WO2008043316A1 - Procédé et système de détermination et d'optimisation de la vitesse de débit du réseau sans fil à faible portée - Google Patents

Procédé et système de détermination et d'optimisation de la vitesse de débit du réseau sans fil à faible portée Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008043316A1
WO2008043316A1 PCT/CN2007/070861 CN2007070861W WO2008043316A1 WO 2008043316 A1 WO2008043316 A1 WO 2008043316A1 CN 2007070861 W CN2007070861 W CN 2007070861W WO 2008043316 A1 WO2008043316 A1 WO 2008043316A1
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Prior art keywords
time
network
probability
collision
channel idle
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PCT/CN2007/070861
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Yijin Zhang
Pingping Xu
Pei Liu
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Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Southeast University
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Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd., Southeast University filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Publication of WO2008043316A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008043316A1/zh
Priority to US12/412,670 priority Critical patent/US8208487B2/en
Priority to US13/482,509 priority patent/US8576876B2/en

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/02Arrangements for optimising operational condition
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/16Central resource management; Negotiation of resources or communication parameters, e.g. negotiating bandwidth or QoS [Quality of Service]
    • H04W28/18Negotiating wireless communication parameters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00Wireless channel access, e.g. scheduled or random access
    • H04W74/08Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access]
    • H04W74/0808Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access] using carrier sensing, e.g. as in CSMA

Definitions

  • short-range wireless networks include wireless communication networks such as WPAN (Wireless Personal Area Network) and WSN (Wireless Sensor Network), providing communication solutions for short-range wireless networks such as WPAN and WSN, IEEE 802. 15. 4 standards The MAC (Media Access Control) layer protocol, which specifies a transmission range of about 10 meters at a typical distance of WPAN.
  • WPAN Wireless Personal Area Network
  • WSN Wireless Sensor Network
  • 4 standards The MAC (Media Access Control) layer protocol which specifies a transmission range of about 10 meters at a typical distance of WPAN.
  • WPAN wireless personal area network
  • Potential applications include sensors, remote control toys, smart badges, remote controls and home automation devices.
  • the solutions provided by IEEE 802. 15. 4 are low in power consumption and complexity, allowing battery life to reach months or even years.
  • IEEE802. 15. 4 uses 51 ⁇ (Carrier Sense Multipoint Access) / CA (Collision Avoidance) media access mechanism during the contention access period.
  • the coordinator will send beacons to all sensing devices in the network, and for devices that need to transmit data, it will request the coordinator to transmit. Since only one device can transmit at a time, all devices that want to transmit will perform the CSMA/CA algorithm of the time slot to compete for the right to use the transmission medium.
  • the process of competing for transmission media usage rights includes: all devices that need to transmit data need to monitor whether the current wireless transmission media has other devices in use, and if so, the device generates a random backoff time, waiting for the next perceived channel, if When the current wireless transmission medium is idle, the device can start transmitting data. This process is called a non-persistent CSMA mechanism.
  • the coordinator After receiving the data frame of the device, the coordinator needs to send an acknowledgment frame to the device. If the device does not receive the response frame within the timeout after the data frame is sent (the device waits for the response maximum waiting time), it indicates that the transmission failed.
  • the network access can be optimized according to the corresponding network performance requirements, so as to improve the network access success rate, optimize the network performance, and then optimize the network throughput rate to obtain the desired network.
  • Throughput rate Currently, in a short-range wireless network such as WPAN or WSN, the calculation of the network throughput rate is specifically performed according to the CSMA/CA mechanism in the IEEE802.11 standard. Specifically, the corresponding Markov model can be used to find the conditional probability that the device transmits data under the premise of retreat, and then the derivation formula of the network throughput rate is obtained.
  • a short-range wireless network such as WPAN or WSN is not the same as the CSMA/CA mechanism of IEEE802.11, and the specific differences are as follows:
  • the virtual carrier sensing mechanism is not used in short-range wireless networks such as WPAN or WSN to save power consumption of network devices;
  • IEEE 802.11 uses slot-based CSMA/CA, while short-range wireless networks such as WPAN or WSN can use both slotted and non-slotted mechanisms, and are provided in slot-based CSMA/CA frames.
  • the dedicated contention slot rather than the slot mechanism, has no contention slot settings.
  • the inventors of the present invention have found that: if the CSMA/CA mechanism of IEEE802.11 is adopted in a short-range wireless network such as WPAN or WSN, the essential characteristics of CSMA/CA in short-range wireless networks such as WPAN or WSN are not considered. Therefore, there is a large error in calculating the determined network throughput rate, that is, the performance of CSMA/CA in short-range wireless networks such as WPAN or WSN cannot be truly reflected, which will further result in failure to access the network according to accurate network throughput. Optimization is performed to reduce the network access success rate and cause excessive power consumption of network devices. Moreover, the CCA success probability and throughput calculation process is too cumbersome.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and system for determining and optimizing a short-range wireless network throughput rate, so that an throughput rate parameter of a short-range wireless network such as a WPAN or a WSN can be accurately obtained, so as to facilitate optimization processing for network performance.
  • a short-range wireless network such as a WPAN or a WSN
  • the access performance of the short-range wireless network is effectively improved, and the power consumption of the device is reduced.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for determining a short-range wireless network throughput rate, including:
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a system for determining a short-range wireless network throughput rate, including a time parameter acquisition unit and a network throughput rate determining unit, where: a time parameter obtaining unit, configured to acquire, according to an information transmission feature of the short-range wireless network, each time parameter of the contention access period, and the parameter is determined by a non-persistent carrier sense multi-point access CSMA mechanism;
  • a network throughput determining unit configured to determine, by using each time parameter of the contention access period, a throughput rate of the short-range wireless network.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a method for optimizing the throughput of a short-range wireless network, including:
  • Determining a channel idle evaluation success probability of the network by using each time parameter of the contention access period, and determining a number of network devices in the network according to the channel idle evaluation success probability;
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a system for optimizing short-range wireless network throughput, including a time parameter acquisition unit, a network device number determining unit, and a network optimization processing unit, where:
  • a time parameter obtaining unit configured to acquire, according to an information transmission feature of the short-range wireless network, each time parameter of the contention access period, where the parameter is determined based on a non-persistent CSMA mechanism;
  • a network device number determining unit configured to determine, by using each time parameter of the contention access period, a channel idle evaluation success probability, and determine a number of network devices in the network according to the channel idle evaluation success probability
  • a network optimization processing unit It is used to optimize the network according to the number of network devices, and optimize network throughput.
  • the network optimization method uses a non-persistent CSMA to analyze short-range wireless network CAP such as WPAN or WSN, which simplifies the complexity of the optimization analysis process.
  • the throughput parameters of short-range wireless networks such as WPAN or WSN can be accurately obtained, thereby effectively optimizing the network performance, thereby effectively improving the access performance of the short-range wireless network and reducing the power consumption of the device.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a specific implementation process for determining a network throughput rate according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a first channel model according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a CCA Markov model of a device used in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a post-conflict average idle time Markov model in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a Markov model for the average number of collisions between successful communications in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a specific implementation structure of a system for determining a network throughput rate according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a specific implementation process of network optimization according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a second channel model according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a specific implementation of a network optimization system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram 1 of a network optimization simulation effect provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram 2 of a simulation effect after network optimization according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a corresponding CAP channel model is established based on an information transmission feature of a short-range wireless network such as a WPAN or a WSN using a non-persistent CSMA mechanism, so as to determine a corresponding network throughput based on the channel model.
  • Rate which in turn facilitates optimization of network throughput.
  • the calculation of the network throughput rate can be performed by means of the research cycle concept determined based on the channel model.
  • the device perceives the channel at any time, and transmits the data if the channel is idle. Otherwise, it continues to perceive the channel after delay according to the backoff algorithm.
  • the above algorithm continues on the second perceptual channel. Therefore, the embodiment of the present invention can analyze the short-distance wireless network CSMA/CA such as WPAN or WSN by using the non-persistent CSMA method to determine the corresponding throughput rate parameter.
  • the channel is an ideal channel and there is no hidden terminal
  • the number of devices is a constant value and each device always has the same length of data sent to the coordinator, and, in the actual working environment, Basically, this assumption is met, that is, the amount of data is small and relatively constant, and the channel condition is less likely to change greatly.
  • the network state and performance will enter a new period after a volatility period. The state, so can also be assumed to be constant during the study period.
  • S is defined as the network throughput rate, that is, the proportion of time that the network uses to successfully transmit a valid data load, and specifically the interval of each successful transmission is the research period.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide an implementation scheme for accurately estimating a short-range wireless network throughput rate such as WPAN or WSN.
  • the method includes: firstly, obtaining time parameters of a competition access period according to information transmission characteristics of the short-range wireless network, and the parameters are determined based on non-persistent CSMA; and then calculating according to each time parameter of the competition access period. Determining the throughput of the short-range wireless network.
  • the implementation of determining the throughput rate of the short-range wireless network may specifically calculate, according to each time parameter of the contention access period, the research cycle time value in the network, and the length of the effective data load of the network and the research period. The ratio of time values is used as the throughput of short-range wireless networks.
  • Embodiments of the present invention also provide an implementation scheme for optimizing short-range wireless network throughput. It mainly includes: First, Acquiring, according to the information transmission feature of the short-range wireless network, each time parameter of the contention access period, the parameter being determined based on the non-persistent CSMA mechanism; and then determining, by using the time parameters, determining a channel idle evaluation success probability of the network, and according to the The channel idle evaluation success probability determines the number of network devices in the network; finally, the network access distribution is optimized according to the number of network devices to optimize the network throughput rate.
  • the information transmission feature includes but is not limited to: a) a single node sends a small data rate, and the transmitted data packet is not large; b) a large number of devices supported by the network; c) adopts CSMA
  • the /CA mechanism which has the characteristics of a non-persistent CSMA mechanism, supports both slotted and non-slotted mechanisms.
  • the above time parameters determined based on the non-persistent CSMA mechanism may be any of the following:
  • the network throughput estimation algorithm provided by the embodiment of the present invention further proposes a markov (Markov) model of device perceptual channel probability in the specific implementation process, and determines a perceptual channel probability based on the model (such as a CCA success probability and a backoff time for the first time).
  • the probability of CCA conditions, etc. and the estimated results of two consecutive CCA success probabilities.
  • timeout maximum waiting time of device waiting for response
  • the network throughput rate of the CAP (competition access period) of the short-distance wireless network such as WPAN or WSN is proposed based on the non-persistent CSMA, so as to quantitatively measure the performance of the network, and
  • the optimization result of the network throughput rate can be realized according to the quantitative result as a basis for judging whether the network optimization process reaches the expected goal.
  • the embodiment of the present invention first provides an implementation method for determining a network throughput rate in a short-range wireless network.
  • the specific implementation process is as shown in FIG. 1 and includes the following steps:
  • Step 11 determining each time parameter included in the research period
  • each research period may specifically include: a collision transmission time coll, a successful transmission time Succ, an idle time Idle_succ after success, an idle time Idle_coll after collision, and a CCA time, where the CCA time is not calculated in the idle period.
  • the specific time parameter of each research cycle may also be as shown in FIG. 8, including the collision transmission time col l, the successful transmission time Succ, the idle time Idle, and the CCA time; at this time, the idle time is not divided into the idle after successful.
  • the channel model shown in FIG. 2 is specifically taken as an example, and the principle involved in the specific implementation process is also applicable to the channel model shown in FIG. 8.
  • Step 12 Calculate the average number of collisions during the study period
  • Step 13 Calculate the throughput rate of the network according to the time parameter and the average number of collisions in the research period;
  • Tidle - cM are the average idle time after collision transmission and the average idle time after successful transmission, respectively;
  • is the average number of conflicts within a research cycle; "And the network time occupied by the conflict communication (ie, the collision transmission time) and the network time occupied by the successful communication (that is, the successful transmission time); the network time occupied by the CCA (gpcCA time).
  • this communication is the conditional probability of conflict and success
  • n is the number of network devices, that is, the number of devices in a star network
  • 7 is the retreat of a certain device Under the premise of the conditional probability of the first CCA
  • 7 ⁇ to is the packing processing time
  • 7 is the response confirmation time
  • r wflft is the waiting time.
  • Wi is the current backoff count maximum value
  • m is the current backoff number
  • 1-v is the continuous two CCA success probability
  • (i j) is the backoff state.
  • '' 2 is the average number of consecutive two idle slots in a study period, which is the number of consecutive two slots in a study period.
  • the average number of collisions within the study period can be calculated.
  • the timeout time is 2.7 time slots, which is greater than the time required for CCA (2 time slots), so devices that do not participate in the last conflict communication may compete during the timeout period. Obtaining the opportunity to perceive and access the channel, on the contrary, the device participating in the last conflict communication during this period must be in a state of waiting for a response.
  • the post-conflict idle period can be divided into two competition periods: timeout time (the period corresponding to gptimeout) and other idle time (ie, the period other than timeout in idle time).
  • slot i represents the number of idle slots in the network before the device starts the first CCA after the collision, and the first CCA is stored in the device during the timeout period.
  • probability, ⁇ is the probability that the device for the first time in the presence of other CCA idle periods. Since the device participating in the collision retreats up to 7 slot-aware channels after the timeout period, i is equal to 10.
  • Xi is the probability of slot i, specifically:
  • Equation ( 16) is the probability that there are i devices participating in the collision.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a system for determining the throughput of a short-range wireless network.
  • the specific implementation structure is as shown in FIG. 6, and includes a time parameter obtaining unit and a network throughput determining unit, where:
  • a time parameter obtaining unit configured to acquire, according to an information transmission feature of the short-range wireless network, each time parameter of the contention time zone, where the parameter is determined by a non-persistent carrier sense multi-point access CSMA mechanism;
  • the time parameters may be channel idle evaluation time, collision transmission time, successful transmission time, and idle time; or, may be channel idle evaluation time, collision transmission time, successful transmission time, idle time after collision transmission And the idle time after the collision is transmitted; or, it can be the collision transmission time, the successful transmission time, and the idle time including the channel idle evaluation time.
  • a combination of other time parameters may be selected as the time parameters corresponding to the short-range wireless network channel model.
  • the network throughput rate determining unit specifically includes a research cycle time determining unit and a network throughput rate calculating unit, where:
  • a study cycle time determining unit configured to determine a study cycle time according to an average number of collisions in the study period and the time parameters
  • a network throughput calculation unit configured to calculate a ratio of a valid data load length to the research cycle time, and as a network throughput value
  • the average number of collisions calculation unit in the research period is used to provide the average number of collisions in the research period for the research cycle time determining unit, and the unit is specifically:
  • the conditional probability of the first channel idle evaluation is specifically provided by a conditional probability calculation unit of the first channel idle evaluation, which is specifically based on the average number of consecutive two idle time slots in the research period and two consecutive The number of time slots determines the success probability of the two consecutive channel idle assessments, and determines the conditional probability of the first channel idle assessment based on two consecutive channel idle assessment success probabilities.
  • the embodiment of the present invention proposes to analyze the short-distance wireless network CAP such as WPAN or WSN by non-persistent CSMA, which simplifies the analysis process. Meanwhile, the embodiment of the present invention proposes a method for estimating the CCA probability and the CCA success probability of the device according to the channel model. The CCA estimation method is more reasonable and greatly simplified. In addition, the embodiment of the present invention also considers the impact of the timeout period on the throughput performance, and proposes an analysis method based on the timeout period, which corrects the estimated value of the throughput rate, so that The results are more accurate.
  • the method mainly includes: First, calculating the number of actual network devices included in the current network based on the established CAP channel model, and then calculating and determining a backoff window value that can obtain an optimal network throughput rate of the current network, and then using the The backoff window value optimizes the access competition process of the network device.
  • Step 71 Determine a time parameter of the research cycle
  • each research period includes: collision transmission time, successful transmission time, idle time (including idle time after success and idle time after collision), and CCA. time.
  • the CCA period is not counted during the idle period.
  • Step 72 Determine the throughput rate S of the network and the average length of time of the research period; Formula (17)
  • t v (N c + 1) ⁇ (2 ⁇ T CCA + T idle ) + N c T coll + T s ( 18)
  • is the length of the effective data load, which is the average length of the study period
  • 7 ⁇ is the idle time, which is the average idle time between transmissions
  • is the average number of collisions within a study period
  • is the average number of collisions within a study period
  • "And ⁇ are the network time occupied by the conflict and successful communication respectively
  • cci is the CCA time, which is the network time occupied by the CCA.
  • is the number of devices in a star network
  • 7 is the conditional probability that a device is in the first CCA on the premise of backoff.
  • Step 73 Based on the channel model, propose conditions for bringing the network throughput rate close to the theoretical limit
  • Step 74 Calculate the probability of CCA success
  • the average CCA success probability is obtained by using the channel model of Figure 8:
  • the numerator is the average number of consecutive two idle time slots in a study period
  • the denominator is the number of consecutive two time slots in one research cycle.
  • Step 75 Estimate the number of network devices based on the average CCA success probability; each device can accurately estimate the number of network devices by using (the number of CCAs between the average successful CCAs of the device), specifically: Equation ( 26 ) The number of network devices up to here can be derived from equation (26):
  • Step 76 Estimate and correct the number of network devices in each successful CCA cycle of each device.
  • the specific processing formula is as follows:
  • Step 77 Perform network optimization processing by using the number of network devices estimated by equation (28) and the backoff window value calculated by equation (24);
  • CCA in each successful cycle using as a competitive ⁇ CC level network feedback signal using formula (27 -28) estimating the number of network devices, determining the corresponding backoff window value based on the number of network devices according to formula (24), and using the backoff window value to approximate the optimization of the access competition mode of the network device, Achieve optimized processing for the network, improve the access success rate of the network device, and then achieve the optimal throughput of the network.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a system for optimizing short-range wireless network throughput.
  • the specific implementation structure is as shown in FIG. 9, and includes a time parameter obtaining unit, a network device number determining unit, and a network optimization processing unit, where:
  • a time parameter obtaining unit configured to acquire, according to an information transmission feature of the short-range wireless network, each time parameter of the contention access period, where the parameter is determined based on the non-persistent CSMA;
  • the time parameters may be channel idle evaluation time, collision transmission time, successful transmission time, and idle time; or, may be channel idle evaluation time, collision transmission time, successful transmission time, idle time after collision transmission And the idle time after the collision is transmitted; or, it can be the collision transmission time, the successful transmission time, and the idle time including the channel idle evaluation time.
  • a combination of other time parameters can be selected as the time parameters corresponding to the short-range wireless network channel model.
  • the corresponding time parameters include channel idle evaluation time, collision transmission time, successful transmission time, and idle time.
  • a network device number determining unit configured to calculate a channel idle evaluation success probability of the network by using each time parameter of the contention access period, and determine short-range wireless according to the channel idle evaluation success probability and the time parameter calculation The number of network devices in the network;
  • the network device number determining unit further includes a network device number correction processing unit, where the specific execution of the unit is: using a smoothing factor to determine the number of network devices in the current channel idle evaluation success period and the end of the current channel idle evaluation success period. After the number of network devices is corrected, the number of network devices in the success period of the next channel idle evaluation is obtained;
  • the number of network devices after the end of the current channel idle evaluation success period is determined according to a conditional probability of the first channel idle assessment based on the collision transmission time, the channel idle evaluation success probability, and the backoff time.
  • the network device number determining unit may further include a channel idleness assessment success probability calculation unit, where the unit is configured to provide a channel idleness assessment success probability parameter for the network device number determining unit, and the unit is specifically based on an average number of collision times in the research period. And calculating, according to each time parameter, the channel idle assessment success probability;
  • the average number of collisions in the research period may be: a ratio of the probability of the current communication collision after the last successful communication to the probability of success of the previous communication after the last collision, and both probability values are based on the equipment backoff time.
  • the conditional probability of the first channel idle assessment is determined.
  • the network optimization processing unit is configured to optimize the network according to the number of the network devices, and further optimize the throughput of the short-range wireless network, and the unit may specifically include:
  • a backoff window value determining unit configured to calculate, according to the number of network devices and the time parameter of the network, a backoff window value corresponding to the throughput rate in the network;
  • Optimizing the processing execution unit, and optimizing the network according to the backoff window value that is, re-adjusting the access competition mode (backoff mechanism) of each network device, so that each device can obtain a higher access success rate.
  • optimization is achieved to improve network throughput.
  • the simulation test shows that after the network optimization method provided by the embodiment of the present invention is applied to the network, the network throughput can be optimized within a short time after the number of network devices changes. The following will be explained in conjunction with two simulation examples.
  • the simulation result of the first simulation example is shown in FIG. 10, specifically, the number of network starting devices is 5, and 15 devices join the network after 80 seconds of running on the network, and FIG. 10 shows the throughput rate of the network within 4 minutes. Simulation curves show that after a short period of throughput fluctuations, the network tends to stabilize and reach new optimal values:
  • the simulation result of the second simulation example is shown in Figure 11.
  • the number of network start devices is 5. After 35 seconds of network operation, 35 devices join the network.
  • Figure 11 shows the simulation curve of the throughput rate within 4 minutes of the network. It can also be seen from this example that after a short period of large throughput fluctuations, the network tends to stabilize and reach a new optimal value.
  • the network throughput rate is still Maintain a level close to the theoretical limit. Similarly, it can be predicted that network energy utilization will not deteriorate sharply as the level of network competition changes.
  • the embodiment of the present invention uses a non-persistent CSMA to analyze a short-distance wireless network CAP such as WPAN or WSN (competitive access time)
  • a short-distance wireless network CAP such as WPAN or WSN (competitive access time)
  • WPAN short-distance wireless network CAP
  • WSN competitive access time
  • the impact on the throughput performance, the analysis method based on the timeout period is given, and the estimated value of the throughput rate is corrected, so that the estimation result of the throughput rate is more accurate.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides an implementation scheme for accurately estimating the network throughput rate of a short-range wireless network such as a WPAN or a WSN, and provides a reliable and accurate analysis tool and method for network performance evaluation, thereby improving the overall performance of the network. Guarantee the interests of users and the quality of business services.
  • the non-persistent CSMA is used to analyze the short-distance wireless network CAP such as WPAN or WSN, which simplifies the optimization analysis process.
  • the CCA success probability of the device is estimated according to the channel model, which makes the CCA estimation more reasonable and greatly simplified.
  • the embodiment of the present invention also provides a relatively simple method for estimating the number of network devices per device, which does not require any additional requirements on the hardware.
  • the embodiment of the present invention can make the network throughput rate of the short-distance wireless network CSMA/CA such as WPAN or WSN close to the theoretical limit, and effectively improve the network energy utilization rate while optimizing the throughput rate.

Description

确定及优化短距离无线网络吞吐率的方法及系统 技术领域 本发明涉及通信技术领域,尤其涉及一种确定及优化短距离无线网络吞吐率的方法 及系统。 发明背景 目前, 短距离无线网络包括 WPAN (无线个人区域网络)和 WSN (无线传感器网络) 等无线通信网络, 为给 WPAN和 WSN等短距离无线网络提供通信解决方案, IEEE802. 15. 4 标准制定了 MAC (媒体接入控制)层协议, 其规定的传输范围在 WPAN的典型距离 10米左 右。
WPAN的主要特点是低速率、低功耗、低复杂度和大量的无线节点。其潜在的应用领 域有传感器、遥控玩具、 智能徽章、遥控器和家庭自动化装置等。 IEEE802. 15. 4提供的 解决方案的能耗和复杂度都很低, 使得电池寿命可以达到几个月甚至几年。
IEEE802. 15. 4在竞争访问时段采用 51^ (载波侦听多点接入) /CA (冲突避免) 媒 介访问机制。 目前, 在主要基于时隙 CSMA/CA机制的网络中, 协调器会在网络中发出信 标给所有的感测设备, 而对于需要传送数据的设备来说, 其会向协调器要求进行传送。 由于在一个时间内只能有一个设备进行传输, 因此, 所有想要传输的设备就会进行时隙 的 CSMA/CA算法来竞争传输媒体的使用权。
竞争传输媒体使用权的处理过程包括:所有需要传输数据的设备需要监测目前的无 线传输媒体是否有其他设备正在使用, 如果是, 则该设备会产生一个随机退避时间, 等 待下一次感知信道, 若目前的无线传输媒体空闲, 则该设备便可以开始发送数据。这一 处理过程称为非坚持 CSMA机制。
协调器在接受到设备的数据帧之后需要发送应答帧给设备,如果设备在数据帧发送 完成后的 timeout (设备等待应答最大等待时间) 内没有收到应答帧则表示此次发送失 败。
为了衡量采用竞争访问机制的 WPAN或 WSN等网络的 CSMA/CA的性能,需要计算确定网 络的吞吐率。这样,在网络中,便可以根据相应的网络性能需求对网络的接入进行优化, 以提高网络接入成功率,使得网络性能得到优化改善,进而实现针对网络吞吐率的优化, 获得期望的网络吞吐率。 目前, 在 WPAN或 WSN等短距离无线网络中, 具体是按照 IEEE802. 11标准中的 CSMA/CA 机制进行网络吞吐率的计算。 具体可以借助相应的 Markov (马尔可夫)模型求出设备在 退避前提下发送数据的条件概率, 进而得到网络吞吐率的求导公式。
但是, 发明人在实现本发明的过程中发现, WPAN或 WSN等短距离无线网络与 IEEE802. 11的 CSMA/CA机制并不相同, 具体的不同点如下:
( 1 )在 WPAN或 WSN等短距离无线网络中不使用虚载波侦听机制, 以节省网络设备的 耗电量;
( 2 )在短距离无线网络中也没有 RTS (请求帧) /CTS (清除帧) , 这是因为在短距 离无线网络中的单个节点的发送速率较小, 发送的数据包不大, 发生冲突造成的损失不 像 IEEE802. 11发生冲突造成的损失那么大, 故无需设置相应的 RTS/CTS;
( 3 ) IEEE802. 11使用的是基于时隙的 CSMA/CA, 而 WPAN或 WSN等短距离无线网络可 以使用时隙和非时隙两种机制, 在基于时隙的 CSMA/CA帧中设置有专用的竞争时隙, 而 非时隙机制则无竞争时隙的设置。
进一步地, 实现本发明的发明人发现: 若在 WPAN或 WSN等短距离无线网络中采用 IEEE802. 11的 CSMA/CA机制显然没有考虑 WPAN或 WSN等短距离无线网络中 CSMA/CA的本质 特点, 因此, 计算确定的网络吞吐率也就存在较大的误差, 即无法真实反映 WPAN或 WSN 等短距离无线网络中 CSMA/CA的性能, 这将进一步导致无法根据准确的网络吞吐率对网 络接入进行优化, 进而使得网络接入成功率降低, 同时, 还会导致网络设备功耗过大的 问题。 而且 CCA成功概率和吞吐率计算过程也过于繁琐。 发明内容 本发明实施例提供了一种确定及优化短距离无线网络吞吐率的方法及系统,从而可 以准确获得 WPAN或 WSN等短距离无线网络的吞吐率参数, 以便于针对网络性能的优化处 理, 进而有效提高短距离无线网络的接入性能, 降低设备功耗。
本发明实施例提供了一种确定短距离无线网络吞吐率的方法, 包括:
根据短距离无线网络的信息传输特征获取竞争访问时段的各时间参数,所述参数为 基于非坚持载波侦听多点接入 CSMA机制确定;
根据所述竞争访问时段的各时间参数, 计算确定所述的短距离无线网络的吞吐率。 本发明实施例提供了一种确定短距离无线网络吞吐率的系统,包括时间参数获取单 元和网络吞吐率确定单元, 其中: 时间参数获取单元,用于根据短距离无线网络的信息传输特征获取竞争访问时段的 各时间参数, 且所述参数为基于非坚持载波侦听多点接入 CSMA机制确定;
网络吞吐率确定单元,用于利用所述竞争访问时段的各时间参数计算确定短距离无 线网络的吞吐率。
本发明实施例提供了一种优化短距离无线网络吞吐率的方法, 包括:
根据短距离无线网络的信息传输特征获取竞争访问时段的各时间参数,所述参数为 基于非坚持 CSMA机制确定;
利用所述竞争访问时段的各时间参数计算确定网络的信道空闲评估成功概率,并根 据所述信道空闲评估成功概率确定网络中的网络设备数;
根据所述的网络设备数对网络接入分布进行优化处理, 以优化对网络吞吐率。 本发明实施例提供了一种优化短距离无线网络吞吐率的系统,包括时间参数获取单 元, 网络设备数确定单元和网络优化处理单元, 其中:
时间参数获取单元,用于根据短距离无线网络的信息传输特征获取竞争访问时段的 各时间参数, 所述参数为基于非坚持 CSMA机制确定;
网络设备数确定单元,用于利用所述竞争访问时段的各时间参数计算确定网络的信 道空闲评估成功概率, 并根据所述信道空闲评估成功概率确定网络中的网络设备数; 网络优化处理单元, 用于根据所述的网络设备数对网络进行优化处理, 实现针对网 络吞吐率的优化。
由上述本发明实施例提供的技术方案可以看出, 本发明实施例的有益效果包括: 该网络优化方法采用非坚持 CSMA分析 WPAN或 WSN等短距离无线网络 CAP,简化了优化 分析过程的复杂程度, 且可以准确获得 WPAN或 WSN等短距离无线网络的吞吐率参数, 从 而可以有效地针对网络性能进行优化处理, 进而有效提高短距离无线网络的接入性能, 降低设备功耗。 附图简要说明 图 1为本发明实施例所述的确定网络吞吐率的具体实现过程示意图;
图 2为本发明实施例提供的第一种信道模型示意图;
图 3为本发明实施例中采用的设备 CCA马尔可夫模型示意图;
图 4为本发明实施例中的冲突后平均空闲时间马尔可夫模型示意图;
图 5为本发明实施例中的成功通信之间的平均冲突次数的马尔可夫模型示意图; 图 6为本发明实施例提供的确定网络吞吐率的系统的具体实现结构示意图; 图 7为本发明实施例所述的网络优化的具体实现过程示意图;
图 8为本发明实施例提供的第二种信道模型示意图;
图 9为本发明实施例提供的网络优化系统的具体实现结构示意图;
图 10本发明实施例提供的网络优化后的仿真效果示意图一;
图 11为本发明实施例提供的网络优化后的仿真效果示意图二。 实施本发明的方式 本发明实施例中具体是基于使用非坚持 CSMA机制的 WPAN或 WSN等短距离无线网络的 信息传输特征建立对应的 CAP信道模型, 以便基于所述的信道模型确定相应的网络吞吐 率, 进而便于对网络吞吐率的优化处理。 具体可以借助基于信道模型确定的研究周期概 念进行网络吞吐率的计算。
根据 WPAN或 WSN等短距离无线网络 CSMA/CA的处理过程可知,设备在任意时刻感知信 道, 若信道空闲则发送数据, 否则按照退避算法延时后, 继续感知信道。 在第二次感知 信道时继续以上算法。 因此, 本发明实施例可以利用非坚持 CSMA方法对 WPAN或 WSN等短 距离无线网络 CSMA/CA进行分析研究, 以确定相应吞吐率参数。
为了研究网络某一时刻的状态和性能, 可以假设信道为理想信道且无隐藏终端, 设 备数为恒定值且每一个设备始终有同样长度的数据向协调器发送, 而且, 在实际工作环 境中, 基本上是符合这种假设的, 即数据量较小, 也相对恒定, 信道条件发生巨大变化 的可能性较小, 至于设备数量, 如果发生变化, 网络状态和性能将经过一个波动期后进 入新的状态, 所以也可以假设在研究周期内是恒定的。
基于上述假设, 定义 S为网络吞吐率, 即网络用于成功传输有效数据负载的时间所 占比例, 且具体以每次成功传输的间隔为研究周期。
本发明实施例提供了准确估计 WPAN或 WSN等短距离无线网络吞吐率的实现方案。 其 主要包括:首先,根据短距离无线网络的信息传输特征获取竞争访问时段的各时间参数, 且所述参数为基于非坚持 CSMA确定; 之后, 再根据所述竞争访问时段的各时间参数, 计 算确定所述的短距离无线网络的吞吐率。 其中, 计算确定短距离无线网络的吞吐率的实 现具体可以根据所述竞争访问时段的各时间参数, 计算确定网络中的研究周期时间值, 并将网络的有效数据负载的长度和所述研究周期时间值的比值作为短距离无线网络的 吞吐率。
本发明实施例还提供了优化短距离无线网络吞吐率的实现方案。其主要包括:首先, 根据短距离无线网络的信息传输特征获取竞争访问时段的各时间参数,所述参数为基于 非坚持 CSMA机制确定; 之后, 利用所述各时间参数计算确定网络的信道空闲评估成功概 率, 并根据所述信道空闲评估成功概率确定网络中的网络设备数; 最后, 根据所述的网 络设备数对网络接入分布进行优化处理, 实现针对网络吞吐率的优化。
在上述两实现方案中, 所述的信息传输特征包括但不限于: a)单个节点发送的数 据速率较小, 发送的数据包不大; b) 网络支持的设备数量较大; c)采用 CSMA/CA机制, 具有非坚持 CSMA机制的特点, 支持时隙和非时隙两种机制。
上述基于非坚持 CSMA机制确定的各时间参数可以为以下任一情况:
( 1 )信道空闲评估时间, 冲突传输时间, 成功传输时间, 以及空闲时间;
(2)信道空闲评估时间, 冲突传输时间, 成功传输时间, 冲突传输后的空闲时间, 以及冲突传输后的空闲时间;
( 3)冲突传输时间, 成功传输时间, 以及包含信道空闲评估时间的空闲时间。 当然, 除上述三种情况外, 还可能选择其他时间参数的组合作为短距离无线网络信 道模型对应的各时间参数。
本发明实施例提供的网络吞吐率估计算法在具体实施过程中还提出设备感知信道 概率的 markov (马尔可夫)模型, 并基于该模型确定感知信道概率 (如 CCA成功概率、 退避时刻第一次 CCA条件的概率等)和连续两次 CCA成功概率的估计结果。 同时, 还考虑 timeout (设备等待应答最大等待时间)对吞吐率性能的影响, 确定通信间平均空闲时 间和成功通信间平均冲突次数的分析方法。从而可以根据确定的相应参数, 为基于非坚 持 CSMA提出 WPAN或 WSN等短距离无线网络的 CAP (竞争访问时段)的信道模型进行网络吞 吐率的计算, 以便于对网络的性能进行量化衡量, 并可以根据量化结果作为判断网络优 化处理是否达到预期目标的依据, 从而实现网络吞吐率的优化操作。
为便于对本发明实施例的理解,下面将结合附图对本发明实施例的具体实现过程进 行详细的说明。
本发明实施例首先提供了一种短距离无线网络中确定网络吞吐率的实现方法,具体 的实现过程如图 1所示, 包括如下步骤:
步骤 11 : 确定所述研究周期包括的各时间参数;
如图 2所示, 每个研究周期具体可以包括: 冲突传输时间 coll、成功传输时间 Succ、 成功后的空闲时间 Idle_succ、冲突后的空闲时间 Idle_coll以及 CCA时间, 其中, CCA时 间不计算在空闲时期内; 或者, 每个研究周期的具体时间参数还可以如图 8所示, 包括冲突传输时间 col l、 成功传输时间 Succ、 空闲时间 Idle以及 CCA时间; 此时, 不将空闲时间区分为成功后的 空闲时间 Idle_succ和冲突后的空闲时间 Idle_col l ;
在后续的网络吞吐率计算过程中具体以图 2所示的信道模型为例进行描述, 其中具 体的实现过程涉及的原理同样适用于图 8所示的信道模型。
步骤 12: 计算研究周期内的平均冲突次数;
由于在计算吞吐率 S时需要利用步骤 11中的时间参数以及研究周期内的平均冲突次 数, 所以该步骤中需要计算所述的研究周期内的平均冲突次数 N。;
步骤 13:根据所述的时间参数及所述的研究周期内的平均冲突次数计算网络的吞吐 率;
网络吞吐率 S与研究周期包含的各个时间的关系为:
Figure imgf000009_0001
= NC - Tidle coll + Tidle succ + (Nc + 1) · 2 · TCCA + NcTcoll + Ts 式 (2 ) 其中,
^为有效数据负载的长度; ^为研究周期的平均时间长度;
Tidle-cM和 分别是冲突传输后的平均空闲时间和成功传输后的平均空闲时 间;
^为一个研究周期内的平均冲突次数; 。"和 分别为冲突通信所占据的网络时间(即冲突传输时间)和成功通信所占据 的网络时间 (即成功传输时间) ; 为 CCA所占据的网络时间 (gpcCA时间) 。 下面首先对上述除 ^-™" (该参数将在后面描述中) 外的其他各参数的计算获得 方式进行说明: 式 (3 )
Figure imgf000009_0002
(1 - " 式 (4 ) Ts:Tpacket +Tack+Twait=L + 3 Tcoll = L TCCA = 1式 (5) 其中, 。//和^"^分别为网络中存在通信的前提下, 此通信为冲突和成功的条件概 率, n为网络设备数, 即某个星型网络中的设备数, 7为某个设备在退避的前提下处于 第一次 CCA的条件概率, 7^to为打包处理时间, 7 为响应确认时间, rwflft为等待时间。
为便于计算获得所述的网络吞吐率 S, 便需要获知上述各式中的各参数, 下面将分 别描述各参数的计算获得方式:
(1) 具体计算退避时刻第一次 CCA的条件概率7的方法如下:
借助如图 3所示二维 markov模型研究某个设备在任意退避时刻第一次 CCA的条件概 率 在该模型中省略了第二次 CCA的状态, 所述的 7为:
Figure imgf000010_0001
式 (6)
在式(6)及图 3中, Wi为当前退避计数最大值, m为当前退避次数, 1-v为连续两次 CCA成功概率, (i j) 为退避状态。 当退避计数值 j为 0时, 设备进行第一次 CCA; 基于图 2所示的信道模型, 连续两次 CCA成功概率 1-v为:
TVI2 N C (TID!E COLL + 2TCCA— 1) + TME SUCC + 2TCCA― 1
1-v
式 (7) 在式 (7) 中, ''2为一个研究周期中连续两个空闲时隙的平均数目, 为一个研 究周期中连续两个时隙的数目。
(2)计算研究周期内的平均冲突次数
由于上次通信的成功与否直接影响本次通信的成功概率,所以一个研究周期内的平 均冲突次数 Nc可以利用图 4所示的 markov模型进行求解。 当前通信冲突和成功的概率 PcPs" 分别为:
Figure imgf000010_0002
=U 式 (8) 式 (8)中, A-n-τγ PS_S =^-PC_S, PS_C =^-PC_C, 在图 4及式(8)中, Ρ ^和 分别为上次成功通信后本次通信冲突个成功的概率, Ρ 为上次冲突后本次次通信成功的概率, 为上次通信冲突后本次通信冲突的概率, 后 面将对该概率的计算获得方式进行说明。
因此, 平均冲突次数 Nc的计算方式为:
Figure imgf000011_0001
根据上述公式便可以计算所述的研究周期内的平均冲突次数。
( 3 ) 为计算出研究周期内的平均冲突次数及网络吞吐率, 还需要计算确定冲突传 输后的空闲时间7 - 及 , 具体的计算方法如下:
目前, 在IEEE802. 15. 4标准中, timeout时间为 2. 7个时隙, 即大于 CCA所需时间 (2 个时隙) , 所以没有参与上次冲突通信的设备可能会在 timeout时期竞争以获得感知和 接入信道的机会,相反在这个时期里参与上次冲突通信的设备则必须处于等待应答的状 态。基于以上原因,冲突后的空闲时期可以分为两个竞争时期: timeout时间(gptimeout 对应的时期)和其他空闲时间 (即空闲时间中除 timeout之外的时期) 。
借助 markov模型来研究冲突后的空闲时期模型, 如图 5所示, slot i代表冲突后在 设备开始第一次 CCA之前网络的空闲时隙数, 为在 timeout时期内存在设备进行第一 次 CCA的概率, Ρ 为在其他空闲时期存在设备进行第一次 CCA的概率。 因为参与冲突的 设备在 timeout时期后最多退避 7个时隙感知信道, 所以 i最大等于 10。 Xi为 slot i的 概率, 具体为:
Figure imgf000011_0002
1 < < 3
; = 。· (卜 A)3 (l— ^-3 4 < < 10式 ( 10) 式 (10) 中 和 Ρ^可由下式得到: 式 (11 ) 式 (11 ) 中" Q为参与冲突的平均设备数。 借助上述模型, 推导得出 d-™"和上次 冲突后当前通信为冲突的概率 :
10
― '·=。 式 (12) 10
p ― X"1 p . Y _i X"1 p . Y
― '·=。 ― '=3 ― 式 (13) 式( 13)中
Figure imgf000012_0001
_ 1 - (1-τ)"~"° -ητ(1-τ)"~"°
/卜 (卜 τ)"—"。 式 (14 )
Figure imgf000012_0002
1 _ 0— ) 式 (15)
(4)参与冲突的平均设备数的计算确定。 尽管由于 timeout时期的原因, 参与竞争 以获得 CCA机会的设备数不是常数, 但在此仍假设所有设备在任意空闲时期都在参与竞 争。 所以参与冲突的平均设备数由下式得到: nn = ι · Coll. - >
。 ¾ i
Figure imgf000012_0003
式 (16 ) 式 (16) 中 为存在 i个设备参与冲突的概率。
至此, 用于计算网络的吞吐率 S所需要的各参数均可以获得, 因此, 相应的吞吐率 S 可以计算获得,而且,上述计算处理过程中由于充分考虑了短距离通信网络的特有特征, 使得计算获得的吞吐率 S可以更为准确地反映网络的实际性能, 而且, 整个吞吐率 S的计 算远程更为简便。
在上述具体实现方案中, 在进行各参数的计算过程中, 分别采用了上述式 (1 ) 至 式(16) , 在实际应用本发明实施例过程中, 并不局限于采用上述公式进行各参数的计 算, 对于任何非实质的变换, 但仍采用上述实现思想完成的网络吞吐率计算确定处理过 程均属于本发明要求保护的范围。 本发明实施例还提供了一种确定短距离无线网络吞吐率的系统,其具体实现结构如 图 6所示, 包括时间参数获取单元和网络吞吐率确定单元, 其中:
( 1 ) 时间参数获取单元, 用于根据短距离无线网络的信息传输特征获取竞争访问 时段的各时间参数, 所述参数为基于非坚持载波侦听多点接入 CSMA机制确定;
其中,所述的各时间参数可以为信道空闲评估时间,冲突传输时间,成功传输时间, 以及空闲时间; 或者, 可以为信道空闲评估时间, 冲突传输时间, 成功传输时间, 冲突 传输后的空闲时间, 以及冲突传输后的空闲时间; 或者, 也可以为冲突传输时间, 成功 传输时间, 以及包含信道空闲评估时间的空闲时间。 当然, 除此之外, 还可以选择其他 时间参数的组合作为短距离无线网络信道模型对应的各时间参数。 (2) 网络吞吐率确定单元, 用于利用所述竞争访问时段的各时间参数计算确定网 络中的研究周期时间值,并根据有效数据负载的长度和所述研究周期时间值计算确定短 距离无线网络的吞吐率;所述的网络吞吐率确定单元具体包括研究周期时间确定单元和 网络吞吐率计算单元, 其中:
研究周期时间确定单元,用于根据研究周期内的平均冲突次数及所述各时间参数确 定研究周期时间;
网络吞吐率计算单元, 用于计算有效数据负载长度与所述研究周期时间的比值, 并 作为网络吞吐率值;
( 3 )研究周期内的平均冲突次数计算单元, 用于为研究周期时间确定单元提供研 究周期内的平均冲突次数, 且该单元具体为:
根据设备退避时间的第一次信道空闲评估的条件概率,计算上次成功通信后本次通 信冲突的概率和上次冲突后本次通信冲突的概率,利用计算获得的两概率值计算研究周 期内的平均冲突次数; 其中,
所述的第一次信道空闲评估的条件概率具体是由第一次信道空闲评估的条件概率 计算单元提供,该单元具体为根据研究周期中的连续两个空闲时隙的平均数目及连续两 个时隙的数目确定所述的连续两次信道空闲评估成功概率,并根据连续两次信道空闲评 估成功概率确定所述的第一次信道空闲评估的条件概率。
在该系统中,具体的各参数的计算方式在前面的计算网络吞吐率的方法描述过程中 已经描述, 故在此不再详细描述。
综上所述, 本发明实施例提出用非坚持 CSMA分析 WPAN或 WSN等短距离无线网络 CAP, 简化了分析过程; 同时, 本发明实施例根据信道模型提出设备 CCA概率和 CCA成功概率的 估计方法, 使 CCA的估计方法更加合理, 且得到大大简化; 另外, 本发明实施例还考虑 了 timeout时期对吞吐率性能的影响, 提出了基于 timeout时期的分析方法, 修正了吞吐 率的估计值, 使得估计结果更加精确。
本发明实施例中, 基于上述网络吞吐率的计算方式, 还提供了一种网络优化处理的 实现方案。
在该方案中, 主要包括: 首先, 基于建立的 CAP信道模型计算获得当前网络中包含 的实际网络设备数, 进而计算确定可以令当前网络获得最优网络吞吐率的退避窗口值, 之后, 利用所述退避窗口值对网络设备的接入竞争过程进行优化。
本发明实施例提供的竞争接入的完全分布式方法,即相应的网络优化方法的具体实 现过程如图 7所示, 具体包括以下步骤:
步骤 71: 确定研究周期的时间参数;
基于图 8所示的本发明实施例提供的竞争接入时期信道模型, 每个研究周期包括: 冲突传输时间、 成功传输时间、 空闲时间 (包括成功后空闲时间和冲突后的空闲时间) 以及 CCA时间。 特别地, CCA时期不计算在空闲时期内。
步骤 72: 确定网络的吞吐率 S和研究周期的平均时间长度;
Figure imgf000014_0001
式 (17)
tv = (Nc + 1) · (2 · TCCA + Tidle ) + NcTcoll + Ts 式 (18) 其中, ^为有效数据负载的长度, 为研究周期的平均时间长度, 7^是空闲时间, 即传输之间的平均空闲时间, ^为一个研究周期内的平均冲突次数, ^。"和 ^分别为 冲突和成功通信所占据的网络时间, cci为 CCA时间, 即为 CCA所占据的网络时间。
上述式 (17)和式 (18) 中的各参数的具体计算方式如下:
N = P
Zp 式 (19) /ι- (ι- " 式 (20)
Ts =Tpacket+Tack+Twait=L + 3 Tcall=L TCCA=\ 式 (21) 各式中, P "^和 分别为网络中存在通信的前提下, 此通信为冲突和成功的条件 概率, η为某个星型网络中设备数, 7为某个设备在退避的前提下处于第一次 CCA的条件 概率。
步骤 73: 基于信道模型提出使网络吞吐率接近理论极限时的条件;
参考坚持 CSMA的优化方法和非坚持 CSMA的特点, 以及网络吞吐率的计算方法, 可以 获知, 若满足下式则网络吞吐率可接近理论极限;
} + Nc)Tidle=Nc-TcoU 式 (22) 对式(22)进行数学变换和简化,可得到最优感知信道概率, 即退避时刻第一次 CCA 的条件概率 τ的计算公式:
Figure imgf000014_0002
式 (23)
基于式 (23) , 相应的最优退避窗口值 BW为: =丄— 1= 2(L-^_X
Τ"ρ' —1 + 2 — 1 式 (24) 这样,在确定网络中的网络设备数后,便可以计算获知当前网络的最优退避窗口值, 若采用该最优退避窗口值便可以有效提高网络设备的接入成功率,从而获得最优的网络 吞吐率, 实现网络吞吐率的优化。
下面将对网络设备数的计算确定过程进行说明:
步骤 74: 计算 CCA成功概率;
借助图 8的信道模型获得平均 CCA成功概率:
iNc+Widle + 2TCCA-\)
Ρ LCCA =
' -1 式 (25)
式(25) 中, 分子为一个研究周期中连续两个空闲时隙的平均数目, 分母为一个研 究周期中连续两个时隙的数目。
步骤 75: 基于所述的平均 CCA成功概率估计网络设备数; 每个设备可以通过 (本设备的平均成功 CCA之间 CCA次数)对网络设备数进行准 确估计, 具体为:
Figure imgf000015_0001
式 ( 26 ) 至此网络设备数可由式 (26)推导得出:
_Z + 3-V(Z + 3)2-8(Ncc,-l)
n =- 式 (27)
步骤 76: 在每个设备的每个成功 CCA周期对网络设备数进行估计和修正, 具体采用 的处理公式如下:
estimated _ ni+x - w . estimated _ nt + (1 - v) · ni 式 ( 2g ) 式(28)中, e^'wato - 为第 i个成功 CCA周期的网络设备数估计值, 为第 i个成 功 CCA周期结束时利用式(27)计算结果, w为平滑因子。 由于 ^CC 方差比较大, 我们推 荐 w=0.99。
步骤 77: 利用式(28)估计的网络设备数及式(24)计算的退避窗口值进行网络优 化处理;
具体为: 在每个成功 CCA周期, 利用 ^CC 作为网络竞争层次的回馈信号采用式 (27 -28)估计网络设备数, 利用所述的网络设备数基于式(24)计算确定相应的退避窗口 值, 并利用该退避窗口值对网络设备的接入竞争方式作出近似最优化的修正, 以实现针 对网络的优化处理, 提高网络设备的接入成功率, 进而令网络的吞吐率达到最优值。
在上述各参数的计算过程中, 分别采用了上述式(17)至式(28) , 在实际应用本 发明实施例过程中, 并不局限于采用式(17)至式(28)进行各参数的计算, 对于任何 非实质的变换,但仍采用上述实现思想完成的网络吞吐率优化计算处理过程均属于本发 明要求保护的范围。 本发明实施例还提供了一种优化短距离无线网络吞吐率的系统,其具体实现结构如 图 9所示, 包括时间参数获取单元, 网络设备数确定单元和网络优化处理单元, 其中:
( 1 ) 时间参数获取单元, 用于根据短距离无线网络的信息传输特征获取竞争访问 时段的各时间参数, 所述参数为基于非坚持 CSMA确定;
其中,所述的各时间参数可以为信道空闲评估时间,冲突传输时间,成功传输时间, 以及空闲时间; 或者, 可以为信道空闲评估时间, 冲突传输时间, 成功传输时间, 冲突 传输后的空闲时间, 以及冲突传输后的空闲时间; 或者, 也可以为冲突传输时间, 成功 传输时间, 以及包含信道空闲评估时间的空闲时间。 当然, 除此之外, 还可以选择其他 时间参数的组合作为短距离无线网络信道模型对应的各时间参数。
例如, 基于图 8所示的信道模型, 相应的时间参数包括信道空闲评估时间、 冲突传 输时间、 成功传输时间和空闲时间。
(2) 网络设备数确定单元, 用于利用所述竞争访问时段的各时间参数计算确定网 络的信道空闲评估成功概率,并根据所述信道空闲评估成功概率及所述时间参数计算确 定短距离无线网络中的网络设备数;
所述的网络设备数确定单元中还包括网络设备数修正处理单元,该单元的具体执行 的处理为:利用平滑因子对当前信道空闲评估成功周期内的网络设备数及当前信道空闲 评估成功周期结束后的网络设备数进行修正处理,获得下一信道空闲评估成功周期内的 网络设备数;
其中, 所述的当前信道空闲评估成功周期结束后的网络设备数为根据冲突传输时 间、 信道空闲评估成功概率及退避时刻的第一次信道空闲评估的条件概率计算确定。
所述的网络设备数确定单元中还可以包括信道空闲评估成功概率计算单元,该单元 用于为网络设备数确定单元提供信道空闲评估成功概率参数,且该单元具体根据研究周 期内的平均冲突次数及所述的各时间参数计算确定所述的信道空闲评估成功概率; 其中, 所述的研究周期内的平均冲突次数可以为: 上次成功通信后本次通信冲突的 概率与上次冲突后本次通信成功的概率的比值,且两概率值均为根据设备退避时间的第 一次信道空闲评估的条件概率确定。
( 3 ) 网络优化处理单元, 用于根据所述的网络设备数对网络进行优化处理, 进而 实现短距离无线网络的吞吐率的优化, 该单元具体可以包括:
退避窗口值确定单元,用于根据网络设备数及网络的时间参数计算确定网络中吞吐 率对应的退避窗口值;
优化处理执行单元, 根据所述的退避窗口值对网络进行优化处理, 即重新对各网络 设备的接入竞争方式 (退避机制)进行调整, 以使各设备可以获得较高的接入成功率, 进而实现优化提高网络吞吐率的目的。
在该系统中, 具体的各参数的计算方式在前面的网络优化方法描述过程中已经描 述, 故在此不再详细描述。
经仿真测试表明, 本发明实施例提供的网络优化方法应用于网络中后, 可以令网络 吞吐率在网络设备数发生变化后的较短时间内达到最优。下面将结合两个仿真实例进行 说明。
假设在 WPAN中, 有若干个设备同时向一个协调器发送固定包长的数据。每个设备可 以使用上述完全分布式方法从而达到网络性能优化目的。
第一仿真实例的仿真结果如图 10所示, 具体为网络起始设备数为 5, 在 8网络运行 80 秒后有 15个设备加入此网络, 图 10中为该网络 4分钟内的吞吐率仿真曲线图, 可以看出, 网络经过了短暂的吞吐率波动后, 很快趋于稳定, 并达到新的最优值:
第二仿真实例的仿真结果如图 11所示, 网络起始设备数为 5, 在网络运行 80秒后有 35个设备加入此网络, 图 11为该网络 4分钟内的吞吐率仿真曲线图, 从该实例中同样可 以看出, 网络经过了短暂的较大的吞吐率波动后, 很快趋于稳定, 并达到新的最优值。
因此, 在网络中采用本发明实施例提供的完全分布式优化方法后, 尽管网络设备数 在某时刻出现急剧变化, 但是在一段短暂时间 (这段时间由平滑因子决定)后, 网络吞 吐率仍然保持接近理论极限的水平。 同样, 可以预测到网络能量利用率也不会随网络竞 争层次的改变而急剧恶化。
综上所述, 本发明实施例的实现可以产生如下有益效果:
( 1 )本发明实施例提供的确定网络吞吐率的实现方案的有益效果如下:
本发明实施例采用非坚持 CSMA分析 WPAN或 WSN等短距离无线网络 CAP (竞争接入时 期) , 简化了整个分析过程的复杂程度; 而且, 本发明实施例还根据信道模型使得 CCA 的估计更加合理, 且得到大大简化; 另外, 本发明实施例中还考虑了 timeout (设备等 待应答最大等待时间)对吞吐率性能的影响, 给出了基于 timeout时期的分析方式, 修 正了吞吐率的估计值, 使得吞吐率的估计结果更加精确。 因此, 本发明实施例提供了一 种可以准确估计 WPAN或 WSN等短距离无线网络的网络吞吐率的实现方案, 为网络性能评 估提供了可靠准确的分析工具和方法, 进而提高网络的整体性能, 保证用户的利益和业 务服务的质量。
( 2 )本发明实施例提供的网络优化实现方案的有益效果如下:
本发明实施例采用非坚持 CSMA分析 WPAN或 WSN等短距离无线网络 CAP,简化了优化分 析过程; 同样, 根据信道模型对设备的 CCA成功概率进行估计, 使 CCA的估计更加合理, 且得到大大简化; 而且, 本发明实施例还给出了较为简便的每个设备对网络设备数的估 计方法, 其对硬件无需任何额外要求。 另外, 本发明实施例可以使 WPAN或 WSN等短距离 无线网络 CSMA/CA的网络吞吐率接近理论极限, 而且, 在优化吞吐率的同时有效改善网 络能量利用率。
以上所述, 仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式, 但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此, 任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内, 可轻易想到的变化或替 换, 都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。 因此, 本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求的保 护范围为准。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种确定短距离无线网络吞吐率的方法, 其特征在于, 包括:
根据短距离无线网络的信息传输特征获取竞争访问时段的各时间参数,所述参数为 基于非坚持载波侦听多点接入 CSMA机制确定;
根据所述竞争访问时段的各时间参数, 计算确定所述的短距离无线网络的吞吐率。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述的各时间参数包括:
信道空闲评估时间、 冲突传输时间、 成功传输时间和空闲时间;
或者,
信道空闲评估时间、冲突传输时间、 成功传输时间、冲突传输后的空闲时间和冲突 传输后的空闲时间;
或者,
冲突传输时间、 成功传输时间和包含信道空闲评估时间的空闲时间。
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述的计算确定短距离无线网络 的吞吐率的处理包括:
根据所述竞争访问时段的各时间参数及研究周期内的平均冲突次数,确定网络中的 所述研究周期时间值,并根据有效数据负载的长度和所述研究周期时间值计算确定短距 离无线网络的吞吐率。
4、根据权利要求 3所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述的平均冲突次数为根据上次成功 通信后本次通信冲突的概率, 以及上次冲突后本次通信冲突或成功的概率确定, 所述的 本次通信冲突或成功的概率均为根据设备退避时间的第一次信道空闲评估的条件概率 确定。
5、根据权利要求 4所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述的第一次信道空闲评估的条件概 率为基于马尔可夫模型和连续两次信道空闲评估成功概率确定,且所述的连续两次信道 空闲评估成功概率为根据研究周期中的连续两个空闲时隙的平均数目及连续两个时隙 的数目确定;所述的上次冲突后本次通信冲突的概率为根据设备等待应答最大等待时间 存在冲突的概率与其他空闲时间存在冲突的概率确定,且所述的设备等待应答最大等待 时间存在冲突的概率与所述的其他空闲时间存在冲突的概率分别为根据退避时间的第 一次信道空闲评估的条件概率确定。
6、 一种确定短距离无线网络吞吐率的系统, 其特征在于, 包括:
时间参数获取单元,用于根据短距离无线网络的信息传输特征获取竞争访问时段的 各时间参数, 且所述参数为基于非坚持载波侦听多点接入 CSMA机制确定; 网络吞吐率确定单元,用于利用所述竞争访问时段的各时间参数计算确定短距离无 线网络的吞吐率。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的系统, 其特征在于, 所述的各时间参数包括:
信道空闲评估时间、 冲突传输时间、 成功传输时间和空闲时间;
或者,
信道空闲评估时间、冲突传输时间、 成功传输时间、冲突传输后的空闲时间和冲突 传输后的空闲时间;
或者,
冲突传输时间、 成功传输时间和包含信道空闲评估时间的空闲时间。
8、根据权利要求 6或 7所述的系统, 其特征在于, 所述的网络吞吐率确定单元包括: 研究周期时间确定单元,用于根据研究周期内的平均冲突次数及所述各时间参数确 定研究周期时间;
网络吞吐率计算单元, 用于计算有效数据负载长度与所述研究周期时间的比值, 所 述比值为网络吞吐率。
9、根据权利要求 8所述的系统, 其特征在于, 所述的系统还包括研究周期内的平均 冲突次数计算单元, 用于根据设备退避时间的第一次信道空闲评估的条件概率, 计算上 次成功通信后本次通信冲突的概率和上次冲突后本次通信冲突的概率,利用计算获得的 两概率值计算所述研究周期内的所述平均冲突次数。
10、 根据权利要求 9所述的系统, 其特征在于, 所述的系统还包括第一次信道空闲 评估的条件概率计算单元,用于根据研究周期中的连续两个空闲时隙的平均数目及连续 两个时隙的数目确定所述的连续两次信道空闲评估成功概率,并根据连续两次信道空闲 评估成功概率确定所述的第一次信道空闲评估的条件概率。
11、 一种优化短距离无线网络吞吐率的方法, 其特征在于, 包括:
根据短距离无线网络的信息传输特征获取竞争访问时段的各时间参数,所述参数为 基于非坚持 CSMA机制确定;
利用所述竞争访问时段的各时间参数计算确定网络的信道空闲评估成功概率,并根 据所述信道空闲评估成功概率确定网络中的网络设备数;
根据所述的网络设备数对网络接入分布进行优化处理, 以优化网络吞吐率。
12、 根据权利要求 11所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述各时间参数包括:
信道空闲评估时间、 冲突传输时间、 成功传输时间和空闲时间;
或者, 信道空闲评估时间、冲突传输时间、 成功传输时间、冲突传输后的空闲时间和冲突 传输后的空闲时间;
或者,
冲突传输时间、 成功传输时间和包含信道空闲评估时间的空闲时间。
13、根据权利要求 11或 12所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述的信道空闲评估成功概率 根据研究周期内的平均冲突次数及所述的各时间参数计算确定。
14、根据权利要求 13所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述的研究周期内的平均冲突次数 为: 上次成功通信后本次通信冲突的概率与上次冲突后本次通信成功的概率的比值, 且 两概率值均为根据设备退避时间的第一次信道空闲评估的条件概率确定。
15、 根据权利要求 13所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述的网络中的网络设备数为: 利用平滑因子对当前信道空闲评估成功周期内的网络设备数及当前信道空闲评估 成功周期结束后的网络设备数进行修正处理,获得下一信道空闲评估成功周期内的网络 设备数, 且所述的当前信道空闲评估成功周期结束后的网络设备数为根据冲突传输时 间、 信道空闲评估成功概率及退避时刻的第一次信道空闲评估的条件概率计算确定。
16、 根据权利要求 13所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述的优化处理包括:
根据所述的网络设备数及所述的时间参数确定网络中最优吞吐率对应的退避窗口 值, 并利用所述退避窗口值对网络进行优化处理。
17、 一种优化短距离无线网络吞吐率的系统, 其特征在于, 包括:
时间参数获取单元,用于根据短距离无线网络的信息传输特征获取竞争访问时段的 各时间参数, 所述参数为基于非坚持 CSMA机制确定;
网络设备数确定单元,用于利用所述竞争访问时段的各时间参数确定网络的信道空 闲评估成功概率, 并根据所述信道空闲评估成功概率确定网络中的网络设备数;
网络优化处理单元, 用于根据所述的网络设备数对网络进行优化处理, 以优化网络 吞吐率。
18、 根据权利要求 17所述的系统, 其特征在于, 所述各时间参数包括:
信道空闲评估时间、 冲突传输时间、 成功传输时间和空闲时间;
或者,
信道空闲评估时间、冲突传输时间、 成功传输时间、冲突传输后的空闲时间和冲突 传输后的空闲时间;
或者, 冲突传输时间、 成功传输时间和包含信道空闲评估时间的空闲时间。
19、根据权利要求 17或 18所述的系统, 其特征在于, 所述的网络设备数确定单元包 括:
信道空闲评估成功概率计算单元,用于根据研究周期内的平均冲突次数及所述的各 时间参数计算确定所述的信道空闲评估成功概率,且所述的研究周期内的平均冲突次数 为: 上次成功通信后本次通信冲突的概率与上次冲突后本次通信成功的概率的比值, 且 两概率值均为根据设备退避时间的第一次信道空闲评估的条件概率确定;
以及, 用于根据所述信道空闲评估成功概率计算所述网络设备数的单元。
20、根据权利要求 17或 18所述的系统, 其特征在于, 所述的网络设备数确定单元中 还包括网络设备数修正处理单元, 用于:
利用平滑因子对当前信道空闲评估成功周期内的网络设备数及当前信道空闲评估 成功周期结束后的网络设备数进行修正处理,获得下一信道空闲评估成功周期内的网络 设备数, 且所述的当前信道空闲评估成功周期结束后的网络设备数为根据冲突传输时 间、 信道空闲评估成功概率及退避时刻的第一次信道空闲评估的条件概率计算确定。
21、根据权利要求 17或 18所述的系统, 其特征在于, 所述的网络优化处理单元具体 包括:
退避窗口值确定单元,用于根据网络设备数及网络的时间参数确定网络中最优吞吐 率对应的退避窗口值;
优化处理执行单元, 根据所述的退避窗口值对网络进行优化处理。
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