WO2009027725A1 - Antenna calibration - Google Patents

Antenna calibration Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2009027725A1
WO2009027725A1 PCT/GB2008/050686 GB2008050686W WO2009027725A1 WO 2009027725 A1 WO2009027725 A1 WO 2009027725A1 GB 2008050686 W GB2008050686 W GB 2008050686W WO 2009027725 A1 WO2009027725 A1 WO 2009027725A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
elements
calibration
array
antenna
array antenna
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2008/050686
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Michael Andrew Scott
Original Assignee
Bae Systems Plc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB0716969A external-priority patent/GB0716969D0/en
Application filed by Bae Systems Plc filed Critical Bae Systems Plc
Priority to EP08788657A priority Critical patent/EP2183820A1/en
Priority to US12/302,148 priority patent/US8004457B2/en
Priority to AU2008291900A priority patent/AU2008291900A1/en
Publication of WO2009027725A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009027725A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/267—Phased-array testing or checking devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to antenna calibration for active, phased array antennas. Specifically, the present invention relates to a built in apparatus for autonomous monitoring of the operational condition of the elements of an antenna array.
  • a known method of calibrating an array antenna is to use calibration coupler manifolds 150, as shown in Figure 1 , at each of the elements 140 in the array.
  • a known antenna element comprising a receiver 110, array cabling 120 and various active components 130.
  • a calibration signal from a central source is split many ways in the manifold and a nominally-equal proportion is coupled into each element channel at some point behind the radiating element.
  • the signal level at the receiver(s) 1 10 can then be adjusted accordingly to produce the desired performance characteristics for the array antenna.
  • calibration coupler manifolds 150 When using a calibration coupler, a portion of the element channel 140 is not included in the calibration process.
  • One problem with calibration coupler manifolds 150 is that they are relatively large devices and so cause problems in the design of an array antenna which incorporates them.
  • Another problem with calibration coupler manifolds 150 is that the coupling factors at each channel have individual variability which needs to be removed to achieve optimum performance, i.e. the accuracy of antenna calibration is limited to the extent that the individual manifold outputs are known.
  • another known method for calibrating an array antenna is to use an external scanner. This involves placing an external scanning apparatus in front of the array face and scanning the properties of each radiating element of the array in turn by moving the scanner over each radiating element and measuring the radiation it produces and/or receives. It has many moving parts which require maintenance, especially because the equipment usually operates in exposed environments as this is where equipment employing phased array antennas is usually operated. In addition, this is a slow process and requires normal use of the equipment to stop while calibration is performed.
  • the present invention provides a method of continuous online monitoring of each element in an array antenna comprising the steps of: (i) transmitting known test signals to one or more elements of the array antenna; (ii) monitoring responses of the elements to the test signals; and (iii)comparing the response with expected responses for the elements to determine an operation condition of the elements.
  • An advantage of the present invention is that the operational condition of the transmit/receive elements in an antenna array can be continuously monitored in the periods where it is not actively being used, while not precluding the array from active use as the monitoring signals may be interspersed among usual operational transmissions. Additionally, the present invention does not introduce extra equipment to the array, e.g. calibration coupler manifolds, that itself requires further calibration to prevent accuracy limitations.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a known calibration coupler manifold
  • Figure 2 is a diagram of an array face with four calibration antennas mounted around the edge of the array face according to a specific embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a diagram of an array face with four calibration antennas mounted around the edge of the array face showing the overlapping coverage areas of each calibration antennas according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a diagram of an array face with four calibration antennas mounted around the edge of the array face showing the overlapping coverage areas of two calibration antennas according to a specific embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG 2 there is shown an array face 250 having four calibration antennas 210, 220, 230, 240 fixed at each corner of the array face 250.
  • the calibration antennas 210, 220, 230, 240 are low directivity open wave guide antennas in fixed, known, locations around the array face 250.
  • the calibration antennas 210, 220, 230, 240 are mounted to allow a degree of overlap in coverage area of the array face 250 such that all portions of the array face 250 are covered by at least one calibration antenna 210, 220, 230, 240.
  • FIG 3 an example of the overlap in coverage areas 215, 225, 235,
  • the calibration antennas 210, 220, 230, 240 need to self- calibrate: this is performed in pairs, using the overlapping coverage areas between each pair, in turn, to check each calibration antenna 210, 220, 230, 240 against a common antenna element in the array face 250.
  • the self- calibration method is as follows: Three antenna elements 410, 420, 430 in the region of the array face
  • each antenna element 410, 420, 430 radiates a known signal in sequence.
  • the radiated signals are detected by both calibration antennas 210, 220.
  • the received signals at each calibration antenna 210, 220 are compared to that of the other respective calibration antenna 220, 210 and the known radiated signal.
  • the process then repeats with a different pair of calibration antennas 220, 230, selecting different antenna elements 430, 440, 450 to radiate the known signal.
  • a calibration coefficient for each calibration antenna 210, 220, 230, 240 is determined to produce the same output at each calibration antenna 210, 220, 230, 240 for a given input.
  • the calibration coefficient is the difference between the desired signal and the achieved detected signal and once applied will align the gains and phases of the array.
  • each antenna element in the array 250 radiates a known signal in sequence.
  • the radiated signals are detected by a designated calibration antenna 210, for example, in whose quadrant the particular element is situated.
  • the received signal at the calibration antenna 210 is compared to desired response to the known radiated signal. The process then repeats with all remaining elements in the array, selecting different calibration antennas 210,
  • Each array has a first pass scan performed when it is first assembled at, for example, the factory that has assembled the array. This first pass scan creates one or more first pass coefficients for either portion of the array and/or the entire array. Using the calibration antennas mounted around the array, once these have been self-calibrated, the values for these coefficients can be computed.
  • Test signals may then be routed to each of these radiators in turn, which illuminate the array elements at high angles of incidence.
  • the elements' responses to these test signals may then by used as a guide to their operational condition.
  • the test signals may be interspersed during normal operational transmissions and hence offer a continuous on-line monitoring process.
  • the full RF chain is tested, comprising active antenna element (including attenuator and phase shifter functions), beamformer, transmit output power, receive gain, and attenuator and phase shifter accuracy on every element can be monitored.

Abstract

The present invention relates to antenna calibration for active phased array antennas. Specifically, the present invention relates to a built in apparatus for autonomous antenna calibration Accordingly, the present invention provides a method of continuous on- line monitoring of each element in an array antenna comprising the steps of: (i) transmitting known test signals to one or more elements of the array antenna; (ii) monitoring responses of the elements to the test signals; and (iii)comparing the response with expected responses for the elements to determine an operation condition of the elements.

Description

ANTENNA CALIBRATION
The present invention relates to antenna calibration for active, phased array antennas. Specifically, the present invention relates to a built in apparatus for autonomous monitoring of the operational condition of the elements of an antenna array.
A known method of calibrating an array antenna is to use calibration coupler manifolds 150, as shown in Figure 1 , at each of the elements 140 in the array. Referring to Figure 1 , there is shown a known antenna element comprising a receiver 110, array cabling 120 and various active components 130. A calibration signal from a central source is split many ways in the manifold and a nominally-equal proportion is coupled into each element channel at some point behind the radiating element. The signal level at the receiver(s) 1 10 can then be adjusted accordingly to produce the desired performance characteristics for the array antenna.
When using a calibration coupler, a portion of the element channel 140 is not included in the calibration process. One problem with calibration coupler manifolds 150 is that they are relatively large devices and so cause problems in the design of an array antenna which incorporates them. Another problem with calibration coupler manifolds 150 is that the coupling factors at each channel have individual variability which needs to be removed to achieve optimum performance, i.e. the accuracy of antenna calibration is limited to the extent that the individual manifold outputs are known. Alternatively, another known method for calibrating an array antenna is to use an external scanner. This involves placing an external scanning apparatus in front of the array face and scanning the properties of each radiating element of the array in turn by moving the scanner over each radiating element and measuring the radiation it produces and/or receives. It has many moving parts which require maintenance, especially because the equipment usually operates in exposed environments as this is where equipment employing phased array antennas is usually operated. In addition, this is a slow process and requires normal use of the equipment to stop while calibration is performed.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a method of continuous online monitoring of each element in an array antenna comprising the steps of: (i) transmitting known test signals to one or more elements of the array antenna; (ii) monitoring responses of the elements to the test signals; and (iii)comparing the response with expected responses for the elements to determine an operation condition of the elements.
An advantage of the present invention is that the operational condition of the transmit/receive elements in an antenna array can be continuously monitored in the periods where it is not actively being used, while not precluding the array from active use as the monitoring signals may be interspersed among usual operational transmissions. Additionally, the present invention does not introduce extra equipment to the array, e.g. calibration coupler manifolds, that itself requires further calibration to prevent accuracy limitations.
Specific embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying drawings that have like reference numerals, wherein :-
Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a known calibration coupler manifold; Figure 2 is a diagram of an array face with four calibration antennas mounted around the edge of the array face according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 3 is a diagram of an array face with four calibration antennas mounted around the edge of the array face showing the overlapping coverage areas of each calibration antennas according to a specific embodiment of the present invention; and
Figure 4 is a diagram of an array face with four calibration antennas mounted around the edge of the array face showing the overlapping coverage areas of two calibration antennas according to a specific embodiment of the present invention; A first embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to Figures 2 to 4:
In Figure 2, there is shown an array face 250 having four calibration antennas 210, 220, 230, 240 fixed at each corner of the array face 250. The calibration antennas 210, 220, 230, 240 are low directivity open wave guide antennas in fixed, known, locations around the array face 250. The calibration antennas 210, 220, 230, 240 are mounted to allow a degree of overlap in coverage area of the array face 250 such that all portions of the array face 250 are covered by at least one calibration antenna 210, 220, 230, 240. In Figure 3, an example of the overlap in coverage areas 215, 225, 235,
245 between all of the calibration antennas 210, 220, 230, 240 is shown - the entire array face 250 is covered by at least one calibration antenna 210, 220, 230, 240. In Figure 4, the respective coverage areas 215, 225 of just two of the calibration antennas 210, 220 is shown. Initially, the calibration antennas 210, 220, 230, 240 need to self- calibrate: this is performed in pairs, using the overlapping coverage areas between each pair, in turn, to check each calibration antenna 210, 220, 230, 240 against a common antenna element in the array face 250. The self- calibration method is as follows: Three antenna elements 410, 420, 430 in the region of the array face
250 that is within range of the two calibration antennas 210, 220 to be calibrated are arbitrarily selected. For illustration, the following procedure is described with the elements in transmit mode; the same procedure is carried out in receive mode, with the transmit and receive roles of the elements and the calibration antennas reversed. Each antenna element 410, 420, 430 radiates a known signal in sequence. The radiated signals are detected by both calibration antennas 210, 220. The received signals at each calibration antenna 210, 220 are compared to that of the other respective calibration antenna 220, 210 and the known radiated signal. The process then repeats with a different pair of calibration antennas 220, 230, selecting different antenna elements 430, 440, 450 to radiate the known signal. Once all neighbouring pairs of calibration - A - antennas 210, 220, 230, 240 have been through this process, a calibration coefficient for each calibration antenna 210, 220, 230, 240 is determined to produce the same output at each calibration antenna 210, 220, 230, 240 for a given input. The calibration coefficient is the difference between the desired signal and the achieved detected signal and once applied will align the gains and phases of the array.
The calibration process that occurs during normal operation repeats the as follows, with reference to Figure 3:
For illustration, the following procedure is described with the elements in transmit mode; the same procedure is carried out in receive mode, with the transmit and receive roles of the elements and the calibration antennas reversed. Each antenna element in the array 250 radiates a known signal in sequence. The radiated signals are detected by a designated calibration antenna 210, for example, in whose quadrant the particular element is situated. The received signal at the calibration antenna 210 is compared to desired response to the known radiated signal. The process then repeats with all remaining elements in the array, selecting different calibration antennas 210,
220, 230, 240 to radiate the known signal. Once all elements have been through this process, a calibration coefficient for each element is determined to produce the desired output at each calibration antenna 210, 220, 230, 240 for a given input.
Each array has a first pass scan performed when it is first assembled at, for example, the factory that has assembled the array. This first pass scan creates one or more first pass coefficients for either portion of the array and/or the entire array. Using the calibration antennas mounted around the array, once these have been self-calibrated, the values for these coefficients can be computed.
In a second embodiment, by incorporating the fixed auxiliary radiators of the above embodiment at intervals around the periphery of the array, a means of coupling RF energy into the antenna elements from the array is introduced.
Test signals may then be routed to each of these radiators in turn, which illuminate the array elements at high angles of incidence. The elements' responses to these test signals may then by used as a guide to their operational condition. The test signals may be interspersed during normal operational transmissions and hence offer a continuous on-line monitoring process. In the systems of the first and second embodiments of the present invention, the full RF chain is tested, comprising active antenna element (including attenuator and phase shifter functions), beamformer, transmit output power, receive gain, and attenuator and phase shifter accuracy on every element can be monitored. It is to be understood that any feature described in relation to any one embodiment may be used alone, or in combination with other features described, and may also be used in combination with one or more features of any other of the embodiments, or any combination of any other of the embodiments. Furthermore, equivalents and modifications not described above may also be employed without departing from the scope of the invention, which is defined in the accompanying claims.

Claims

Claims
1. A method of continuous on-line monitoring of each element in an array antenna comprising the steps of: (i) transmitting known test signals to one or more elements of the array antenna;
(ii) monitoring responses of the elements to the test signals.
(iii) comparing the response with expected responses for the elements to determine an operation condition of the elements.
2. A method of continuous on-line monitoring according to any previous claim wherein the test signals are transmitted to one or more elements of the array antenna using one or more calibration antennas mounted around the face of the array antenna.
3. A method of continuous on-line monitoring according to any previous claim wherein the test signals are transmitted to one or more elements of the array antenna using one or more calibration antennas mounted around the face of the array antenna such that the elements are illuminated at high angles of incidence.
4. A method of continuous on-line monitoring according to any previous claim wherein the test signals are interspersed during normal operation of the array antenna.
5. A method of continuous on-line monitoring substantially as hereinbefore described in relation to Figure 2 to 4.
PCT/GB2008/050686 2007-08-31 2008-08-08 Antenna calibration WO2009027725A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08788657A EP2183820A1 (en) 2007-08-31 2008-08-08 Antenna calibration
US12/302,148 US8004457B2 (en) 2007-08-31 2008-08-08 Antenna calibration
AU2008291900A AU2008291900A1 (en) 2007-08-31 2008-08-08 Antenna calibration

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP07253442.3 2007-08-31
GB0716969.1 2007-08-31
GB0716969A GB0716969D0 (en) 2007-08-31 2007-08-31 Antenna calibration
EP07253442 2007-08-31

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009027725A1 true WO2009027725A1 (en) 2009-03-05

Family

ID=39722000

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2008/050686 WO2009027725A1 (en) 2007-08-31 2008-08-08 Antenna calibration

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US8004457B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2183820A1 (en)
AU (1) AU2008291900A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2009027725A1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3062242A1 (en) * 2017-01-26 2018-07-27 Thales DEVICE FOR TRANSMITTING RADIO SIGNALS TO STIMULATE A SYSTEM FOR RECEIVING SUCH SIGNALS BY ITS AERIALS
CN112385086A (en) * 2018-07-06 2021-02-19 华为技术有限公司 Method and apparatus for calibrating phased array antenna

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITTO20111108A1 (en) * 2010-12-22 2012-06-23 Selex Sistemi Integrati Spa CALIBRATION OF ACTIVE TOWEL ANTENNAS WITH BEAM ELECTRONIC SCANNING
US8686896B2 (en) * 2011-02-11 2014-04-01 Src, Inc. Bench-top measurement method, apparatus and system for phased array radar apparatus calibration

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2199447A (en) * 1984-10-25 1988-07-06 Stc Plc Monitoring arrangement for a receive array system
EP0812027A2 (en) * 1996-06-06 1997-12-10 HE HOLDINGS, INC. dba HUGHES ELECTRONICS Calibration method for satellite communications payloads using hybrid matrices
WO1998052248A1 (en) * 1997-05-16 1998-11-19 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson Method and device for antenna calibration
WO2004025321A1 (en) 2002-09-11 2004-03-25 Lockheed Martin Corporation Cce calibration with an array of calibration probes interleaved with the array antenna
US20060192710A1 (en) * 2003-07-30 2006-08-31 Christian Schieblich Antennas array calibration arrangement and method
EP1724875A1 (en) * 2005-05-19 2006-11-22 Fujitsu Limited Array antenna calibration apparatus and method

Family Cites Families (48)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5412414A (en) 1988-04-08 1995-05-02 Martin Marietta Corporation Self monitoring/calibrating phased array radar and an interchangeable, adjustable transmit/receive sub-assembly
DE3934155C2 (en) 1988-10-13 1999-10-07 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Method for measuring an amplitude and a phase of each antenna element of a phase-controlled antenna arrangement and antenna arrangement for performing the method
US5235342A (en) * 1989-08-30 1993-08-10 Gec-Marconi, Ltd. Antenna array with system for locating and adjusting phase centers of elements of the antenna array
US5001675A (en) * 1989-09-13 1991-03-19 Teleco Oilfield Services Inc. Phase and amplitude calibration system for electromagnetic propagation based earth formation evaluation instruments
US5253188A (en) * 1991-04-19 1993-10-12 Hughes Aircraft Company Built-in system for antenna calibration, performance monitoring and fault isolation of phased array antenna using signal injections and RF switches
CA2063914C (en) * 1991-06-12 2002-07-16 George S. Cohen Multiple beam antenna and beamforming network
MX9605934A (en) 1994-06-03 1997-12-31 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Antenna array calibration.
US6157343A (en) * 1996-09-09 2000-12-05 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson Antenna array calibration
US5530449A (en) * 1994-11-18 1996-06-25 Hughes Electronics Phased array antenna management system and calibration method
US5532706A (en) * 1994-12-05 1996-07-02 Hughes Electronics Antenna array of radiators with plural orthogonal ports
NL9500580A (en) * 1995-03-27 1996-11-01 Hollandse Signaalapparaten Bv Phased array antenna equipped with a calibration network.
US5677696A (en) * 1995-07-07 1997-10-14 General Electric Company Method and apparatus for remotely calibrating a phased array system used for satellite communication using a unitary transform encoder
US5572219A (en) * 1995-07-07 1996-11-05 General Electric Company Method and apparatus for remotely calibrating a phased array system used for satellite communication
US6054951A (en) * 1995-08-28 2000-04-25 Sypniewski; Jozef Multi-dimensional tracking sensor
US5657023A (en) * 1996-05-02 1997-08-12 Hughes Electronics Self-phase up of array antennas with non-uniform element mutual coupling and arbitrary lattice orientation
US5809063A (en) * 1996-10-25 1998-09-15 General Electric Company Coherent detection architecture for remote calibration of coherent systems using direct sequence spread spectrum transmission of reference and calibration signals
US6232918B1 (en) * 1997-01-08 2001-05-15 Us Wireless Corporation Antenna array calibration in wireless communication systems
US5864317A (en) 1997-05-23 1999-01-26 Raytheon Company Simplified quadrant-partitioned array architecture and measure sequence to support mutual-coupling based calibration
US5867123A (en) * 1997-06-19 1999-02-02 Motorola, Inc. Phased array radio frequency (RF) built-in-test equipment (BITE) apparatus and method of operation therefor
US6037898A (en) * 1997-10-10 2000-03-14 Arraycomm, Inc. Method and apparatus for calibrating radio frequency base stations using antenna arrays
US5929810A (en) * 1997-12-19 1999-07-27 Northrop Grumman Corporation In-flight antenna optimization
US5861843A (en) * 1997-12-23 1999-01-19 Hughes Electronics Corporation Phase array calibration orthogonal phase sequence
US6208287B1 (en) 1998-03-16 2001-03-27 Raytheoncompany Phased array antenna calibration system and method
US6252542B1 (en) 1998-03-16 2001-06-26 Thomas V. Sikina Phased array antenna calibration system and method using array clusters
US5929809A (en) * 1998-04-07 1999-07-27 Motorola, Inc. Method and system for calibration of sectionally assembled phased array antennas
US6615024B1 (en) * 1998-05-01 2003-09-02 Arraycomm, Inc. Method and apparatus for determining signatures for calibrating a communication station having an antenna array
US6163296A (en) * 1999-07-12 2000-12-19 Lockheed Martin Corp. Calibration and integrated beam control/conditioning system for phased-array antennas
US6084545A (en) * 1999-07-12 2000-07-04 Lockheed Martin Corporation Near-field calibration system for phase-array antennas
JP4303373B2 (en) * 1999-09-14 2009-07-29 株式会社日立コミュニケーションテクノロジー Wireless base station equipment
US6489923B1 (en) * 1999-09-16 2002-12-03 Nortel Networks Limited Position location method and apparatus for a mobile telecommunications system
JP3567976B2 (en) * 2000-03-07 2004-09-22 日本電気株式会社 Array antenna receiver
US6356233B1 (en) * 2000-12-12 2002-03-12 Lockheed Martin Corporation Structure for an array antenna, and calibration method therefor
US6407711B1 (en) 2001-04-24 2002-06-18 Science And Applied Technology, Inc. Antenna array apparatus with conformal mounting structure
KR100444822B1 (en) * 2001-08-07 2004-08-18 한국전자통신연구원 Apparatus for Calibration in Adaptive Array Antenna and Method Thereof
US6636173B2 (en) * 2001-12-20 2003-10-21 Lockheed Martin Corporation Calibration system and method for phased array antenna using near-field probe and focused null
JP3890988B2 (en) * 2002-01-23 2007-03-07 ソニー株式会社 Transmission / reception system
DE10237823B4 (en) * 2002-08-19 2004-08-26 Kathrein-Werke Kg Antenna array with a calibration device and method for operating such an antenna array
CN1176555C (en) * 2002-12-25 2004-11-17 大唐移动通信设备有限公司 Method for adjusting intelligences antenna array system in real time
US7358898B2 (en) * 2003-01-31 2008-04-15 Andrew Corporation Method for calibrating an AOA location system for all frequencies in a frequency hopping signal
US7379019B2 (en) * 2003-01-31 2008-05-27 Andrew Corporation Method for angle of arrival determination on frequency hopping air interfaces
US7405696B2 (en) * 2003-01-31 2008-07-29 Andrew Corporation Method for calibrating and AOA location system for frequency hopping air interfaces
KR100608736B1 (en) * 2003-04-29 2006-08-04 엘지전자 주식회사 Apparatus for generating reference signal in a smart antenna system
EP1496567A1 (en) 2003-07-10 2005-01-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Arrangement for calibrating transmission and/or reception of signals in a radio communications system
JP4209355B2 (en) * 2004-03-30 2009-01-14 富士通株式会社 Phase calibration method and phase calibration apparatus
US7362266B2 (en) 2004-12-07 2008-04-22 Lockheed Martin Corporation Mutual coupling method for calibrating a phased array
JP4531607B2 (en) * 2005-03-30 2010-08-25 富士通株式会社 Calibration device
US7215298B1 (en) 2005-09-06 2007-05-08 Lockheed Martin Corporation Extendable/retractable antenna calibration element
US7324042B2 (en) * 2005-11-15 2008-01-29 The Boeing Company Monostatic radar beam optimization

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2199447A (en) * 1984-10-25 1988-07-06 Stc Plc Monitoring arrangement for a receive array system
EP0812027A2 (en) * 1996-06-06 1997-12-10 HE HOLDINGS, INC. dba HUGHES ELECTRONICS Calibration method for satellite communications payloads using hybrid matrices
WO1998052248A1 (en) * 1997-05-16 1998-11-19 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson Method and device for antenna calibration
WO2004025321A1 (en) 2002-09-11 2004-03-25 Lockheed Martin Corporation Cce calibration with an array of calibration probes interleaved with the array antenna
US20060192710A1 (en) * 2003-07-30 2006-08-31 Christian Schieblich Antennas array calibration arrangement and method
EP1724875A1 (en) * 2005-05-19 2006-11-22 Fujitsu Limited Array antenna calibration apparatus and method

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP2183820A1

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3062242A1 (en) * 2017-01-26 2018-07-27 Thales DEVICE FOR TRANSMITTING RADIO SIGNALS TO STIMULATE A SYSTEM FOR RECEIVING SUCH SIGNALS BY ITS AERIALS
CN112385086A (en) * 2018-07-06 2021-02-19 华为技术有限公司 Method and apparatus for calibrating phased array antenna
CN112385086B (en) * 2018-07-06 2021-08-20 华为技术有限公司 Method and apparatus for calibrating phased array antenna
US11811147B2 (en) 2018-07-06 2023-11-07 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Method for calibrating phased array antenna and related apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US8004457B2 (en) 2011-08-23
EP2183820A1 (en) 2010-05-12
AU2008291900A1 (en) 2009-03-05
US20100253570A1 (en) 2010-10-07

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US5682165A (en) Active array self calibration
EP0981836B1 (en) Method and device for antenna calibration
US10001517B2 (en) Antenna system
CN111193560B (en) Multi-target measurement and control communication antenna array optical fiber closed-loop calibration method
US8004456B2 (en) Antenna calibration
Şeker Calibration methods for phased array radars
EP2647084B1 (en) Method, antenna array, computer program and computer program product for obtaining at least one calibration parameter
Agrawal et al. A calibration technique for active phased array antennas
CN110988828B (en) Radar multichannel external calibration system based on microwave delayer
US8085189B2 (en) Antenna calibration
CN109683146B (en) Phased array transmission calibration method based on orthogonal coding waveform
US8004457B2 (en) Antenna calibration
EP1428043B1 (en) Active phased array with verification of drift in the calibration network
JP2007033415A (en) Radar apparatus
US7990312B2 (en) Antenna calibration
GB2259778A (en) Testing radar antenna systems
GB2346013A (en) Calibration method for a phased array
JP3292024B2 (en) Synthetic aperture radar test equipment
US20220271444A1 (en) Multi-panel array antenna
JP2022120520A (en) Method for updating array antenna calibration lut
JP2000147086A (en) Electronic beam scanning radar device

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 12302148

Country of ref document: US

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 08788657

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2008291900

Country of ref document: AU

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 1145/DELNP/2010

Country of ref document: IN

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2008788657

Country of ref document: EP

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2008291900

Country of ref document: AU

Date of ref document: 20080808

Kind code of ref document: A