WO2008100834A1 - Methods and systems for generating an investment trust comprising neutralized securities - Google Patents
Methods and systems for generating an investment trust comprising neutralized securities Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008100834A1 WO2008100834A1 PCT/US2008/053533 US2008053533W WO2008100834A1 WO 2008100834 A1 WO2008100834 A1 WO 2008100834A1 US 2008053533 W US2008053533 W US 2008053533W WO 2008100834 A1 WO2008100834 A1 WO 2008100834A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- carbon
- targeted
- security
- amount
- securities
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q40/00—Finance; Insurance; Tax strategies; Processing of corporate or income taxes
- G06Q40/04—Trading; Exchange, e.g. stocks, commodities, derivatives or currency exchange
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q40/00—Finance; Insurance; Tax strategies; Processing of corporate or income taxes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q40/00—Finance; Insurance; Tax strategies; Processing of corporate or income taxes
- G06Q40/06—Asset management; Financial planning or analysis
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/90—Financial instruments for climate change mitigation, e.g. environmental taxes, subsidies or financing
Definitions
- FIG. 1 illustrates a system according to at least one embodiment of the systems disclosed herein;
- process means any process, algorithm, method or the like, unless expressly specified otherwise.
- an embodiment means “one or more (but not all) embodiments of the disclosed invention(s)", unless expressly specified otherwise.
- the phrase "at least one of, when such phrase modifies a plurality of things means any combination of one or more of those things, unless expressly specified otherwise.
- the phrase "at least one of a widget, a car and a wheel” means either (i) a widget, (ii) a car, (iii) a wheel, (iv) a widget and a car, (v) a widget and a wheel, (vi) a car and a wheel, or (vii) a widget, a car and a wheel.
- the phrase "at least one of, when such phrase modifies a plurality of things does not mean "one of each of the plurality of things.
- Numerical terms such as “one”, “two”, etc. when used as cardinal numbers to indicate quantity of something mean the quantity indicated by that numerical term, but do not mean at least the quantity indicated by that numerical term.
- the phrase “one widget” does not mean “at least one widget”, and therefore the phrase “one widget” does not cover, e.g., two widgets.
- the phrase “based on” does not mean “based only on”, unless expressly specified otherwise. In other words, the phrase “based on” describes both “based only on” and “based at least on”. The phrase “based at least on” is equivalent to the phrase “based at least in part on”.
- the term “represent” and like terms are not exclusive, unless expressly specified otherwise. For example, the term “represents” do not mean “represents only”, unless expressly specified otherwise. In other words, the phrase “the data represents a credit card number” describes both "the data represents only a credit card number” and “the data represents a credit card number and the data also represents something else".
- the function of the first machine may or may not be the same as the function of the second machine.
- any given numerical range shall include whole and fractions of numbers within the range.
- the range "1 to 10" shall be interpreted to specifically include whole numbers between 1 and 10 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, ... 9) and non- whole numbers (e.g., , 1.1, 1.2, ... 1.9).
- determining and grammatical variants thereof (e.g., to determine a price, determining a value, determine an object which meets a certain criterion) is used in an extremely broad sense.
- the term “determining” encompasses a wide variety of actions and therefore “determining” can include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (e.g., looking up in a table, a database or another data structure), ascertaining and the like.
- determining can include receiving (e.g., receiving information), accessing (e.g., accessing data in a memory) and the like.
- determining can include resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, and the like.
- determining does not imply certainty or absolute precision, and therefore “determining” can include estimating, extrapolating, predicting, guessing and the like.
- determining does not imply that any particular device must be used. For example, a computer need not necessarily perform the determining.
- a limitation of a first claim would cover one of a feature as well as more than one of a feature (e.g., a limitation such as "at least one widget” covers one widget as well as more than one widget), and where in a second claim that depends on the first claim, the second claim uses a definite article “the” to refer to the limitation (e.g., "the widget"), this does not imply that the first claim covers only one of the feature, and this does not imply that the second claim covers only one of the feature (e.g., "the widget” can cover both one widget and more than one widget).
- ordinal number such as “first”, “second”, “third” and so on
- that ordinal number is used (unless expressly specified otherwise) merely to indicate a particular feature, such as to distinguish that particular feature from another feature that is described by the same term or by a similar term.
- a "first widget” may be so named merely to distinguish it from, e.g., a "second widget”.
- the mere usage of the ordinal numbers “first” and “second” before the term “widget” does not indicate any other relationship between the two widgets, and likewise does not indicate any other characteristics of either or both widgets.
- the mere usage of the ordinal numbers “first” and “second” before the term “widget” (1) does not indicate that either widget comes before or after any other in order or location; (2) does not indicate that either widget occurs or acts before or after any other in time; and (3) does not indicate that either widget ranks above or below any other, as in importance or quality.
- the mere usage of ordinal numbers does not define a numerical limit to the features identified with the ordinal numbers.
- the mere usage of the ordinal numbers "first” and “second” before the term “widget” does not indicate that there must be no more than two widgets.
- more than one device / article may alternatively be used in place of the single device / article that is described. Accordingly, the functionality that is described as being possessed by a device may alternatively be possessed by more than one device / article (whether or not they cooperate).
- a single device / article may alternatively be used in place of the more than one device or article that is described.
- a plurality of computer-based devices may be substituted with a single computer-based device.
- the various functionality that is described as being possessed by more than one device or article may alternatively be possessed by a single device / article.
- Devices that are described as in communication with each other need not be in continuous communication with each other, unless expressly specified otherwise. On the contrary, such devices need only transmit to each other as necessary or desirable, and may actually refrain from exchanging data most of the time. For example, a machine in communication with another machine via the Internet may not transmit data to the other machine for long period of time (e.g. weeks at a time).
- devices that are in communication with each other may communicate directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries.
- a description of an embodiment with several components or features does not imply that all or even any of such components / features are required.
- a variety of optional components are described to illustrate the wide variety of possible embodiments of the present invention(s). Unless otherwise specified explicitly, no component / feature is essential or required.
- a process may be described as including a plurality of steps, that does not imply that all or any of the steps are preferred, essential or required.
- Various other embodiments within the scope of the described invention(s) include other processes that omit some or all of the described steps. Unless otherwise specified explicitly, no step is essential or required.
- a process may be described singly or without reference to other products or methods, in an embodiment the process may interact with other products or methods. For example, such interaction may include linking one business model to another business model. Such interaction may be provided to enhance the flexibility or desirability of the process.
- a product may be described as including a plurality of components, aspects, qualities, characteristics and/or features, that does not indicate that any or all of the plurality are preferred, essential or required.
- Various other embodiments within the scope of the described invention(s) include other products that omit some or all of the described plurality.
- An enumerated list of items does not imply that any or all of the items are mutually exclusive, unless expressly specified otherwise.
- an enumerated list of items does not imply that any or all of the items are comprehensive of any category, unless expressly specified otherwise.
- the enumerated list "a computer, a laptop, a PDA" does not imply that any or all of the three items of that list are mutually exclusive and does not imply that any or all of the three items of that list are comprehensive of any category.
- a processor e.g., one or more microprocessors, one or more microcontrollers, one or more digital signal processors
- a processor will receive instructions (e.g., from a memory or like device), and execute those instructions, thereby performing one or more processes defined by those instructions.
- Instructions may be embodied in, e.g., a computer program.
- a “processor” means one or more microprocessors, central processing units (CPUs), computing devices, microcontrollers, digital signal processors, or like devices or any combination thereof.
- a description of a process is likewise a description of an apparatus for performing the process.
- the apparatus that performs the process can include, e.g., a processor and those input devices and output devices that are appropriate to perform the process.
- programs that implement such methods may be stored and transmitted using a variety of media (e.g., computer readable media) in a number of manners.
- media e.g., computer readable media
- hard- wired circuitry or custom hardware may be used in place of, or in combination with, some or all of the software instructions that can implement the processes of various embodiments.
- various combinations of hardware and software may be used instead of software only.
- Non-volatile media include, for example, optical or magnetic disks and other persistent memory.
- Volatile media include dynamic random access memory (DRAM), which typically constitutes the main memory.
- Transmission media include coaxial cables, copper wire and fiber optics, including the wires that comprise a system bus coupled to the processor.
- Transmission media may include or convey acoustic waves, light waves and electromagnetic emissions, such as those generated during radio frequency (RF) and infrared (IR) data communications.
- RF radio frequency
- IR infrared
- Common forms of computer-readable media include, for example, a floppy disk, a flexible disk, hard disk, magnetic tape, any other magnetic medium, a CD-ROM, DVD, any other optical medium, punch cards, paper tape, any other physical medium with patterns of holes, a RAM, a PROM, an EPROM, a FLASH-EEPROM, any other memory chip or cartridge, a carrier wave as described hereinafter, or any other medium from which a computer can read.
- Various forms of computer readable media may be involved in carrying data (e.g. sequences of instructions) to a processor.
- data may be (i) delivered from RAM to a processor; (ii) carried over a wireless transmission medium; (iii) formatted and/or transmitted according to numerous formats, standards or protocols, such as Ethernet (or IEEE 802.3), SAP, ATP, BluetoothTM, and TCP/IP, TDMA, CDMA, and 3G; and/or (iv) encrypted to ensure privacy or prevent fraud in any of a variety of ways well known in the art.
- a description of a process is likewise a description of a computer- readable medium storing a program for performing the process.
- the computer-readable medium can store (in any appropriate format) those program elements which are appropriate to perform the method.
- embodiments of an apparatus include a computer / computing device operable to perform some (but not necessarily all) of the described process.
- a computer- readable medium storing a program or data structure include a computer- readable medium storing a program that, when executed, can cause a processor to perform some (but not necessarily all) of the described process.
- databases are described, it will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that (i) alternative database structures to those described may be readily employed, and (ii) other memory structures besides databases may be readily employed. Any illustrations or descriptions of any sample databases presented herein are illustrative arrangements for stored representations of information. Any number of other arrangements may be employed besides those suggested by, e.g., tables illustrated in drawings or elsewhere.
- any illustrated entries of the databases represent exemplary information only; one of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the number and content of the entries can be different from those described herein.
- other formats including relational databases, object-based models and/or distributed databases
- object methods or behaviors of a database can be used to implement various processes, such as the described herein.
- the databases may, in a known manner, be stored locally or remotely from a device which accesses data in such a database.
- Various embodiments can be configured to work in a network environment including a computer that is in communication (e.g., via a communications network) with one or more devices.
- the computer may communicate with the devices directly or indirectly, via any wired or wireless medium (e.g. the Internet, LAN, WAN or Ethernet, Token Ring, a telephone line, a cable line, a radio channel, an optical communications line, commercial on-line service providers, bulletin board systems, a satellite communications link, a combination of any of the above).
- Each of the devices may themselves comprise computers or other computing devices, such as those based on the Intel® Pentium® or CentrinoTM processor, that are adapted to communicate with the computer. Any number and type of devices may be in communication with the computer.
- a server computer or centralized authority may not be necessary or desirable.
- the present invention may, in an embodiment, be practiced on one or more devices without a central authority.
- any functions described herein as performed by the server computer or data described as stored on the server computer may instead be performed by or stored on one or more such devices.
- the process may operate without any user intervention.
- the process includes some human intervention (e.g., a step is performed by or with the assistance of a human).
- a limitation of the claim which does not include the phrase "means for” or the phrase “step for” means that 35 U. S. C. ⁇ 112, paragraph 6 does not apply to that limitation, regardless of whether that limitation recites a function without recitation of structure, material or acts for performing that function.
- the mere use of the phrase "step of or the phrase "steps of in referring to one or more steps of the claim or of another claim does not mean that 35 U.S. C. ⁇ 112, paragraph 6, applies to that step(s).
- Computers, processors, computing devices and like products are structures that can perform a wide variety of functions. Such products can be operable to perform a specified function by executing one or more programs, such as a program stored in a memory device of that product or in a memory device which that product accesses. Unless expressly specified otherwise, such a program need not be based on any particular algorithm, such as any particular algorithm that might be disclosed in the present application. It is well known to one of ordinary skill in the art that a specified function may be implemented via different algorithms, and any of a number of different algorithms would be a mere design choice for carrying out the specified function.
- structure corresponding to a specified function includes any product programmed to perform the specified function.
- Such structure includes programmed products which perform the function, regardless of whether such product is programmed with (i) a disclosed algorithm for performing the function, (ii) an algorithm that is similar to a disclosed algorithm, or (iii) a different algorithm for performing the function.
- one structure for performing this method includes a computing device (e.g., a general purpose computer) that is programmed and/or configured with appropriate hardware to perform that function.
- a computing device e.g., a general purpose computer
- Also includes a computing device e.g., a general purpose computer
- a computing device e.g., a general purpose computer
- a computing device that is programmed and/or configured with appropriate hardware to perform that function via other algorithms as would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.
- the present application generally provides systems and methods for generating socially responsible investment trusts that comprise of neutralized securities.
- Socially responsible investments are financial instruments that strive to maximize both financial return and social good.
- SRIs favor corporate practices that exercise environmental responsibility, support workplace diversity and increase product safety.
- socially responsible investors select investment securities based on four basic investment strategies, which may include: screening, divesting, shareholder activism, and community investment.
- a social investor may be any number of entities, including an individual or an institution. Some examples of a social investor may include: a corporation, a university, a hospital, a foundation, an insurance company, a pension fund, a nonprofit organization, a church or a synagogue. Any investor may be a socially responsible investor.
- a screening process is conducted to determine whether the particular security qualifies as a SRI.
- the investor may apply a "filter” comprising various criteria, thresholds and tests (e.g., amount of carbon emissions) to the particular security of interest.
- Securities that pass the screening process are referred to, henceforth, as “qualifying securities”
- the securities that fail the screening process are referred to, henceforth, as “non-qualifying securities”.
- certain SRIs may consider shares of ExxonMobil to be non- qualifying securities due to the fact that the company releases harmful carbon emissions into the environment.
- a socially responsible investor may "divest,” or remove, previously qualified securities from its portfolio, in the event that these previously qualified securities not longer meet the requirements for the fund.
- one of the main challenges of socially responsible investing rests in the fact that a large number of financially lucrative securities are excluded from the investment pool due to a failure to meet one or more criteria.
- the present application has identified a way to improve the SRI selection process: a process that rehabilitates a non-qualifying security into a qualifying security. The process generates a socially responsible investment trust (“SRI trust”) to hold these rehabilitated securities. Socially responsible investors then may purchase shares of the SRI trust for their investment portfolios.
- SRI trust socially responsible investment trust
- the description below uses an example from an environmental industry to illustrate the application's teachings, but the application is not limited to this particular subject matter; the system may be used to rehabilitate non-qualifying securities from any number of industries that might be screened by a SRI.
- Some other examples of these industries may include alcohol, tobacco, gambling, defense/weapons, animal testing, products/services, human rights, labor relations and employment/equality issues.
- the present application uses the term "carbon emissions” in its various embodiments, the term “carbon” is understood to describe a variety of greenhouse gases, although not all of them are carbon- based. Some examples of these greenhouse gases include: carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and fluorinated gases, such as hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride.
- greenhouse gases include: carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and fluorinated gases, such as hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride.
- a system 100 includes at least one computing device, such as a remote computer 102, e.g., a server computer, a client computer 104, or a combination thereof.
- a remote computer 102 e.g., a server computer, a client computer 104, or a combination thereof.
- the term remote in this context merely means that the remote computer 102 and at least one of the client computers 104 are separate devices. Thus, the devices may be remote even if they are located within the same room.
- the system includes at least one remote computer 102 that is connected over a communication network 106 to one or a plurality of client computers 104.
- One or more of the client computers 104 may be connected to the remote computer 102 through a firewall.
- at least one remote computer 102 is connected over a communication network 106 to at least one other remote computer 108.
- the system 100 may be implemented over any type of communications network 106, such as a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), the Internet, a telephone network (POTS), a wireless network, including cellular, WiFi, and WiMax networks, or a combination of wired and/or wireless networks.
- the communications network 106 may be independent of the Internet or limited with respect to the type of the information transmitted over the Internet, such as to information that poses little or no security risk if misappropriated or that has been encrypted.
- client computers 104 are preferably configured or otherwise capable of transmitting and/or receiving communications to and/or from the remote computer(s) 102, 108.
- the remote computers 102, 108 may similarly be configured or otherwise capable of transmitting and/or receiving communications between themselves. This may be accomplished with a communication element, such as a modem, an Ethernet interface, a transmitter/receiver, etc., that enables communication with a similarly equipped remote computer 102,108 wirelessly, wired, or a combination thereof.
- a communication element such as a modem, an Ethernet interface, a transmitter/receiver, etc.
- the client computers 104 will generally provide the front-end functionality and the remote computer 102, 108 will provide the back-end functionality.
- financial instrument denotes any instrument, issued by a corporation, government, or any other entity, that evinces dept or equity, and any derivative thereof, including equities, stocks, fixed income instruments, bonds, debentures, certificates of interest or deposit, warrants, options, futures, forwards, swaps, or generally any security.
- the computing device e.g., the client computers 104 and/or the remote computer 102, 108 generally include at least one processor, and a memory, such as ROM, RAM, FLASH, etc., including computer readable medium type memory, such as a hard drive, a flash-drive, an optical or magnetic disk, etc.
- the memory or computer readable medium preferably includes software stored thereon that when executed performs one or more steps of the methods disclosed herein, including communicating data and commands back and forth between the computers, displaying interface screens, etc.
- the computers may also be associated with or have access to one or more databases 110, 112 for retrieving and/or storing the various types of data discussed herein, including identity verification data, such as an ID and password, biometric data, etc.
- the client computers 104 may include, without limitation, a mobile phone, PDA, pocket PC, personal computer, as well as any special or other general purpose computing device.
- the client computer 104 preferably includes a processor, a memory, a display, such as a CRT or an LCD monitor, for displaying information and/or graphics associated with the functionality provided by the system 100, and at least one input device, such as a mouse, a touch-sensitive pad, a pointer, a stylus, a trackball, a button or a plurality of buttons, e.g., alphanumeric, a scroll wheel, a touch-sensitive monitor, etc., or a combination thereof, for users to enter commands and/or information relevant to the system's functionality.
- the general purpose type of client computer 104 such as the PC or PDA
- users may access the functionality provided by the system 100 with a browser application or any other generic application, or with special purpose software designed specifically for accessing the functionality disclosed herein.
- the client computer 104 includes or is otherwise associated with at least one biometric sensor 114.
- the biometric sensor 114 is any device that is used to determine directly from the user at least one item of biometric data associated with a user, such as a fingerprint reader, an iris scanner, a retinal scanner, a vascular pattern reader, a facial recognition camera, etc.
- the biometric sensor 114 may be embodied in hardware, software, or a combination thereof.
- the biometric sensor 114 may further share resources with other components of the client computer 104, such as the processor, memory, a camera, a microphone, a speaker, etc.
- a single biometric sensor 114 may be used for reading more than one type of biometric data.
- a digital camera may be used to obtain an image of the user's eye for iris scanning and an image of the user's face for facial recognition.
- a single image capture of the user's face may provide the data for facial recognition as well as data for iris or retinal comparisons.
- the biometric data is generally obtained with the biometric sensor 114 and used at least to authenticate the identity of the user as a gateway for allowing the user to access the system's functionality.
- biometric data may be compared with previously obtained/stored biometric data that has preferably been verified as being associated with a particular user and access to the system's functionality may be provided based on a positive match thereof.
- the method begins with the system 100 receiving login information.
- the login information may be any information for use in authenticating a user and providing thereto one or more of the functions disclosed herein.
- the login information may be, for example, a user ID, password, biometric data, etc.
- the login information may be submitted by a user with a user interface screen that includes therein at least one form element, such as an input field or text box, a drop down list, check box, radio buttons, action buttons, clickable images, etc., for entering login data.
- the login information may be compared with previously obtained information and access to one or more of the functions may be provided based on a positive match.
- the system 100 identifies one or more nonqualifying securities.
- the system 100 initially selects one or more SRI funds of interest, i.e. SRI funds that the system 100 has identified as a desired client. These SRI funds may have been selected based on any number of factors, such as the size of the fund, the amount of money managed by the fund, the type of social cause supported by the SRI fund, etc.
- the system 100 obtains the filter used by the selected SRI fund in order to determine which securities currently fall outside the investment pool.
- a filter comprises various criteria, thresholds and tests for screening a particular security. The system may obtain the filter from the SRI in any number of methods.
- the filter is publicly known or published.
- the system requests that a SRI fund of interest provide its filters.
- the system 100 analyzes the filter to identify the securities (and companies) that are excluded by the filter. Based on this information, the system 100 identifies the securities to be rehabilitated. These securities are referred to, henceforth, as "targeted securities.”
- the system 100 may identify a particular SRI fund, say Fund A, as a fund in which the system 100 would wish to have as a client. Fund A may have been selected for its high volume of activities, large budget, and/or specialization in environmental issues.
- the system 100 then obtains the filter used by Fund A, and based on this filter, determines that Fund A currently does not invest in the following industries: oil & gas, chemical & petrochemical manufacturing, and transportation.
- the system 100 then identifies the top players in each of these industries and seeks to neutralize the securities for these top industry players.
- the system 100 does not use a filter to determine the targeted securities. For instance, the system 100 may simply contact a SRI fund of interest and requests that the SRI fund provide a list of non-qualifying securities that it desires to rehabilitate.
- the SRI fund sua sponte submits a list of targeted securities to the system 100.
- the system 100 provides a service of rehabilitating non-qualifying securities for SRI funds.
- a SRI fund may desire to invest in a certain company, but that company falls outside the investment parameters as defined by the filter.
- the holders of non-qualifying securities may contact the system 100, and request that the system 100 rehabilitate the nonqualifying securities so that they may qualify for investment in a SRI fund.
- the holder of the non-qualifying securities also may sell the securities to the system 100, which in return rehabilitates the securities and repackages the rehabilitated security in a SRI trust. Shares of the SRI trust comprising of rehabilitated securities are then sold to various SRI funds.
- the system 100 After the system 100 has identified the non-qualifying securities of interest, the system then seeks to rehabilitate these non-qualifying securities.
- the process of rehabilitating a non-qualifying security involves 1) calculating the carbon footprint of the non-qualifying security and 2) purchasing enough carbon credit to neutralize the calculated carbon footprint.
- a carbon footprint represents the estimated emission of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and other greenhouse gases (GHGs) associated with activities conducted by an organization, enterprise or corporation as part of their everyday operations.
- CO 2 carbon dioxide
- GSGs greenhouse gases
- a carbon footprint is commonly expressed as "CO 2 equivalents" or CO 2 e units.
- CO 2 equivalents CO 2 equivalents
- a carbon footprint may be expressed as tons of carbon dioxide, or tons of carbon, emitted per year.
- CO 2 equivalents CO 2 equivalents
- a carbon footprint may be expressed as tons of carbon dioxide, or tons of carbon, emitted per year.
- C calculators available for carbon footprinting.
- Some examples of third-party providers that specialize in calculating carbon footprints include Environmental Resources Trust, Inc., Blue Source, LLC, and various others.
- a carbon credit (measured in units of tones of CO 2 ) represents the act of reducing or avoiding GHG emissions in one place, in order to offset GHG emissions occurring somewhere else. GHGs generally mix well in the atmosphere and can travel around the planet quickly. As a result, it generally does not matter from the standpoint of global warming mitigation where a reduction takes place.
- carbon credits There are currently several different types of carbon credits. For example, one type of carbon credit is an allowance, which could be issued under the European Trading Scheme, the Kyoto Protocol, or various U.S. mandates, such as RGGI and AB 32 in California.
- Another type of carbon credit is a Certified Emissions Reduction (CER), which is a tradable certificate reflecting the reduction or avoidance of one tone of C0 2 e.
- CER Certified Emissions Reduction
- CERs are the currency used by the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) under the Kyoto Protocol for GHG trading between developing countries (i.e., countries without emissions reduction targets) and industrialized countries (i.e., countries with emissions reduction targets).
- Still another type of carbon credit is an Emission Reduction Unit (ERU), which is issued to parties participating in Joint Implementation (JI) projects. The JI projects also are conducted in accordance with the rules of the Kyoto Protocol.
- Still another type of carbon credit is a Verified Emission Reduction (VER), which is a reduction that occurs outside of a mandated program. Theses credits are generally created on a voluntary basis and are verified by an independent third party.
- GWP global warming potential
- Some examples of carbon reduction projects that help generate carbon credits may include: forest sequestration, soil conservation, electric efficiency, fuel switching, animal waste recovery and landfill gas capture. Many other carbon reduction practices also exist, and some of these practices are described on the website "Climate Top 50," available at www.climatctop50.org, which is herein incorporated by reference.
- the system 100 submits the selected non- qualifying securities to a third-party provider of carbon footprints.
- the third- party provider calculates the carbon footprint for the non-qualifying security and transmits this information to the system 100.
- the system 100 purchases the corresponding amount of carbon credits from another third-party source.
- the system 100 calculates the carbon footprint for the selected non-qualifying securities using various methods and formulas.
- One example of a carbon footprint formula may include: (1) calculating the total units of carbon emission generated by the company of the non-qualifying securities for the previous month; (2) dividing the total units of carbon emission by the total number of securities owned by the company for that previous month; and (3) multiplying the generated carbon footprint per share by the number of non-qualifying securities being sold in order to generate the amount of carbon credits necessary to neutralize the non-qualifying securities. It is unnecessary to obtain carbon credits for all of the carbon emissions generated by a company, since the system 100 needs only to neutralize the securities that it is purchasing.
- the carbon footprint may be calculated for any number of time periods. In one embodiment, the carbon footprint is calculated on a monthly basis. In other embodiments, the carbon footprint is calculated on an annual basis. Still other embodiments may calculate the carbon footprint on a daily, weekly, biweekly, or any other incremental period of time. Furthermore, the carbon footprint may be subject to change.
- Company A may incorporate a new method (e.g., more environmentally sound) for performing its manufacturing, and as a result, Company A dramatically reduces its overall carbon emissions for that year. As a result, the carbon footprint calculated will be adjusted to accommodate these changes, since the new carbon footprint would require a lower number of carbon credits in order to neutralize the non-qualifying securities.
- a new method e.g., more environmentally sound
- the system 100 may purchase the carbon credits from a third-party carbon credit provider, or from a trading exchange that sells carbon credits.
- the process of purchasing a carbon credit contains many similarities to the purchase of any commodity on the general market. For example, bilateral trades are a common occurrence, as is the possibility of purchasing the carbon credits on an electronic exchange.
- system 100 works with various carbon reduction projects in order to generate its own carbon credits.
- the location of a carbon reduction is typically irrelevant. However, in some embodiments, it may be desirable to place geographic constraints on the carbon credits. In these instances, the system 100 offers a specialized set of carbon credits, in which the carbon reduction projects occur within the same geographic location as where the carbon emissions are generated.
- the system 100 offers a blended carbon credit, in which some of the carbon reduction projects occur within the same geographic location as the carbon emission, and other carbon reduction products take place anywhere in the world.
- the system 100 neutralizes the non-qualifying securities for a fixed time-period, such as one-year. At the end of the year, an additional fee must be paid in order to maintain the qualifying security status. In other embodiments, the system 100 neutralizes the securities for its entire lifetime in the trust. As long as the securities remain in the SRI trust, the system 100 continues to supply the carbon credits to neutralize the securities. In some embodiments, the system 100 will publish a memo detailing the methods and formulas used for calculating the carbon footprint and the source of the carbon credits. This memo is submitted to the shareholders of the SRI trust. In one embodiment, publication of the memo provides transparency to the system's activities, as well as instilling a sense of legitimacy in the neutralization process.
- the system 100 After the system 100 has obtained the appropriate amount of carbon credits to neutralize the non-qualifying securities, the system 100 then stores both the carbon credits and non-qualifying securities in a trust.
- one share or unit of the trust comprises a share of the rehabilitated security (i.e., a share of the non-qualifying security combined with its corresponding carbon credit).
- the system 100 only provides a partial carbon credit to the non-qualifying securities.
- the system 100 may provide a percentage (e.g., 50%) of the carbon credit necessary to neutralize the non-qualifying securities.
- the system 100 provides a carbon credit in excess of that necessary to neutralize the nonqualifying securities.
- the system 100 has the capability to retire carbon credits, or take them off the market in order to reduce the overall limits to GHG emissions.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002678497A CA2678497A1 (en) | 2007-02-15 | 2008-02-11 | Methods and systems for generating an investment trust comprising neutralized securities |
EP08729486A EP2111603A4 (en) | 2007-02-15 | 2008-02-11 | Methods and systems for generating an investment trust comprising neutralized securities |
JP2009549673A JP5340959B2 (en) | 2007-02-15 | 2008-02-11 | Method and system for generating mutual funds including securities that offset ineligibility |
AU2008216436A AU2008216436A1 (en) | 2007-02-15 | 2008-02-11 | Methods and systems for generating an investment trust comprising neutralized securities |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/675,294 | 2007-02-15 | ||
US11/675,294 US7636681B2 (en) | 2006-12-27 | 2007-02-15 | Methods and systems for generating an investment trust comprising neutralized securities |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2008100834A1 true WO2008100834A1 (en) | 2008-08-21 |
Family
ID=39585354
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2008/053533 WO2008100834A1 (en) | 2007-02-15 | 2008-02-11 | Methods and systems for generating an investment trust comprising neutralized securities |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (4) | US7636681B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2111603A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5340959B2 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2008216436A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2678497A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008100834A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AU2001283244A1 (en) * | 2000-08-25 | 2002-03-13 | Espeed, Inc. | Systems and methods for developing and administering investment trusts |
US8732061B2 (en) * | 2001-12-27 | 2014-05-20 | Bgc Partners, Inc. | Creating and trading dynamic securities |
US7636681B2 (en) * | 2006-12-27 | 2009-12-22 | Cfph, Llc | Methods and systems for generating an investment trust comprising neutralized securities |
US8210428B2 (en) | 2007-02-21 | 2012-07-03 | Advanced Custom Engineered Systems & Equipment Co. | Method for handling discarded identification numbers |
US20090171975A1 (en) * | 2007-03-06 | 2009-07-02 | Mcconnell Robert S | Method and system for tracking carbon credits and other carbon valuation units |
US20090307508A1 (en) * | 2007-10-30 | 2009-12-10 | Bank Of America Corporation | Optimizing the Efficiency of an Organization's Technology Infrastructure |
US20090125436A1 (en) * | 2007-11-14 | 2009-05-14 | Inventus Holdings, Llc | Renewable energy trust system and method |
US20090157534A1 (en) * | 2007-12-13 | 2009-06-18 | The Bank Of New York Mellon | Environmental offset trading platform and method |
US7657446B1 (en) | 2008-08-22 | 2010-02-02 | Numoda Technologies, Inc. | Automated identification of tasks that must be completed before a clinical trial database can be locked |
AR074654A1 (en) * | 2008-10-01 | 2011-02-02 | Silver Spring Networks Inc | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR APPLYING ENVIRONMENTAL INCENTIVES |
US7599874B1 (en) | 2008-10-30 | 2009-10-06 | Dimensional Fund Advisors Lp | Computer-implemented method of selecting an investment portfolio and administering an investment company based in part on socially responsible investing considerations |
US20100191998A1 (en) * | 2009-01-23 | 2010-07-29 | Microsoft Corporation | Apportioning and reducing data center environmental impacts, including a carbon footprint |
US20110071867A1 (en) * | 2009-09-23 | 2011-03-24 | International Business Machines Corporation | Transformation of data centers to manage pollution |
WO2011057122A1 (en) * | 2009-11-06 | 2011-05-12 | Verdeo Group, Inc. | Integrated system for the extraction, incineration and monitoring of waste or vented gases |
US11048739B2 (en) | 2015-08-14 | 2021-06-29 | Nasdaq, Inc. | Computer-implemented systems and methods for intelligently retrieving, analyzing, and synthesizing data from databases |
US10850314B2 (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2020-12-01 | Daniel W. Chambers | Remote gas monitoring and flare control system |
US11255777B2 (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2022-02-22 | Daniel W Chambers | Automated remote gas monitoring and flare control system |
WO2020198409A1 (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2020-10-01 | Macarthur Roberts S | Secure token-based exchange of pollution credits for the reduction of worldwide pollution |
US11188983B1 (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2021-11-30 | Morgan Stanley Services Group Inc. | Computer systems, methods and user-interfaces for tracking an investor's unique set of social and environmental preferences |
US11593515B2 (en) | 2019-09-30 | 2023-02-28 | Data Vault Holdings, Inc. | Platform for management of user data |
US11886837B2 (en) | 2021-04-10 | 2024-01-30 | Accenture Global Solutions Limited | Simulation-based software design and delivery attribute tradeoff identification and resolution |
WO2023039376A1 (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2023-03-16 | Data Vault Holdings, Inc. | Carbon credit tokenization |
US20230145110A1 (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2023-05-11 | RangeEagle Strategies, LLC | Method of mitigating the impact of carbon emissions from investment activity |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20050283428A1 (en) * | 2001-06-05 | 2005-12-22 | Carlton Bartels | Systems and methods for electronic trading of carbon dioxide equivalent emission |
US20060184445A1 (en) * | 2002-07-20 | 2006-08-17 | Richard Sandor | Systems and methods for trading emission reductions |
US20070016511A1 (en) * | 2004-10-27 | 2007-01-18 | Michael Walsh | Method for facilitating the sale of a commodity |
Family Cites Families (79)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4412287A (en) * | 1975-05-29 | 1983-10-25 | Braddock Iii Walter D | Automated stock exchange |
US5270922A (en) * | 1984-06-29 | 1993-12-14 | Merrill Lynch & Company, Inc. | System for distributing, processing and displaying financial information |
US4674044A (en) * | 1985-01-30 | 1987-06-16 | Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc. | Automated securities trading system |
US4823265A (en) * | 1987-05-11 | 1989-04-18 | Nelson George E | Renewable option accounting and marketing system |
JPH0219963A (en) * | 1988-07-08 | 1990-01-23 | Hitachi Ltd | Method and system for monitoring real time state |
JPH02224060A (en) | 1989-02-27 | 1990-09-06 | Hitachi Ltd | Real time decision making supporting system |
US5101353A (en) * | 1989-05-31 | 1992-03-31 | Lattice Investments, Inc. | Automated system for providing liquidity to securities markets |
US5126936A (en) * | 1989-09-01 | 1992-06-30 | Champion Securities | Goal-directed financial asset management system |
US5220500A (en) | 1989-09-19 | 1993-06-15 | Batterymarch Investment System | Financial management system |
US5132899A (en) * | 1989-10-16 | 1992-07-21 | Fox Philip J | Stock and cash portfolio development system |
US5214579A (en) * | 1989-12-22 | 1993-05-25 | L & C Family Partnership | Goal-oriented investment indexing, tracking and monitoring data processing system |
US5193056A (en) * | 1991-03-11 | 1993-03-09 | Signature Financial Group Inc. | Data processing system for hub and spoke financial services configuration |
US5590325A (en) * | 1991-06-11 | 1996-12-31 | Logical Information Machines, Inc. | System for forming queries to a commodities trading database using analog indicators |
WO1995027945A1 (en) * | 1994-04-06 | 1995-10-19 | Morgan Stanley Group Inc. | Data processing system and method for financial debt instruments |
US6018722A (en) * | 1994-04-18 | 2000-01-25 | Aexpert Advisory, Inc. | S.E.C. registered individual account investment advisor expert system |
EP0686926A3 (en) * | 1994-05-24 | 1996-06-12 | Ron S Dembo | Method and apparatus for optimal portfolio replication |
US5761661A (en) * | 1994-07-14 | 1998-06-02 | The Sabre Group, Inc. | Data management system and method |
US5761442A (en) * | 1994-08-31 | 1998-06-02 | Advanced Investment Technology, Inc. | Predictive neural network means and method for selecting a portfolio of securities wherein each network has been trained using data relating to a corresponding security |
US5689651A (en) * | 1994-10-13 | 1997-11-18 | Lozman; Fane | System for processing and displaying financial information |
EP0806017A4 (en) | 1994-12-13 | 2000-08-30 | Fs Holdings Inc | A system for receiving, processing, creating, storing and disseminating investment information |
US20030009404A2 (en) * | 1995-10-12 | 2003-01-09 | Mopex, Inc. | Open end mutual fund securitization process |
US5806048A (en) * | 1995-10-12 | 1998-09-08 | Mopex, Inc. | Open end mutual fund securitization process |
AUPN815796A0 (en) * | 1996-02-19 | 1996-03-14 | Lancaster Australia Pty Limited | Universal contract exchange |
US5950176A (en) * | 1996-03-25 | 1999-09-07 | Hsx, Inc. | Computer-implemented securities trading system with a virtual specialist function |
US5884287A (en) * | 1996-04-12 | 1999-03-16 | Lfg, Inc. | System and method for generating and displaying risk and return in an investment portfolio |
US5793079A (en) * | 1996-07-22 | 1998-08-11 | Catalyst Semiconductor, Inc. | Single transistor non-volatile electrically alterable semiconductor memory device |
GB2339941B (en) | 1997-04-30 | 2001-10-31 | Roderick Malcolm Gordon Lawrie | Network computer trading system |
US6278981B1 (en) * | 1997-05-29 | 2001-08-21 | Algorithmics International Corporation | Computer-implemented method and apparatus for portfolio compression |
FR2765368A1 (en) | 1997-06-30 | 1998-12-31 | Pitvox Sat | SYSTEM FOR TRACKING FINANCIAL PARAMETERS OF A STOCK MARKET |
US6594643B1 (en) * | 1997-11-14 | 2003-07-15 | Charles C. Freeny, Jr. | Automatic stock trading system |
US6021397A (en) * | 1997-12-02 | 2000-02-01 | Financial Engines, Inc. | Financial advisory system |
JP2002507015A (en) * | 1998-03-11 | 2002-03-05 | フォリオエフエヌ,インコーポレイティド | Method and apparatus for enabling individuals or small investors to cost effectively build and manage portfolios of securities or other assets or liabilities |
US6996539B1 (en) * | 1998-03-11 | 2006-02-07 | Foliofn, Inc. | Method and apparatus for enabling smaller investors or others to create and manage a portfolio of securities or other assets or liabilities on a cost effective basis |
US7801782B2 (en) * | 1998-07-31 | 2010-09-21 | Jpmorgan Chase Bank, Na | Object oriented system for managing complex financial instruments |
EP1461755A2 (en) | 1998-11-02 | 2004-09-29 | HSX, Inc. | Computer-implemented securities trading system with virtual currency and virtual specialist |
US6778968B1 (en) * | 1999-03-17 | 2004-08-17 | Vialogy Corp. | Method and system for facilitating opportunistic transactions using auto-probes |
US7149713B2 (en) * | 1999-06-09 | 2006-12-12 | The Vanguard Group, Inc. | System and method for automating investment planning |
US7225153B2 (en) * | 1999-07-21 | 2007-05-29 | Longitude Llc | Digital options having demand-based, adjustable returns, and trading exchange therefor |
US7996296B2 (en) * | 1999-07-21 | 2011-08-09 | Longitude Llc | Digital options having demand-based, adjustable returns, and trading exchange therefor |
WO2001008073A1 (en) * | 1999-07-23 | 2001-02-01 | Netfolio, Inc. | System and method for selecting and purchasing stocks via a global computer network |
US6484151B1 (en) * | 1999-07-23 | 2002-11-19 | Netfolio, Inc. | System and method for selecting and purchasing stocks via a global computer network |
US7249075B1 (en) * | 1999-09-16 | 2007-07-24 | Morgan Stanley | System and method for administering principal protected equity linked financial instruments |
US7249080B1 (en) * | 1999-10-25 | 2007-07-24 | Upstream Technologies Llc | Investment advice systems and methods |
WO2001033316A2 (en) | 1999-11-03 | 2001-05-10 | Unx, Inc. | Method and system for trading user-definable baskets of fungible goods such as securities |
US7356498B2 (en) * | 1999-12-30 | 2008-04-08 | Chicago Board Options Exchange, Incorporated | Automated trading exchange system having integrated quote risk monitoring and integrated quote modification services |
US7099838B1 (en) * | 2000-03-27 | 2006-08-29 | American Stock Exchange, Llc | Hedging exchange traded mutual funds or other portfolio basket products |
WO2001077965A2 (en) * | 2000-04-10 | 2001-10-18 | Eastman Chemical Company | Systems and methods for facilitating transactions in a commodity marketplace |
US6947901B1 (en) * | 2000-04-27 | 2005-09-20 | Hunter Ip Llc | Derivative securities trading product utilizing subsets of indices or portfolios |
US20010049651A1 (en) * | 2000-04-28 | 2001-12-06 | Selleck Mark N. | Global trading system and method |
US7640200B2 (en) * | 2000-07-10 | 2009-12-29 | Byallaccounts, Inc. | Financial portfolio management system and method |
US7337136B1 (en) * | 2000-08-21 | 2008-02-26 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation | Method for structuring, pricing and setting a current mortgage price indicator contract |
AU2001283244A1 (en) * | 2000-08-25 | 2002-03-13 | Espeed, Inc. | Systems and methods for developing and administering investment trusts |
WO2002029982A2 (en) * | 2000-10-05 | 2002-04-11 | Interactive Systems Worldwide, Inc. | System and method for protecting positions in volatile markets |
US7487122B2 (en) * | 2000-12-06 | 2009-02-03 | Lipper Iii Arthur | Dynamic security price and value comparator and indexer |
US20020133447A1 (en) * | 2001-01-12 | 2002-09-19 | Smartfolios, Inc. | Computerized method and system for formulating stock portfolios |
US7418420B2 (en) * | 2001-01-30 | 2008-08-26 | James Martin Billings | Method and system for providing downside protection of stock market investments |
US7536332B2 (en) * | 2001-02-02 | 2009-05-19 | Rhee Thomas A | Real life implementation of modern portfolio theory (MPT) for financial planning and portfolio management |
US20020128941A1 (en) * | 2001-03-08 | 2002-09-12 | Champion Robert R. | Techniques for generating and managing electronic investment contracts |
US20020161690A1 (en) * | 2001-03-16 | 2002-10-31 | Trumarkets, Inc. | System, medium and method for trading fixed income securities |
US20030028468A1 (en) * | 2001-05-04 | 2003-02-06 | Imarkets Technologies Limited | Customized derivative securities |
US7418416B2 (en) * | 2001-06-20 | 2008-08-26 | Morgan Stanley | Gamma trading tool |
CA2403300A1 (en) * | 2002-09-12 | 2004-03-12 | Pranil Ram | A method of buying or selling items and a user interface to facilitate the same |
US7389261B1 (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2008-06-17 | Goldman Sachs & Co. | Method for structuring a debt issue utilizing a closed block business entity |
US7359875B1 (en) * | 2001-07-06 | 2008-04-15 | Goldman Sachs & Co. | Method for strucuring an equity issue utilizing a closed block business entity |
SE0103642D0 (en) * | 2001-11-01 | 2001-11-01 | Om Technology Ab | A method and a system for improved trading of options and futures and combinations thereof |
US7668773B1 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2010-02-23 | Placemark Investments, Inc. | Portfolio management system |
US7379911B2 (en) * | 2001-12-26 | 2008-05-27 | Espeed, Inc. | Systems and methods for providing financial instruments including contrary positions |
US8732061B2 (en) * | 2001-12-27 | 2014-05-20 | Bgc Partners, Inc. | Creating and trading dynamic securities |
SE0201756L (en) * | 2002-06-10 | 2003-12-11 | Om Technology Ab | Procedures and systems for improved trade with combinations and thereby generated baits |
EP1588296A4 (en) * | 2002-07-20 | 2007-11-28 | Chicago Climate Exchange Inc | Emission reduction trading system and method |
JP2006508480A (en) * | 2002-11-26 | 2006-03-09 | アグサート・インターナショナル・エルエルシー | System and method for tracking environmental emission reductions |
US20050091133A1 (en) * | 2003-10-23 | 2005-04-28 | Glenn Ballman | A System and method for creating a capitalization table of a company |
US20050108148A1 (en) * | 2003-11-17 | 2005-05-19 | Charles Carlson | System and method of investing in a market |
US7739183B2 (en) * | 2004-06-03 | 2010-06-15 | Voudrie Jeffrey D | Real-time client portfolio management system |
US20060089851A1 (en) * | 2004-10-25 | 2006-04-27 | Silby D W | Informing consumers about carbon usage based on purchases |
JP4676800B2 (en) * | 2005-03-30 | 2011-04-27 | 大阪瓦斯株式会社 | Carbon dioxide emission reduction credit utilization system |
EP1915678A4 (en) * | 2005-08-02 | 2010-08-04 | Monitoring, alerting and confirming resolution of critical business and regulatory metric | |
US7689494B2 (en) * | 2006-03-23 | 2010-03-30 | Advisor Software Inc. | Simulation of portfolios and risk budget analysis |
US7636681B2 (en) * | 2006-12-27 | 2009-12-22 | Cfph, Llc | Methods and systems for generating an investment trust comprising neutralized securities |
-
2007
- 2007-02-15 US US11/675,294 patent/US7636681B2/en active Active - Reinstated
-
2008
- 2008-02-11 AU AU2008216436A patent/AU2008216436A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-02-11 WO PCT/US2008/053533 patent/WO2008100834A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-02-11 EP EP08729486A patent/EP2111603A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-02-11 JP JP2009549673A patent/JP5340959B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-02-11 CA CA002678497A patent/CA2678497A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2009
- 2009-10-17 US US12/581,125 patent/US8732058B2/en active Active
-
2012
- 2012-09-15 US US13/620,811 patent/US8930255B2/en active Active
-
2014
- 2014-12-22 US US14/578,806 patent/US20150235315A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20050283428A1 (en) * | 2001-06-05 | 2005-12-22 | Carlton Bartels | Systems and methods for electronic trading of carbon dioxide equivalent emission |
US20060184445A1 (en) * | 2002-07-20 | 2006-08-17 | Richard Sandor | Systems and methods for trading emission reductions |
US20070016511A1 (en) * | 2004-10-27 | 2007-01-18 | Michael Walsh | Method for facilitating the sale of a commodity |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP2111603A4 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2008216436A1 (en) | 2008-08-21 |
US8930255B2 (en) | 2015-01-06 |
JP2010519610A (en) | 2010-06-03 |
US20130132300A1 (en) | 2013-05-23 |
CA2678497A1 (en) | 2008-08-21 |
EP2111603A1 (en) | 2009-10-28 |
JP5340959B2 (en) | 2013-11-13 |
US20150235315A1 (en) | 2015-08-20 |
EP2111603A4 (en) | 2011-12-14 |
US8732058B2 (en) | 2014-05-20 |
US7636681B2 (en) | 2009-12-22 |
US20080162372A1 (en) | 2008-07-03 |
US20100049667A1 (en) | 2010-02-25 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US7636681B2 (en) | Methods and systems for generating an investment trust comprising neutralized securities | |
CA3169998A1 (en) | Artificial intelligence selection and configuration | |
US20070276744A1 (en) | Systems and methods for facilitating completion of repurchase agreements | |
US8666851B2 (en) | Engine, system and method of providing cloud-based business valuation and associated services | |
US20150088564A1 (en) | Engine, system and method of providing cloud-based business valuation and associated services | |
US20210374861A1 (en) | System and method for a global peer to peer retirement savings system | |
AU2008232544A1 (en) | Authorization control system and method to determine operation of a controlled device | |
CA2620909A1 (en) | Methods and systems for measuring comparative data | |
Brown | Essays at the intersection of taxation and financial accounting | |
Pittman | Quantitative Investment Models, Errors, and the Federal Securities Laws | |
AU2012202467B2 (en) | Methods and systems for generating an investment trust comprising neutralized securities | |
US20120022989A1 (en) | Method and system for identifying potential parties for a trade of one or more securities | |
AU2007200858B2 (en) | Systems and methods for employing proprietary data | |
AU2015200425A1 (en) | Methods and systems for generating an investment trust comprising neutralized securities | |
US20120310797A1 (en) | Engine, system and method of providing cloud-based business verification and associated services | |
US20120022996A1 (en) | Method and system for identifying primary issuers with ability to sell primary securities | |
US20120011045A1 (en) | Method and system for identifying parties with concentrated positions in securities | |
Oprea et al. | Is Bitcoin ready to be a widespread payment method? Using price volatility and setting strategies for merchants | |
Njau | Earnings management and firm performance of seasoned equity offerings in select African securities markets | |
WO2023091725A1 (en) | Systems, methods, and apparatus for monitoring, adjusting, and mirroring electronic transactions across transaction environments | |
Morrison | The Unintended Consequences of Scenario Post-processing in the Valuation of Insurance Liabilities | |
AU2011221405A1 (en) | Systems and methods for facilitating completion of repurchase agreements |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 08729486 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2009549673 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2008216436 Country of ref document: AU Ref document number: 2678497 Country of ref document: CA |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2008729486 Country of ref document: EP |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2008216436 Country of ref document: AU Date of ref document: 20080211 Kind code of ref document: A |