WO2008084100A2

WO2008084100A2 - Device for keeping away insects from an outdoor area section

Info

Publication number: WO2008084100A2
Application number: PCT/EP2008/050297
Authority: WO
Inventors: Burkhard Bauer; Peter-Henning Clausen
Original assignee: Freie Universität Berlin
Priority date: 2007-01-12
Filing date: 2008-01-11
Publication date: 2008-07-17
Also published as: WO2008084100A3

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for keeping away insects from an outdoor area section, comprising a shielding element (3), at least one part of said shielding element (3) comprising an insecticide that can be transmitted to insects touching the shielding element (3). According to the invention, the shielding element comprises a plurality of individual microcapsules (10) which contain the insecticide (13) in their respective interior (11), characterized in that the insecticide is enclosed by an envelope (12) surrounding the interior (11) of the individual microcapsules (10). Alternatively, the device is arranged in an outdoor area that is delimited by a fence device in which animals can move freely right to said fence device. Furthermore, the device can be configured as a mobile system so that it can be removed as a structural unit from its installation site to be put up at a new installation site. The invention also relates to the use of a corresponding device.

Description

Device for keeping insects out of a section of an open air area

description

The present invention relates to a device for keeping away insects from a section of an open-air area according to the preambles of claims 1, 3 and 4, respectively. The invention further relates to a use of a corresponding device according to the preamble of claim 23 and a method according to the preamble of the claim 27th

Sucking and stinging insects lead to a significant impairment of animal health. In Europe, especially horses are attacked during the pasture by brakes and other pest insects and significantly disturbed in their well-being.

The group of pest insects includes insects that visit a host animal to prick blood or absorb body exudates. Insects from this group can also transmit some pathogens. The following species or families are among the pest insects:

Nematocera (mosquitoes), in particular Culicidae (mosquitoes) with anophelins and culicins; Psychodidae (butterfly mosquitoes), Simuliidae (blackflies) and Ceratopogonidae (biting midges), - Brachycera (flies) with Tabanidae (brakes), Glossinidae (tsetse flies),

Muscidae (real flies), Calliphoridae (blowflies) and Oestridae (flies).

Massive infestation by various Culicoides species (midges) causes the formation of so-called summer eczema in horses. The clinical prevalence of this disease is estimated at 10% of the total horse population, which includes about 3 million individuals in Germany.

In the case of feared climate change, the likelihood of transmission of previously exotic pathogens will also increase. In this context, the outbreak of so-called bluetongue in sheep and cattle in several Central European countries has already been observed. The bluetongue disease is transmitted by gnats.

In the prior art, the defense or control of sucking and stabbing insects is predominantly limited to the use of insecticides directly on the animal and to the application of insecticides in the vicinity of the animals to be protected. In both cases, the effectiveness of the insecticides used only last a few days, sometimes even just a few hours. In horses, in addition, horse blankets are used to ward off biting midges. In areas with a high density of insects, the animals are kept in the barn during the day and only have access to grazing during the night.

From EP 1 41 1 764 A1 a fence for preventing intrusion of deep-flying insects in an open-air area is known, which surrounds the outdoor area in whole or in part. It is provided in particular to completely surround a paddock or pasture as outdoor area with the fence to the entire paddock or

Keep grazing area clear of deep-flying insects. In this way, the penetration of low-flying insects into large areas can be prevented. The insecticide is applied by impregnation and / or incorporation in a part of the fence.

From DE 10 2004 037 752 A1, fibers and textile fabrics are known which, in order to achieve a higher level of wearing comfort, are provided in particular with cosmetic substances, some of which are microencapsulated on the fibers and textile fabrics. DE 10 2004 037 752 A1 also describes processes for the preparation of microcapsules which can be used in the context of the present invention.

Comparable fields of application for microcapsules are known from WO 03/093571 A1, US Pat. No. 6,355,263, EP 0 436 729 A1 and DE 2 318 336 OS. The term "microcapsule" or "nanocapsule" is understood by those skilled spherical aggregates having a diameter in the range of about 0.0001 to about 5 mm and preferably 0.005 to 0.5 mm, the at least one solid or liquid core (the interior of the Microcapsule) enclosed by at least one continuous shell. More specifically, it is finely dispersed liquid or solid phases coated with film-forming polymers, in the preparation of which the polymers precipitate on the material to be enveloped after emulsification and coacervation or interfacial polymerization.

According to another method, molten waxes are taken up in a matrix ("microsponge") which, as microparticles, can additionally be encased with film-forming polymers. According to a third method, particles are alternately coated with polyelectrolytes of different charge ("layer-by-layer"). Method). The microscopic capsules can be dried like powder.

Besides mononuclear microcapsules, multinuclear aggregates, also called microspheres, are known, which contain two or more cores distributed in the continuous shell material. Mono- or polynuclear microcapsules can also be enclosed by an additional second, third, etc., sheath. The shell may be made of natural, semi-synthetic or synthetic materials.

Natural shell materials are, for example, gum arabic, agar-agar, agarose, maltodextrin, alginic acid or its salts, eg. For example, sodium or calcium alginate, fats and fatty acids, cetyl alcohol, collagen, chitosan, lecithins, gelatin, albumin, shellac, polysaccharides such as starch or dextran, polypeptides, protein hydrolysates, sucrose and waxes.

Semisynthetic shell materials include chemically modified celluloses, especially cellulose esters and ethers, eg. As cellulose acetate, ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose, and starch derivatives, in particular starch ethers and esters.

Synthetic envelope materials are, for example, polymers such as polyacrylates, polyamides, polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinylpyrrolidone. Examples of microcapsules of the prior art are the following commercial products (in

The cladding material in each case): Hallcrest Microcapsules (gelatin,

Gum arabic), Coletica thalaspheres (marine collagen), Lipotec millicapsules (alginic acid, agar-agar), induchem unispheres (lactose, microcrystalline cellulose,

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose); Unicerin C30 (lactose, microcrystalline cellulose,

Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose), Kobo Glycospheres (modified starch, fatty acid esters,

Phospholipids), softspheres (modified agar-agar) and cow's probiol nanospheres

(Phospholipids) as well as Primaspheres and Primasponges (chitosan, alginates) and Primasys (phospholipids).

The present invention has for its object to provide a device that provides living beings, especially grazing animals, protection against insects. In particular, an insecticide should be kept on the device for as long as possible. Preferably, the device can be set up as easily as possible at different locations. The invention is further based on the object of specifying a suitable use for the device and to provide a method and a device for producing the device.

This object is achieved with a device for keeping away insects from a section of an open-air area with the features of claim 1. Such a device has a shielding element to be erected at a site of the open air area, wherein at least a part of the shielding element comprises an insecticide that contaminates insects that come into contact with the shielding element and is suitable for killing pest insects that particularly want to attack grazing livestock ,

According to the invention, it is provided that the shielding element of the device comprises a multiplicity of individual microcapsules which contain an insecticide in their interior, a shell surrounding the interior of the microcapsule. It is conceivable that more than one shell surrounds the interior of the individual microcapsules. Likewise, the interior of the individual microcapsules need not consist of a single core, but may, as already mentioned, have multiple cores. Preferably, the microcapsules are used as preparations in the form of aqueous dispersions having a solids content in the range of 5 to 50 weight percent, preferably 10 to 40 weight percent and in particular 15 to 30 weight percent. The object is also achieved with a device for keeping away insects from a section of an open-air area with the features of claim 3. Such a device has a shielding element to be erected at a site of the open air area, wherein at least a part of the shielding element has an insecticide that contaminates insects that come into contact with the shielding element and is suitable for killing pest insects that particularly want to attack grazing livestock , According to the invention, the device is to be arranged within a free-space area bounded by a fencing device, in particular by a fence, whereby animals - in particular grazing animals such as horses, cows, sheep, goats etc. - are essentially free within the bounded open-air area up to the fencing device can move. It is also conceivable that the animals are pinned in the limited outdoor area and their radius of movement is correspondingly lower.

The object underlying the invention is also achieved with a device for keeping away insects from a portion of an open-air area with the features of claim 4. Thereafter, it is envisaged that the device is designed to be mobile, so that it can be removed as a structural unit from its site and placed on a new site. As a structural unit, the device is considered as such, possibly in conjunction with other identically designed devices. By this mobility or mobility, which can be achieved for example by the arrangement of roller wheels or other moving elements, the device can be handled flexibly and easily placed in different places and removed again. Also, transportation between the various sites is easily possible due to this mobility. Instead of certain movement elements, the device may also feet or in the ground easily anchored posts.

In a variant, the shielding element of each of the two last-mentioned devices can also have a multiplicity of individual microcapsules, in whose respective interior the insecticide is arranged and enclosed by a shell surrounding the interior of the individual microcapsules.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the envelope surrounding the interior of the microcapsule is configured such that the insecticide can reach the respective surfaces of the individual microcapsules. In this case, the shell preferably causes a slower release of the insecticide from the interior of the microcapsule to the surface the shell. This can be made possible for example by a slow diffusion through the shell. Because of these properties, it is possible that the insecticide will be available on the shielding element of the device for a significantly longer period of time than if it were applied directly to the shielding element.

In an alternative embodiment of the invention, it is also conceivable that the shell is impermeable to the insecticide and the insecticide is then released when the shell of the microcapsule is destroyed or (partially) broken. Such destruction can be achieved for example by an increased mechanical stress or by over the course of time, for example, by external influences diminishing stability of the shell.

In order to allow a good connection of the individual microcapsules with the shielding element and thus to ensure a long-lasting connection of the microcapsule with the shielding element, the individual microcapsules are connected directly by means of their shell or by means of a binding substance arranged on the shell with the shielding. Suitable binding substances are, in particular, the following substances: polymeric melamine compounds, polymeric glyoxal compounds, polymeric silicone compounds, epichlorohydrin-crosslinked polyamidoamines, poly (meth) acrylates, polyalkylene glycols and polymers

Fluorocarbons.

Polymeric melamine compounds consist of melamines, with melamine (synonym: 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine) usually being prepared by trimerization of dicyandiamide or by cyclization of urea with elimination of carbon dioxide and ammonia. For the purposes of the invention, melamine refers to oligomeric or polymeric condensation products of melamine with formaldehyde, urea, phenol or mixtures thereof.

Polymeric glyoxal compounds are glyoxalene, wherein glyoxal (synonym: oxaldehyde, ethanedial) is prepared by vapor phase oxidation of ethylene glycol with air in the presence of silver catalysts. For the purposes of the invention, glyoxals are understood as meaning the self-condensation products of glyoxal ("polyglyoxals").

Polymeric silicone compounds consist of suitable silicone compounds, which include, for example, dimethylpolysiloxanes, methylphenyl-polysiloxanes, cyclic silicones and amino, fatty, alcohol, polyether, epoxy, fluorine, glycoside and / or alkyl modified silicone compounds which are preferably solid or resinous at room temperature. Also suitable are Si-methicones, which are mixtures of dimethicones having an average chain length of from 200 to 300 dimethylsiloxane units and hydrogenated silicates.

Epichlorohydrin crosslinked polyamidoamines, also referred to as "fibrabones" or "wet strength resins", are well known in textile and paper technology and can be produced by the methods of preparation described in the prior art.

The term poly (meth) acrylates are homo- and copolymerization of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and optionally their esters, especially their esters with lower alcohols, such as. As methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, the isomeric butanols, cyclohexanol and the like, which are obtained in a conventional manner, for example by free-radical polymerization under UV irradiation. Typically, the average molecular weight of the polymers is between 100 and 10,000, preferably between 200 and 5,000 and in particular between 400 to 2,000 daltons.

The term polyalkylene glycols is to be understood as meaning homo- and copolymerization products of ethylene, propylene and optionally butylene oxide. The condensation of the alkylene oxides can be carried out in a manner known per se in the presence of alkaline catalysts, although acid catalysis is preferred. If mixtures of, for example, ethylene oxide and propylene oxide are used, the polymers can have a block or random distribution. Typically, the average molecular weight of the polymers is between 100 and 10,000, preferably between 200 and 5,000 and in particular between 400 to 2,000 daltons.

The use ratio between microcapsules and binding substance may be 90:10 to 10:90, preferably 75:25 to 25:75 and especially 60:40 to 40:60 parts by weight. Depending on the method of preparation and use ratio of microcapsules and binding substances different types of adhesion can be realized. When using a smaller

Amount of binding substance (for example, at a weight ratio between

Microcapsules and binding substance greater than or equal to 50:50) adhere the microcapsules in a layer of the binding substance on the corresponding substrate (that is, preferably on the shielding element of the device according to the invention), what to do leads that a direct contact with the shell of the microcapsule is possible. It is obvious that this type of adhesion ("carrier type") due to mechanical friction can very quickly lead to a release of the active ingredient.

If, on the other hand, a larger amount of binding substance is used (for example with a weight ratio between microcapsules and binding substance of less than 50:50), then this is generally sufficient to not only affix the microcapsules to the substrate, but also to coat them with them to provide a coating ("igloo type").

The casings of the microcapsules thus arranged on a substrate are not directly exposed, with the result that the insecticides contained in them may preferably be released in smaller amounts through the binding substance layer, but are effective over a longer period of time.

The binding substance is preferably designed such that the insecticide, which passes from the interior of the microcapsule through the shell to the surface of the microcapsule, can also pass through the binder (for example by diffusion). In an alternative embodiment of the invention, it may also be provided that the binder is impermeable to the insecticide and must first be removed so that the insecticide originating from the interior of the microcapsule is presented on the shielding element such that it can be transferred to an insect, which comes into contact with the shielding element of the device.

In order to enable as many populations of microcapsules as possible in relation to the period within which an insecticide is released from inside the microcapsule and with respect to the insecticides to be used, it is preferably provided that the microcapsules are provided with respect to their shell and / or insecticide, which in her

Inside is arranged, different physical, mechanical and / or chemical

Have properties. This makes it possible for some microcapsules to release the insecticide located in their interior very rapidly, while other microcapsules release the insecticide located in their interior only after a very long delay.

Furthermore, it is possible in this way, the inventive device with different

To treat insecticides at the same time, so as to better effect against different

Insect species, in particular Lästlingssectktenarten, which are to be killed by means of the device according to the invention to achieve. Preferably, the shielding element does not have to be separated from other components (not, in particular, posts supporting the shielding element) of the device in order to transport the device from one site to another site. The device is preferably designed so that it can be degraded by a single person of average age and average strength without further aids, transported and rebuilt.

In particular, it is provided in a variant that the device is configured so mobile that it can be removed as a structural unit from its site and placed on a new site.

As a structural unit, the device is considered as such, possibly in conjunction with other identically designed devices. By this mobility or mobility, which can be achieved for example by the arrangement of roller wheels or other moving elements, the device can be handled flexibly and easily placed in different places and removed again. Also, transportation between the various sites is easily possible due to this mobility. Instead of certain movement elements, the device may also feet or in the ground easily anchored posts.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided to arrange the device within a fenced by a fencing device, in particular by a fence, open air, where animals - especially grazing animals such as horses, cows, sheep, goats, etc. - within the limited outdoor area substantially can move freely up to the fencing device. It is also conceivable that the animals are pinned in the limited outdoor area and their radius of movement is correspondingly lower.

The location of the device is preferably a bottom portion of the open air area in which the device is to be set up.

In order to allow the best possible action against flying insects, in particular pest insects, the shielding element preferably extends substantially perpendicularly from the bottom of the open-air area or from the installation site, so that the shielding element constitutes an obstacle for insects oriented substantially perpendicular to the plane of the floor , The shielding member preferably has a height suitable for preventing low-flying larval insects from entering a portion of the open-air area beyond the device. As low-flying pest insects are considered such pest insects that fly at a height of up to about 1, 5 meters or about 1 meter above the ground. It has been found that many species of insects are among the low-flying larval insects, meaning that they fly no higher than 1, 5 feet above the ground.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the shielding element has a height between 0.5 and 1.5 meters and a total height of about 1.1 m to 1.7 m above the ground (that is, it is preferably not directly on the ground but begins only at a distance of about 10 to 20 cm above the ground to be able to provide a crawl through insects). Thus, deep-flying insects do not succeed in flying over the shielding element. Thus, even objects or animals having a height greater than 1, 5 or 1, 7 meters and located behind the device are protected from low-flying insects that would have to pass through the device in order to get to the subject or object in question , As a particularly advantageous height for the shielding a height of about 1 meter has been found in addition to a height of about 1, 5 meters.

To be assembled or disassembled with the least possible effort, the device extends substantially only along a straight line in the plane of the open air area on which the device is arranged or installed. In this case, it is possible to arrange a plurality of devices, possibly offset one behind the other, so that an insect has to pass more than one device in order to pass from a section of the open-air area that lies in front of the devices to a section that lies behind the devices. It is also conceivable to construct a combination of two or more devices in which the respective devices are not arranged in parallel, but at an angle to each other. As a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided to combine two devices in a cross shape with each other.

An advantage of the device according to the invention is that it does not provide a complete

Outdoor area in the form of a pasture or paddock, but that it is preferably arranged on an open-air area, that the lying behind the device portion of the open-air area is small in relation to the entire outdoor area. Thus, within the open air area, a zone is formed in which animals are protected from the intrusion or intrusion of (larval) insects. Compared to a large-scale arrangement of a fence or other means of keeping against insects, this embodiment of the invention has the advantage that it is realized much cheaper and easier to install. A section of an open-air area is particularly small compared to the entire outdoor area if it is less than half, in particular less than one-tenth of the entire outdoor area.

A further advantage of the device according to the invention is that it protects animals in particular against pest insects, while non-target insects or insect species worthy of protection remain substantially unaffected.

In order to achieve a good effect against insects and at the same time to be able to have a high absorption capacity for insecticides, the shielding element of the device is preferably a rigid or flexible (flexible) wall, a foil, a perforated foil, a woven fabric, a perforated composite material and / or a net. Also, combinations of the aforementioned materials are conceivable. A net or a sieve-like structure is particularly advantageous because insects often do not perceive such a structure as an obstacle and approach it directly. Alternatively, the shielding element could also have a color attractive to certain selected insects (target insects) to attract and contact precisely those particular insect species with the shielding element and thus with the insecticide applied thereto.

Regardless of whether the shielding element is constructed as a perforated object or as a net or screen-like structure, openings present in the shielding element are preferably dimensioned so that their size is smaller than the size of the insects reaching the beyond the shielding element by means of the shielding element lying portion of the open air area are to be prevented.

In order to ensure good durability of the shielding element while at the same time being easy to process, the shielding element preferably has polymer fibers treated with an insecticidally active substance. This can be achieved in particular by impregnation and / or incorporation of the insecticidal active ingredient onto the surface or into the interior of the polymer fibers. In this case, the insecticidal active ingredient and the material of the shielding are coordinated so that the insecticidal active ingredient gradually arrives at the surface of the shielding or is compensated by insecticidal active substance removed therefrom by diffusing from the interior of the shielding insecticidal active ingredient.

For an advantageous insecticidal activity, the insecticidal active ingredient preferably comprises a pyrethroid, an organophosphorus compound and / or a carbamate. Further, it may consist of parts or entirely of an insecticide having a sterilizing and / or growth-regulating action on insects. Particularly advantageous insecticides of the abovementioned classes are, in particular, the compounds mentioned in claim 12 or in paragraphs [0038] to [0043] of European patent EP 1 41 1 764 B1, which are expressly incorporated into the present patent application by the above cross-reference.

In order to reduce or prevent decomposition of the insecticide or the material of which the shielding element is formed by means of UV rays, the shielding element is made of a material which is resistant to UV rays or, alternatively or additionally, has a material which protects against UV rays on, which is applied in particular to the shielding.

The device is preferably arranged within an open-air area bounded by a fencing device, in which, in particular, animals can move freely as far as the fencing device. This ensures that not the entire outdoor area, but only a section of the open air area to be protected against insects must be provided with a device according to the invention. In this way, significant problems of environmental pollution, which may arise due to a large area arrangement of an insecticide-treated fence, can be avoided. In particular, it can be prevented in this way that non-noxious insects, which are held by a large area shielded by means of a closed fence area, in an area in which only individual devices according to the invention are able to penetrate. This facilitates, for example, fertilization of flowers and other plants that are located within an area bounded by a fence or other fencing device, which is no longer guaranteed when using an insecticide-treated fence surrounding an open-air area. The entire floral and faunal edge area of an outdoor area bounded by a fencing device will benefit if no insecticide-treated fence is used in this edge area. The object underlying the invention is also achieved by the use of a device according to the invention according to the features of claim 23.

Accordingly, the device for local and / or temporary protection of individual people, animals, tents and / or buildings is used, with an application to protect especially smaller groups of people, animals, tents and / or buildings is provided according to the invention. In particular, a use of the device for the protection of horses on a paddock or other grazing animals on a pasture is advantageous. It is also suitable for protecting people in heavily contaminated areas, such as outdoor sports activities.

In particular, the location of the device is within an outdoor area bounded by a fencing device, in which animals can move freely to the fencing device. The advantages resulting from this use essentially correspond to those explained above.

Particularly preferred is a use of the device according to the invention at resting places, feeding and / or watering places and / or other places accessible to livestock, at which there is an increased incidence of pest insects or is observed regularly. Thus, known "entry lanes" of attacking insects can be selectively shielded.

The use of the device is limited in time to such a time interval, which is shorter than a whole grazing season (this is approximately the period from April to October).

This will give you the local offer of food or water that varies during a grazing season or the varying preferences of certain resting places

(for example, depending on the seasonally varying position of the sun) fair. With such a temporary installation of the device according to the invention can thus be extremely flexible response to the local and temporal circumstances, while maintaining an effective according to the invention protection against insects.

The object underlying the invention is also by a method with the

Characteristics of claim 27 solved. Accordingly, an insecticide is applied to a shielding element of a device according to the invention by arranging the insecticide inside a microcapsule and placing the microcapsule on the shielding element of the device Device is applied. The microcapsule also has a shell surrounding the interior of the microcapsule.

The shell of the microcapsule is preferably configured such that the insecticide can reach the surface of the microcapsule through the shell to the surface.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the microcapsule is brought into contact with the shielding element of the device directly with its sheath or by means of a binding substance arranged on the sheath so as to enable a connection of the microcapsule with the shielding element lasting for a longer period of time.

Further advantages and details of the invention will be illustrated in more detail with reference to the following figures. Show it:

1 shows a first embodiment of a device according to the invention,

2 shows a first combination arrangement of a device according to the invention,

3 shows a second combination arrangement of a device according to the invention,

4 shows a microcapsule which according to the invention is used as insecticide carrier,

5A shows a first possibility of an arrangement of the microcapsule from FIG. 4 on a shielding element of a device according to the invention, FIG.

5B shows a second possibility of an arrangement of the microcapsule of FIG. 4 on a shielding element of a device according to the invention and

5C shows a third possibility of an arrangement of the microcapsule from FIG. 4 on a shielding element of a device according to the invention.

Fig. 1 shows a screen 1 as an embodiment of an inventive

Device consisting of a plurality of substantially parallel to each other arranged posts 2, between each of which an insecticide-treated mesh 3 is arranged as a shielding element. In this case, the network 3 may have a width which is greater than that Distance between two adjacent posts 2 and thus extend over more than two posts 2. Alternatively, it is also possible that the net 3 only has a width which corresponds to the distance between two adjacent posts 2, so that the screen 1 consists of a multiplicity of nets 3 connected to one another and to the posts 2.

For simplicity, in this and in the following figures, only a single plurality of similar networks 3 are marked with the corresponding reference numerals.

The screen 1, the posts 2 and the insecticide-treated network 3 represent a structural unit.

The net 3 extends substantially perpendicularly away from the ground B. It does not extend over the entire height of the post 2, but begins only at a height above the bottom B, which is about 10 to 20 cm. Thus, it is possible that non-flying insects (especially crawling insects) and other non-flying animals can pass under the net 3 into the portion of the open-air area located behind the screen 1.

The screen 1 shown in FIG. 1 has a total height of 1.7 m above the ground (20 cm distance of the net 3 from the ground B at a height of the net 3 of 1.5 m). In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the screen could also have only a total height of 1, 1 m (10 cm distance of the network 3 from the bottom B at a height of the network 3 of 1, 0 m). Similarly, alternative heights between these values are conceivable. The width of the screen 1 is 20 meters. This width of 20 meters is significantly smaller than the dimensions of a grazing area or paddock overall. That is, the screen 1 is not intended to delimit an entire pasture or paddock, but for the strategic protection of individual and limited areas of the paddock or meadow or pasture. The strategic deployment of the screen 1 leads to a reduction of the effort and thus the costs.

Of particular importance are also aspects of environmental protection. Thus, a fence that completely surrounds a pasture or paddock, although the animals in the pasture or paddock also protects against burglar-infested insects, but other protective and rare non-target insects can also be killed when in contact with such a large-scale fence. Such non-target insects include, for example, all wild bees as well as most hover fly species. So could Investigations on a trial area show that the population of hoverflies was significantly reduced within an area completely enclosed by an insecticide treated net fence. The reduction or even threat to the population of endangered or endangered species of insects is not justifiable.

Due to the spatially limited screen 1, the animals standing behind the screen 1 are protected from sucking or stinging insects that approach the animals, while non-target insects are not affected by the screen 1.

For simplified transport of the screen 1 from one location to the next, the posts 2 on its underside in one embodiment of the invention on movement elements 4, by means of which the screen 1 can be easily moved. Alternatively, it is also possible that instead of the moving elements 4 feet are provided, by means of which the screen 1 is placed on the ground B of the pasture area or paddock. In order to ensure mobility of the screen 1, it is not advantageous to permanently anchor the posts 2 in the ground B.

2 shows a first example combination of two screens 1a, 1b, which are arranged slightly offset from one another successively on the bottom B of a paddock or grazing area. Lenten insects that want to get from one side of the screens 1 a, 1 b to the other side, both screens have to pass through 1 a, 1 b, whereby the probability that these insects can overcome this barrier formed from the screens 1a, 1 b , compared to the use of a simple screen 1 (see FIG. 1) is additionally reduced.

The screens 1 a, 1 b of Fig. 2 are in principle similar to the screen 1 of Fig. 1 constructed, that is, they consist of posts 2 and arranged between these posts nets 3, which are treated with insecticide. The height of the screens 1 a, 1 b is 1, 7 m above the ground, while their width is 8 meters. Depending on the condition of the paddock or pasture, on which the screens 1a, 1b are arranged, and the size of the group of animals to be protected, other dimensions of the screens 1a, 1b are also conceivable.

3 shows a second example combination of a device according to the invention, in which two screens 1 c, 1 d are arranged at an angle to each other to form a cross-shaped structure. The general structure of the screens 1c, 1d corresponds to those in the previous described examples, that is, these screens also consist of posts 2 and attached networks 3. The height of the screens 1 c, 1 d is 1, 7 meters above the ground, while their width is 8 meters. Such a cross-shaped arrangement of two screens 1 c, 1 d has the advantage that animals who want to protect themselves from insects, depending on the wind direction in one of the quadrants I to IV of the cross-shaped screen assembly of the screens 1c, 1d can provide. Thus, this combination arrangement provides good protection against insects even in different weather conditions.

The device according to the invention is particularly suitable for controlling biting midges which cause summer eczema in horses and transmit bluetongue disease to sheep and cattle. It is also suitable for controlling grazing in horses and other livestock as well as insects that affect the livestock housing of livestock. By appropriate insect control, the yield obtained by the livestock can be increased, which leads to an increase in the income of the rural population. In medically important issues, such as the control of certain mosquito species or the tsetse fly, when using the device according to the invention a simultaneous control of the occurrence of the questionable insect species is possible. The device is also suitable for protecting tropical shelters, protecting hotels and public buildings, and protecting refugee camps.

FIG. 4 shows a microcapsule 10 which can be used as an insecticide carrier in the context of the present invention. The microcapsule 10 has an inner portion or core to be referred to as interior 11 and a shell 12 surrounding the interior 11. In the interior 11 of the microcapsule 10, an insecticide 13 is arranged. The insecticide 13 may be in pure solid or liquid form, as an aqueous solution or emulsion or dispersion.

The diameter of the microcapsule is in the range between 0.0001 and about 5 mm and preferably in the range between 0.005 and 0.5 mm. As insecticide 13, any commercially available insecticide can be used, with particular preference being given to the insecticides mentioned above in the description of the present invention. FIG. 5a shows a first possibility of arranging a microcapsule 10 on a shielding element 3 of a device according to the invention. In this first possibility, the microcapsule 10 is arranged directly with its shell 12 on the surface of the shielding element 3. This arrangement has the advantage that no additional binding substances are required for binding the microcapsule 10 to the shielding element 3, but at the same time it should be noted that the connection between the microcapsule 10 and the shielding element 3 may not be as stable as when a binding substance is additionally would be used.

FIG. 5b shows a second possibility of arranging a microcapsule 10 on a shielding element 3 of a device according to the invention. In this second possibility, an additional binding substance 14 is used, which is arranged at the lower regions of the shell 12, which are facing the shielding element 3. Thereby, a firmer connection of the microcapsule 10 with the shielding element 3 is made possible because the bearing surface between the shielding element 3 and the microcapsule 10 is increased by the binder 14. The arrangement of the binding substance 14 according to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 5b corresponds to the "carrier type" explained above.

On the side facing away from the shielding element 3 of the microcapsule 10 is further an unrestricted accessibility to the shell 12 and thus to the insecticide 13, which is located inside 1 1 of the microcapsule and can preferably pass through the shell 12, guaranteed. Also, the shell 12 is subject at its side facing away from the shielding element 3 side of the microcapsule substantially the same mechanical stresses to which the shell 12 underlie also without the presence of a binding substance 14. That even with a non-given possibility of passing the insecticide 13 through the shell 12 breaking the envelope 12 to release the insecticide 13 would be possible without restriction to the first possible arrangement of the microcapsule 10 on the shielding element 3.

FIG. 5c shows a third possibility of arranging the microcapsule 10 on the surface of a shielding element 3 of a device according to the invention. In this third possibility, the microcapsule 10 is completely enveloped by a binding substance 14. The binding substance 14 acts in this case as a protective additional shell to the shell 12 of the microcapsule 10. The arrangement of the binding substance 14 according to the embodiment of Figure 5c corresponds to the above-explained "Igloo type". In this case, an insecticide 13 disposed inside 11 of the microcapsule 10 must be able to pass not only through the shell 12 but also through the binding substance 14 to contaminate an organism which comes in contact with the shielding member 3. On the one hand, this can be ensured by the fact that the binding substance 14 is permeable to the insecticide 13, on the other hand, it is also conceivable that the binding substance 14 breaks down due to mechanical stress or due to instability occurring during its lifetime, so that the shell 12 of the microcapsule 10 is exposed.

In order to further enable a good bonding of the microcapsule 10 to the shielding element 3 with such a possible decay of the stability of the binding substance 14, it is preferably provided to keep the thickness of the binding substance 14 on the side of the microcapsule 10 remote from the shielding element 3 lower than on the sides of the microcapsule 10, which face the shielding element 3 and which have an increased binding mediation between the microcapsule 10 and the shielding element 3.

_{* * * * ** * * * *}

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 screen

2 posts

3 network

10 microcapsule

1 1 Inside of the microcapsule

12 shell of the microcapsule

13 insecticide

14 binding substance

B floor

I-IV Stay Quadrant

Claims

claims

A device for keeping insects away from a portion of an open air area, comprising a shielding element (3), wherein at least a part of the shielding element (3)

Insecticide (13) which is transferable to insects which contact the shielding element (3),

characterized,

the shielding element (3) has a multiplicity of individual microcapsules (10), in whose respective interior (1 1) the insecticide (13) is arranged and enclosed by a shell (12) surrounding the interior (11) of the individual microcapsules (10) is.

2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the shielding element (3) at a site, in particular a floor (B), the open-air area is set up.

3. A device for keeping away insects from a section of an open-air area, with a aufzustellenden to a site of the open-air area shielding

(3) wherein at least a portion of the shielding member (3) comprises an insecticide transmissible to insects contacting the shielding member (3),

characterized,

in that the device is arranged within an open-air area bounded by a fencing device, in which animals can move freely up to the fencing device.

4. A device for keeping insects out of a section of an open-air area, with a shielding element (3) to be erected at a location of the open-air area, wherein at least a part of the shielding element (3) comprises an insecticide which is in contact with insects touching the shielding element (3) , is transferable,

characterized, that the device is designed so mobile that it can be removed as a structural unit from its site and placed on a new site.

5. Device according to one of claims 3 to 4, characterized in that the shielding element (3) has a plurality of individual microcapsules (10), arranged in their respective interior (11), the insecticide (13) and of an interior (1 1 ) of the individual microcapsules (10) surrounding envelope (12).

6. Device according to one of claims 1, 2 or 5, characterized in that the sheath (12) is designed such that the insecticide (13) can reach the surface of the individual microcapsules (10).

7. Device according to one of claims 1, 2, 5 or 6, characterized in that the individual microcapsules (10) by means of its shell (12) or by means of a sleeve (12) arranged binding substance (14) with the shielding (3 ) keep in touch.

8. Device according to one of claims 1, 2 or 5 to 7, characterized in that the individual microcapsules (10) with respect to their shell (12) and / or the insecticide (13) different physical, mechanical and / or chemical

Have properties.

9. Device according to one of claims 1, 2 or 5 to 8, characterized in that the respective sheaths (12) of the individual microcapsules (10) with respect to the permeability to the insecticide (13) differ.

10. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3 or 5 to 9, if directly or indirectly related to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the device is designed so mobile that they removed as a structural unit of their site and at a new site can be set up.

1 1. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device is designed such that the shielding element (3) does not have to be separated from other components of the device to remove the device from its site and set up at a new site ,

12. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the site is a portion of a floor (B) of the open air area.

13. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shielding element (3) is aligned substantially perpendicular to the site.

14. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shielding element (3) has a height which is suitable for preventing low-flying insects, in a lying beyond the device portion of a

Open air area to get.

15. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shielding element (3) has a height between 0.5 and 1, 5 m.

16. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device is provided and arranged to extend substantially only along a straight line in the plane of the open air area.

17. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device is dimensioned such that the beyond the device lying portion of the open air area is small compared to the entire outdoor area.

18. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shielding element (3) has a rigid or flexible wall, a film, a perforated

Foil, a fabric, a perforated composite material and / or a network.

19. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shielding element (3) has openings which are dimensioned such that the insects can not pass through the openings and thus on

Be reached the outside of the shielding (3) lying portion of the open-air area are prevented.

20. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shielding element (3) having an insecticide-treated polymer fibers.

21. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insecticide has a pyrethroid, an organophosphorus compound and / or a carbamate and / or is an insecticide with sterilizing and / or growth-regulating effect on insects.

22. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shielding element (3) has a material resistant to UV radiation and / or a UV-protecting material.

23. Use of a device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device for local and / or temporary protection of individual people, animals, tents and / or buildings or a group thereof is used.

24. Use according to claim 23, characterized in that the site is located within a fenced by a fencing outdoor area in which animals can move freely to the fencing device.

25. Use according to claim 23 or 24, characterized in that the device at resting places, feed and / or water points and / or in places where an increased insect occurrence occurs, is used.

26. Use according to any one of claims 23 to 25, characterized in that it is limited to a time interval which is shorter than a grazing season.

27. Method for applying an insecticide to a shielding element (3) of a device according to one of claims 1, 2 or 5 to 9, characterized in that the insecticide (13) is arranged in the interior (11) of a microcapsule (10) which a shell (12) surrounding its interior (11).

28. The method according to claim 27, characterized in that the sheath (12) is designed such that the insecticide (13) can reach the surface of the microcapsule (10).

29. The method according to claim 27 or 28, characterized in that the microcapsule (10) arranged directly with its shell (12) or by means of a on the shell (12) Binding substance (14) with the shielding element (3) of the device is brought into connection.