-14 | オリンパス株式会社 | Endoscopic treatment tool |
US6587750B2 (en) | 2001-09-25 | 2003-07-01 | Intuitive Surgical, Inc. | Removable infinite roll master grip handle and touch sensor for robotic surgery |
US6652518B2 (en) | 2001-09-28 | 2003-11-25 | Ethicon, Inc. | Transmural ablation tool and method |
AU2002332031A1 (en) | 2001-10-02 | 2003-04-14 | Arthrocare Corporation | Apparatus and methods for electrosurgical removal and digestion of tissue |
US6776787B2 (en) | 2001-10-05 | 2004-08-17 | Trinh D. Phung | Surgical punch device |
US6866669B2 (en) | 2001-10-12 | 2005-03-15 | Cordis Corporation | Locking handle deployment mechanism for medical device and method |
US20030078471A1 (en) | 2001-10-18 | 2003-04-24 | Foley Frederick J. | Manipulation of an organ |
US7052454B2 (en) | 2001-10-20 | 2006-05-30 | Applied Medical Resources Corporation | Sealed surgical access device |
US20030124009A1 (en) | 2001-10-23 | 2003-07-03 | Ravi Vilupanur A. | Hydrophilic polymer actuators |
US6592594B2 (en) | 2001-10-25 | 2003-07-15 | Spiration, Inc. | Bronchial obstruction device deployment system and method |
WO2003051286A2 (en) | 2001-11-01 | 2003-06-26 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | Hydrogel compositions, devices, and microscale components |
CA2363473C (en) | 2001-11-20 | 2010-10-19 | Marc G. Morin | Anoscope |
GB2369797B (en) | 2001-11-20 | 2002-11-06 | Tayside Flow Technologies Ltd | Helical formations in tubes |
US6830578B2 (en) | 2001-11-26 | 2004-12-14 | Neosurg Technologies, Inc. | Trocar |
US7542807B2 (en) | 2001-12-04 | 2009-06-02 | Endoscopic Technologies, Inc. | Conduction block verification probe and method of use |
US6706018B2 (en) | 2001-12-04 | 2004-03-16 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Adjustable length catheter assembly |
AU2002360540A1 (en) | 2001-12-04 | 2003-06-17 | University Of Southern California | Method for intracellular modifications within living cells using pulsed electric fields |
US20050277956A1 (en) | 2004-06-14 | 2005-12-15 | Francese Jose L | Clip storage for endoscopic clip applier |
US20040193186A1 (en) | 2003-03-25 | 2004-09-30 | Kortenbach Juergen A. | Flexible housing element for a surgical tool |
US7029450B2 (en) | 2001-12-14 | 2006-04-18 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Dilation catheter assembly and related methods |
US20030114731A1 (en) | 2001-12-14 | 2003-06-19 | Cadeddu Jeffrey A. | Magnetic positioning system for trocarless laparoscopic instruments |
US20030114732A1 (en) | 2001-12-18 | 2003-06-19 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Sheath for guiding imaging instruments |
US6908476B2 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2005-06-21 | Alcon Grieshaber Ag | Micro surgical cutting instrument configured as scissors |
US6814743B2 (en) | 2001-12-26 | 2004-11-09 | Origin Medsystems, Inc. | Temporary seal and method for facilitating anastomosis |
IL147324A0 (en) | 2001-12-26 | 2002-08-14 | Sergey Popov | Minimally invasive device |
US6980858B2 (en) | 2001-12-31 | 2005-12-27 | Biosense Webster, Inc. | Method and system for atrial defibrillation |
US6961602B2 (en) | 2001-12-31 | 2005-11-01 | Biosense Webster, Inc. | Catheter having multiple spines each having electrical mapping and location sensing capabilities |
US6740030B2 (en) | 2002-01-04 | 2004-05-25 | Vision Sciences, Inc. | Endoscope assemblies having working channels with reduced bending and stretching resistance |
US6695791B2 (en) | 2002-01-04 | 2004-02-24 | Spiration, Inc. | System and method for capturing body tissue samples |
US7150750B2 (en) | 2002-01-10 | 2006-12-19 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Method and device for endoscopic suturing |
JP2003204920A (en) | 2002-01-11 | 2003-07-22 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | Insertion assisting tool |
US6878110B2 (en) | 2002-01-14 | 2005-04-12 | Seung Choul Yang | Surgical instruments and method for creating anatomic working space in minilaparotomy procedure |
US20030139646A1 (en) | 2002-01-23 | 2003-07-24 | Sharrow James S. | Devices and methods for manipulation of organ tissue |
US6752822B2 (en) | 2002-01-23 | 2004-06-22 | Chris A. Jespersen | Body tissue retrievel bag arrangement |
US6749609B1 (en) | 2002-02-05 | 2004-06-15 | Origin Medsystems, Inc. | Electrocautery scissors |
JP3826045B2 (en) | 2002-02-07 | 2006-09-27 | オリンパス株式会社 | Endoscope hood |
US6939290B2 (en) | 2002-02-11 | 2005-09-06 | Given Imaging Ltd | Self propelled device having a magnetohydrodynamic propulsion system |
US7494499B2 (en) | 2002-02-15 | 2009-02-24 | Olympus Corporation | Surgical therapeutic instrument |
JP3893065B2 (en) | 2002-02-15 | 2007-03-14 | 有限会社 パックス オプティカ ジャパン | Organ anastomosis device |
US6736822B2 (en) | 2002-02-20 | 2004-05-18 | Mcclellan Scott B. | Device and method for internal ligation of tubular structures |
US20030158521A1 (en) | 2002-02-21 | 2003-08-21 | Ameri Darius M. | Trocar placement guide needle |
US20050215858A1 (en) | 2002-03-07 | 2005-09-29 | Vail William B Iii | Tubular personal pelvic viewers |
US8723936B2 (en) | 2002-03-12 | 2014-05-13 | Karl Storz Imaging, Inc. | Wireless camera coupling with rotatable coupling |
US6921408B2 (en) | 2002-03-12 | 2005-07-26 | Lsi Solutions, Inc. | Apparatus for sewing tissue and method of use |
US7060024B2 (en) | 2002-03-15 | 2006-06-13 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Apparatus for guiding an instrument used with an endoscope |
US7261728B2 (en) | 2002-03-15 | 2007-08-28 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Biopsy forceps device and method |
GB0206208D0 (en) | 2002-03-15 | 2002-05-01 | Gyrus Medical Ltd | A surgical instrument |
US7060025B2 (en) | 2002-03-15 | 2006-06-13 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Method for controlling position of medical instruments |
US20030225312A1 (en) | 2002-03-18 | 2003-12-04 | Anthony Kalloo | Endoscopic system for treating inside of body cavity |
US6988987B2 (en) * | 2002-03-18 | 2006-01-24 | Olympus Corporation | Guide tube |
WO2003081761A2 (en) | 2002-03-21 | 2003-10-02 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Conducting polymer activators based on microporous asymmetric membranes |
JP3869291B2 (en) | 2002-03-25 | 2007-01-17 | オリンパス株式会社 | Capsule medical device |
US7137981B2 (en) | 2002-03-25 | 2006-11-21 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Endoscopic ablation system with a distally mounted image sensor |
US7588585B2 (en) | 2002-03-26 | 2009-09-15 | Novare Surgical Systems, Inc. | Handleless clamping device |
WO2003082122A1 (en) | 2002-03-27 | 2003-10-09 | Tyco Healthcare Group Lp | Minimally invasive removal device with breakaway sheath |
US6926725B2 (en) | 2002-04-04 | 2005-08-09 | Rex Medical, L.P. | Thrombectomy device with multi-layered rotational wire |
US6858014B2 (en) | 2002-04-05 | 2005-02-22 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Multiple biopsy device |
US6699263B2 (en) | 2002-04-05 | 2004-03-02 | Cook Incorporated | Sliding suture anchor |
US8774913B2 (en) | 2002-04-08 | 2014-07-08 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Methods and apparatus for intravasculary-induced neuromodulation |
US8131371B2 (en) | 2002-04-08 | 2012-03-06 | Ardian, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for monopolar renal neuromodulation |
US7146984B2 (en) | 2002-04-08 | 2006-12-12 | Synecor, Llc | Method and apparatus for modifying the exit orifice of a satiation pouch |
US7653438B2 (en) | 2002-04-08 | 2010-01-26 | Ardian, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for renal neuromodulation |
US8347891B2 (en) | 2002-04-08 | 2013-01-08 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Methods and apparatus for performing a non-continuous circumferential treatment of a body lumen |
JP4131011B2 (en) | 2002-04-09 | 2008-08-13 | Hoya株式会社 | Endoscopic sputum treatment device |
JP3930757B2 (en) | 2002-04-10 | 2007-06-13 | 有限会社 パックス オプティカ ジャパン | Organ anastomosis device |
US6866628B2 (en) | 2002-04-11 | 2005-03-15 | Medtronic, Inc. | Apparatus for temporarily engaging body tissue |
WO2003088848A2 (en) | 2002-04-16 | 2003-10-30 | Tyco Healthcare Group Lp | Method and apparatus for anastomosis including an expandable anchor |
US6887255B2 (en) | 2002-04-19 | 2005-05-03 | Peter Shimm | Laparoscopic specimen extraction port |
US7862572B2 (en) | 2004-09-20 | 2011-01-04 | Endoevolution, Llc | Apparatus and method for minimally invasive suturing |
US7485093B2 (en) | 2002-04-25 | 2009-02-03 | Given Imaging Ltd. | Device and method for in-vivo sensing |
US6939327B2 (en) | 2002-05-07 | 2005-09-06 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Peel-away sheath |
US7632250B2 (en) | 2002-05-10 | 2009-12-15 | Tyco Healthcare Group Lp | Introducer seal assembly |
US6830545B2 (en) | 2002-05-13 | 2004-12-14 | Everest Vit | Tube gripper integral with controller for endoscope of borescope |
US6685628B2 (en) | 2002-05-15 | 2004-02-03 | Dinh Q. Vu | Endoscopic balloon for spill-proof laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy |
JP3831683B2 (en) | 2002-05-16 | 2006-10-11 | ペンタックス株式会社 | Bending prevention of flexible tube insertion part of endoscope with outer sheath |
CA2484870A1 (en) | 2002-05-17 | 2003-11-27 | Dvl Acquisition Sub, Inc. | Surgical suturing instrument and method of use |
AU2003241521A1 (en) | 2002-05-17 | 2003-12-02 | Onux Medical, Inc. | Surgical suturing instrument and method of use |
US6852078B2 (en) | 2002-05-22 | 2005-02-08 | Pentax Corporation | Outer sheathed endoscope |
US7250027B2 (en) | 2002-05-30 | 2007-07-31 | Karl Storz Endovision, Inc. | Articulating vertebrae with asymmetrical and variable radius of curvature |
US7056330B2 (en) | 2002-05-31 | 2006-06-06 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Method for applying tissue fastener |
JP2004000336A (en) | 2002-05-31 | 2004-01-08 | Olympus Corp | Ultrasonic treatment apparatus |
US6543456B1 (en) | 2002-05-31 | 2003-04-08 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Method for minimally invasive surgery in the digestive system |
AU2003240512B2 (en) | 2002-06-04 | 2009-11-05 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Device and method for rapid aspiration and collection of body tissue from within an enclosed body space |
US20030229269A1 (en) | 2002-06-05 | 2003-12-11 | Humphrey Robert N. | Scope sleeve |
AU2003245381B2 (en) | 2002-06-06 | 2009-02-05 | Covidien Ag | Laparoscopic bipolar electrosurgical instrument |
US20030229273A1 (en) | 2002-06-06 | 2003-12-11 | Mulac Anthony J. | Universal scissors joint apparatus |
US20030229371A1 (en) | 2002-06-10 | 2003-12-11 | Whitworth Warren A. | Offset surgical scissors |
US7041052B2 (en) | 2002-06-13 | 2006-05-09 | Usgi Medical Inc. | Shape lockable apparatus and method for advancing an instrument through unsupported anatomy |
US20060058582A1 (en) | 2002-06-13 | 2006-03-16 | Usgi Medical Inc. | Disposable shapelocking system |
US20050137454A1 (en) | 2002-06-13 | 2005-06-23 | Usgi Medical Corp. | Shape lockable apparatus and method for advancing an instrument through unsupported anatomy |
ES2378149T3 (en) | 2002-06-18 | 2012-04-09 | Tyco Healthcare Group Lp | Tissue removal device |
EP1519688B1 (en) | 2002-06-20 | 2010-06-16 | Tyco Healthcare Group Lp | Apparatus for anastomosis including an anchoring sleeve |
US6679836B2 (en) | 2002-06-21 | 2004-01-20 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Universal programmable guide catheter |
US20040002683A1 (en) * | 2002-06-26 | 2004-01-01 | Nicholson Thomas J. | Percutaneous medical insertion device |
US7288075B2 (en) | 2002-06-27 | 2007-10-30 | Ethicon, Inc. | Methods and devices utilizing rheological materials |
US6932834B2 (en) | 2002-06-27 | 2005-08-23 | Ethicon, Inc. | Suture anchor |
US6881213B2 (en) | 2002-06-28 | 2005-04-19 | Ethicon, Inc. | Device and method to expand treatment array |
GB2406523B (en) | 2002-07-03 | 2006-05-31 | Ganendra Coomer Bose | Improvements in and relating to the formation of knots |
JP2004033525A (en) | 2002-07-04 | 2004-02-05 | Fuji Photo Optical Co Ltd | Hardness variable treatment instrument |
JP4373146B2 (en) | 2002-07-11 | 2009-11-25 | オリンパス株式会社 | Endoscopic suturing device |
WO2004006789A1 (en) | 2002-07-12 | 2004-01-22 | Cook Urological, Incorporated | Flexible cannula shaft |
US7591781B2 (en) | 2002-07-15 | 2009-09-22 | Olympus Corporation | Endoscope system with insertion direction changing guides |
US6976992B2 (en) | 2002-07-16 | 2005-12-20 | Suturecut, Llc | Dual-function medical instrument |
US7001329B2 (en) | 2002-07-23 | 2006-02-21 | Pentax Corporation | Capsule endoscope guidance system, capsule endoscope holder, and capsule endoscope |
US7294139B1 (en) | 2002-07-26 | 2007-11-13 | C.M. Wright, Inc. | Controlled - motion endoscopic grasping instrument |
US20040210245A1 (en) | 2002-07-26 | 2004-10-21 | John Erickson | Bendable needle with removable stylet |
CN1678239A (en) | 2002-08-01 | 2005-10-05 | 约翰霍普金斯大学 | Techniques for identifying molecular structures and treating cell types lining a body lumen using fluorescence |
JP4142369B2 (en) | 2002-08-07 | 2008-09-03 | オリンパス株式会社 | Endoscopic treatment system |
JP4172966B2 (en) | 2002-08-08 | 2008-10-29 | Hoya株式会社 | Endoscope hardness variable sheath adapter |
NL1021295C2 (en) | 2002-08-19 | 2004-02-20 | Monti Ind B V | Container, especially for foodstuffs, can be torn along line of weakness using tab to separate it into different parts |
US7188627B2 (en) | 2002-09-06 | 2007-03-13 | Apneon, Inc. | Magnetic force devices, systems, and methods for resisting tissue collapse within the pharyngeal conduit |
AU2003272277A1 (en) | 2002-09-06 | 2004-03-29 | C.R. Bard, Inc. | Endoscopic accessory mounting adaptor |
US7947000B2 (en) | 2003-09-12 | 2011-05-24 | Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc. | Cannula system for free-space navigation and method of use |
US6776165B2 (en) | 2002-09-12 | 2004-08-17 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Magnetic navigation system for diagnosis, biopsy and drug delivery vehicles |
US9808597B2 (en) | 2002-09-12 | 2017-11-07 | Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc. | Shape-transferring cannula system and method of use |
US8298161B2 (en) | 2002-09-12 | 2012-10-30 | Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc. | Shape-transferring cannula system and method of use |
JP4147315B2 (en) | 2002-09-13 | 2008-09-10 | Hoya株式会社 | Magnetic anchor remote guidance system |
US7115092B2 (en) | 2002-09-18 | 2006-10-03 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Tubular compliant mechanisms for ultrasonic imaging systems and intravascular interventional devices |
US6966919B2 (en) | 2002-09-20 | 2005-11-22 | Id, Llc | Instrument for applying a surgical fastener particularly for the transoral treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) |
US20050080435A1 (en) | 2002-09-20 | 2005-04-14 | Kevin Smith | Tissue retractor and method for using the retractor |
US7118531B2 (en) | 2002-09-24 | 2006-10-10 | The Johns Hopkins University | Ingestible medical payload carrying capsule with wireless communication |
US6944490B1 (en) | 2002-09-25 | 2005-09-13 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Apparatus and method for positioning and delivering a therapeutic tool to the inside of a heart |
EP1402922B1 (en) | 2002-09-27 | 2007-02-07 | Nucletron B.V. | Device for radiation treatment of proliferative tissue surrounding a cavity in an animal body |
US8449452B2 (en) | 2002-09-30 | 2013-05-28 | Given Imaging Ltd. | In-vivo sensing system |
JP4545589B2 (en) | 2002-10-04 | 2010-09-15 | タイコ ヘルスケア グループ エルピー | Tool assembly for a surgical stapling device |
JP3791916B2 (en) | 2002-10-11 | 2006-06-28 | オリンパス株式会社 | End hood member for endoscope |
US6958035B2 (en) | 2002-10-15 | 2005-10-25 | Dusa Pharmaceuticals, Inc | Medical device sheath apparatus and method of making and using same |
US20040092970A1 (en) | 2002-10-18 | 2004-05-13 | Xavier Alfredo F. | Prosthetic mesh anchor device |
US7211089B2 (en) | 2002-10-18 | 2007-05-01 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Medical retrieval device |
JP2006503649A (en) | 2002-10-23 | 2006-02-02 | ティーシーエーエム テクノロジーズ, インコーポレイテッド | Anti-decubitus mat with advanced functions |
US6960209B2 (en) | 2002-10-23 | 2005-11-01 | Medtronic, Inc. | Electrosurgical methods and apparatus for making precise incisions in body vessels |
US6861250B1 (en) | 2002-10-25 | 2005-03-01 | Pmt Corporation | Tissue dissecting board assembly |
US6936003B2 (en) | 2002-10-29 | 2005-08-30 | Given Imaging Ltd | In-vivo extendable element device and system, and method of use |
US7083620B2 (en) | 2002-10-30 | 2006-08-01 | Medtronic, Inc. | Electrosurgical hemostat |
US7794447B2 (en) | 2002-11-01 | 2010-09-14 | Valentx, Inc. | Gastrointestinal sleeve device and methods for treatment of morbid obesity |
US6656194B1 (en) | 2002-11-05 | 2003-12-02 | Satiety, Inc. | Magnetic anchoring devices |
US7455675B2 (en) | 2002-11-06 | 2008-11-25 | Angiodynamics, Inc. | Device and method for withdrawing a tubular body part |
US6923754B2 (en) | 2002-11-06 | 2005-08-02 | Senorx, Inc. | Vacuum device and method for treating tissue adjacent a body cavity |
JP4187508B2 (en) | 2002-11-12 | 2008-11-26 | フジノン株式会社 | Electronic endoscope device |
US20050004515A1 (en) * | 2002-11-15 | 2005-01-06 | Hart Charles C. | Steerable kink resistant sheath |
US7335213B1 (en) | 2002-11-15 | 2008-02-26 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. | Apparatus and methods for heart valve repair |
US6939347B2 (en) | 2002-11-19 | 2005-09-06 | Conmed Corporation | Electrosurgical generator and method with voltage and frequency regulated high-voltage current mode power supply |
US7211092B2 (en) | 2002-11-19 | 2007-05-01 | Pilling Weck Incorporated | Automated-feed surgical clip applier and related methods |
DE10255082A1 (en) | 2002-11-20 | 2004-06-17 | Aesculap Ag & Co. Kg | endoscope |
JP2004173850A (en) | 2002-11-26 | 2004-06-24 | Olympus Corp | Transporter for steam sterilization |
US6960183B2 (en) | 2002-12-02 | 2005-11-01 | Nicolette Jon R | Veterinary pill and capsule delivery device |
JP4098613B2 (en) | 2002-12-11 | 2008-06-11 | 朝日インテック株式会社 | Hollow stranded wire coil body, medical instrument using the same, and manufacturing method thereof |
US7037290B2 (en) | 2002-12-16 | 2006-05-02 | Medtronic, Inc. | Multi-lumen steerable catheter |
US20040115164A1 (en) | 2002-12-17 | 2004-06-17 | Pierce Ryan K. | Soft filament occlusive device delivery system |
US6969381B2 (en) | 2002-12-18 | 2005-11-29 | Medical Components, Inc. | Multi-lumen catheter with detachable locking hub |
TW589170B (en) | 2002-12-25 | 2004-06-01 | De-Yang Tian | Endoscopic device |
US6908427B2 (en) | 2002-12-30 | 2005-06-21 | PARÉ Surgical, Inc. | Flexible endoscope capsule |
US6869398B2 (en) | 2003-01-06 | 2005-03-22 | Theodore G. Obenchain | Four-blade surgical speculum |
US20040186350A1 (en) | 2003-01-13 | 2004-09-23 | Usgi Medical Corp. | Apparatus and methods for guiding an endoscope via a rigidizable wire guide |
US20040136779A1 (en) | 2003-01-13 | 2004-07-15 | Vishal Bhaskar | Connector |
US20040249367A1 (en) | 2003-01-15 | 2004-12-09 | Usgi Medical Corp. | Endoluminal tool deployment system |
US20040138587A1 (en) | 2003-01-15 | 2004-07-15 | Lyons William Lawrence | Specimen collection instrument with inflatable bag |
JP2004219329A (en) | 2003-01-16 | 2004-08-05 | Ntt Docomo Inc | Method, system and instrument for measuring position, and in-vivo wireless device |
US20040225186A1 (en) | 2003-01-29 | 2004-11-11 | Horne Guy E. | Composite flexible endoscope insertion shaft with tubular substructure |
JP4197965B2 (en) | 2003-01-31 | 2008-12-17 | オリンパス株式会社 | High frequency snare and medical equipment |
US7357802B2 (en) | 2003-02-14 | 2008-04-15 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Electrosurgical system with uniformly enhanced electric field and minimal collateral damage |
US7476237B2 (en) | 2003-02-27 | 2009-01-13 | Olympus Corporation | Surgical instrument |
US20040176699A1 (en) | 2003-03-03 | 2004-09-09 | Volcano Therapeutics, Inc. | Thermography catheter with improved wall contact |
JP4414662B2 (en) | 2003-03-03 | 2010-02-10 | オリンパス株式会社 | Closely wound coil and medical treatment tool using the closely wound coil |
EP3222218A1 (en) | 2003-03-17 | 2017-09-27 | Covidien LP | Endoscopic tissue removal apparatus and method |
US9486241B2 (en) | 2003-03-21 | 2016-11-08 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Llc | Trocar seal assembly |
US7105000B2 (en) | 2003-03-25 | 2006-09-12 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical jaw assembly with increased mechanical advantage |
US20040193189A1 (en) | 2003-03-25 | 2004-09-30 | Kortenbach Juergen A. | Passive surgical clip |
US20060041188A1 (en) | 2003-03-25 | 2006-02-23 | Dirusso Carlo A | Flexible endoscope |
US20040193188A1 (en) | 2003-03-25 | 2004-09-30 | Inscope Development, Llc | Laminated surgical clip |
US7972330B2 (en) * | 2003-03-27 | 2011-07-05 | Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha | Methods and apparatus for closing a layered tissue defect |
US8021362B2 (en) | 2003-03-27 | 2011-09-20 | Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha | Methods and apparatus for closing a layered tissue defect |
US7001369B2 (en) | 2003-03-27 | 2006-02-21 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Medical device |
WO2004091377A2 (en) | 2003-03-28 | 2004-10-28 | Downey Earl C | Surgical instrument with trigger control |
US7591783B2 (en) | 2003-04-01 | 2009-09-22 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Articulation joint for video endoscope |
DE10324844A1 (en) | 2003-04-01 | 2004-12-23 | Tuebingen Scientific Surgical Products Gmbh | Surgical instrument with instrument handle and zero point adjustment |
US20040199052A1 (en) | 2003-04-01 | 2004-10-07 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Endoscopic imaging system |
US7008375B2 (en) | 2003-04-03 | 2006-03-07 | Surgical Solutions Llc | Articulating shaft |
US20040199192A1 (en) | 2003-04-04 | 2004-10-07 | Takayuki Akahoshi | Phacoemulsification needle |
GB0307826D0 (en) | 2003-04-04 | 2003-05-07 | Univ London | A device for transfixing and joining tissue |
US20040206859A1 (en) | 2003-04-17 | 2004-10-21 | Chong Ian M. | Apparatuses, systems, and methods for positioning a powered tool |
JP2007503277A (en) | 2003-04-22 | 2007-02-22 | カンポス,ジヨージ・エイ | System, apparatus and method for observing hard-to-see parts of a cavity |
US20040254572A1 (en) | 2003-04-25 | 2004-12-16 | Mcintyre Jon T. | Self anchoring radio frequency ablation array |
JP2004350938A (en) | 2003-05-29 | 2004-12-16 | Olympus Corp | Forceps for endoscope |
US20050143690A1 (en) | 2003-05-01 | 2005-06-30 | High Kenneth A. | Cystotomy catheter capture device and methods of using same |
JP4391762B2 (en) | 2003-05-08 | 2009-12-24 | オリンパス株式会社 | Surgical instrument |
JP4610563B2 (en) | 2003-05-08 | 2011-01-12 | タイコ ヘルスケア グループ リミテッド パートナーシップ | Balloon dissection instrument with balloon tip cannula |
CN1822794B (en) | 2003-05-16 | 2010-05-26 | C.R.巴德有限公司 | Single intubation, multi-stitch endoscopic suturing system |
US7815565B2 (en) | 2003-05-16 | 2010-10-19 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Endcap for use with an endoscope |
US7431694B2 (en) | 2003-05-16 | 2008-10-07 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Method of guiding medical devices |
US7615003B2 (en) | 2005-05-13 | 2009-11-10 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Track for medical devices |
US6978921B2 (en) | 2003-05-20 | 2005-12-27 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical stapling instrument incorporating an E-beam firing mechanism |
US7410483B2 (en) | 2003-05-23 | 2008-08-12 | Novare Surgical Systems, Inc. | Hand-actuated device for remote manipulation of a grasping tool |
US7413563B2 (en) | 2003-05-27 | 2008-08-19 | Cardia, Inc. | Flexible medical device |
JP3854946B2 (en) | 2003-05-30 | 2006-12-06 | オリンパス株式会社 | Endoscope |
DE10325225B4 (en) | 2003-06-04 | 2006-11-16 | Leica Microsystems Semiconductor Gmbh | system Cabinets |
JP4145200B2 (en) | 2003-06-06 | 2008-09-03 | オリンパス株式会社 | Suture device |
EP1643906A2 (en) | 2003-06-12 | 2006-04-12 | University of Utah Research Foundation | Apparatus, systems and methods for diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome |
US7150097B2 (en) | 2003-06-13 | 2006-12-19 | Sherwood Services Ag | Method of manufacturing jaw assembly for vessel sealer and divider |
US7862546B2 (en) * | 2003-06-16 | 2011-01-04 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Subcutaneous self attaching injection port with integral moveable retention members |
US7850660B2 (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2010-12-14 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Implantable medical device with simultaneous attachment mechanism and method |
US7561916B2 (en) | 2005-06-24 | 2009-07-14 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Implantable medical device with indicator |
US20040260315A1 (en) | 2003-06-17 | 2004-12-23 | Dell Jeffrey R. | Expandable tissue support member and method of forming the support member |
US8469993B2 (en) | 2003-06-18 | 2013-06-25 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Endoscopic instruments |
US20040260337A1 (en) | 2003-06-18 | 2004-12-23 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Endoscopic instruments and methods of manufacture |
US6918871B2 (en) | 2003-06-19 | 2005-07-19 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Method for accessing cavity |
DE10328512A1 (en) | 2003-06-20 | 2005-01-13 | Aesculap Ag & Co. Kg | Surgical instrument |
JP4398184B2 (en) * | 2003-06-24 | 2010-01-13 | オリンパス株式会社 | Endoscope |
US7883458B2 (en) | 2003-06-27 | 2011-02-08 | Stryker Corporation | System for remotely controlling two or more medical devices |
GB0315479D0 (en) | 2003-07-02 | 2003-08-06 | Paz Adrian | Virtual ports devices |
JP4266738B2 (en) | 2003-07-02 | 2009-05-20 | オリンパス株式会社 | Ligation device |
US7479104B2 (en) | 2003-07-08 | 2009-01-20 | Maquet Cardiovascular, Llc | Organ manipulator apparatus |
US6786382B1 (en) | 2003-07-09 | 2004-09-07 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical stapling instrument incorporating an articulation joint for a firing bar track |
US20100081875A1 (en) | 2003-07-15 | 2010-04-01 | EndoRobotics Inc. | Surgical Device For Minimal Access Surgery |
US8684967B2 (en) | 2003-07-15 | 2014-04-01 | Medtronic, Inc. | Kink resistant cannula having buckle resistant apertures |
US7066879B2 (en) | 2003-07-15 | 2006-06-27 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Insertable device and system for minimal access procedure |
US8308682B2 (en) | 2003-07-18 | 2012-11-13 | Broncus Medical Inc. | Devices for maintaining patency of surgically created channels in tissue |
US7291127B2 (en) | 2003-07-28 | 2007-11-06 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Variable manipulative strength catheter |
US8753262B2 (en) | 2003-07-29 | 2014-06-17 | Hoya Corporation | Internal treatment apparatus having circumferential side holes |
JP4547184B2 (en) | 2003-07-29 | 2010-09-22 | オリンパス株式会社 | Endoscope adapter and endoscope |
US7623904B2 (en) | 2003-08-06 | 2009-11-24 | Olympus Corporation | Medical apparatus, medical apparatus guide system, capsule type medical apparatus, and capsule type medical apparatus guide apparatus |
US8216252B2 (en) | 2004-05-07 | 2012-07-10 | Usgi Medical, Inc. | Tissue manipulation and securement system |
US7001341B2 (en) | 2003-08-13 | 2006-02-21 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Marking biopsy sites |
GB0319504D0 (en) | 2003-08-20 | 2003-09-17 | Promedics Ltd | Suturing device |
US7763012B2 (en) | 2003-09-02 | 2010-07-27 | St. Jude Medical, Cardiology Division, Inc. | Devices and methods for crossing a chronic total occlusion |
US7154378B1 (en) | 2003-09-11 | 2006-12-26 | Stryker Corporation | Apparatus and method for using RFID to track use of a component within a device |
US20050059963A1 (en) | 2003-09-12 | 2005-03-17 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Systems and method for creating transmural lesions |
US20050059964A1 (en) | 2003-09-12 | 2005-03-17 | Fitz William R. | Enhancing the effectiveness of medial branch nerve root RF neurotomy |
ES2366188T5 (en) | 2003-09-15 | 2017-07-11 | Apollo Endosurgery, Inc | Implantable device fixation system |
DE10342759A1 (en) | 2003-09-16 | 2005-04-14 | Campus Gmbh & Co. Kg | Stent with improved durability |
US20060200005A1 (en) | 2003-09-17 | 2006-09-07 | Levahn Intellectual Property Holding Company, Llc | Low profile, handle-in-between surgical scissors clamp |
US20050065509A1 (en) | 2003-09-22 | 2005-03-24 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Flat electrode arrays for generating flat lesions |
JP4533695B2 (en) | 2003-09-23 | 2010-09-01 | オリンパス株式会社 | Treatment endoscope |
US7035680B2 (en) | 2003-09-23 | 2006-04-25 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Catheter lead placement system and method |
US7753901B2 (en) | 2004-07-21 | 2010-07-13 | Tyco Healthcare Group Lp | Laparoscopic instrument and cannula assembly and related surgical method |
US7588557B2 (en) | 2003-09-24 | 2009-09-15 | Granit-Medical Innovations, Llc | Medical instrument for fluid injection and related method |
US7955355B2 (en) | 2003-09-24 | 2011-06-07 | Stryker Spine | Methods and devices for improving percutaneous access in minimally invasive surgeries |
US6994705B2 (en) | 2003-09-29 | 2006-02-07 | Ethicon-Endo Surgery, Inc. | Endoscopic mucosal resection device with conductive tissue stop |
US7789825B2 (en) | 2003-09-29 | 2010-09-07 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Handle for endoscopic device |
US7169115B2 (en) | 2003-09-29 | 2007-01-30 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Endoscopic mucosal resection device with overtube and method of use |
US7708756B2 (en) | 2003-09-29 | 2010-05-04 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Actuation mechanism for flexible endoscopic device |
US20050070947A1 (en) | 2003-09-30 | 2005-03-31 | Franer Paul T. | Rotational latching system for a trocar |
US7452327B2 (en) | 2003-09-30 | 2008-11-18 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Through the scope tension member release clip |
US7549990B2 (en) | 2003-10-07 | 2009-06-23 | Jerome Canady | Surgical scissors with argon plasma coagulation capability |
US7416549B2 (en) | 2003-10-10 | 2008-08-26 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Multi-zone bipolar ablation probe assembly |
CA2542368A1 (en) | 2003-10-15 | 2005-04-28 | Kabushikikaisha Igaki Iryo Sekkei | Device for delivery of stent for vessel |
US7762949B2 (en) | 2003-10-16 | 2010-07-27 | Granit Medical Innovation, Llc | Endoscope with open channels |
US7150713B2 (en) | 2003-10-16 | 2006-12-19 | Smith & Nephew, Inc. | Endoscopic device |
US7029435B2 (en) | 2003-10-16 | 2006-04-18 | Granit Medical Innovation, Llc | Endoscope having multiple working segments |
US7270663B2 (en) | 2003-10-16 | 2007-09-18 | Granit Medical Innovations, Llc | Medical snare loop with indentations for changing effective size of loop and associated method |
JP2005121947A (en) | 2003-10-17 | 2005-05-12 | Olympus Corp | Object lens insertion fixture, microscope and microscope system |
US20050143774A1 (en) | 2003-10-21 | 2005-06-30 | Polo Oscar R. | Laparoscopic needle manipulator |
US7329383B2 (en) | 2003-10-22 | 2008-02-12 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Alloy compositions and devices including the compositions |
US20050240249A1 (en) | 2003-10-28 | 2005-10-27 | Hosheng Tu | Methods for treating mitral valve annulus with biodegradable compression element |
US20050096502A1 (en) | 2003-10-29 | 2005-05-05 | Khalili Theodore M. | Robotic surgical device |
US7842028B2 (en) | 2005-04-14 | 2010-11-30 | Cambridge Endoscopic Devices, Inc. | Surgical instrument guide device |
US7147650B2 (en) | 2003-10-30 | 2006-12-12 | Woojin Lee | Surgical instrument |
US7686826B2 (en) | 2003-10-30 | 2010-03-30 | Cambridge Endoscopic Devices, Inc. | Surgical instrument |
US7338513B2 (en) | 2003-10-30 | 2008-03-04 | Cambridge Endoscopic Devices, Inc. | Surgical instrument |
CA2543792A1 (en) | 2003-11-05 | 2005-07-14 | Applied Medical Resources Corporation | Multiple-angle scissor blade |
WO2005046487A1 (en) | 2003-11-06 | 2005-05-26 | Nmt Medical, Inc. | Transseptal puncture apparatus |
EP1684641B1 (en) | 2003-11-07 | 2012-02-15 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Endoscopic hemoscopic clipping apparatus |
US7115124B1 (en) | 2003-11-12 | 2006-10-03 | Jia Hua Xiao | Device and method for tissue ablation using bipolar radio-frequency current |
US7780639B2 (en) | 2003-11-12 | 2010-08-24 | Van Lue Stephen J | Magnetic devices and apparatus for medical/surgical procedures and methods for using same |
US20050101838A1 (en) | 2003-11-12 | 2005-05-12 | Camillocci Philip L. | Endoscope cover |
US7524281B2 (en) | 2003-11-17 | 2009-04-28 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Systems and methods relating to associating a medical implant with a delivery device |
WO2005053517A1 (en) | 2003-12-01 | 2005-06-16 | Olympus Corporation | Endoscope system |
US7052489B2 (en) | 2003-12-05 | 2006-05-30 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Medical device with deflecting shaft and related methods of manufacture and use |
US7186265B2 (en) | 2003-12-10 | 2007-03-06 | Medtronic, Inc. | Prosthetic cardiac valves and systems and methods for implanting thereof |
US20050131457A1 (en) | 2003-12-15 | 2005-06-16 | Ethicon, Inc. | Variable stiffness shaft |
US7524302B2 (en) | 2003-12-17 | 2009-04-28 | Numed, Inc. | Prenatal balloon catheter |
US20050149096A1 (en) | 2003-12-23 | 2005-07-07 | Hilal Said S. | Catheter with conduit traversing tip |
PL1696812T3 (en) | 2003-12-24 | 2015-12-31 | Univ California | Tissue ablation with irreversible electroporation |
US20050143803A1 (en) | 2003-12-24 | 2005-06-30 | Medtronic Vascular, Inc. | Protective sheath for drug coated stent |
JP4286127B2 (en) | 2003-12-25 | 2009-06-24 | オリンパス株式会社 | In-subject position detection system |
US7320695B2 (en) * | 2003-12-31 | 2008-01-22 | Biosense Webster, Inc. | Safe septal needle and method for its use |
US7951073B2 (en) | 2004-01-21 | 2011-05-31 | Boston Scientific Limited | Endoscopic device having spray mechanism and related methods of use |
US20050165429A1 (en) | 2004-01-23 | 2005-07-28 | Peter Douglas | Surgical clamp possessing a combined parallel and scissor style clamp head |
US7025721B2 (en) | 2004-01-29 | 2006-04-11 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Endoscope channel cap |
EP1713401A2 (en) | 2004-01-30 | 2006-10-25 | NMT Medical, Inc. | Devices, systems, and methods for closure of cardiac openings |
DE102004005709A1 (en) | 2004-02-05 | 2005-08-25 | Polydiagnost Gmbh | Endoscope with a flexible probe |
US7637903B2 (en) | 2004-02-09 | 2009-12-29 | Cryocor, Inc. | Catheter articulation segment with alternating cuts |
CA2912914C (en) | 2004-02-09 | 2018-04-17 | Gad Terliuc | Endoscope assembly |
US7798960B2 (en) | 2004-02-09 | 2010-09-21 | John C. Jaeger | Speculum |
ITPI20040008A1 (en) | 2004-02-17 | 2004-05-17 | Dino Accoto | ROBOTIC CAPSULE FOR INTRA-BODY BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS |
JP4436698B2 (en) | 2004-02-25 | 2010-03-24 | オリンパス株式会社 | High frequency treatment tool |
US7435229B2 (en) | 2004-02-25 | 2008-10-14 | Wolf Erich W | System for transcutaneous monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP) using near infrared (NIR) telemetry |
US20050192478A1 (en) | 2004-02-27 | 2005-09-01 | Williams James P. | System and method for endoscopic optical constrast imaging using an endo-robot |
JP3967731B2 (en) | 2004-04-06 | 2007-08-29 | オリンパス株式会社 | Capsule endoscope |
WO2005082226A1 (en) | 2004-02-27 | 2005-09-09 | Olympus Corporation | Endoscope |
EP2022417B1 (en) | 2004-02-27 | 2010-04-07 | Applied Medical Resources Corporation | System for actuating a laparoscopic surgical instrument |
US6932824B1 (en) | 2004-03-02 | 2005-08-23 | St. Jude Medical Puerto Rico B.V. | Three-needle closure device |
US7751866B2 (en) | 2004-03-08 | 2010-07-06 | Olympus Corporation | Detecting system of position and posture of capsule medical device |
US7179254B2 (en) | 2004-03-09 | 2007-02-20 | Ethicon, Inc. | High intensity ablation device |
EP1723913A1 (en) | 2004-03-10 | 2006-11-22 | Olympus Corporation | Treatment tool for surgery |
JP2005261514A (en) | 2004-03-17 | 2005-09-29 | Pentax Corp | Beak-like high frequency hemostatic forceps for endoscope |
US7699864B2 (en) | 2004-03-18 | 2010-04-20 | Onset Medical Corporation | Expandable medical access device |
US20050209624A1 (en) | 2004-03-22 | 2005-09-22 | Venkataramana Vijay | Scissors for piercing and cutting anatomical vessels |
US20060142790A1 (en) | 2004-03-23 | 2006-06-29 | Michael Gertner | Methods and devices to facilitate connections between body lumens |
EP1737335B1 (en) | 2004-03-23 | 2013-05-15 | Boston Scientific Limited | In-vivo visualization system |
US7255675B2 (en) | 2004-03-23 | 2007-08-14 | Michael Gertner | Devices and methods to treat a patient |
US7402162B2 (en) | 2004-03-24 | 2008-07-22 | Hoya Corporation | High frequency treatment instrument for endoscope |
US20050216036A1 (en) | 2004-03-29 | 2005-09-29 | Nakao Naomi L | Endoscopic fastening system with multiple fasteners |
US7323006B2 (en) * | 2004-03-30 | 2008-01-29 | Xtent, Inc. | Rapid exchange interventional devices and methods |
US8007495B2 (en) | 2004-03-31 | 2011-08-30 | Biosense Webster, Inc. | Catheter for circumferential ablation at or near a pulmonary vein |
JP4652713B2 (en) | 2004-04-02 | 2011-03-16 | オリンパス株式会社 | Endoscopic treatment device |
US7717847B2 (en) | 2004-04-05 | 2010-05-18 | Tyco Healthcare Group Lp | Surgical hand access apparatus |
AU2005231485B2 (en) | 2004-04-05 | 2010-08-05 | Covidien Lp | Surgical hand access apparatus |
JP2005296412A (en) | 2004-04-13 | 2005-10-27 | Olympus Corp | Endoscopic treatment apparatus |
US20050272977A1 (en) | 2004-04-14 | 2005-12-08 | Usgi Medical Inc. | Methods and apparatus for performing endoluminal procedures |
US8277373B2 (en) | 2004-04-14 | 2012-10-02 | Usgi Medical, Inc. | Methods and apparaus for off-axis visualization |
US7566300B2 (en) | 2004-04-15 | 2009-07-28 | Wilson-Cook Medical, Inc. | Endoscopic surgical access devices and methods of articulating an external accessory channel |
US8517921B2 (en) | 2004-04-16 | 2013-08-27 | Gyrus Acmi, Inc. | Endoscopic instrument having reduced diameter flexible shaft |
US7833238B2 (en) | 2004-04-19 | 2010-11-16 | Granit Medical Innovations, Llc | Endoscopic anchoring device and associated method |
US8092549B2 (en) | 2004-09-24 | 2012-01-10 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Ciliated stent-like-system |
US20070167682A1 (en) | 2004-04-21 | 2007-07-19 | Acclarent, Inc. | Endoscopic methods and devices for transnasal procedures |
US7534228B2 (en) | 2004-04-27 | 2009-05-19 | Applied Medical Technology, Inc. | Bridle catheter with umbilical tape |
US7301250B2 (en) | 2004-05-04 | 2007-11-27 | Stangenes Industries, Inc. | High voltage pulsed power supply using solid state switches |
US7534259B2 (en) | 2004-05-05 | 2009-05-19 | Direct Flow Medical, Inc. | Nonstented heart valves with formed in situ support |
US20060135971A1 (en) | 2004-05-07 | 2006-06-22 | Usgi Medical Inc. | System for treating gastroesophageal reflux disease |
US7736374B2 (en) | 2004-05-07 | 2010-06-15 | Usgi Medical, Inc. | Tissue manipulation and securement system |
US7918869B2 (en) | 2004-05-07 | 2011-04-05 | Usgi Medical, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for performing endoluminal gastroplasty |
WO2005110280A2 (en) * | 2004-05-07 | 2005-11-24 | Valentx, Inc. | Devices and methods for attaching an endolumenal gastrointestinal implant |
US20050251176A1 (en) | 2004-05-07 | 2005-11-10 | Usgi Medical Inc. | System for treating gastroesophageal reflux disease |
US20050250987A1 (en) | 2004-05-07 | 2005-11-10 | Usgi Medical Inc. | Removable apparatus and methods for manipulating and securing tissue |
US7837615B2 (en) | 2004-05-10 | 2010-11-23 | Usgi Medical, Inc. | Shape lockable apparatus and method for advancing an instrument through unsupported anatomy |
US20050267492A1 (en) | 2004-05-12 | 2005-12-01 | Philippe Poncet | Surgical instrument for specimen retrieval |
US20060004409A1 (en) * | 2004-05-14 | 2006-01-05 | Nobis Rudolph H | Devices for locking and/or cutting a suture |
US8388653B2 (en) | 2004-05-14 | 2013-03-05 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | T-type suture anchoring devices and methods of using same |
US20050256524A1 (en) | 2004-05-14 | 2005-11-17 | Long Gary L | RF ablation device and method of use |
US7658738B2 (en) | 2004-05-14 | 2010-02-09 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Medical devices for use with endoscope |
US7846171B2 (en) | 2004-05-27 | 2010-12-07 | C.R. Bard, Inc. | Method and apparatus for delivering a prosthetic fabric into a patient |
US20070078439A1 (en) | 2004-05-27 | 2007-04-05 | Axel Grandt | Multiple lumen catheter and method of making same |
EP1750608B1 (en) | 2004-06-02 | 2012-10-03 | Medtronic, Inc. | Ablation device with jaws |
US7803195B2 (en) | 2004-06-03 | 2010-09-28 | Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research | Obesity treatment and device |
US7066936B2 (en) | 2004-06-07 | 2006-06-27 | Ethicon, Inc. | Surgical cutting and tissue vaporizing instrument |
US7828808B2 (en) | 2004-06-07 | 2010-11-09 | Novare Surgical Systems, Inc. | Link systems and articulation mechanisms for remote manipulation of surgical or diagnostic tools |
US7931661B2 (en) | 2004-06-14 | 2011-04-26 | Usgi Medical, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for performing transluminal gastrointestinal procedures |
US20050274935A1 (en) | 2004-06-14 | 2005-12-15 | Nelson Mark S | Post puller |
US8216255B2 (en) | 2004-06-14 | 2012-07-10 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Endoscopic clip applier actuator |
US7670282B2 (en) | 2004-06-14 | 2010-03-02 | Pneumrx, Inc. | Lung access device |
US7241290B2 (en) | 2004-06-16 | 2007-07-10 | Kinetic Surgical, Llc | Surgical tool kit |
EP1755461B1 (en) | 2004-06-16 | 2014-01-01 | Smith & Nephew, Inc. | Suture passing device |
KR100615881B1 (en) | 2004-06-21 | 2006-08-25 | 한국과학기술연구원 | Capsule Type Endoscope Control System |
US20050288555A1 (en) | 2004-06-28 | 2005-12-29 | Binmoeller Kenneth E | Methods and devices for illuminating, vievwing and monitoring a body cavity |
US20060074413A1 (en) | 2004-06-28 | 2006-04-06 | Kamran Behzadian | Method and apparatus for substantial and uniform ablation about a linear bipolar array of electrodes |
EP1618831A3 (en) | 2004-06-29 | 2006-04-19 | Nippon Cable System Inc. | A moving device in pipe lines |
EP1773177A4 (en) * | 2004-06-30 | 2009-03-25 | James V Sitzmann | Medical devices for minimally invasive surgeries and other internal procedures |
JP2006014960A (en) | 2004-07-01 | 2006-01-19 | Olympus Corp | Endoscope |
US20060004406A1 (en) * | 2004-07-05 | 2006-01-05 | Helmut Wehrstein | Surgical instrument |
EP1614940A2 (en) * | 2004-07-08 | 2006-01-11 | LuK Lamellen und Kupplungsbau Beteiligungs KG | Transmission for a motor vehicle |
US7497867B2 (en) | 2004-07-12 | 2009-03-03 | Jeffrey Lasner | Handles and shafts for manually adjustable scissors and forceps |
US20060015131A1 (en) | 2004-07-15 | 2006-01-19 | Kierce Paul C | Cannula for in utero surgery |
WO2006012630A2 (en) | 2004-07-23 | 2006-02-02 | Calypso Medical Technologies, Inc. | Apparatuses and methods for percutaneously implanting objects in patients |
US20090078736A1 (en) | 2004-07-26 | 2009-03-26 | Van Lue Stephen J | Surgical stapler with magnetically secured components |
US20060025812A1 (en) | 2004-07-28 | 2006-02-02 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical instrument incorporating an electrically actuated pivoting articulation mechanism |
US7857183B2 (en) | 2004-07-28 | 2010-12-28 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical instrument incorporating an electrically actuated articulation mechanism |
US20060036267A1 (en) | 2004-08-11 | 2006-02-16 | Usgi Medical Inc. | Methods and apparatus for performing malabsorptive bypass procedures within a patient's gastro-intestinal lumen |
US7261725B2 (en) | 2005-01-13 | 2007-08-28 | Binmoeller Kenneth F | Endoscopic device with independently actuated legs |
US20060135962A1 (en) | 2004-09-09 | 2006-06-22 | Kick George F | Expandable trans-septal sheath |
US7195631B2 (en) | 2004-09-09 | 2007-03-27 | Sherwood Services Ag | Forceps with spring loaded end effector assembly |
DE102004044119B4 (en) | 2004-09-11 | 2016-11-03 | Olympus Winter & Ibe Gmbh | Video endoscope with rotatable video camera |
US20060064083A1 (en) | 2004-09-17 | 2006-03-23 | Steve Khalaj | Multi-tip probe used for an ocular procedure |
US7540872B2 (en) | 2004-09-21 | 2009-06-02 | Covidien Ag | Articulating bipolar electrosurgical instrument |
US20060095031A1 (en) | 2004-09-22 | 2006-05-04 | Arthrocare Corporation | Selectively controlled active electrodes for electrosurgical probe |
JP4302602B2 (en) | 2004-09-24 | 2009-07-29 | オリンパス株式会社 | Endoscopic treatment tool, endoscopic treatment system, and support adapter |
US7559916B2 (en) | 2004-09-24 | 2009-07-14 | Syntheon, Llc | Catheter with controllable stiffness and method for operating a selective stiffening catheter |
EP1707122B1 (en) | 2004-09-24 | 2010-04-21 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Ultrasonic probe |
US7909809B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2011-03-22 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Devices and methods for agent-assisted medical procedures |
US20060069424A1 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2006-03-30 | Xtent, Inc. | Self-constrained segmented stents and methods for their deployment |
US7887558B2 (en) | 2004-09-28 | 2011-02-15 | Maquet Cardiovascular Llc | Modular vessel harvesting system and method |
JP5393980B2 (en) | 2004-09-28 | 2014-01-22 | サージカル ソリューションズ リミテッド ライアビリティ カンパニー | Suture anchor |
US7967808B2 (en) | 2004-10-07 | 2011-06-28 | Flea Street Translational, Llc | Methods, systems and devices for establising communication between hollow organs and tissue lumens |
JP4756258B2 (en) | 2004-10-07 | 2011-08-24 | 学校法人慶應義塾 | Capillary tube that bends over by light |
US7776035B2 (en) | 2004-10-08 | 2010-08-17 | Covidien Ag | Cool-tip combined electrode introducer |
US7628792B2 (en) | 2004-10-08 | 2009-12-08 | Covidien Ag | Bilateral foot jaws |
ATE397912T1 (en) | 2004-10-11 | 2008-07-15 | Smm Medical Ab | ELECTROACTIVE COMPRESSION BANDAGE |
US7229438B2 (en) | 2004-10-14 | 2007-06-12 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Ablation probe with distal inverted electrode array |
JP4801083B2 (en) | 2004-10-18 | 2011-10-26 | タイコ ヘルスケア グループ エルピー | Structure for applying a sprayable wound treatment material |
WO2006043311A1 (en) | 2004-10-19 | 2006-04-27 | Tokyo Rope Manufacturing Co.,Ltd. | Cable composed of high strength fiber composite material |
DE102004052515B4 (en) | 2004-10-22 | 2019-01-03 | Aesculap Ag | Surgical scissors and method for making a surgical scissors |
US7937143B2 (en) | 2004-11-02 | 2011-05-03 | Ardian, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for inducing controlled renal neuromodulation |
EP1656963B1 (en) | 2004-11-10 | 2007-11-21 | Creganna Technologies Limited | Stent delivery catheter assembly |
US20060217665A1 (en) | 2004-11-18 | 2006-09-28 | Laparoscopic Partners Llc | Surgical instrument seal assembly and triple lead thread |
US20060111704A1 (en) | 2004-11-22 | 2006-05-25 | Rox Medical, Inc. | Devices, systems, and methods for energy assisted arterio-venous fistula creation |
US9700334B2 (en) | 2004-11-23 | 2017-07-11 | Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc. | Articulating mechanisms and link systems with torque transmission in remote manipulation of instruments and tools |
JP4874259B2 (en) | 2004-11-23 | 2012-02-15 | ヌームアールエックス・インコーポレーテッド | Steerable device for accessing the target site |
US7429261B2 (en) | 2004-11-24 | 2008-09-30 | Ablation Frontiers, Inc. | Atrial ablation catheter and method of use |
AU2005311966A1 (en) | 2004-12-01 | 2006-06-08 | Gildenberg, Phillip L. | System and method for tensioning a suture |
US7655014B2 (en) | 2004-12-06 | 2010-02-02 | Cameron Health, Inc. | Apparatus and method for subcutaneous electrode insertion |
US7559887B2 (en) | 2004-12-08 | 2009-07-14 | Patrick Dannan | Tool insertion device for use in minimally invasive surgery |
DE602005015358D1 (en) | 2004-12-15 | 2009-08-20 | Cook Ireland Ltd | X-RAY DENSITY MANIPULATION DEVICES |
GB0427506D0 (en) | 2004-12-15 | 2005-01-19 | George Samuel | Improvements in or relating to specula |
US7565201B2 (en) | 2004-12-17 | 2009-07-21 | Eastern Virginia Medical School | Activation of calcium-mediated cell functions in cells and tissues, including aggregation of human platelets. by nanosecond pulsed electric fields |
US7163525B2 (en) * | 2004-12-17 | 2007-01-16 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Duckbill seal protector |
US20060142798A1 (en) | 2004-12-27 | 2006-06-29 | Holman Thomas J | Device and method for closing an opening in a body cavity or lumen |
US20070225552A1 (en) | 2004-12-28 | 2007-09-27 | Olympus Corporation | Introduction-assisting apparatus for capsule medical device |
US20060142652A1 (en) | 2004-12-28 | 2006-06-29 | Erick Keenan | Concepts using the improved "composite flexible and conductive catheter electrode bands" and their method of construction |
US20060149132A1 (en) | 2004-12-30 | 2006-07-06 | Given Imaging Ltd. | Device and method for in vivo illumination |
US20060149129A1 (en) | 2005-01-05 | 2006-07-06 | Watts H D | Catheter with multiple visual elements |
US20060149131A1 (en) | 2005-01-05 | 2006-07-06 | Sightline Technologies Ltd. | Surgical tool for endoscope |
US8066702B2 (en) | 2005-01-11 | 2011-11-29 | Rittman Iii William J | Combination electrical stimulating and infusion medical device and method |
WO2006078661A1 (en) | 2005-01-19 | 2006-07-27 | Applied Medical Resources Corporation | Disposable laparoscopic instrument |
US20060184161A1 (en) | 2005-02-16 | 2006-08-17 | Usgi Medical Inc. | Flexible shaft system having interchangeable end effectors |
GB2423269A (en) * | 2005-02-16 | 2006-08-23 | Samuel George | Scissors with laterally restrained blades |
US7654431B2 (en) | 2005-02-18 | 2010-02-02 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical instrument with guided laterally moving articulation member |
US7559450B2 (en) | 2005-02-18 | 2009-07-14 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical instrument incorporating a fluid transfer controlled articulation mechanism |
US7559452B2 (en) | 2005-02-18 | 2009-07-14 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical instrument having fluid actuated opposing jaws |
US9089323B2 (en) | 2005-02-22 | 2015-07-28 | P Tech, Llc | Device and method for securing body tissue |
TW200630066A (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2006-09-01 | Chung Shan Inst Of Science | Disposable two-stage endoscope |
US20060200121A1 (en) | 2005-03-03 | 2006-09-07 | Mowery Thomas M | Navigable, multi-positional and variable tissue ablation apparatus and methods |
US20060200169A1 (en) | 2005-03-07 | 2006-09-07 | Kevin Sniffin | Specimen retrieval apparatus and method of use |
US20060200170A1 (en) | 2005-03-07 | 2006-09-07 | Ernest Aranyi | Specimen retrieval apparatus and method of use |
GB0504988D0 (en) | 2005-03-10 | 2005-04-20 | Emcision Ltd | Device and method for the treatment of diseased tissue such as tumors |
US7784663B2 (en) | 2005-03-17 | 2010-08-31 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical stapling instrument having load sensing control circuitry |
US7670336B2 (en) | 2005-03-25 | 2010-03-02 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Ablation probe with heat sink |
US7918848B2 (en) | 2005-03-25 | 2011-04-05 | Maquet Cardiovascular, Llc | Tissue welding and cutting apparatus and method |
US20060217742A1 (en) | 2005-03-28 | 2006-09-28 | Messerly Jeffrey D | Mechanical coupling method |
US7621927B2 (en) | 2005-03-28 | 2009-11-24 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Medical instrument with a mechanical coupling |
US7547310B2 (en) | 2005-03-29 | 2009-06-16 | Tyco Healthcare Group Lp | Specimen retrieval apparatus |
US7670346B2 (en) | 2005-03-29 | 2010-03-02 | Tyco Healthcare Group Lp | Specimen retrieval apparatus |
US7195612B2 (en) | 2005-03-31 | 2007-03-27 | Gordis Corporation | Esophageal balloon catheter with visual marker |
US7931624B2 (en) | 2005-04-05 | 2011-04-26 | Tyco Healthcare Group Lp | Introducer seal assembly with low profile gimbal seal |
IL174531A0 (en) | 2005-04-06 | 2006-08-20 | Given Imaging Ltd | System and method for performing capsule endoscopy diagnosis in remote sites |
US20060247500A1 (en) | 2005-04-08 | 2006-11-02 | Voegele James W | Surgical access device |
JP2006297005A (en) | 2005-04-15 | 2006-11-02 | Yoshimoto Ando | Artificial muscle with double layer structure |
US20060241570A1 (en) | 2005-04-22 | 2006-10-26 | Wilk Patent, Llc | Intra-abdominal medical method |
US8333777B2 (en) | 2005-04-22 | 2012-12-18 | Benvenue Medical, Inc. | Catheter-based tissue remodeling devices and methods |
EP1716810B1 (en) | 2005-04-26 | 2008-10-15 | Niti-on Co., Ltd. | Endoscopic surgical instrument |
US8663236B2 (en) | 2005-04-26 | 2014-03-04 | Usgi Medical Inc. | Transgastric abdominal access |
US20060237023A1 (en) | 2005-04-26 | 2006-10-26 | Usgi Medical Inc. | Transgastric tubal ligation |
US20060264752A1 (en) | 2005-04-27 | 2006-11-23 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Electroporation controlled with real time imaging |
US20060247663A1 (en) | 2005-04-27 | 2006-11-02 | Southern Illinois University Office Of Research, Development And Administration | Laser resistant calculus retrieval device and method of using |
US7645288B2 (en) | 2005-05-05 | 2010-01-12 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Anastomotic ring applier with inflatable members |
US20060264904A1 (en) | 2005-05-09 | 2006-11-23 | Kerby Walter L | Medical device |
DE102005021470A1 (en) | 2005-05-10 | 2006-11-16 | Tracoe Medical Gmbh | Introducer for percutaneous tracheostomy |
US7846107B2 (en) | 2005-05-13 | 2010-12-07 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Endoscopic apparatus with integrated multiple biopsy device |
US7762960B2 (en) | 2005-05-13 | 2010-07-27 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Biopsy forceps assemblies |
US7648457B2 (en) | 2005-05-13 | 2010-01-19 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Method of positioning a device on an endoscope |
US7813590B2 (en) | 2005-05-13 | 2010-10-12 | Given Imaging Ltd. | System and method for displaying an in-vivo image stream |
US20060259010A1 (en) | 2005-05-13 | 2006-11-16 | David Stefanchik | Feeding tube |
US7905830B2 (en) | 2005-05-13 | 2011-03-15 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Sheath for use with an endoscope |
JP2006314703A (en) | 2005-05-16 | 2006-11-24 | Fujinon Corp | Apparatus for supporting laparoscope |
US7666180B2 (en) | 2005-05-20 | 2010-02-23 | Tyco Healthcare Group Lp | Gastric restrictor assembly and method of use |
US7972333B2 (en) | 2005-05-20 | 2011-07-05 | River Seiko Medical Limited Company | High frequency incision tool for endoscope |
DE602006010849D1 (en) | 2005-05-25 | 2010-01-14 | Gyrus Medical Inc | OPERATION INSTRUMENT |
WO2006128017A2 (en) | 2005-05-25 | 2006-11-30 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Devices and methods for the controlled formation and closure of vascular openings |
US20060271042A1 (en) | 2005-05-26 | 2006-11-30 | Gyrus Medical, Inc. | Cutting and coagulating electrosurgical forceps having cam controlled jaw closure |
US8932208B2 (en) | 2005-05-26 | 2015-01-13 | Maquet Cardiovascular Llc | Apparatus and methods for performing minimally-invasive surgical procedures |
US7553278B2 (en) | 2005-06-01 | 2009-06-30 | Cannuflow, Inc. | Protective cap for arthroscopic instruments |
JP2006343510A (en) | 2005-06-08 | 2006-12-21 | Eastman Kodak Co | Lens adapter |
US8641728B2 (en) | 2005-06-13 | 2014-02-04 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Attachment apparatus for coupling with an endoscope |
US20070000550A1 (en) | 2005-06-14 | 2007-01-04 | Osinski Tomas K | Flexible multiple tubing that resists collapsing and kinking |
WO2006134881A1 (en) | 2005-06-14 | 2006-12-21 | Olympus Medical Systems Corp. | Endoscope treating instrument and endoscope treating instrument device |
US20060287666A1 (en) | 2005-06-15 | 2006-12-21 | Usgi Medical Inc. | Apparatus and methods for endoluminal advancement |
CA2612679A1 (en) | 2005-06-20 | 2007-01-04 | Richardo D. Roman | Ablation catheter |
US7618413B2 (en) | 2005-06-22 | 2009-11-17 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Medical device control system |
US7651483B2 (en) * | 2005-06-24 | 2010-01-26 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Injection port |
US7918844B2 (en) | 2005-06-24 | 2011-04-05 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Applier for implantable medical device |
JP2007000463A (en) * | 2005-06-24 | 2007-01-11 | Terumo Corp | Catheter assembly |
EP1902663A4 (en) | 2005-07-08 | 2009-12-16 | Olympus Medical Systems Corp | Apparatus for placing capsule type medical device, apparatus for placing capsule endoscope in the body and capsule type medical device for placement |
AU2006268238A1 (en) | 2005-07-11 | 2007-01-18 | Medtronic Ablation Frontiers Llc | Low power tissue ablation system |
US20070015965A1 (en) * | 2005-07-13 | 2007-01-18 | Usgi Medical Inc. | Methods and apparatus for colonic cleaning |
US7862553B2 (en) | 2005-07-13 | 2011-01-04 | Microline Surgical, Inc. | Tip and shaft connection for medical device |
JP4530931B2 (en) | 2005-07-14 | 2010-08-25 | オリンパス株式会社 | Imaging display system and in-subject indwelling system |
US7618437B2 (en) * | 2005-07-15 | 2009-11-17 | Granit Medical Innovation, Llc | Endoscope retrieval instrument assembly |
DE202006021213U1 (en) | 2005-07-21 | 2013-11-08 | Covidien Lp | Apparatus for treating a hollow anatomical structure |
US7794458B2 (en) | 2005-07-22 | 2010-09-14 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Bipolar radio frequency ablation device with retractable insulator |
US8579176B2 (en) | 2005-07-26 | 2013-11-12 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical stapling and cutting device and method for using the device |
WO2007013059A2 (en) | 2005-07-26 | 2007-02-01 | Ram Weiss | Extending intrabody capsule |
US7548040B2 (en) | 2005-07-28 | 2009-06-16 | Zerog Wireless, Inc. | Wireless battery charging of electronic devices such as wireless headsets/headphones |
JP2007054125A (en) | 2005-08-22 | 2007-03-08 | Olympus Medical Systems Corp | Endoscope |
US20070060895A1 (en) | 2005-08-24 | 2007-03-15 | Sibbitt Wilmer L Jr | Vascular closure methods and apparatuses |
US8920442B2 (en) | 2005-08-24 | 2014-12-30 | Abbott Vascular Inc. | Vascular opening edge eversion methods and apparatuses |
US8052597B2 (en) | 2005-08-30 | 2011-11-08 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Method for forming an endoscope articulation joint |
US7998132B2 (en) | 2005-09-02 | 2011-08-16 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Adjustable stiffness catheter |
US20070051375A1 (en) | 2005-09-06 | 2007-03-08 | Milliman Keith L | Instrument introducer |
US20070135803A1 (en) | 2005-09-14 | 2007-06-14 | Amir Belson | Methods and apparatus for performing transluminal and other procedures |
US20070066869A1 (en) | 2005-09-21 | 2007-03-22 | David Hoffman | Endoscopic assembly including cap and sheath |
US8114113B2 (en) | 2005-09-23 | 2012-02-14 | Acclarent, Inc. | Multi-conduit balloon catheter |
US20070073102A1 (en) | 2005-09-27 | 2007-03-29 | Kiyotaka Matsuno | Endoscope apparatus |
US8758375B2 (en) | 2005-09-28 | 2014-06-24 | Olympus Medical Systems Corp | Method for suturing perforation |
US8702753B2 (en) | 2005-09-28 | 2014-04-22 | Olympus Medical Systems Corp. | Method for suturing perforation and suture instrument |
CA2561034C (en) | 2005-09-30 | 2014-12-09 | Sherwood Services Ag | Flexible endoscopic catheter with an end effector for coagulating and transfecting tissue |
US7520950B2 (en) | 2005-10-06 | 2009-04-21 | Usgi Medical Inc. | Flexible tubular liner coating system |
US20070083192A1 (en) | 2005-10-07 | 2007-04-12 | Eric Welch | Apparatus and method for ablation of targeted tissue |
US8096459B2 (en) | 2005-10-11 | 2012-01-17 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical stapler with an end effector support |
DE602006012117D1 (en) | 2005-10-14 | 2010-03-25 | Applied Med Resources | TISSUE RECOVERY SYSTEM |
US20070173870A2 (en) | 2005-10-18 | 2007-07-26 | Jaime Zacharias | Precision Surgical System |
US20070123840A1 (en) | 2005-10-18 | 2007-05-31 | Usgi Medical, Inc. | Instrument assisted abdominal access |
US8221310B2 (en) | 2005-10-25 | 2012-07-17 | Voyage Medical, Inc. | Tissue visualization device and method variations |
US20070106219A1 (en) * | 2005-10-31 | 2007-05-10 | Andreas Grabinsky | Cleveland round tip (CRT) needle |
JP5121132B2 (en) | 2005-11-02 | 2013-01-16 | オリンパスメディカルシステムズ株式会社 | Endoscope system and operation assist device for endoscope |
JP4394634B2 (en) | 2005-11-07 | 2010-01-06 | Hoya株式会社 | Endoscope clip removal device |
US20070106113A1 (en) | 2005-11-07 | 2007-05-10 | Biagio Ravo | Combination endoscopic operative delivery system |
EP1951101A4 (en) | 2005-11-08 | 2011-09-28 | Univ Columbia | Apparatuses and methods for delivering one or more deliverables into a body |
US20070106317A1 (en) | 2005-11-09 | 2007-05-10 | Shelton Frederick E Iv | Hydraulically and electrically actuated articulation joints for surgical instruments |
WO2007055032A1 (en) | 2005-11-14 | 2007-05-18 | Olympus Medical Systems Corp. | Method of endoscopical diagnosis or treatment and medical device |
US7815659B2 (en) | 2005-11-15 | 2010-10-19 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Suture anchor applicator |
US8876772B2 (en) | 2005-11-16 | 2014-11-04 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Variable stiffness shaft |
US20070167901A1 (en) | 2005-11-17 | 2007-07-19 | Herrig Judson A | Self-sealing residual compressive stress graft for dialysis |
US20070118115A1 (en) | 2005-11-22 | 2007-05-24 | Sherwood Services Ag | Bipolar electrosurgical sealing instrument having an improved tissue gripping device |
US7959627B2 (en) | 2005-11-23 | 2011-06-14 | Barrx Medical, Inc. | Precision ablating device |
SG132553A1 (en) | 2005-11-28 | 2007-06-28 | Pang Ah San | A device for laparoscopic or thoracoscopic surgery |
US20080312502A1 (en) | 2005-12-02 | 2008-12-18 | Christopher Paul Swain | System and Device for in Vivo Procedures |
US7751869B2 (en) | 2005-12-09 | 2010-07-06 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Radiation ablation tracking system and method |
US20070142779A1 (en) | 2005-12-20 | 2007-06-21 | Medtronic Vascular, Inc. | Catheter for guidewire placement |
JP2007167302A (en) | 2005-12-21 | 2007-07-05 | Olympus Medical Systems Corp | Overtube for endoscope and endoscopic system |
US7678043B2 (en) | 2005-12-29 | 2010-03-16 | Given Imaging, Ltd. | Device, system and method for in-vivo sensing of a body lumen |
US7744591B2 (en) | 2005-12-29 | 2010-06-29 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Foam electrode and method of use thereof during tissue resection |
US20070156028A1 (en) | 2005-12-29 | 2007-07-05 | Van Lue Stephen J | Magnetic surgical/oral retractor |
US9833595B2 (en) | 2005-12-30 | 2017-12-05 | Biosense Webster, Inc. | Dual-lever bi-directional handle |
US20070161855A1 (en) | 2006-01-06 | 2007-07-12 | Olympus Medical Systems Corp. | Medical procedure through natural body orifice |
US8518052B2 (en) | 2006-01-06 | 2013-08-27 | Cordis Corporation | Medical delivery system for delivery of a medically useful payload |
EP1980194B1 (en) | 2006-01-06 | 2013-05-08 | Olympus Medical Systems Corp. | Trans-natural opening based or transcutaneous medical system |
US7988618B2 (en) | 2006-01-11 | 2011-08-02 | Olympus Medical Systems Corp | Medical procedure via natural opening |
US9308049B2 (en) | 2006-01-13 | 2016-04-12 | Olympus Corporation | Medical treatment endoscope |
US20070173872A1 (en) | 2006-01-23 | 2007-07-26 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical instrument for cutting and coagulating patient tissue |
TWI285543B (en) | 2006-01-24 | 2007-08-21 | Everest Display Inc | Capsule laparoscope having a mechanism of direction control and releasing |
CA2638029A1 (en) | 2006-01-27 | 2007-08-09 | Medtronic, Inc. | Ablation device and system for guiding said ablation device into a patient's body |
US7575144B2 (en) | 2006-01-31 | 2009-08-18 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical fastener and cutter with single cable actuator |
US7628797B2 (en) | 2006-01-31 | 2009-12-08 | Edwards Lifesciences Corporation | System, apparatus, and method for fastening tissue |
JP2007208781A (en) | 2006-02-03 | 2007-08-16 | Olympus Corp | Imaging apparatus |
US7953326B2 (en) | 2006-02-06 | 2011-05-31 | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution | Systems and methods for underwater optical communication |
US20070191904A1 (en) | 2006-02-14 | 2007-08-16 | Imad Libbus | Expandable stimulation electrode with integrated pressure sensor and methods related thereto |
US20070198057A1 (en) | 2006-02-21 | 2007-08-23 | Daniel Gelbart | Method and device for closing holes in tissue |
JP4980625B2 (en) | 2006-02-21 | 2012-07-18 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Body cavity observation device |
JP5131951B2 (en) | 2006-02-21 | 2013-01-30 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Body cavity observation device |
US20080015413A1 (en) | 2006-02-22 | 2008-01-17 | Olympus Medical Systems Corporation | Capsule endoscope system and medical procedure |
CN102028540B (en) | 2006-02-24 | 2013-04-03 | 泰尔茂株式会社 | Pfo closing device |
JP4425227B2 (en) | 2006-02-28 | 2010-03-03 | Hoya株式会社 | Endoscopic high-frequency treatment instrument |
US8092374B2 (en) | 2006-03-02 | 2012-01-10 | Kevin Smith | Variably flexible insertion device and method for variably flexing an insertion device |
US8109872B2 (en) | 2006-03-03 | 2012-02-07 | Cook Medical Technologies Llc | Endoscopic apparatus having an improved catheter |
US20070208407A1 (en) | 2006-03-06 | 2007-09-06 | Michael Gerdts | Medical device delivery systems |
US20070213754A1 (en) | 2006-03-08 | 2007-09-13 | Olympus Medical Systems Corp. | Incision instrument, incision apparatus, and organ incision method |
US8715281B2 (en) * | 2006-03-09 | 2014-05-06 | Olympus Medical Systems Corp. | Treatment device for endoscope |
ITMI20060443A1 (en) | 2006-03-13 | 2007-09-14 | Ethicon Endo Surgery Inc | DEVICE FOR THE MANIPULATION OF BODY TEXTILE |
EP2001383A4 (en) | 2006-03-17 | 2011-01-19 | Microcube Llc | Devices and methods for creating continuous lesions |
US7815652B2 (en) | 2006-03-21 | 2010-10-19 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical fastener and instrument |
US7918783B2 (en) | 2006-03-22 | 2011-04-05 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Endoscope working channel with multiple functionality |
US7771396B2 (en) | 2006-03-22 | 2010-08-10 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Intubation device for enteral feeding |
US8090451B2 (en) | 2006-03-30 | 2012-01-03 | Medtronic Inc. | Transvenous active fixation lead system |
US7850686B2 (en) | 2006-03-30 | 2010-12-14 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Protective needle knife |
US7579550B2 (en) | 2006-03-31 | 2009-08-25 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Flexible device shaft with angled spiral wrap |
US20070233040A1 (en) | 2006-03-31 | 2007-10-04 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Flexible endoscope with variable stiffness shaft |
US8430811B2 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2013-04-30 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Multiple port surgical access device |
DE102006027873B4 (en) | 2006-06-16 | 2009-10-15 | Erbe Elektromedizin Gmbh | Endoscopic multifunction surgery device |
US8034046B2 (en) | 2006-04-13 | 2011-10-11 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Medical devices including shape memory materials |
US20070244356A1 (en) | 2006-04-17 | 2007-10-18 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Elongate medical devices having an improved distal profile for use with an endoscope |
US8202265B2 (en) | 2006-04-20 | 2012-06-19 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Multiple lumen assembly for use in endoscopes or other medical devices |
US7520876B2 (en) | 2006-04-21 | 2009-04-21 | Entellus Medical, Inc. | Device and method for treatment of sinusitis |
CA2650474A1 (en) | 2006-04-24 | 2007-11-08 | Synecor, Llc | Natural orifice surgical system |
US8518024B2 (en) | 2006-04-24 | 2013-08-27 | Transenterix, Inc. | System and method for multi-instrument surgical access using a single access port |
US7766896B2 (en) | 2006-04-25 | 2010-08-03 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Variable stiffness catheter assembly |
US20080004656A1 (en) | 2006-04-28 | 2008-01-03 | Bovie Medical Corporation | Surgical instrument with detachable tool assembly |
EP2012697A4 (en) | 2006-04-29 | 2010-07-21 | Univ Texas | Devices for use in transluminal and endoluminal surgery |
US7846087B2 (en) | 2006-05-01 | 2010-12-07 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Endoscopic rotation |
US8328836B2 (en) | 2006-05-01 | 2012-12-11 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Flexible endoscopic safety needle |
US20070255303A1 (en) | 2006-05-01 | 2007-11-01 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Integrated Guidewire Needle Knife Device |
US7862582B2 (en) | 2006-05-02 | 2011-01-04 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Suture management |
WO2007131112A2 (en) | 2006-05-03 | 2007-11-15 | Indiana University Research & Technology Corporation | Methods and apparatuses for reshaping the esophagus and other body lumens |
US20070260273A1 (en) | 2006-05-08 | 2007-11-08 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Endoscopic Translumenal Surgical Systems |
US7963912B2 (en) | 2006-05-08 | 2011-06-21 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Endoscopic translumenal surgical methods using a sheath |
US20070260121A1 (en) | 2006-05-08 | 2007-11-08 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Endoscopic Translumenal Surgical Systems |
US20070265494A1 (en) | 2006-05-10 | 2007-11-15 | Boston Scientific Scimed Inc. | Flexible and retractable endoscope elevator |
DE102006058359A1 (en) | 2006-12-05 | 2008-06-12 | Carl Zeiss Surgical Gmbh | Remote control system for medical devices |
US7959642B2 (en) | 2006-05-16 | 2011-06-14 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Medical instrument having a needle knife |
US7927271B2 (en) | 2006-05-17 | 2011-04-19 | C.R. Bard, Inc. | Endoscope tool coupling |
US7549991B2 (en) | 2006-05-18 | 2009-06-23 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Bipolar endoscopic device with parallel electrodes for endoluminal and transluminal haemostasis |
US20070270629A1 (en) | 2006-05-19 | 2007-11-22 | Charles Filipi J | System and techniques for magnetic manipulation of internal organs during minimally invasive surgery |
US7758598B2 (en) | 2006-05-19 | 2010-07-20 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Combination knotting element and suture anchor applicator |
US20070270907A1 (en) | 2006-05-19 | 2007-11-22 | Stokes Michael J | Suture locking device |
RU2008150476A (en) | 2006-05-22 | 2010-06-27 | Конинклейке Филипс Электроникс Н.В. (Nl) | CONTROLLED FLEXIBILITY CASE FOR INJECTION OF THE CATHETER |
US7635373B2 (en) | 2006-05-25 | 2009-12-22 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Absorbable gastric restriction devices and methods |
US20070282165A1 (en) | 2006-05-31 | 2007-12-06 | Karl Storz Endovision | Optically coupled endoscope with microchip |
US9596994B2 (en) | 2006-06-02 | 2017-03-21 | J. William J. Futrell | System and methods for illuminating materials |
US7615067B2 (en) | 2006-06-05 | 2009-11-10 | Cambridge Endoscopic Devices, Inc. | Surgical instrument |
BRPI0602379A (en) * | 2006-06-06 | 2008-01-22 | Luiz Gonzaga Granja Jr | anastomosis prosthesis |
BRPI0602735A (en) | 2006-06-06 | 2008-01-29 | Luiz Gonzaga Granja Jr | anastomosis prosthesis |
DE602007003723D1 (en) | 2006-06-12 | 2010-01-21 | Region Hovedstaden V Herlev Ho | ELEKTRODENEINFÜHREINRICHTUNG |
US8523939B1 (en) | 2006-06-12 | 2013-09-03 | Cardica, Inc. | Method and apparatus for heart valve surgery |
WO2007149588A2 (en) | 2006-06-23 | 2007-12-27 | Amir Belson | Transesophageal implantation of cardiac electrodes |
US7819836B2 (en) | 2006-06-23 | 2010-10-26 | Gi Dynamics, Inc. | Resistive anti-obesity devices |
EP2036108A4 (en) | 2006-06-23 | 2009-07-22 | Cornerstone Res Group Inc | Locking device using shape memory materials |
JP4546424B2 (en) | 2006-07-04 | 2010-09-15 | オリンパスメディカルシステムズ株式会社 | Endoscopic treatment tool |
CA2657435A1 (en) | 2006-07-10 | 2008-07-03 | Medipacs, Inc. | Super elastic epoxy hydrogel |
WO2008007355A1 (en) | 2006-07-13 | 2008-01-17 | Stark Med Gmbh | Trans-douglas endoscopical surgical device (ted) |
US10376314B2 (en) | 2006-07-14 | 2019-08-13 | Neuwave Medical, Inc. | Energy delivery systems and uses thereof |
US7744615B2 (en) | 2006-07-18 | 2010-06-29 | Covidien Ag | Apparatus and method for transecting tissue on a bipolar vessel sealing instrument |
US7815566B2 (en) | 2006-07-20 | 2010-10-19 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Methods for stabilizing and positioning an endoscope and surgical procedures |
US8202295B2 (en) | 2006-07-20 | 2012-06-19 | Kaplan Lee D | Surgical instruments |
US20080022927A1 (en) | 2006-07-28 | 2008-01-31 | Sean Xiao-An Zhang | Microfluidic device for controlled movement of material |
JP2008035909A (en) | 2006-08-01 | 2008-02-21 | Olympus Medical Systems Corp | Insertion aid for endoscope |
DE102006000382A1 (en) | 2006-08-01 | 2008-02-07 | Novineon Healthcare Technology Partners Gmbh | Medical instrument |
US8864809B2 (en) | 2006-08-09 | 2014-10-21 | Coherex Medical, Inc. | Systems and devices for reducing the size of an internal tissue opening |
US20080287801A1 (en) | 2006-08-14 | 2008-11-20 | Novelis, Inc. | Imaging device, imaging system, and methods of imaging |
US7789827B2 (en) | 2006-08-21 | 2010-09-07 | Karl Storz Endovision, Inc. | Variable shaft flexibility in endoscope |
WO2008030788A1 (en) | 2006-09-05 | 2008-03-13 | Wilson-Cook Medical Inc. | Hood member for use with an endscope |
US8678999B2 (en) | 2006-09-11 | 2014-03-25 | Karl Storz Endovision, Inc. | System and method for a hysteroscope with integrated instruments |
US7648519B2 (en) | 2006-09-13 | 2010-01-19 | Cambridge Endoscopic Devices, Inc. | Surgical instrument |
WO2008034100A2 (en) | 2006-09-14 | 2008-03-20 | Lazure Technologies, Llc | Ablation probe with deployable electrodes |
US7965180B2 (en) | 2006-09-28 | 2011-06-21 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Wireless sensor device |
US20080078802A1 (en) | 2006-09-29 | 2008-04-03 | Hess Christopher J | Surgical staples and stapling instruments |
WO2008041226A2 (en) | 2006-10-03 | 2008-04-10 | Virtual Ports Ltd | A clip device, system and method for assisting surgical procedures |
US7892220B2 (en) | 2006-10-04 | 2011-02-22 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Use of an adhesive as an intestinal barrier for bariatrics |
US8603138B2 (en) | 2006-10-04 | 2013-12-10 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Use of an adhesive to treat intraluminal bleeding |
US7674275B2 (en) | 2006-10-05 | 2010-03-09 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Suture anchor |
WO2008045394A2 (en) | 2006-10-05 | 2008-04-17 | Tyco Healthcare Group Lp | Flexible endoscopic stitching devices |
US20080161843A1 (en) | 2006-10-16 | 2008-07-03 | Clague Cynthia T | Vessel support device and method of vessel harvesting |
IL178801A (en) | 2006-10-22 | 2013-11-28 | Jonathan Agmon | Episiotomy aid device |
GB2443261B (en) | 2006-10-26 | 2009-04-22 | Starbridge Systems Ltd | Wax micro actuator |
US20080103527A1 (en) | 2006-10-27 | 2008-05-01 | Martin David T | Flexible endoscopic suture anchor applier |
EP2086426B1 (en) | 2006-11-10 | 2013-07-31 | Cook Medical Technologies LLC | Ring magnets for surgical procedures |
US7935130B2 (en) | 2006-11-16 | 2011-05-03 | Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc. | Two-piece end-effectors for robotic surgical tools |
US8545396B2 (en) | 2006-11-16 | 2013-10-01 | Stryker Corporation | Wireless endoscopic camera |
US20100286791A1 (en) | 2006-11-21 | 2010-11-11 | Goldsmith David S | Integrated system for the ballistic and nonballistic infixion and retrieval of implants |
KR100876647B1 (en) | 2006-11-22 | 2009-01-08 | 주식회사 코렌 | Capsule type image photographing apparatus and endoscopy using the same |
US20080125765A1 (en) | 2006-11-24 | 2008-05-29 | Berenshteyn A | Microwave apparatus for ablation |
WO2008066920A2 (en) | 2006-11-28 | 2008-06-05 | Stryker Development Llc | Gastrotomy closure device |
US9289266B2 (en) | 2006-12-01 | 2016-03-22 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | On-axis drive systems and methods |
US7749161B2 (en) | 2006-12-01 | 2010-07-06 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Hand assisted laparoscopic device |
US7976458B2 (en) | 2006-12-05 | 2011-07-12 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Independent articulating accessory channel |
US7758577B2 (en) | 2006-12-05 | 2010-07-20 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Monopolar resection device and method of use |
US20080140069A1 (en) | 2006-12-07 | 2008-06-12 | Cierra, Inc. | Multi-electrode apparatus for tissue welding and ablation |
US20080140113A1 (en) | 2006-12-07 | 2008-06-12 | Cierra, Inc. | Method for sealing a pfo using an energy delivery device |
JP2008142410A (en) | 2006-12-12 | 2008-06-26 | Olympus Corp | Device introduced inside subject |
US7879004B2 (en) | 2006-12-13 | 2011-02-01 | University Of Washington | Catheter tip displacement mechanism |
US8062306B2 (en) | 2006-12-14 | 2011-11-22 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Manually articulating devices |
US20100016878A1 (en) | 2006-12-15 | 2010-01-21 | Tyco Healthcare Group Lp | Trocar assembly with obturator and retractable stylet |
RU2536280C9 (en) | 2006-12-22 | 2015-06-27 | Мед-Эль Электромедицинише Герэте Гмбх | Method of applying device for treating dysfunction of upper respiratory ways in horses |
US20080171907A1 (en) | 2007-01-12 | 2008-07-17 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Magnetic Tissue Grasping |
US7918785B2 (en) | 2007-01-17 | 2011-04-05 | Olympus Medical Systems Corp. | Medical apparatus, treatment instrument for endoscope and endoscope apparatus |
JP4847354B2 (en) | 2007-01-22 | 2011-12-28 | オリンパスメディカルシステムズ株式会社 | Endoscopic treatment tool |
US20080188710A1 (en) | 2007-02-02 | 2008-08-07 | Olympus Medical Systems Corporation | Capsule medical apparatus and body-cavity observation method |
US20080200933A1 (en) | 2007-02-15 | 2008-08-21 | Bakos Gregory J | Surgical devices and methods for forming an anastomosis between organs by gaining access thereto through a natural orifice in the body |
EP2124800B1 (en) | 2007-02-15 | 2010-11-17 | Hansen Medical, Inc. | Robotic medical instrument system |
US20080200911A1 (en) | 2007-02-15 | 2008-08-21 | Long Gary L | Electrical ablation apparatus, system, and method |
US20080200755A1 (en) | 2007-02-15 | 2008-08-21 | Bakos Gregory J | Method and device for retrieving suture tags |
US7655004B2 (en) | 2007-02-15 | 2010-02-02 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Electroporation ablation apparatus, system, and method |
US20080200934A1 (en) | 2007-02-15 | 2008-08-21 | Fox William D | Surgical devices and methods using magnetic force to form an anastomosis |
US20080200762A1 (en) | 2007-02-16 | 2008-08-21 | Stokes Michael J | Flexible endoscope shapelock |
US8475452B2 (en) | 2007-02-21 | 2013-07-02 | Electromedical Associates, Llc | Instruments and methods for thermal tissue treatment |
GB0703417D0 (en) | 2007-02-22 | 2007-04-04 | Eschmann Holdings Ltd | Electro-surgical systems |
US20080214890A1 (en) | 2007-03-01 | 2008-09-04 | Olympus Medical Systems Corporation | Therapeutic method and therapeutic system used with steps for approaching to lesion using overtube |
US7815662B2 (en) | 2007-03-08 | 2010-10-19 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical suture anchors and deployment device |
US20080221587A1 (en) | 2007-03-09 | 2008-09-11 | Jeremy Schwartz | Two-stage snare-basket medical device |
US20080228213A1 (en) | 2007-03-15 | 2008-09-18 | Terumo Cardiovascular Systems Corporation And Olympus Medical Systems Corporation | Variable size trocar |
US7780691B2 (en) | 2007-03-21 | 2010-08-24 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Endoscopic tissue resection device |
US8075567B2 (en) | 2007-03-22 | 2011-12-13 | Anchor Products Company | Surgical tissue retrieval instrument |
US20080230972A1 (en) | 2007-03-23 | 2008-09-25 | Ganley Robert F | Pipe holding or manipulating tool |
US8377044B2 (en) | 2007-03-30 | 2013-02-19 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Detachable end effectors |
US7950560B2 (en) | 2007-04-13 | 2011-05-31 | Tyco Healthcare Group Lp | Powered surgical instrument |
US20080262524A1 (en) | 2007-04-19 | 2008-10-23 | Searete Llc, A Limited Liability Corporation Of The State Of Delaware | Systems and methods for closing of fascia |
WO2008147603A2 (en) | 2007-04-19 | 2008-12-04 | S.D.M.H.Pty. Ltd. | Devices and methods for thermal ablation of biological tissue using geometric ablation patterns |
US20080262540A1 (en) | 2007-04-19 | 2008-10-23 | Searete Llc, A Limited Liability Corporation Of The State Of Delaware | Systems and methods for approximating surfaces |
US9596980B2 (en) | 2007-04-25 | 2017-03-21 | Karl Storz Endovision, Inc. | Endoscope system with pivotable arms |
US8075572B2 (en) | 2007-04-26 | 2011-12-13 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical suturing apparatus |
US8100922B2 (en) | 2007-04-27 | 2012-01-24 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Curved needle suturing tool |
EP2144569A4 (en) | 2007-04-27 | 2014-03-26 | Cvdevices Llc | Devices, systems, and methods for accessing the epicardial surface of the heart |
US20080275476A1 (en) | 2007-05-04 | 2008-11-06 | Cropper Michael S | Threader for knotting element |
US7875042B2 (en) | 2007-05-04 | 2011-01-25 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Suture anchor loader |
EP3025636B1 (en) | 2007-05-11 | 2017-11-01 | Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc. | Visual electrode ablation systems |
US8052699B1 (en) | 2007-05-15 | 2011-11-08 | Cook Medical Technologies Llc | Viscerotomy closure device and method of use |
US20090198212A1 (en) | 2007-05-16 | 2009-08-06 | Tyler Timberlake | Endoscopic injection needle assembly inluding an endoscopic hood |
EP2155082B1 (en) | 2007-05-17 | 2012-06-20 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Tissue securing and sealing apparatus |
WO2008147773A1 (en) | 2007-05-22 | 2008-12-04 | Schechter David A | Apparatus for attachment and reinforcement of tissue, apparatus for reinforcement of tissue, methods of attaching and reinforcing tissue, and methods of reinforcing tissue |
JP2009006128A (en) | 2007-05-25 | 2009-01-15 | Kazuya Akaboshi | High-frequency treatment instrument |
EP2195070A4 (en) | 2007-05-30 | 2011-10-26 | Critical Care Innovations Inc | Process and device for selectively treating interstitial tissue |
US7798386B2 (en) | 2007-05-30 | 2010-09-21 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical instrument articulation joint cover |
US7549564B2 (en) | 2007-06-22 | 2009-06-23 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical stapling instrument with an articulating end effector |
US20080300461A1 (en) | 2007-05-31 | 2008-12-04 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Endoscopic Device |
US7967842B2 (en) | 2007-06-01 | 2011-06-28 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Integrated securement and closure apparatus |
WO2008151237A1 (en) | 2007-06-04 | 2008-12-11 | Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha | Multi-electrode apparatus for tissue welding and ablation |
JP2008302097A (en) | 2007-06-11 | 2008-12-18 | Hoya Corp | Clip device for endoscope |
US8348827B2 (en) | 2007-06-12 | 2013-01-08 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Specimen removal pouch |
JP4472728B2 (en) | 2007-06-14 | 2010-06-02 | オリンパスメディカルシステムズ株式会社 | Endoscope system |
US7771416B2 (en) | 2007-06-14 | 2010-08-10 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Control mechanism for flexible endoscopic device and method of use |
JP4472727B2 (en) | 2007-06-14 | 2010-06-02 | オリンパスメディカルシステムズ株式会社 | Endoscope device |
JP2008307226A (en) | 2007-06-14 | 2008-12-25 | Olympus Medical Systems Corp | Endoscope system |
US20080308602A1 (en) | 2007-06-18 | 2008-12-18 | Timm Richard W | Surgical stapling and cutting instruments |
US7597229B2 (en) | 2007-06-22 | 2009-10-06 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | End effector closure system for a surgical stapling instrument |
US7604150B2 (en) | 2007-06-22 | 2009-10-20 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical stapling instrument with an anti-back up mechanism |
US8394090B2 (en) | 2007-06-25 | 2013-03-12 | Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha | Medical device |
US8088062B2 (en) | 2007-06-28 | 2012-01-03 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Interchangeable endoscopic end effectors |
JP2009022666A (en) | 2007-07-23 | 2009-02-05 | Hoya Corp | Power supplier of electronic endoscope apparatus, and electronic endoscope apparatus |
WO2009021030A1 (en) | 2007-08-08 | 2009-02-12 | Wilson-Cook Medical Inc. | Distal tip for an endoscope |
US20090054728A1 (en) | 2007-08-21 | 2009-02-26 | Trusty Robert M | Manipulatable guide system and methods for natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery |
WO2009029065A1 (en) | 2007-08-24 | 2009-03-05 | Hazem Ezzat | A surgical device and method |
DE102007040358A1 (en) | 2007-08-27 | 2009-03-05 | Technische Universität München | Trocar tube, trocar, obturator or rectoscope for transluminal endoscopic surgery over natural orifices |
US8568410B2 (en) | 2007-08-31 | 2013-10-29 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Electrical ablation surgical instruments |
US20090062795A1 (en) | 2007-08-31 | 2009-03-05 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Electrical ablation surgical instruments |
US8579897B2 (en) | 2007-11-21 | 2013-11-12 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Bipolar forceps |
US8262655B2 (en) | 2007-11-21 | 2012-09-11 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Bipolar forceps |
US20090062788A1 (en) | 2007-08-31 | 2009-03-05 | Long Gary L | Electrical ablation surgical instruments |
WO2009032623A2 (en) | 2007-08-31 | 2009-03-12 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc | Electrical albation surgical instruments |
US8118738B2 (en) | 2007-09-06 | 2012-02-21 | Daniel Larkin | Vaginal speculum including collapsible and expandable frame |
WO2009036457A1 (en) | 2007-09-14 | 2009-03-19 | Lazure Technologies, Llc | Multi-layer electrode ablation probe and related methods |
JP2009072368A (en) | 2007-09-20 | 2009-04-09 | Olympus Medical Systems Corp | Medical apparatus |
JP2009072367A (en) | 2007-09-20 | 2009-04-09 | Olympus Medical Systems Corp | Medical apparatus |
US8097001B2 (en) | 2007-09-24 | 2012-01-17 | Granit Medical Innovations Llc | Medical instrument with stop motion override and associated method |
US8096998B2 (en) | 2007-09-26 | 2012-01-17 | Ebi, Llc | External fixation tensioner |
JP5635224B2 (en) | 2007-10-09 | 2014-12-03 | オリンパス株式会社 | Biological information acquisition apparatus, biological observation system, and driving method of biological observation system |
US8118821B2 (en) | 2007-10-09 | 2012-02-21 | Cook Medical Technologies Llc | Magnetic anastomosis device having improved delivery |
US8500697B2 (en) | 2007-10-19 | 2013-08-06 | Pressure Products Medical Supplies, Inc. | Transseptal guidewire |
US20090112063A1 (en) | 2007-10-31 | 2009-04-30 | Bakos Gregory J | Endoscopic overtubes |
US20090112059A1 (en) | 2007-10-31 | 2009-04-30 | Nobis Rudolph H | Apparatus and methods for closing a gastrotomy |
US8480657B2 (en) | 2007-10-31 | 2013-07-09 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Detachable distal overtube section and methods for forming a sealable opening in the wall of an organ |
WO2009060460A2 (en) | 2007-11-09 | 2009-05-14 | Given Imaging Ltd. | Apparatus and methods for capsule endoscopy of the esophagus |
US8200334B1 (en) | 2007-11-09 | 2012-06-12 | Pacesetter, Inc. | Systems and methods for remote monitoring of signals sensed by an implantable medical device during an MRI |
US20090131751A1 (en) | 2007-11-20 | 2009-05-21 | Spivey James T | Anal surgical instrument guides |
US20090143794A1 (en) | 2007-11-29 | 2009-06-04 | Conlon Sean P | Tissue resection device |
US20090143649A1 (en) | 2007-11-30 | 2009-06-04 | Physion Srl | Speculum for the electropharmacological treatment of vaginal diseases |
US20090198231A1 (en) | 2007-12-06 | 2009-08-06 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Methods to treat unwanted tissue with electric pulses |
US9066655B2 (en) | 2007-12-07 | 2015-06-30 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Selective stiffening devices and methods |
US8118834B1 (en) | 2007-12-20 | 2012-02-21 | Angiotech Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Composite self-retaining sutures and method |
AU2008340311B2 (en) | 2007-12-21 | 2014-12-18 | Smith & Nephew, Inc. | Cannula |
US20090177219A1 (en) | 2008-01-03 | 2009-07-09 | Conlon Sean P | Flexible tissue-penetration instrument with blunt tip assembly and methods for penetrating tissue |
US8876701B2 (en) | 2008-01-03 | 2014-11-04 | Cook Medical Technologies Llc | Medical systems, devices and methods for endoscopically suturing perforations |
US20090182332A1 (en) | 2008-01-15 | 2009-07-16 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | In-line electrosurgical forceps |
JP4971209B2 (en) | 2008-01-22 | 2012-07-11 | オリンパスメディカルシステムズ株式会社 | Medical equipment |
US20090192344A1 (en) | 2008-01-24 | 2009-07-30 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical devices for manipulating tissue |
US20090192534A1 (en) | 2008-01-29 | 2009-07-30 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Sensor trigger |
JP5258314B2 (en) | 2008-02-01 | 2013-08-07 | テルモ株式会社 | Medical manipulator and medical robot system |
EP2244625B1 (en) | 2008-02-05 | 2018-04-04 | Cook Medical Technologies LLC | Adaptor for endoscopic orientation of an elongate medical device |
US8343041B2 (en) | 2008-05-19 | 2013-01-01 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Integrated locking device with passive sealing |
US8657174B2 (en) | 2008-02-14 | 2014-02-25 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Motorized surgical cutting and fastening instrument having handle based power source |
US20090210000A1 (en) | 2008-02-15 | 2009-08-20 | Sullivan Humbert G | Percutaneous pedicle plug and method of use |
JP5377991B2 (en) | 2008-02-26 | 2013-12-25 | テルモ株式会社 | manipulator |
US8262680B2 (en) | 2008-03-10 | 2012-09-11 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Anastomotic device |
WO2009121017A1 (en) | 2008-03-27 | 2009-10-01 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Balloon catheter for reducing restenosis via irreversible electroporation |
US8540744B2 (en) | 2008-04-01 | 2013-09-24 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Tissue penetrating surgical device |
US20090259105A1 (en) | 2008-04-10 | 2009-10-15 | Miyano Hiromichi | Medical treatment system and suturing method |
US20110224663A1 (en) | 2008-04-23 | 2011-09-15 | Tornier, Inc. | Control circuitry for a tissue ablation system |
WO2012071526A2 (en) | 2010-11-23 | 2012-05-31 | Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. | Irreversible electroporation using tissue vasculature to treat aberrant cell masses or create tissue scaffolds |
WO2009134876A1 (en) | 2008-04-29 | 2009-11-05 | Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. | Irreversible electroporation to create tissue scaffolds |
US8992517B2 (en) | 2008-04-29 | 2015-03-31 | Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties Inc. | Irreversible electroporation to treat aberrant cell masses |
US9198733B2 (en) | 2008-04-29 | 2015-12-01 | Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. | Treatment planning for electroporation-based therapies |
KR101565441B1 (en) | 2008-04-30 | 2015-11-03 | 각코우호우진 지치 이카다이가쿠 | Surgical system for natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery(notes) |
US20090281559A1 (en) | 2008-05-06 | 2009-11-12 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Anastomosis patch |
KR101108569B1 (en) | 2008-05-15 | 2012-01-30 | 전명기 | Electrode for radiofrequency tissue ablation |
US20090287236A1 (en) | 2008-05-16 | 2009-11-19 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Endoscopic rotary access needle |
US8562513B2 (en) | 2008-05-20 | 2013-10-22 | Olympus Medical Systems Corp. | Endoscope device |
JP5188880B2 (en) | 2008-05-26 | 2013-04-24 | オリンパスメディカルシステムズ株式会社 | Capsule type medical device and method for charging capsule type medical device |
US8317806B2 (en) | 2008-05-30 | 2012-11-27 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Endoscopic suturing tension controlling and indication devices |
US8114072B2 (en) | 2008-05-30 | 2012-02-14 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Electrical ablation device |
US8679003B2 (en) | 2008-05-30 | 2014-03-25 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical device and endoscope including same |
US8771260B2 (en) | 2008-05-30 | 2014-07-08 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Actuating and articulating surgical device |
US8070759B2 (en) | 2008-05-30 | 2011-12-06 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical fastening device |
US8652150B2 (en) | 2008-05-30 | 2014-02-18 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Multifunction surgical device |
US8906035B2 (en) | 2008-06-04 | 2014-12-09 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Endoscopic drop off bag |
US8403926B2 (en) | 2008-06-05 | 2013-03-26 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Manually articulating devices |
JP2010012222A (en) | 2008-06-06 | 2010-01-21 | Olympus Medical Systems Corp | Medical apparatus |
US9271796B2 (en) | 2008-06-09 | 2016-03-01 | Covidien Lp | Ablation needle guide |
EP2392251A3 (en) | 2008-06-19 | 2013-02-06 | Olympus Medical Systems Corporation | Magnetically guiding system and magnetically guiding method |
US8795161B2 (en) | 2008-06-25 | 2014-08-05 | Covidien Lp | Button port |
US8361112B2 (en) | 2008-06-27 | 2013-01-29 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical suture arrangement |
JP5204564B2 (en) | 2008-06-30 | 2013-06-05 | オリンパスメディカルシステムズ株式会社 | Medical equipment |
US8357170B2 (en) * | 2008-07-09 | 2013-01-22 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Devices and methods for placing occlusion fasteners |
US20100010303A1 (en) * | 2008-07-09 | 2010-01-14 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Inflatable access device |
US20100010294A1 (en) * | 2008-07-10 | 2010-01-14 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Temporarily positionable medical devices |
US20100010298A1 (en) * | 2008-07-14 | 2010-01-14 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Endoscopic translumenal flexible overtube |
US8262563B2 (en) * | 2008-07-14 | 2012-09-11 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Endoscopic translumenal articulatable steerable overtube |
US8888792B2 (en) * | 2008-07-14 | 2014-11-18 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Tissue apposition clip application devices and methods |
US8727967B2 (en) | 2008-07-18 | 2014-05-20 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Endoscope with guide |
US8221411B2 (en) | 2008-07-28 | 2012-07-17 | Medtronic, Inc. | Systems and methods for cardiac tissue electroporation ablation |
US8211125B2 (en) | 2008-08-15 | 2012-07-03 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Sterile appliance delivery device for endoscopic procedures |
US8529563B2 (en) | 2008-08-25 | 2013-09-10 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Electrical ablation devices |
US20100048990A1 (en) | 2008-08-25 | 2010-02-25 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Endoscopic needle for natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery |
US8241204B2 (en) | 2008-08-29 | 2012-08-14 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Articulating end cap |
US8303581B2 (en) | 2008-09-02 | 2012-11-06 | Covidien Lp | Catheter with remotely extendible instruments |
US8480689B2 (en) | 2008-09-02 | 2013-07-09 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Suturing device |
US20100056862A1 (en) | 2008-09-03 | 2010-03-04 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Access needle for natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery |
US8409200B2 (en) | 2008-09-03 | 2013-04-02 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical grasping device |
US8114119B2 (en) | 2008-09-09 | 2012-02-14 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical grasping device |
JP5161714B2 (en) | 2008-09-19 | 2013-03-13 | オリンパスメディカルシステムズ株式会社 | Medical equipment |
US20100076451A1 (en) | 2008-09-19 | 2010-03-25 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Rigidizable surgical instrument |
US8337394B2 (en) | 2008-10-01 | 2012-12-25 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Overtube with expandable tip |
JP2010093746A (en) | 2008-10-10 | 2010-04-22 | Sony Corp | Solid-state image pickup element and signal processing system |
US9370341B2 (en) | 2008-10-23 | 2016-06-21 | Covidien Lp | Surgical retrieval apparatus |
JP2012508082A (en) | 2008-11-11 | 2012-04-05 | ザ ボード オブ リージェンツ オブ ザ ユニバーシティー オブ テキサス システム | Medical device, apparatus, system, and method |
US8157834B2 (en) | 2008-11-25 | 2012-04-17 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Rotational coupling device for surgical instrument with flexible actuators |
US20100331622A2 (en) | 2008-11-25 | 2010-12-30 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Tissue manipulation devices |
US8172772B2 (en) | 2008-12-11 | 2012-05-08 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Specimen retrieval device |
US20100152725A1 (en) | 2008-12-12 | 2010-06-17 | Angiodynamics, Inc. | Method and system for tissue treatment utilizing irreversible electroporation and thermal track coagulation |
US20100152539A1 (en) | 2008-12-17 | 2010-06-17 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Positionable imaging medical devices |
US8828031B2 (en) | 2009-01-12 | 2014-09-09 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Apparatus for forming an anastomosis |
US8361066B2 (en) | 2009-01-12 | 2013-01-29 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Electrical ablation devices |
WO2010085765A2 (en) | 2009-01-23 | 2010-07-29 | Moshe Meir H | Therapeutic energy delivery device with rotational mechanism |
US20100191050A1 (en) | 2009-01-23 | 2010-07-29 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Variable length accessory for guiding a flexible endoscopic tool |
US20100191267A1 (en) | 2009-01-26 | 2010-07-29 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Rotary needle for natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery |
US8821532B2 (en) | 2009-01-30 | 2014-09-02 | Cook Medical Technologies Llc | Vascular closure device |
US9226772B2 (en) | 2009-01-30 | 2016-01-05 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical device |
US20110306840A1 (en) | 2009-01-30 | 2011-12-15 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Controllable magnetic source to fixture intracorporeal apparatus. |
US8252057B2 (en) | 2009-01-30 | 2012-08-28 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical access device |
US8037591B2 (en) | 2009-02-02 | 2011-10-18 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical scissors |
US20100198248A1 (en) | 2009-02-02 | 2010-08-05 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical dissector |
US20100249700A1 (en) | 2009-03-27 | 2010-09-30 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical instruments for in vivo assembly |
US8632534B2 (en) | 2009-04-03 | 2014-01-21 | Angiodynamics, Inc. | Irreversible electroporation (IRE) for congestive obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) |
WO2010118387A1 (en) | 2009-04-09 | 2010-10-14 | Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. | Integration of very short electric pulses for minimally to noninvasive electroporation |
EP2429642A1 (en) | 2009-05-07 | 2012-03-21 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Application of electric fields to the lung as therapy for pulmonary edema |
US20100298642A1 (en) | 2009-05-19 | 2010-11-25 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Manipulatable guide system and methods for natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery |
US20120101331A1 (en) | 2009-05-28 | 2012-04-26 | Zvika Gilad | Apparatus for delivery of autonomous in-vivo capsules |
US20100312056A1 (en) | 2009-06-03 | 2010-12-09 | Gyrus, ACMI, Inc. | Endoscope shaft |
US8206295B2 (en) | 2009-06-15 | 2012-06-26 | Ashutosh Kaul | Suction-based tissue manipulator |
WO2011022674A2 (en) | 2009-08-20 | 2011-02-24 | Angiodynamics, Inc. | Multi-electrode energy delivery device and method of using the same |
US20110077718A1 (en) | 2009-09-30 | 2011-03-31 | Broadcom Corporation | Electromagnetic power booster for bio-medical units |
US9186203B2 (en) | 2009-10-09 | 2015-11-17 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Method for exchanging end effectors In Vivo |
US20110087224A1 (en) | 2009-10-09 | 2011-04-14 | Cadeddu Jeffrey A | Magnetic surgical sled with variable arm |
US8623011B2 (en) | 2009-10-09 | 2014-01-07 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Magnetic surgical sled with locking arm |
US9295485B2 (en) | 2009-10-09 | 2016-03-29 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Loader for exchanging end effectors in vivo |
US9636251B2 (en) * | 2009-10-09 | 2017-05-02 | Bayer Healthcare Llc | Method and apparatus for endometrial ablation in combination with intrafallopian contraceptive devices |
DE102009049143B3 (en) | 2009-10-12 | 2010-12-30 | Sopro-Comeg Gmbh | Rigid, rod shaped endoscope for examining inner organ of patient, has magnet within inner space, where movement of inner hollow tubes against innermost hollow tube takes place by forces produced by magnet |
US20110093009A1 (en) | 2009-10-16 | 2011-04-21 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Otomy closure device |
US20110098704A1 (en) | 2009-10-28 | 2011-04-28 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Electrical ablation devices |
US20110098694A1 (en) | 2009-10-28 | 2011-04-28 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Methods and instruments for treating cardiac tissue through a natural orifice |
DE102009051408A1 (en) | 2009-10-30 | 2011-05-05 | Ovesco Endoscopy Ag | Medical instrument for setting tissue clips |
US8608652B2 (en) | 2009-11-05 | 2013-12-17 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Vaginal entry surgical devices, kit, system, and method |
US20110112527A1 (en) | 2009-11-06 | 2011-05-12 | Angiodynamics, Inc. | Flexible medical ablation device and method of use |
US20110112434A1 (en) | 2009-11-06 | 2011-05-12 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Kits and procedures for natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery |
US20110115891A1 (en) | 2009-11-13 | 2011-05-19 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Energy delivery apparatus, system, and method for deployable medical electronic devices |
US20110152610A1 (en) | 2009-12-17 | 2011-06-23 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Intralumenal accessory tip for endoscopic sheath arrangements |
US8353487B2 (en) | 2009-12-17 | 2013-01-15 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | User interface support devices for endoscopic surgical instruments |
US8496574B2 (en) | 2009-12-17 | 2013-07-30 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Selectively positionable camera for surgical guide tube assembly |
US20110152878A1 (en) | 2009-12-17 | 2011-06-23 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Interface systems for aiding clinicians in controlling and manipulating at least one endoscopic surgical instrument and a cable controlled guide tube system |
US20110152923A1 (en) | 2009-12-18 | 2011-06-23 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Incision closure device |
US9028483B2 (en) | 2009-12-18 | 2015-05-12 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical instrument comprising an electrode |
US8506564B2 (en) | 2009-12-18 | 2013-08-13 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical instrument comprising an electrode |
US8668686B2 (en) | 2009-12-23 | 2014-03-11 | Biosense Webster (Israel) Ltd. | Sensing contact of ablation catheter using differential temperature measurements |
US20110160514A1 (en) | 2009-12-31 | 2011-06-30 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Electrical ablation devices |
US8512335B2 (en) | 2010-05-20 | 2013-08-20 | Curo Medical, Inc. | High frequency alternating current medical device with self-limiting conductive material and method |
US8721539B2 (en) | 2010-01-20 | 2014-05-13 | EON Surgical Ltd. | Rapid laparoscopy exchange system and method of use thereof |
US9005198B2 (en) | 2010-01-29 | 2015-04-14 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical instrument comprising an electrode |
US20110190764A1 (en) | 2010-01-29 | 2011-08-04 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical instrument comprising an electrode |
CN103079633B (en) | 2010-03-11 | 2016-05-04 | 梅恩斯塔伊医疗公司 | Be used for the treatment of modular stimulator, implanted RF ablation system and the using method of backache |
US20110245619A1 (en) | 2010-04-01 | 2011-10-06 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical access device |
US9627120B2 (en) | 2010-05-19 | 2017-04-18 | The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Texas System | Magnetic throttling and control: magnetic control |
US20110284014A1 (en) | 2010-05-19 | 2011-11-24 | The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Texas System | Medical Devices That Include Removable Magnet Units and Related Methods |
US8473067B2 (en) | 2010-06-11 | 2013-06-25 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Renal denervation and stimulation employing wireless vascular energy transfer arrangement |
US8636730B2 (en) | 2010-07-12 | 2014-01-28 | Covidien Lp | Polarity control of electrosurgical generator |
US9974944B2 (en) | 2010-07-29 | 2018-05-22 | Cameron Health, Inc. | Subcutaneous leads and methods of implant and explant |
US9861350B2 (en) | 2010-09-03 | 2018-01-09 | Ancora Heart, Inc. | Devices and methods for anchoring tissue |
US20120089093A1 (en) | 2010-10-07 | 2012-04-12 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Seal arrangement for minimally invasive diagnostic or surgical instruments |
US20120088965A1 (en) | 2010-10-12 | 2012-04-12 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Magnetically manipulatable surgical camera with removable adhesion removal system |
US20120089089A1 (en) | 2010-10-12 | 2012-04-12 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Methods of magnetically guiding and axially aligning distal ends of surgical devices |
AU2011236083A1 (en) | 2010-10-20 | 2012-05-10 | Maria G. Aboytes | Catheter apparatuses having expandable mesh structures for renal neuromodulation and associated systems and methods |
US20120116155A1 (en) | 2010-11-04 | 2012-05-10 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Light-based, transcutaneous video signal transmission |
US9510895B2 (en) | 2010-11-05 | 2016-12-06 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Llc | Surgical instrument with modular shaft and end effector |
US9877781B2 (en) | 2010-11-19 | 2018-01-30 | St. Jude Medical, Atrial Fibrillation Division, Inc. | Electrode catheter device with indifferent electrode for direct current tissue therapies |
CN103402419B (en) | 2010-12-08 | 2016-07-06 | 基文影像公司 | Magnetically exercisable in-vivo device |
US8771173B2 (en) | 2010-12-14 | 2014-07-08 | Saint Joseph's Translational Research Institute, Inc. | Access device for surgery |
WO2012088149A2 (en) | 2010-12-20 | 2012-06-28 | Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. | High-frequency electroporation for cancer therapy |
US8747401B2 (en) | 2011-01-20 | 2014-06-10 | Arthrocare Corporation | Systems and methods for turbinate reduction |
US20120191075A1 (en) | 2011-01-25 | 2012-07-26 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Method and devices for pulling a tether through an organ wall |
US10092291B2 (en) | 2011-01-25 | 2018-10-09 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical instrument with selectively rigidizable features |
WO2012112622A2 (en) | 2011-02-14 | 2012-08-23 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Jr. University | Apparatus, systems, and methods for performing laparoscopic surgery |
US9314620B2 (en) | 2011-02-28 | 2016-04-19 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Electrical ablation devices and methods |
US9254169B2 (en) | 2011-02-28 | 2016-02-09 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Electrical ablation devices and methods |
US9233241B2 (en) | 2011-02-28 | 2016-01-12 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Electrical ablation devices and methods |
US8632462B2 (en) | 2011-03-14 | 2014-01-21 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Trans-rectum universal ports |
WO2012125785A1 (en) | 2011-03-17 | 2012-09-20 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Hand held surgical device for manipulating an internal magnet assembly within a patient |
US9788890B2 (en) | 2011-05-06 | 2017-10-17 | Minerva Surgical, Inc. | Methods for evaluating the integrity of a uterine cavity |
US20130030430A1 (en) | 2011-07-29 | 2013-01-31 | Stewart Mark T | Intracardiac tools and methods for delivery of electroporation therapies |
US8939969B2 (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2015-01-27 | Kimberly-Clark, Inc. | Electrosurgical device with offset conductive element |
US20130090666A1 (en) | 2011-10-06 | 2013-04-11 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Vacuum assisted tissue manipulation devices and surgical methods |
US20130158348A1 (en) | 2011-12-14 | 2013-06-20 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Introducer for an internal magnetic camera |
US9149172B2 (en) | 2011-12-29 | 2015-10-06 | Given Imaging Ltd. | System and apparatus for anchoring and operation of in-vivo medical devices |
US8986199B2 (en) | 2012-02-17 | 2015-03-24 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for cleaning the lens of an endoscope |
TWI463965B (en) | 2012-03-05 | 2014-12-11 | Gi Shih Lien | Magnetic maneuvering system of capsule endoscope |
US20130245356A1 (en) | 2012-03-15 | 2013-09-19 | Board Of Regents Of The University Of Texas System | Hand held surgical device for manipulating an internal magnet assembly within a patient |
US9364278B2 (en) | 2012-04-30 | 2016-06-14 | Covidien Lp | Limited reuse ablation needles and ablation devices for use therewith |
US9427255B2 (en) | 2012-05-14 | 2016-08-30 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Apparatus for introducing a steerable camera assembly into a patient |
US9078662B2 (en) | 2012-07-03 | 2015-07-14 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Endoscopic cap electrode and method for using the same |
US9545290B2 (en) | 2012-07-30 | 2017-01-17 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Needle probe guide |
US10314649B2 (en) | 2012-08-02 | 2019-06-11 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Flexible expandable electrode and method of intraluminal delivery of pulsed power |
US9572623B2 (en) | 2012-08-02 | 2017-02-21 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Reusable electrode and disposable sheath |
US20140052216A1 (en) | 2012-08-15 | 2014-02-20 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Methods for promoting wound healing |
US9277957B2 (en) | 2012-08-15 | 2016-03-08 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Electrosurgical devices and methods |
US10098527B2 (en) | 2013-02-27 | 2018-10-16 | Ethidcon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | System for performing a minimally invasive surgical procedure |
-
2009
- 2009-12-18 US US12/641,837 patent/US9028483B2/en active Active
-
2010
- 2010-12-14 WO PCT/US2010/060325 patent/WO2011075482A2/en active Application Filing
-
2015
- 2015-04-24 US US14/695,824 patent/US10098691B2/en active Active
-
2018
- 2018-06-28 US US16/021,479 patent/US20180303541A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6967462B1 (en) | 2003-06-05 | 2005-11-22 | Nasa Glenn Research Center | Charging of devices by microwave power beaming |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2020094622A1 (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2020-05-14 | Region Hovedstaden V/Herlev Hospital | An electrode assembly for improved electric field distribution |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US10098691B2 (en) | 2018-10-16 |
WO2011075482A3 (en) | 2011-10-27 |
US20180303541A1 (en) | 2018-10-25 |
US9028483B2 (en) | 2015-05-12 |
US20150230858A1 (en) | 2015-08-20 |
US20110152859A1 (en) | 2011-06-23 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20180303541A1 (en) | Surgical instrument comprising an electrode | |
US8506564B2 (en) | Surgical instrument comprising an electrode | |
US10779882B2 (en) | Electrical ablation devices | |
US10278761B2 (en) | Electrical ablation devices and methods | |
US9005198B2 (en) | Surgical instrument comprising an electrode | |
US9788888B2 (en) | Endoscopic cap electrode and method for using the same | |
US20180360535A1 (en) | Electrical ablation devices | |
US9314620B2 (en) | Electrical ablation devices and methods | |
US20170119465A1 (en) | Electrical ablation devices comprising an injector catheter electrode | |
US20110190764A1 (en) | Surgical instrument comprising an electrode | |
US20090062788A1 (en) | Electrical ablation surgical instruments | |
US20090062795A1 (en) | Electrical ablation surgical instruments |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 10799174 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 10799174 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 10799174 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A2 |