WO2007109829A1 - Dual heater, on demand water heating unit - Google Patents
Dual heater, on demand water heating unit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2007109829A1 WO2007109829A1 PCT/AU2007/000230 AU2007000230W WO2007109829A1 WO 2007109829 A1 WO2007109829 A1 WO 2007109829A1 AU 2007000230 W AU2007000230 W AU 2007000230W WO 2007109829 A1 WO2007109829 A1 WO 2007109829A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- heater
- water
- flow rate
- demand
- gas
- Prior art date
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
- F24H15/172—Scheduling based on user demand, e.g. determining starting point of heating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
- F24H15/212—Temperature of the water
- F24H15/215—Temperature of the water before heating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
- F24H15/212—Temperature of the water
- F24H15/219—Temperature of the water after heating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
- F24H15/238—Flow rate
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
- F24H15/305—Control of valves
- F24H15/31—Control of valves of valves having only one inlet port and one outlet port, e.g. flow rate regulating valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
- F24H15/355—Control of heat-generating means in heaters
- F24H15/36—Control of heat-generating means in heaters of burners
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
- F24H15/355—Control of heat-generating means in heaters
- F24H15/37—Control of heat-generating means in heaters of electric heaters
Definitions
- Dual heater, on demand water heating unit Dual heater, on demand water heating unit.
- On-demand water heaters do not have a large storage tank which is maintained at the operating temperature, but supply heat to the water stream as it is being drawn off by a user. This mode of operation requires a large heat input.
- the heat is supplied by a gas burner.
- the combustion gasses heat the fins of a heat exchanger while the water flows through ducts in the heat exchanger which are thermally connected to the fins.
- the gas burner is usually of an on-off type which is either fully on or off.
- the gas burner also has to be designed to heat the maximum water flow to the operating temperature.
- the maximum flow can be above 10 L/min, and can be up to or above 30 L/min.
- the flow rate is of the order of 15 L/min.
- instantaneous gas heaters are marketed with a nominal flow rate of, say; 20 litre/min, 24 litre/min etc, the understanding is that this is for a temperature rise ( ⁇ T) of 25°c. This is typically the flow rate available at showering temperatures.
- the official Australian Gas Association (AGA) rating is done for a ⁇ T of 40°c. So a 24 l/min heater at 25 °c is equivalent to 15 litre/min at of 40°c ⁇ T.
- the heater must be able to heat water from its ambient temperature to the operating temperature in the time it takes the water to flow through the heat exchanger. Typically the instantaneous heater takes 20 to 30 seconds to get to operating temperature so may waste up to 10 litres before set point is reached.
- controllable heater refers to a heater in which the heat energy output of the heater can be controlled.
- reference to a threshold temperature can indicate a single temperature or a range of temperatures.
- the present invention provides an on-demand water heater having a first heater in series with a second heater.
- the first heater can be a gas heater.
- the second heater can be an electric heater.
- the first heater can be located on the upstream side of the second heater.
- the first heater can be on the downstream side of the second heater.
- the on-demand heater can include a first controller to control the first heater.
- the on-demand heater can include a second controller to control the second heater.
- the first heater can be a controllable heater.
- the second heater can be a controllable heater.
- the invention also provides a method of operating an on-demand water heater having a first heater and a second heater and a flow rate detector, wherein the second heater is a controllable heater adapted to operate at lower flow rates than the first heater, the method including the steps of: detecting the initiation of water flow; turning the first and second heaters on each at maximum power; detecting when the outlet flow of water reaches a predetermined temperature threshold, monitoring the water flow rate; detecting whether the water flow rate is below a first predetermined threshold flow rate, referred to as a low flow threshold; and where the water flow rate is below the low threshold, turning the first heater off.
- the method can include regulating the output of the second heater in relation to the flow rate of the water.
- the invention further provides a method of operating an on-demand water heater having a first heater and a second heater and a flow rate detector, wherein the second heater is a controllable heater, the method including the steps of: detecting the initiation of water flow; turning the first and second heaters on each at maximum power; detecting when the outlet flow of water reaches a predetermined temperature threshold, monitoring the water flow rate; detecting whether the water flow rate is above a predetermined low threshold and below a predetermined upper flow rate threshold; and where the water flow rate is between the upper and lower flow rate thresholds, optimizing the energy provided by the first and second heaters.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an on-demand water heater embodying the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an alternative embodiment of an on-demand water heater embodying the invention.
- Figure 1 schematically illustrates an on-demand water heater 100 embodying the invention.
- a gas heater 102 includes a gas burner 104 supplied with gas from a gas inlet 130 via a valve 106.
- a heat exchanger including fins 105 and water duct 107 transfers the heat from the combustion products to the water.
- An ignition device 103 is provided to ignite the burner 104 when gas starts to flow.
- the ignition device can be directly- responsive to the commencement of gas flow or can be controlled by controller 108. Alternatively, a pilot flame can be provided.
- a flame sensor (not shown) can also be provided to ensure that the gas is burning while the gas is being supplied to the burner 104.
- the gas valve 106 can be a simple on/off valve, but in a preferred embodiment, gas valve 106 is controllable to control the amount of gas supplied to the burner.
- a first controller 108 controls the operation of gas valve 106.
- a first temperature sensor 124 senses the temperature of the water entering the gas heater 102, and a second temperature sensor 116 measures the temperature of the water leaving the gas heater 102. Temperature sensors 124 and 126 are connected to controller 108.
- a flow sensor 118 detects the flow of water.
- the flow sensor not only detects whether the water is flowing, but also measures the flow rate.
- the output of flow sensor 118 is connected to controller 108.
- the first controller 108 can be set to maintain the temperature of the output water within a predetermined operating range by regulating the amount of gas supplied to the burner via valve 106.
- the control can be a feedback control where the controller increases gas flow when the temperature when the output water temperature falls below a lower threshold band or value, and decreases the gas flow if an upper temperature threshold is exceeded.
- fhe first controller can use an algorithm to calculate the gas flow required using parameters such as the heat exchanger and burner characteristics, the inlet water temperature from sensor 124 and the required outlet temperature range.
- a further heater is provided.
- the additional heater is an electric element 110 in housing 122.
- the water inlet enters the housing 122 at inlet 126 and flows around the element 110 before entering the gas heater 102.
- a third temperature sensor 120 can be provided to measure the temperature of the water entering the electrical heater.
- a second controller 112 is provided to control the element 110.
- the second controller 112 is responsive to the flow detector 118 to turn the element 110 on when water flow is detected.
- the controller reacts to the initial detection of water flow by supplying electric power from the electrical utility 114 to the element 110. While controllers 108, 112 are shown as separate devices, they can be implemented by a single device.
- the second heater 110 can be operated in an on/off mode, but, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention, it is operated in a controllable manner. In the controlled power mode, the controller 112 regulates the electrical power supplied to the element 110.
- the second controller 112 can be adapted to regulate the power in response to the flow rate detected by the flow sensor 118. Additional control parameters can be provided from the temperature sensor 124 sensing the temperature of the water leaving the housing 122, and/or the temperature sensor 120 sensing the temperature of the water entering the housing 122.
- the water heater illustrated in Figure 1 can be operated in a number of modes.
- the element 110 can be used on its own.
- the gas heater 103 can be used on its own, or both the electrical heater 110 and the gas heater 102 can be used in combination to maximize efficiency.
- both the gas and electric heaters can be used together to meet a high flow rate.
- controllers 108, 112 include programmable processors to facilitate the different modes of operation.
- Figure 2 illustrates a second embodiment of the invention, in which the electric element 210 is located downstream of the gas heater 202.
- the temperature sensor 216 serves as the output sensor for the gas heater 202, and as the input sensor for the electric element 210.
- Gas controller 208 has temperature inputs from temperature sensors 216, 220, and 224. Thus the gas supply can be regulated to take account of the outlet temperature information from sensor 216.
- the electric element 210 is controlled by controller 212.
- the power can be controlled by the use of pulse width modulation.
- the electric heater shell 222 can be insulated to reduce heat loss when there is no water flow.
- the element 210 can be controlled to maintain the water in the heater 222 at the operating point, for example by using a sensor located to measure the temperature of the water in the electric heater.
- the pipe length between the gas heater and the electric heater 222 is minimized.
- the electric heater can be located adjacent to the gas heater. Thus the electric heater can be used to maintain the water within the operating range when there is no flow, and the electric heater can be used to heat the water when the flow rate is low.
- controllers 108, 112 can be adapted to optimize the operating cost of operating the heater by allocating the load between the gas and electric heaters in accordance with the current tariffs for the gas and electricity.
- the controllers 108, 112 can have time-of-day tariffs stored in memory or the tariffs can be notified to the controllers via a communication link to the energy supplier, shown illustratively in Figure 2 as wireless modem 250.
- the decision as to which energy source to use or the proportions of each source to use can be calculated based on cost per unit of usable heat delivered. For example, the comparison can be made on the basis of the following:
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2007231526A AU2007231526B2 (en) | 2006-03-24 | 2007-02-27 | Dual heater, on demand water heating unit |
NZ570975A NZ570975A (en) | 2006-03-24 | 2007-02-27 | On demand water heater with two heaters in series and a flow rate detector controlling one of the heaters |
AU2011200433A AU2011200433B2 (en) | 2006-03-24 | 2011-02-02 | Operating Method for an on Demand Water Heater |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2006901528 | 2006-03-24 | ||
AU2006901528A AU2006901528A0 (en) | 2006-03-24 | On-demand water heater |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2007109829A1 true WO2007109829A1 (en) | 2007-10-04 |
Family
ID=38540704
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/AU2007/000230 WO2007109829A1 (en) | 2006-03-24 | 2007-02-27 | Dual heater, on demand water heating unit |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AU (2) | AU2007231526B2 (en) |
NZ (2) | NZ590704A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007109829A1 (en) |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2446159B (en) * | 2007-01-30 | 2010-02-17 | Zenex Technologies Ltd | A heater for central heating and hot water supply systems |
CN102116501A (en) * | 2009-12-31 | 2011-07-06 | 上海波宝仟赫科技有限公司 | Hybrid power wall-hung boiler |
CN104848551A (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2015-08-19 | 芜湖美的厨卫电器制造有限公司 | Combustion electric complementary hot water system and control method thereof |
US9528723B2 (en) | 2013-09-20 | 2016-12-27 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Pulse width modulated multiple heater control |
US9732536B2 (en) | 2014-06-20 | 2017-08-15 | Pentair Water Pool And Spa, Inc. | Hybrid heater |
CN108474587A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2018-08-31 | 庆东纳碧安株式会社 | Heat hot water boiler and its control method |
USD859618S1 (en) | 2017-09-15 | 2019-09-10 | Pentair Water Pool And Spa, Inc. | Heating apparatus clip |
US11441815B2 (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2022-09-13 | Rheem Manufacturing Company | Systems and methods for heater control in fluid heating systems |
GB2616537A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2023-09-13 | Digital Heat Ltd | Burner vessel and fluid heater |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2356885A1 (en) * | 1976-06-29 | 1978-01-27 | Chaffoteaux Et Maury | Gas fired domestic hot water heater - has auxiliary electric heater for small quantities of boiling water |
FR2547647A1 (en) * | 1983-05-24 | 1984-12-21 | Mathieu Sa See | Hot-water generator with two energy modes |
FR2549582A1 (en) * | 1983-07-19 | 1985-01-25 | Gouyou Beauchamps Jacques | Monobloc dual-energy apparatus for producing hot water for central heating and for domestic purposes. |
US4564003A (en) * | 1980-03-26 | 1986-01-14 | The Commonwealth Of Australia | Solar/gas heater |
US4638944A (en) * | 1986-04-21 | 1987-01-27 | Kujawa Stephen M | Compact high volume point of use instantaneous water heating system |
US4819587A (en) * | 1985-07-15 | 1989-04-11 | Toto Ltd. | Multiple-purpose instantaneous gas water heater |
TW440676B (en) * | 2000-05-08 | 2001-06-16 | Tsai Ching Sung | Dual heating effect type water heating system |
EP1139032A2 (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2001-10-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Heating installation with boiler, heat exchangers, hot water circuit and tap water accumulator |
-
2007
- 2007-02-27 NZ NZ590704A patent/NZ590704A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-02-27 NZ NZ570975A patent/NZ570975A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-02-27 AU AU2007231526A patent/AU2007231526B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2007-02-27 WO PCT/AU2007/000230 patent/WO2007109829A1/en active Application Filing
-
2011
- 2011-02-02 AU AU2011200433A patent/AU2011200433B2/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2356885A1 (en) * | 1976-06-29 | 1978-01-27 | Chaffoteaux Et Maury | Gas fired domestic hot water heater - has auxiliary electric heater for small quantities of boiling water |
US4564003A (en) * | 1980-03-26 | 1986-01-14 | The Commonwealth Of Australia | Solar/gas heater |
FR2547647A1 (en) * | 1983-05-24 | 1984-12-21 | Mathieu Sa See | Hot-water generator with two energy modes |
FR2549582A1 (en) * | 1983-07-19 | 1985-01-25 | Gouyou Beauchamps Jacques | Monobloc dual-energy apparatus for producing hot water for central heating and for domestic purposes. |
US4819587A (en) * | 1985-07-15 | 1989-04-11 | Toto Ltd. | Multiple-purpose instantaneous gas water heater |
US4638944A (en) * | 1986-04-21 | 1987-01-27 | Kujawa Stephen M | Compact high volume point of use instantaneous water heating system |
EP1139032A2 (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2001-10-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Heating installation with boiler, heat exchangers, hot water circuit and tap water accumulator |
TW440676B (en) * | 2000-05-08 | 2001-06-16 | Tsai Ching Sung | Dual heating effect type water heating system |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
DATABASE WPI Week 200210, Derwent World Patents Index; Class Q74, AN 2002-074152 * |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2446159B (en) * | 2007-01-30 | 2010-02-17 | Zenex Technologies Ltd | A heater for central heating and hot water supply systems |
CN102116501A (en) * | 2009-12-31 | 2011-07-06 | 上海波宝仟赫科技有限公司 | Hybrid power wall-hung boiler |
US9528723B2 (en) | 2013-09-20 | 2016-12-27 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Pulse width modulated multiple heater control |
US11142923B2 (en) | 2014-06-20 | 2021-10-12 | Pentair Water Pool And Spa, Inc. | Hybrid heater |
US9732536B2 (en) | 2014-06-20 | 2017-08-15 | Pentair Water Pool And Spa, Inc. | Hybrid heater |
US10400466B2 (en) | 2014-06-20 | 2019-09-03 | Pentair Water Pool And Spa, Inc. | Hybrid heater |
US11686118B2 (en) | 2014-06-20 | 2023-06-27 | Pentair Water Pool And Spa, Inc. | Hybrid heater |
CN104848551B (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2017-11-14 | 芜湖美的厨卫电器制造有限公司 | Fire electric complementary hot-water system and its control method |
CN104848551A (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2015-08-19 | 芜湖美的厨卫电器制造有限公司 | Combustion electric complementary hot water system and control method thereof |
CN108474587A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2018-08-31 | 庆东纳碧安株式会社 | Heat hot water boiler and its control method |
USD859618S1 (en) | 2017-09-15 | 2019-09-10 | Pentair Water Pool And Spa, Inc. | Heating apparatus clip |
US11441815B2 (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2022-09-13 | Rheem Manufacturing Company | Systems and methods for heater control in fluid heating systems |
GB2616537A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2023-09-13 | Digital Heat Ltd | Burner vessel and fluid heater |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2007231526A1 (en) | 2007-10-04 |
AU2011200433B2 (en) | 2011-08-18 |
AU2007231526B2 (en) | 2011-07-07 |
NZ590704A (en) | 2011-07-29 |
AU2011200433A1 (en) | 2011-02-24 |
NZ570975A (en) | 2011-06-30 |
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