WO2006082082A1 - Automotive air conditioning system - Google Patents

Automotive air conditioning system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006082082A1
WO2006082082A1 PCT/EP2006/000968 EP2006000968W WO2006082082A1 WO 2006082082 A1 WO2006082082 A1 WO 2006082082A1 EP 2006000968 W EP2006000968 W EP 2006000968W WO 2006082082 A1 WO2006082082 A1 WO 2006082082A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
refrigerant compressor
air
engine
standstill
refrigerant
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2006/000968
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Alfred Jeckel
Original Assignee
Daimlerchrysler Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Daimlerchrysler Ag filed Critical Daimlerchrysler Ag
Publication of WO2006082082A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006082082A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00735—Control systems or circuits characterised by their input, i.e. by the detection, measurement or calculation of particular conditions, e.g. signal treatment, dynamic models
    • B60H1/00764—Control systems or circuits characterised by their input, i.e. by the detection, measurement or calculation of particular conditions, e.g. signal treatment, dynamic models the input being a vehicle driving condition, e.g. speed
    • B60H1/00778—Control systems or circuits characterised by their input, i.e. by the detection, measurement or calculation of particular conditions, e.g. signal treatment, dynamic models the input being a vehicle driving condition, e.g. speed the input being a stationary vehicle position, e.g. parking or stopping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
    • B60H1/3222—Cooling devices using compression characterised by the compressor driving arrangements, e.g. clutches, transmissions or multiple drives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/07—Details of compressors or related parts
    • F25B2400/075—Details of compressors or related parts with parallel compressors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an air conditioning system for a motor vehicle according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the air conditioner has at least one refrigerant circuit.
  • the refrigerant flow is in this case usually generated by a compressor connected in the refrigerant circuit, which is directly driven by the vehicle engine.
  • a state in which the vehicle engine is not in operation, is in the so-called idle-stop operation, by means of which the fuel consumption can be reduced is to be brought by the engine temporarily to a halt, for example, when stopping at a traffic light.
  • German Patent Application DE 103 08 254 A1 may be mentioned, in which an adaptive control system for the air flow through an evaporator and for the air intake from the outside is used, in order to use as long and independently as possible the cold storage effect of the evaporator even during a motor standstill ,
  • this procedure only works if the engine has already been commissioned in advance.
  • DE 102 004 008 133 A1 discloses an air conditioning system which proposes an auxiliary unit for driving the supply units of the air conditioning system for carrying out an air conditioning operation when the vehicle is parked.
  • DE 102 004 041 161 A1 discloses various operating strategies for switching an air conditioning cooling of a vehicle with start-stop operation.
  • the core of the invention is therefore that in the at least one refrigerant circuit of the air conditioning, a refrigerant compressor is integrated, which is electrically controlled and operated at a standstill of the engine, especially before driving.
  • the power is supplied by additional batteries, preferably lead-acid batteries, which are recharged by a regular generator in belt operation with the engine running.
  • This allows operation of the refrigerant compressor, and hence the air conditioning system, independent of engine operation.
  • such an air conditioner has a control unit which, at least as a function of the temperature prevailing in the passenger compartment, activates the refrigerant compressor when the engine is at a standstill before driving. It is advantageously provided that the refrigerant compressor is controlled above a comfort value for the vehicle cabin when the vehicle is stationary or unused.
  • This temperature value can be variable depending on the vehicle condition.
  • the temperature value of a vehicle parked longer may be higher than that of a vehicle that was parked for a short time.
  • an air conditioner with such a controlled refrigerant compressor it is possible to restrict the operation and thereby conserve the energy storage necessary for the operation.
  • An embodiment of the air conditioner further comprises at least one device for heating the air to be introduced at standstill of the engine before driving and / or at least one device for ventilating the passenger compartment by introducing outside air when the engine is at rest before driving.
  • the device for heating the air to be introduced into the cabin enables the vehicle cab to be conditionally conditioned at high and low outside temperatures.
  • the air in the reheat operation can also be dehumidified.
  • the device for heating the air can act on the existing electrically operated refrigerant compressor, possibly in heat pump mode.
  • a control device which activates the respective device or the electric refrigerant compressor as a function of the prevailing temperature in the passenger compartment.
  • the ventilation device of the vehicle at greatly elevated temperatures of the refrigerant compressor and at a low temperature, the heater is controlled.
  • the stationary air conditioning mode heating, ventilation, cooling can change.
  • the pre-air conditioning is possible via a remote control, a switch in the control panel or a switch-on time that can be programmed in an associated control unit.
  • the remote control can act, for example, via infrared transmitter and receiver or via radio.
  • the remote control can act combined on a stationary air conditioning, ventilation and an optionally existing auxiliary heater, wherein an activation function may be depending on other parameters such as the cabin temperature either a ventilation function, a parking heater function or the air conditioning function.
  • the remote control can cause a direct activation of the devices for ventilation, heating and / or cooling, can cause a time- or parameter-controlled, such as temperature-dependent activation or transfer an activation time ü.
  • a mechanically operated refrigerant compressor is integrated in the refrigerant circuit for operation with the engine running.
  • the electrically operated refrigerant compressor is provided as an independent structural unit and is located in the refrigerant circuit arranged parallel to the mechanically operated refrigerant compressor.
  • the refrigerant compressor is designed as a so-called hybrid refrigerant compressor, which enables both a mechanical Antieb and an electric Antieb. At standstill of the engine before driving the hybrid refrigerant compressor, for example, electrically and mechanically operated with the engine running.
  • the pre-air conditioning of the air to be introduced into the passenger compartment by means of the already existing in the system as standard electric refrigerant compressor, which is controlled by a traction battery of the vehicle, possible.
  • the electric refrigerant compressor Since the electric refrigerant compressor has a significant power requirement, its speed is made dependent on the state of charge of these batteries due to the limited capacity of the batteries.
  • the time that is set for the pre-air conditioning or pre-cooling can be limited to a maximum operating time.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a
  • Air conditioner for a stationary air conditioning according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of an air conditioner for a stationary air conditioning with a refrigerant circuit 1.
  • the air conditioning system is provided for a motor vehicle and has common means for guiding and conditioning in the Passenger compartment to be introduced air, which are not shown for clarity in the drawing.
  • a housing for guiding and distributing the air, heat exchanger, blower for conveying the air and other means such as flaps and sensors are commonly provided.
  • the air conditioning system has at least one refrigerant circuit 1 with a mechanically driven refrigerant compressor 4, which is mechanically connected on its drive side to the drive unit of the vehicle and driven by the same.
  • a condenser / gas cooler 3 and an evaporator 2 with an upstream or integrated expansion unit are provided in the refrigerant circuit 1 along the flow direction of the refrigerant.
  • a further refrigerant compressor 5 is connected to the fluid circuit of the refrigerant circuit 1, which is electrically driven.
  • the structural unit of the refrigerant compressor 5 has an electric motor.
  • the operation of the refrigerant compressor 5 can be carried out in sole dependence on the associated batteries 6.
  • An associated control unit of the batteries 6 controls the operation of the Kält ⁇ dttelverêtrs 5 depending on the state of charge of the battery. 6
  • one of the two refrigerant compressors 4 or 5 must in each case be shut off from other refrigerant compressors 5 or 4 either in a conveying mode adapted to this operation or counter to the conveying direction. This can be done by the refrigerant compressor 5 or 4 itself or an upstream valve unit 7, which is designed as a check valve.
  • the electrically operated refrigerant compressor 5 has a controller that controls the operation of the refrigerant compressor 5 depending on the cabin air temperature of the vehicle.
  • the control unit evaluates the measured value of a temperature sensor which detects the temperature value prevailing in the passenger compartment. Above a switch-on value of this temperature, the refrigerant compressor 5 is turned on.
  • the temperature value can be variable and, for example, be lower with full batteries 6 than with partially discharged batteries 6.
  • the air conditioner has a ventilation device associated with the evaporator 2 and acting on the air stream passing through the evaporator 2 and supplied to the vehicle cabin, which fresh air conveys into the vehicle cabin. Furthermore, a heater is provided, which also acts on the evaporator 2 passing through and the vehicle cabin supplied air flow.
  • the control unit of the refrigerant compressor 5 controls, depending on the prevailing in the vehicle cabin temperature, the operation of the ventilation device, wherein the vehicle cabin unconditioned air is supplied, the operation of the heater, which heats the vehicle when the drive unit of the vehicle supplied air, and the operation of the refrigeration cycle 1 by means of the refrigerant compressor .5, through which the. Vehicle interior supplied air is cooled.
  • the control unit can also be integrated in the auxiliary heater and act indirectly on the refrigerant compressor 5.
  • the operating states can be carried out alternately or, for example, for a reheat operation or in a ventilation device acting on the participating heat exchangers of the auxiliary heating or the refrigerant circuit 1.
  • the auxiliary heater with the ventilation device can be turned on.
  • the ventilation device which is also advantageously supplied by the battery 6, initially operated alone and only at high temperatures takes place a conditioning of the air of the passenger compartment by means of the refrigerant compressor 5 operated refrigerant circuit 1. It can also upstream of a flushing of the cabin on the sole operation of the ventilation system done.
  • the control unit of the refrigerant compressor 5 has a timer, which allows a timed operation of the stall ventilation and / or conditioning.
  • the control unit of the refrigerant compressor 5 further has a remote control, which can activate one of the functions mentioned above for stand ventilation and / or conditioning or this combined via radio. The activation can be done directly or via an assigned time circuit. The activation may also effect the transmission of a switch-on time from the remote control to the controller.
  • the remote control works for example by radio or Infrafot.
  • refrigerant circuit 1 In addition to the structure of the refrigerant circuit 1 shown in the drawing, embodiments are also possible which have only one refrigerant compressor 5, which can be electrically stored. It can be designed as a purely electrically operable refrigerant compressor 5, which is operated even when the drive unit of the vehicle is running via an associated generator and intermediate batteries.
  • the refrigerant compressor 5 can also be designed as Hybridklaltesch- ⁇ compressor optionally is mechanically from the drive unit or operable by an electrical drive unit.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an automotive air conditioning system which comprises at least one coolant cycle. The invention is characterized in that an additional coolant compressor is integrated into the coolant cycle and can be electrically operated before start of the journey when the engine is switched off.

Description

Klimaanlage für ein Kraftfahrzeug Air conditioning for a motor vehicle
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Klimaanlage für ein Kraftfahrzeug nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The present invention relates to an air conditioning system for a motor vehicle according to the preamble of claim 1.
Es ist aus dem Stand der Technik hinlänglich bekannt , in Kraftfahrzeugen eine Klimavorrichtung vorzusehen, mit Hilfe welcher die in den Fahrgastinnenraum einzuleitende Luft entsprechend den von dem Fahrzeuginsassen festgelegten Bedingungen konditioniert wird, das heißt hinsichtlich Stärke, Temperatur und gegebenenfalls Feuchtigkeitsgrad des einzuleitenden LuftStroms eingestellt wird.It is well known from the prior art to provide an air conditioning device in motor vehicles, by means of which the air to be introduced into the passenger compartment is conditioned in accordance with the conditions set by the vehicle occupant, that is, adjusted in terms of strength, temperature and optionally degree of humidity of the air stream to be introduced.
Grundsätzlich weist die Klimaanlage zumindest einen Kältemittelkreislauf auf . Der Kältemittelfluss wird hierbei üblicherweise von einem in den Kältemittelkreislauf geschalteten Verdichter erzeugt, welcher von dem Fahrzeugmotor unmittelbar angetrieben wird .Basically, the air conditioner has at least one refrigerant circuit. The refrigerant flow is in this case usually generated by a compressor connected in the refrigerant circuit, which is directly driven by the vehicle engine.
Dies bedingt, dass der Fluss des Kältemittels zum Erliegen kommt , sobald der Fahrzeugmotor abgeschaltet wird, was bedeutet , dass bei einer hinlänglich aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Klimaanlage diese nur bei einem laufenden Motor funktionstüchtig ist .This requires that the flow of the refrigerant stops as soon as the vehicle engine is switched off, which means that in a well-known from the prior art air conditioning this only in a running engine is functional.
Ein Zustand, bei welchem der Fahrzeugmotor nicht im Betrieb ist , liegt bei dem so genannten Idle-Stop-Betrieb vor, mit Hilfe von welchem der Kraftstoffverbrauch reduziert werden soll , indem der Motor vorübergehend zum Stillstand gebracht wird, beispielsweise beim Halten an einer Ampel .A state in which the vehicle engine is not in operation, is in the so-called idle-stop operation, by means of which the fuel consumption can be reduced is to be brought by the engine temporarily to a halt, for example, when stopping at a traffic light.
Um in solchen Zuständen die Funktionstüchtigkeit der Klimaanlage aufrechterhalten zu können, sind im Stand der Technik mehrere Lösungen vorgeschlagen worden. Beispielhaft sei hierfür die deutsche Offenlegungsschrift DE 103 08 254 Al genannt, bei welcher ein adaptives Steuersystem für den Luftdurchsatz durch einen Verdampfer und für die Luftansaugung von außen herangezogen wird, um eine möglichst lange und selbständige Nutzung der Kältespeicherwirkung des Verdampfers auch bei einem Motorstillstand zu nutzen. Dieses Verfahren funktioniert j edoch nur, wenn der Motor vorab bereits in Betrieb genommen wurde .In order to be able to maintain the functionality of the air conditioning system in such states, several solutions have been proposed in the prior art. By way of example, German Patent Application DE 103 08 254 A1 may be mentioned, in which an adaptive control system for the air flow through an evaporator and for the air intake from the outside is used, in order to use as long and independently as possible the cold storage effect of the evaporator even during a motor standstill , However, this procedure only works if the engine has already been commissioned in advance.
In der DE 102 004 008 133 Al ist ein Klimatisierungssystem offenbart , dass zur Durchführung eines Klimatisierungsbetriebs bei abgestelltem Fahrzeug ein Hilfsaggregat zum Antrieb der Versorgungsaggregate des Klimatisierungssystems vorschlägt .DE 102 004 008 133 A1 discloses an air conditioning system which proposes an auxiliary unit for driving the supply units of the air conditioning system for carrying out an air conditioning operation when the vehicle is parked.
Die DE 102 004 041 161 Al offenbart verschiedene Betriebsstrategieen zum Schalten einer Klimaakühlung eines Fahrzeugs mit Start-Stopp-Betrieb .DE 102 004 041 161 A1 discloses various operating strategies for switching an air conditioning cooling of a vehicle with start-stop operation.
Es besteht nun das Bedürfnis , dass vor Fahrtantritt , insbesondere in den Sommermonaten bei einer erhöhten Außentemperatur, eine Vorab-Klimatisierung des Fahrgastinnenraums bereitgestellt werden soll .There is now a need that prior to departure, especially in the summer months at an elevated outside temperature, a pre-air conditioning of the passenger compartment should be provided.
Ausgehend davon ist es eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine Klimaanlage für ein Kraftfahrzeug bereitzustellen, welche mittels einfacher Mittel eine solche Vorab- Klimatisierung vor Fahrtantritt ermöglicht und dabei die benötigten Energievorräte schont . Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch eine Klimaanlage mit den Merkmalen nach Anspruch 1.Based on this, it is an object of the present invention to provide an air conditioning system for a motor vehicle, which by means of simple means such Vorab- air conditioning before driving allows and thereby spares the required energy supplies. This object is achieved by an air conditioner with the features of claim 1.
Der Kern der Erfindung liegt demzufolge darin, dass in dem zumindest einen Kältemittelkreislauf der Klimaanlage ein Kältemittelverdichter integriert ist , welcher bei einem Stillstand des Motors , insbesondere vor Fahrtantritt , elektrisch angesteuert und betrieben wird . Die Versorgung mit Strom erfolgt durch zusätzliche Akkus , vorzugsweise Blei -Akkus , die von einem regulären Generator im Riemenbetrieb bei laufendem Motor wieder aufgeladen werden. Dies ermöglicht einen vom Motorbetrieb unabhängigen Betrieb des Kältemittelverdichters und somit des Klimatisierungssystems . Desweiteren weist eine solche Klimaanlage ein Steuergerät auf , das mindestens in Abhängigkeit der im Fahrgastraum herrschenden Temperatur den Kältemittelverdichter im Stillstand des Motors vor Fahrtantritt ansteuert . Dabei ist vorteilhafterweise vorgesehen, dass der Kältemittelverdichter Oberhalb eines Komfortwertes für die Fahrzeugkabine bei stehendem oder unbenutzem Fahrzeug angesteuert wird . Dieser Temperaturwert kann in Abhängigkeit des Fahrzeugzustandes veränderlich sein. So kann der Temperaturwert eines länger abgestellten Fahrzeugs höher sein als der eines Fahrzeugs , das nur kurze Zeit abgestellt war . Durch eine Klimaanlage mit einem derart angesteuerten Kältemittel- Verdichter ist es möglich, den Betrieb einzuschränken und dadurch die für den Betrieb notwendigen Energiespeicher zu schonen.The core of the invention is therefore that in the at least one refrigerant circuit of the air conditioning, a refrigerant compressor is integrated, which is electrically controlled and operated at a standstill of the engine, especially before driving. The power is supplied by additional batteries, preferably lead-acid batteries, which are recharged by a regular generator in belt operation with the engine running. This allows operation of the refrigerant compressor, and hence the air conditioning system, independent of engine operation. Furthermore, such an air conditioner has a control unit which, at least as a function of the temperature prevailing in the passenger compartment, activates the refrigerant compressor when the engine is at a standstill before driving. It is advantageously provided that the refrigerant compressor is controlled above a comfort value for the vehicle cabin when the vehicle is stationary or unused. This temperature value can be variable depending on the vehicle condition. Thus, the temperature value of a vehicle parked longer may be higher than that of a vehicle that was parked for a short time. By an air conditioner with such a controlled refrigerant compressor, it is possible to restrict the operation and thereby conserve the energy storage necessary for the operation.
Eine Ausführungsform der Klimaanlage weist des Weiteren zumindest eine Vorrichtung zur Erwärmung der einzuleitenden Luft im Stillstand des Motors vor Fahrtantritt und/oder zumindest eine Vorrichtung zum Lüften des Fahrgastinnenraums durch Einleiten von Außenluft im Stillstand des Motors vor Fahrtantritt auf . Dabei ermöglicht die Vorrichtung zum Erwärmen der in die Kabine einzuleitenden Luft eine Standkonditio- nierung der Fahrzeugkabine bei hohen und niedrigen Aussentem- peraturen. Desweiteren kann die Luft im Reheat-Betrieb auch entfeuchtet werden . Die Vorrichtung zum Erwärmen der Luft kann über den vorhandenen elektrisch betriebenen Kältemittel- Verdichter, eventuell im Wärmepumpenbetrieb wirken.An embodiment of the air conditioner further comprises at least one device for heating the air to be introduced at standstill of the engine before driving and / or at least one device for ventilating the passenger compartment by introducing outside air when the engine is at rest before driving. In this case, the device for heating the air to be introduced into the cabin enables the vehicle cab to be conditionally conditioned at high and low outside temperatures. Furthermore, the air in the reheat operation can also be dehumidified. The device for heating the air can act on the existing electrically operated refrigerant compressor, possibly in heat pump mode.
Bei einer Ausführungsform der Klimaanlage ist ein Steuergerät vorgesehen, welches in Abhängigkeit der in dem Fahrgastinnen- raum vorherrschenden Temperatur die j eweilige Vorrichtung beziehungsweise den elektrischen Kältemittelverdichter aktiviert . So wird einer erhöhten Temperatur der Luft im Fahrgastinnenraum die Lüftungseinrichtung des Fahrzeugs , bei stark erhöhten Temperaturen der Kältemittelverdichter und bei einer niedrigen Temperatur die Standheizung angesteuert . Dabei kann während des Standklimatisierungsbetriebs die Betriebsart Heizen, Lüften, Kühlen wechseln.In one embodiment of the air conditioning system, a control device is provided which activates the respective device or the electric refrigerant compressor as a function of the prevailing temperature in the passenger compartment. Thus, an increased temperature of the air in the passenger compartment, the ventilation device of the vehicle, at greatly elevated temperatures of the refrigerant compressor and at a low temperature, the heater is controlled. During operation of the stationary air conditioning mode, the operating mode heating, ventilation, cooling can change.
Die Vorab-Klimatisierung ist bei einer Ausführungsform über eine Fernbedienung, einen Schalter im Bedienfeld oder einer in einem zugehörigen Steuergerät programmierbaren Einschalt- zeit möglich. Die Fernbedienung kann dabei beispielsweise ü- ber Infrarotsender und -empfänger oder über Funk wirken. Des- weiteren kann die Fernbedienung kombiniert auf eine Standklimatisierung, -lüftung und eine gegebenenfalls vorhandene Standheizung wirken, wobei eine Aktivierungsfunktion eventuell in Abhängigkeit weiterer Parameter wie der Kabinentemperatur wahlweise eine Lüftungsfunktion, eine Standheizungs- funktion oder die Klimatisierungsfunktion betrifft . Die Fernbedienung kann eine direkte Aktivierung der Vorrichtungen für Lüftung, Heizung und/oder Kühlung bewirken, kann eine zeit- oder parametergesteuerte , wie beispielsweise temperaturabhängige Aktivierung bewirken oder auch eine Aktivierungszeit ü- bertragen.In one embodiment, the pre-air conditioning is possible via a remote control, a switch in the control panel or a switch-on time that can be programmed in an associated control unit. The remote control can act, for example, via infrared transmitter and receiver or via radio. Furthermore, the remote control can act combined on a stationary air conditioning, ventilation and an optionally existing auxiliary heater, wherein an activation function may be depending on other parameters such as the cabin temperature either a ventilation function, a parking heater function or the air conditioning function. The remote control can cause a direct activation of the devices for ventilation, heating and / or cooling, can cause a time- or parameter-controlled, such as temperature-dependent activation or transfer an activation time ü.
In der Regel befindet sich in dem Kältemittelkreislauf auch ein mechanisch betriebener Kältemittelverdichter für einen Betrieb bei laufendem Motor integriert . Bei der Klimaanlage ist der elektrisch betriebene Kältemittelverdichter als eigenständige Baueinheit vorgesehen und in dem Kältemittel- kreislauf parallel zu dem mechanisch betriebenen Kältemittel- Verdichter angeordnet .As a rule, a mechanically operated refrigerant compressor is integrated in the refrigerant circuit for operation with the engine running. In the air conditioning system, the electrically operated refrigerant compressor is provided as an independent structural unit and is located in the refrigerant circuit arranged parallel to the mechanically operated refrigerant compressor.
In einer Ausführungsform der Klimaanlage gemäß der Erfindung ist der Kältemittelverdichter als ein so genannter Hybrid- Kältemittelverdichter ausgebildet , welcher sowohl einen mechanischen Antieb als auch einen elektrischen Antieb ermöglicht . Im Stillstand des Motors vor Fahrtantritt wird der Hybrid-Kältemittelverdichter beispielsweise elektrisch und bei laufendem Motor mechanisch betrieben .In one embodiment of the air conditioning system according to the invention, the refrigerant compressor is designed as a so-called hybrid refrigerant compressor, which enables both a mechanical Antieb and an electric Antieb. At standstill of the engine before driving the hybrid refrigerant compressor, for example, electrically and mechanically operated with the engine running.
Bei einem Hybrid-Fahrzeug mit einem Hybrid-Motor ist die Vor- ab-Klimatisierung der in den Fahrgastinnenraum einzuleitenden Luft mittels des bereits im System serienmäßig vorhandenen elektrischen Kältemittelverdichters , welcher von einer Traktionsbatterie des Fahrzeugs angesteuert wird, möglich .In a hybrid vehicle with a hybrid engine, the pre-air conditioning of the air to be introduced into the passenger compartment by means of the already existing in the system as standard electric refrigerant compressor, which is controlled by a traction battery of the vehicle, possible.
Da der elektrische Kältemittelverdichter einen erheblichen Leistungsbedarf hat , wird dessen Drehzahl aufgrund der beschränkten Kapazität der Akkus vom Ladezustand dieser Akkus abhängig gemacht . Darüber hinaus kann die Zeit , welche für die Vorab-Klimatisierung beziehungsweise Vorkühlung eingestellt ist , auf eine maximale Betriebsdauer begrenzt werden.Since the electric refrigerant compressor has a significant power requirement, its speed is made dependent on the state of charge of these batteries due to the limited capacity of the batteries. In addition, the time that is set for the pre-air conditioning or pre-cooling can be limited to a maximum operating time.
Die Erfindung soll nun im Folgenden anhand des in der beiliegenden Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher beschrieben werden . Es zeigt die einzigeThe invention will now be described in more detail below with reference to the embodiment shown in the accompanying drawings. It shows the only one
Figur 1 ein schematisches Schaltdiagramm einerFigure 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a
Klimaanlage für eine Standklimatisierung gemäß der Erfindung .Air conditioner for a stationary air conditioning according to the invention.
Figur 1 zeigt eine Ausführungsform einer Klimaanlage für eine Standklimatisierung mit einem Kältemittelkreislauf 1. Die Klimaanlage ist für ein Kraftfahrzeug vorgesehen und weist gängige Mittel zum Führen und Konditionieren von in den Fahrgastinnenraum einzuleitender Luft auf , die zur klareren Darstellung in der Zeichnung nicht weiter dargestellt sind. So sind gängigerweise ein Gehäuse zum Leiten und Verteilen der Luft , Heizungswärmetauscher, Gebläse zum Fördern der Luft und weitere Mittel wie Klappen und Sensoren vorgesehen. Die Klimaanlage weist zumindest einen Kältemittelkreislauf 1 mit einem mechanisch angetriebenen Kältemittelverdichter 4 auf , der auf seiner Antriebsseite mechanisch an das Antriebsaggre- gat des Fahrzeugs angebunden ist und von diesem angetrieben wird . Desweiteren sind im Kältemittelkreislauf 1 entlang der Durchströmungsrichtung des Kältemittels ein Kondensator/Gaskühler 3 und ein Verdampfer 2 mit vorgeordneter oder integrierter Expansionseinheit vorgesehen.Figure 1 shows an embodiment of an air conditioner for a stationary air conditioning with a refrigerant circuit 1. The air conditioning system is provided for a motor vehicle and has common means for guiding and conditioning in the Passenger compartment to be introduced air, which are not shown for clarity in the drawing. Thus, a housing for guiding and distributing the air, heat exchanger, blower for conveying the air and other means such as flaps and sensors are commonly provided. The air conditioning system has at least one refrigerant circuit 1 with a mechanically driven refrigerant compressor 4, which is mechanically connected on its drive side to the drive unit of the vehicle and driven by the same. Furthermore, a condenser / gas cooler 3 and an evaporator 2 with an upstream or integrated expansion unit are provided in the refrigerant circuit 1 along the flow direction of the refrigerant.
Parallel zu dem mechanischen Kältemittelverdichter 4 ist ein weiterer Kältemittelverdichter 5 an den Fluidkreislauf des Kältemittelkreislaufs 1 angeschlossen, der elektrisch antreibbar ist . Die Baueinheit des Kältemittelverdichters 5 weist einen Elektromotor auf . Mittels dieses Kältemittelverdichters 5 ist somit der Kältekreislauf 1 unabhängig vom Antriebsaggregat des Fahrzeugs betreibbar, sobald elektische Energie zur Verfügung steht .Parallel to the mechanical refrigerant compressor 4, a further refrigerant compressor 5 is connected to the fluid circuit of the refrigerant circuit 1, which is electrically driven. The structural unit of the refrigerant compressor 5 has an electric motor. By means of this refrigerant compressor 5 is thus the refrigeration cycle 1 independently of the drive unit of the vehicle operable as soon as electrical energy is available.
Zum Betreiben des Kältekreislaufs 1 unabhängig vom Antriebsaggregat des Fahrzeugs sind Akkus 6 vorgesehen, die während der Fahrt des Fahrzeugs mittels dessen Antriebsaggregats und einem zugehörigen Generator geladen und vorteilhafterweise bei stehendem oder abgeschaltetem Antriebsaggregat zur Versorgung des Kältemittelverdichters 5 an diesem angeschlossen bleiben und vom restlichen Bordnetz getrennt werden .To operate the refrigeration cycle 1 regardless of the drive unit of the vehicle batteries 6 are provided, which are loaded while driving the vehicle by means of its drive unit and an associated generator and advantageously with stationary or disconnected drive unit to supply the refrigerant compressor 5 remain connected to this and separated from the rest of the electrical system become .
Somit kann der Betrieb des Kältemittelverdichters 5 in alleiniger Abhängigkeit von den zugeordneten Akkus 6 erfolgen. Ein zugehöriges Steuergerät der Akkus 6 steuert den Betrieb des Kälteπdttelverdichters 5 in Abhängigkeit vom Ladezustand der Akkus 6.Thus, the operation of the refrigerant compressor 5 can be carried out in sole dependence on the associated batteries 6. An associated control unit of the batteries 6 controls the operation of the Kältπdttelverdichters 5 depending on the state of charge of the battery. 6
Zum unabhängigen Betrieb der beiden im Kältemittelkreislauf 1 der Klimaanlage parallel angeschlossenen Kältemittelverdichter 4 und 5 muss bei Betrieb eines der beiden Kältemittelverdichter 4 oder 5 der j eweils andere Kältemittelverdichter 5 oder 4 entweder auch in einem auf diesen Betrieb abgestimmten Förderbetrieb oder entgegen der Förderrichtung gesperrt sein. Dies kann durch den Kältemittelverdichter 5 oder 4 selber o- der eine vorgeordnete Ventileinheit 7 , die als Rückschlagventil ausgebildet ist , erfolgen.For the independent operation of the two refrigerant compressors 4 and 5 connected in parallel in the refrigerant circuit 1 of the air conditioning system, one of the two refrigerant compressors 4 or 5 must in each case be shut off from other refrigerant compressors 5 or 4 either in a conveying mode adapted to this operation or counter to the conveying direction. This can be done by the refrigerant compressor 5 or 4 itself or an upstream valve unit 7, which is designed as a check valve.
Der elektrisch betriebene Kältemittelverdichter 5 weist ein Steuergerät auf , das den Betrieb des Kältemittelverdichters 5 in Abhängigkeit von der Kabinenlufttemperatur des Fahrzeugs steuert . Dazu wertet das Steuergerät insbesonder in Betriebs- zuständen des Fahrzeugs , in denen das Antriebsaggregat des Fahrzeugs stillsteht oder abgeschaltet ist , den Messwert eines Temperatursensors , der die in dem Fahrgastinnenraum vorherrschenden Temperaturwert erfasst . Oberhalb eines Einschaltwertes dieser Temperatur wird der Kältemittelverdichter 5 angeschaltet . Der Temperaturwert kann dabei veränderlich sein und beispielsweise bei vollen Akkus 6 niedriger sein als bei teilentladenen Akkus 6.The electrically operated refrigerant compressor 5 has a controller that controls the operation of the refrigerant compressor 5 depending on the cabin air temperature of the vehicle. For this purpose, in particular in operating states of the vehicle in which the drive unit of the vehicle is stationary or switched off, the control unit evaluates the measured value of a temperature sensor which detects the temperature value prevailing in the passenger compartment. Above a switch-on value of this temperature, the refrigerant compressor 5 is turned on. The temperature value can be variable and, for example, be lower with full batteries 6 than with partially discharged batteries 6.
Die Klimaanlage weist eine dem Verdampfer 2 zugeordnete und auf den den Verdampfer 2 durchsetzenden und der Fahrzeugkabine zugeführten Luftstrom wirkende Belüftungsvorrichtung auf , welche Frischluft in die Fahrzeugkabine fördert . Desweiteren ist eine Standheizung vorgesehen, die ebenso auf den den Verdampfer 2 durchsetzenden und der Fahrzeugkabine zugeführten Luftstrom wirkt . Das Steuergerät des Kältemittelverdichters 5 steuert in Abhängigkeit der in der Fahrzeugkabine vorherrschenden Temperatur den Betrieb der Belüftungsvorrichtung, bei dem der Fahrzeugkabine unkonditionierte Luft zugeführt wird, den Betrieb der Standheizung, die bei stehendem Antriebsaggregat des Fahrzeugs der Kabine zugeführte Luft erwärmt , sowie den Betrieb des Kältekreislaufs 1 mittels des Kältemittelverdichters .5 , durch den die dem. Fahrzeuginnenraum zugeführte Luft gekühlt wird. Das Steuergerät kann dabei auch in der Standheizung integriert sein und mittelbar auf den Kältemittelverdichter 5 wirken.The air conditioner has a ventilation device associated with the evaporator 2 and acting on the air stream passing through the evaporator 2 and supplied to the vehicle cabin, which fresh air conveys into the vehicle cabin. Furthermore, a heater is provided, which also acts on the evaporator 2 passing through and the vehicle cabin supplied air flow. The control unit of the refrigerant compressor 5 controls, depending on the prevailing in the vehicle cabin temperature, the operation of the ventilation device, wherein the vehicle cabin unconditioned air is supplied, the operation of the heater, which heats the vehicle when the drive unit of the vehicle supplied air, and the operation of the refrigeration cycle 1 by means of the refrigerant compressor .5, through which the. Vehicle interior supplied air is cooled. The control unit can also be integrated in the auxiliary heater and act indirectly on the refrigerant compressor 5.
Die Betriebszustände können wechselweise oder beispielsweise für einen Reheatbetrieb oder bei einer auf die beteiligten Wärmeübertrager der Standheizung oder des Kältemittelkreislaufs 1 wirkenden Belüftungsvorrichtung kombiniert erfolgen . So kann bei einer sehr niedrigen Temperatur im Fahrgastinnenraum über das Steuergerät die Standheizung mit der Belüftungsvorrichtung angeschaltet werden. In einem Übergangsbereich der Temperatur erfolgt kein Betrieb eines der Aggregate , bei massig erwärmter Luft wird die Belüftungsvorrichtung, die vorteilhafterweise auch von den Akkus 6 versorgt wird, zunächst alleine betrieben und nur bei hohen Temperaturen erfolgt eine Konditionierung der Luft des Fahrgastinnenraums durch den mittels des Kältemittelverdichter 5 betriebenen Kältemittelkreislauf 1. Dabei kann vorgeordnet auch ein Spülen der Kabine über alleinigen Betrieb der Belüftungsanlage erfolgen.The operating states can be carried out alternately or, for example, for a reheat operation or in a ventilation device acting on the participating heat exchangers of the auxiliary heating or the refrigerant circuit 1. Thus, at a very low temperature in the passenger compartment via the control unit, the auxiliary heater with the ventilation device can be turned on. In a transition region of the temperature is no operation of the units, with moderately heated air, the ventilation device, which is also advantageously supplied by the battery 6, initially operated alone and only at high temperatures takes place a conditioning of the air of the passenger compartment by means of the refrigerant compressor 5 operated refrigerant circuit 1. It can also upstream of a flushing of the cabin on the sole operation of the ventilation system done.
Das Steuergerät des Kältemittelverdichters 5 weist eine Schaltuhr auf, die einen Zeitgesteuerten Betrieb der Standbelüftung und/oder -konditionierung ermöglicht . Das Steuergerät des Kältemittelverdichters 5 weist desweiteren eine Fernbedienung auf , die über Funk eine der genannten Funktionen zur Standbelüftung und/oder -konditionierung oder diese kombiniert aktivieren kann. Die Aktivierung kann direkt oder über eine zugeordnete ZeitSchaltung erfolgen . Die Aktivierung kann auch die Übertragung einer Einschaltzeit von der Fernbedienung auf das Steuergerät bewirken. Die Fernbedienung funktioniert beispielsweise mittels Funk oder Infrafot .The control unit of the refrigerant compressor 5 has a timer, which allows a timed operation of the stall ventilation and / or conditioning. The control unit of the refrigerant compressor 5 further has a remote control, which can activate one of the functions mentioned above for stand ventilation and / or conditioning or this combined via radio. The activation can be done directly or via an assigned time circuit. The activation may also effect the transmission of a switch-on time from the remote control to the controller. The remote control works for example by radio or Infrafot.
Neben dem in der Zeichnung dargestellten Aufbau des Kältemittelkreislaufs 1 sind auch Ausführungsformen möglich, die nur einen Kältemittelverdichter 5 aufweisen, der elektrisch be- teibbar ist . Dabei kann dieser als rein elektrisch betreibbarer Kältemittelverdichter 5 ausgebildet sein, der auch bei laufendem Antriebsaggregat des Fahrzeugs über einen zugehörigen Generator und zwischengeschaltete Akkus betrieben wird. Der Kältemittelverdichter 5 kann auch als Hybridkältemittel- ■ Verdichter ausgebildet sein, der vom Antriebsaggregat mechanisch oder wahlweise über eine elektrische Antriebseinheit betreibbar ist . In addition to the structure of the refrigerant circuit 1 shown in the drawing, embodiments are also possible which have only one refrigerant compressor 5, which can be electrically stored. It can be designed as a purely electrically operable refrigerant compressor 5, which is operated even when the drive unit of the vehicle is running via an associated generator and intermediate batteries. The refrigerant compressor 5 can also be designed as Hybridkältemittel- ■ compressor optionally is mechanically from the drive unit or operable by an electrical drive unit.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Klimaanlage für ein Kraftfahrzeug zum Führen und Konditi- onieren von in den Fahrgastinnenraum einzuleitender Luft , aufweisend zumindest einen Kältemittelkreislauf (1) , wobei in den Kältemittelkreislauf (1) ein Kältemittelverdichter (5) integriert ist , welcher bei einem Stillstand1. Air conditioning system for a motor vehicle for guiding and conditioning of air to be introduced into the passenger compartment, comprising at least one refrigerant circuit (1), wherein in the refrigerant circuit (1) a refrigerant compressor (5) is integrated, which at a standstill
. des Motors vor Fahrtantritt elektrisch betreibbar ist dadurch gekennzeichnet , dass ein Steuergerät vorgesehen ist , welches in Abhängigkeit, der in dem Fahrgastinnenraum vorherrschenden Temperatur den elektrischen Kältemittelverdichter (5) im Stillstand des Motors vor Fahrtantritt ansteuert ., of the engine is electrically operable before driving, characterized in that a control device is provided which, depending on the temperature prevailing in the passenger compartment temperature, the electric refrigerant compressor (5) at standstill of the engine before driving starts.
2. Klimaanlage nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet , dass zusätzlich eine Vorrichtung der Erwärmung der einzuleitenden Luft im Stillstand des Motors und/oder eine . Vorrichtung zum Lüften des Fahrgastinnenraums durch Einleiten von Außenluft im Stillstand des Motors vorgesehen sind/ist .2. The air conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that in addition a device of heating the air to be introduced at standstill of the engine and / or a. Device for ventilating the passenger compartment are provided by introducing outside air at standstill of the engine / is.
3. Klimaanlage nach Anspruch 2 , dadurch gekennzeichnet , dass ein Steuergerät vorgesehen ist , welches in Abhängigkeit der in dem Fahrgastinnenraum vorherrschenden Tempe- ratur Vorrichtung zur Erwärmung der einzuleitenden Luft, die Vorrichtung zum Lüften des Fahrgastinnenraums durch Einleiten von Außenluft oder den elektrischen Kältemittelverdichter (5) im Stillstand des Motors vor Fahrtantritt ansteuert3. The air conditioner according to claim 2, characterized in that a control device is provided which, depending on the prevailing in the passenger compartment Tempe- Device for heating the air to be introduced, the device for ventilating the passenger compartment by introducing external air or the electric refrigerant compressor (5) at standstill of the engine before driving starts
4. Klimaanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3 , bei welcher das Steuergerät über eine Fernbedienung oder eine Einschaltzeitprogrammierung aktivierbar ist .4. The air conditioner according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the control unit via a remote control or a switch-on programming is activated.
5. Klimaanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 , bei welcher in den Kältemittelkreislauf (1) ein mechanisch betriebener Kältemittelverdichter (4 ) für einen Betrieb bei einem laufenden Motor integriert ist , wobei der elektrisch betriebene Kältemittelverdichter (5) parallel zu dem mechanisch betriebenen Kältemittelverdichter (4 ) angeordnet ist .5. The air conditioner according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in the refrigerant circuit (1) a mechanically operated refrigerant compressor (4) is integrated for operation in a running engine, wherein the electrically operated refrigerant compressor (5) parallel to the mechanically operated refrigerant compressor (4) is arranged.
6. Klimaanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5 , bei welcher der Kältemittelverdichter (5) ein Hybrid- Kältemittelverdichter ist , welcher im Stillstand des Motors vor Fahrtantritt elektrisch und bei laufendem Motor mechanisch betreibbar ist .6. The air conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the refrigerant compressor (5) is a hybrid refrigerant compressor, which is electrically operable at standstill of the engine before driving and with the engine running.
7. Klimaanlage nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei welcher der Kältemittelverdichter (5) von zumindest einem separaten Akku (6) elektrisch gespeist wird, wobei eine Drehzahl des Kältemittelverdichters (5) in Abhängigkeit von dem Ladezustand des Akkus ( 6) angesteuert wird . 7. The air conditioner according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the refrigerant compressor (5) of at least one separate battery (6) is electrically powered, wherein a rotational speed of the refrigerant compressor (5) in dependence on the state of charge of the battery (6) is driven.
PCT/EP2006/000968 2005-02-03 2006-02-03 Automotive air conditioning system WO2006082082A1 (en)

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