WO2007109676A2 - Apparatus and method for resuscitating and revitalizing hydrocarbon fuels - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for resuscitating and revitalizing hydrocarbon fuels Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2007109676A2 WO2007109676A2 PCT/US2007/064423 US2007064423W WO2007109676A2 WO 2007109676 A2 WO2007109676 A2 WO 2007109676A2 US 2007064423 W US2007064423 W US 2007064423W WO 2007109676 A2 WO2007109676 A2 WO 2007109676A2
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- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- catalyst
- diesel
- bio
- metal alloy
- Prior art date
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 abstract description 31
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 31
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 25
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
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- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
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- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000589516 Pseudomonas Species 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002120 nanofilm Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
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- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002371 ultraviolet--visible spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/20—Vanadium, niobium or tantalum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/14—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of germanium, tin or lead
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/18—Arsenic, antimony or bismuth
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/24—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/62—Platinum group metals with gallium, indium, thallium, germanium, tin or lead
- B01J23/622—Platinum group metals with gallium, indium, thallium, germanium, tin or lead with germanium, tin or lead
- B01J23/626—Platinum group metals with gallium, indium, thallium, germanium, tin or lead with germanium, tin or lead with tin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
- C10L1/1208—Inorganic compounds elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
- C10L1/1216—Inorganic compounds metal compounds, e.g. hydrides, carbides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
- C10L1/1233—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
- C10L1/1283—Inorganic compounds phosphorus, arsenicum, antimonium containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C13/00—Alloys based on tin
- C22C13/02—Alloys based on tin with antimony or bismuth as the next major constituent
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K5/00—Feeding or distributing other fuel to combustion apparatus
- F23K5/02—Liquid fuel
- F23K5/08—Preparation of fuel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/04—Diesel oil
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
- C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
- C10L2200/0461—Fractions defined by their origin
- C10L2200/0469—Renewables or materials of biological origin
- C10L2200/0476—Biodiesel, i.e. defined lower alkyl esters of fatty acids first generation biodiesel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for fuel supplies
- F23K2900/05081—Treating the fuel with catalyst to enhance combustion
Definitions
- the present invention relates in general to methods and devices for treating fuels prior to combustion in order to increase combustion efficiency and thereby reduce exhaust emissions, and further to methods and devices for treating hydrocarbon fuels in order to resuscitate and revitalize such fuels in the event of bio-contamination.
- the fuel catalysts have been incorporated within in-line canisters or drop- in units in order to treat fuel prior to combustion and to maintain the stability of the fuel during storage, although other methods of employing the catalysts include the coating of interior surfaces of fuel storage containers or fuel lines with the catalyst materials.
- other methods of employing the catalysts include the coating of interior surfaces of fuel storage containers or fuel lines with the catalyst materials.
- the present invention provides a method and device for resuscitating and revitalizing hydrocarbon fuels which have a bio-contaminated.
- a fuel catalyst is utilized to treat the fuel to remove the bio-contamination prior to combustion.
- a fuel catalyst alloy having a formulation composed of Sn, Sb, Bi, and Pb, and most preferably about 70% Sn, about 22% Sb, about 4% Bi, and about 4% Pb, is utilized to resuscitate and revitalize fuels that have been bio-contaminated.
- fuel is circulated through a canister containing the fuel catalyst until the composition of the fuel has been altered to eliminate bio-contamination thereby rendering it acceptable for combustion.
- the fuel catalyst may be utilized with both liquid and gas fuels to improve combustion efficiency and/or eliminate bio-contamination prior to combustion.
- the fuel catalyst comprises a three component catalysts, preferably including about 70% Sn, about 20% Sb, and about 10% Bi, or a two component catalyst.
- the catalyst may be provided in the form of pellets, thin films, nano-structures, foam materials or any other structure that allows fuel to be brought into contact with a surface of the fuel catalyst.
- Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing a circulating system for adding the catalyst to a fuel and testing the efficacy thereof;
- Fig. 2 is a graph illustrating an improvement in diesel fuel from the decrease in characteristic peak due to bacterial spoilage in batch operation as seen in a test of the invention
- Fig. 3 is a graph illustrating an improvement in diesel fuel as a function of disappearance characteristic peak due to bacterial spoilage in continuous operation as seen in a test of the invention.
- Fig. 4 is a graph illustrating an improvement in a bio-diesel fuel as seen in a test of the invention.
- the present invention provides a method and device for resuscitating and revitalizing hydrocarbon fuels to eliminate bio-contamination through the use of a metal alloy fuel catalyst.
- the inventors have discovered that a number of different types of fuel catalysts, and particularly metal alloy fuel catalysts of the types described in the above-referenced patents, may be employed for decontamination of hydrocarbon based fuels.
- the metal alloy fuel catalyst includes about 70% Sn, about 22% Sb, about 4% Bi, and about 4% Pb. While this is presently the most preferred formulation of the catalyst, it will be understood that variations of the percentages of elements, the type of elements and the number of elements are possible within the scope of the invention.
- a re-circulating system designed to simulate a diesel engine fuel system was constructed consisting of a fuel reservoir 2, a variable rate fuel pump 4, an in-line catalyst system 6, a flow meter 8, and sampling valve 10 for removal of fluid samples.
- the specific in-line catalyst system employed in the experiment was a Fitch Fuel Catalyst (FFC) Model F 750 metal alloy fuel catalyst incorporating Formula C, which was manufactured and supplied by Advanced Power Systems International, Inc. of Lakeville, CT.
- Pseudomas Oleovorans is representative of psychotropic bacteria, which have a preference for lower temperatures and are commonly found in hydrocarbon fuels.
- the particular Pseudomas Oleovorans used in the experiment was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and had been previously isolated from machine shop cutting oils and has demonstrated the capability of utilizing alkanes found in fuels.
- the species has also been isolated in petroleum contaminated arctic soils.
- the contaminated diesel fuel DF-2 was placed in the fuel reservoir 2 and circulated through the apparatus of Fig. 1 so that the diesel fuel ran through the in-line metal alloy fuel catalyst 6 in order to be treated.
- the initial exposure and treatment covered a two day period, with 12 hours of circulation being followed by 12 hours of non-circulation in order to simulate intermittent use, as would be typical with a vehicle or generator equipment fitted with the fuel catalyst.
- the fuel flow rate was maintained at 500 cc/min by use of the fuel pump 4 and the flow meter 8.
- the flow meter 8 was calibrated manually.
- the contaminated diesel was subjected to continuous circulation and exposure to the in-line catalyst 6 starting at day three for an additional period of four days.
- the quality of the diesel was inspected by utilizing UV-Visible spectroscopy by drawing a sample of the fuel from the system using the sampling valve 10. Fuel samples were drawn and inspected at 12-hour intervals during 96 hours of continuous operation.
- the contaminated diesel fuel Prior to treatment, the contaminated diesel fuel was very turbid and dirty. After treatment, there was a decrease in the turbidity that was easily visualized with the human eye. In fact, the color of the diesel fuel changed gradually in direct proportion to the hours of treatment. It should be noted that the system contained no fuel filter element or any other device that would impact the turbidity or cleanliness of the fuel other than the metal alloy catalyst being subjected to testing.
- the diesel fuel was further analyzed by UV-VIS spectroscopy, the results of which are shown in Fig. 2.
- a sample of uncontaminated diesel fuel was taken as the blank for the UV-VIS spectroscopy.
- the UV-VIS spectroscopy from wavelength 380 nm to 820 nm shows only the extra peaks in the contaminated diesel in relation to the blank of the uncontaminated diesel fuel.
- the three UV-VIS samples depicted in Fig. 2 were drawn at 12 hour intervals.
- the characteristic peak at approximately 400 nm decreased.
- the characteristic peak at approximately 400 nm is an appropriate reference point for measuring the amount of bacterial contamination of the diesel fuel.
- the contaminated fuel was additionally subjected to a continuous circulation operation over a 96 hour period.
- the UV-VIS spectroscopy results of the diesel fuel treatment under continuous circulation are shown in Fig. 3.
- Fuel was withdrawn every 12 hours and analyzed under UV-VIS spectroscopy.
- Fig. 3 again reveals that the observable peak at approximately 400 nm gradually decreased with time when the contaminated diesel fuel underwent a continuous circulation with the in-line catalyst 6.
- the peak at 400 nm decreased drastically over time.
- the improved diesel fuel demonstrated no peak at all in the UV-VIS spectroscopy compared to the uncontaminated diesel fuel blank.
- bio-diesel fuel blend was a mixture of 80% (v/v) DF-2 diesel fuel and 20% (v/v) Soy Gold AL-25842 (B-100 supplied by Southwest Research Laboratory.)
- the apparatus as illustrated in Fig. 1 was used as before, including the utilization of the same flow rate.
- An identical circulating system for testing uncontaminated bio-diesel served as a control.
- Fig. 4 shows the results of this analysis.
- the culture flasks remained under still conditions for 4-5 months. Following this, the culture flasks showed obvious differences.
- the culture flasks without the catalyst went through severe decomposition of the bio-diesel blend layer, as the separate floating layer was practically absent. Only a patch of the bio-diesel blend was left on the top layer and much of the bio-diesel layer was lost or otherwise disintegrated, as was evidenced by the existence of particulate matter on the bottom of the culture flask.
- the flask without the catalyst was shaken the remainder of the bio-diesel layer was encapsulated by the aqueous phase and formed small oily droplets. This was not observed in the culture flask that had the catalyst Formula C present.
- Bio-diesel is an oxygenated fuel made from vegetable oils, waste cooking oil, or animal fats by reaction of triglyceride fats therein with methanol to form methyl esters by way of transesterification.
- methyl soyate is used as a bio-diesel blend component, microbial growth from Bacillus bacteria was inhibited compared to bacterial growth in pure diesel. Therefore, evidence suggests that the bacterial action in a bio-diesel blend is far different from pure diesel fuel.
- the breakdown of the bio-diesel blend components by the Pseudomonas species in the above described experiments shows that bio-diesel by itself is more susceptible to bacterial spoilage.
- the appearance of turbidity in the aqueous phase in the culture flask with the catalyst shows the presence of bacterial growth, but at the same time the bio-diesel blend layer is not destroyed.
- the catalyst slows down bio-diesel spoilage.
- the appearance of the extra peaks in the UV-VIS spectroscopy as seen in Fig. 4 may be a result of a change in chemical composition, waste metabolites, or fragments of the bacterial cell.
- the Formula C catalyst in addition to serving in the conventional sense to improve combustion efficiency, can also be utilized to remove bio-contamination from hydrocarbon fuel products, as the above experimental results conclusively illustrate.
- the invention is not limited to the Formula C catalyst, but may include other metal alloy catalysts used to improve combustion efficiency.
- the inventors have also found other formulations of metal alloy fuel catalysts, including a three component catalyst including about 70% Sn, about 20% Sb, and about 10% Bi can also be employed to improve combustion efficiency and/or eliminate bio- contamination.
- the inventors have also recognized the importance of solid acid catalysts where Bronsted and Lewis sites play an important role. Their presence is crucial for catalytic processes like hydrocarbon isomerization, cracking, alkylation, hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, cyclization, etc. These heterogeneous catalysts offer several advantages: insolubility in the product, reusability, and increased product purity, among other advantages. From the point of view of Bronsted acidity, the solid acid is able to donate, or at least partially transfer, a proton that becomes associated with anions. For the Lewis definition, the solid acid must be able to accept an electron pair.
- Mo - O - Sn Bronsted acid sites are associated with the following bonds:
- bimetallic phases that involve tin for catalytic activities are the systems: Pt - Sn, Pt - Ir - Sn/AIO 2 .
- These bimetallic and three metallic catalysts consist of Platinum as the primary metal and a second metal such as Rhenium, Iridium, or Tin. These catalysts include:
- Fuel catalysts employing these combinations and others, including cerium and/or cerium oxide, may also be utilized to improve combustion efficiency and/or eliminate bio-contamination.
- the catalyst need not be formed as an in-line component, or as a bulk or drop-in element as described in the previously mentioned U.S. Patent Nos. 5,580,359; 5,738,692; 6,000,381 ; 6,306,185; and 6,770,105, but instead, the catalyst can alternatively be formed as a thin film alloy, nano-structure, film or membrane as disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Serial Number 1 1/204,228, U.S. Patent Application Serial Number 1 1/220,340, and U.S.
- Patent 6,503,4716 the contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference. Still further, methods of foaming metals and metal alloys have been developed that can be utilized to form the fuel catalyst or structures upon which the fuel catalyst can be coated. Accordingly, the fuel catalyst can take any desired structural form.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN2007800138768A CN101426886B (en) | 2006-03-20 | 2007-03-20 | Apparatus and method for resuscitating and revitalizing hydrocarbon fuels |
EP07758925.7A EP1996676A4 (en) | 2006-03-20 | 2007-03-20 | Apparatus and method for resuscitating and revitalizing hydrocarbon fuels |
AU2007226877A AU2007226877B2 (en) | 2006-03-20 | 2007-03-20 | Apparatus and method for resuscitating and revitalizing hydrocarbon fuels |
US12/234,193 US8298405B2 (en) | 2006-03-20 | 2008-09-19 | Apparatus and method for resuscitating and revitalizing hydrocarbon fuels |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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US78388306P | 2006-03-20 | 2006-03-20 | |
US60/783,883 | 2006-03-20 |
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US12/234,193 Continuation US8298405B2 (en) | 2006-03-20 | 2008-09-19 | Apparatus and method for resuscitating and revitalizing hydrocarbon fuels |
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WO2007109676A3 WO2007109676A3 (en) | 2007-11-08 |
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US (1) | US8298405B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1996676A4 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101426886B (en) |
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Cited By (1)
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WO2021086207A1 (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2021-05-06 | Greentech Innovations Sac | Compact purifier for purifying liquid hydrocarbon fuels, using physical and chemical means |
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PE20160647A1 (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-07-08 | Sanchez-Concha Rodrigo Coquis | DEVICE FOR THE TREATMENT AND ELIMINATION OF BACTERIA IN COMBUSTIBLE HYDROCARBONS AND PROCESS FOR THEIR MANUFACTURE AND THE ACTIVATION OF THEIR SURFACE |
KR102331593B1 (en) * | 2017-03-02 | 2021-11-26 | 로드리고 코키스 산체스-꼰샤 | Hydrodynamic systems for optimizing the performance of catalytic alloys and improving microbial contaminant removal properties of hydrocarbons |
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- 2007-03-20 EP EP07758925.7A patent/EP1996676A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-03-20 CN CN2007800138768A patent/CN101426886B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-03-20 AU AU2007226877A patent/AU2007226877B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2007-03-20 WO PCT/US2007/064423 patent/WO2007109676A2/en active Application Filing
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2008
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Cited By (1)
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WO2021086207A1 (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2021-05-06 | Greentech Innovations Sac | Compact purifier for purifying liquid hydrocarbon fuels, using physical and chemical means |
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CN101426886A (en) | 2009-05-06 |
US20090090656A1 (en) | 2009-04-09 |
EP1996676A2 (en) | 2008-12-03 |
US8298405B2 (en) | 2012-10-30 |
EP1996676A4 (en) | 2013-05-29 |
CN101426886B (en) | 2013-02-06 |
WO2007109676A3 (en) | 2007-11-08 |
AU2007226877A1 (en) | 2007-09-27 |
AU2007226877B2 (en) | 2012-07-05 |
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