WO2006050070A2

WO2006050070A2 - A modular self structuring and computing system

Info

Publication number: WO2006050070A2
Application number: PCT/US2005/038894
Authority: WO
Inventors: Neil Desmond
Original assignee: Neil Desmond
Priority date: 2004-10-29
Filing date: 2005-10-28
Publication date: 2006-05-11
Also published as: WO2006050070A3; AU2005302536A1; AU2005302536B2

Abstract

A modular self structuring and computing system includes a matrix (150, 150’) formed of a plurality of modules (10, A, B, C). Each module (10, A, B, C, D, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000) comprises up to six connecting assemblies (40, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 1010, 2010, 3010, 4010) that are detachably coupled to one another through pin (267b, 467b, 567b, 767b) and hole (267a, 467a, 567a, 767a) type connections to form a housing (800) for a power source (69). Each connecting assembly (40) includes a pivotally mounted leg (25-30, 1050, 1060, 1070, 1080, 2050, 2060, 2070, 2080, 3050, 3060, 3070, 3080, 4050, 4070, 4080) with a connecting plate (31-36) attached thereto and a central connector (68).

Description

A MODULAR SELF STRUCTURING AND COMPUTING SYSTEM

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention The present invention is generally directed to a self structuring and computing system. More particularly, the invention is directed to numerous modules that are each formed from detachably coupling six connecting assemblies together around a single power source. The modules can be fit together into a system by various connection devices and communications channels that allow the modules to move relative to one another to form themselves into desired objects or perform desired tasks.

2. Discussion of the Prior Art

Currently, in many diverse applications, fields or professions, mechanisms are formed to essentially do one dedicated task. Even those devices which may do multiple tasks are formed with a particular configuration and have very little adaptability to conduct other tasks or change their shape in any meaningful manner. For example, although a computer can be manufactured so that it has certain types of processors, ram, memory or hard drives and further may be programmed to do numerous different tasks, the computer structure itself is essentially static. In other words, if a memory chip needs to be replaced, the box or container for the computer must be opened, the old ram chip or hard drive must be removed and a new chip is placed in the computer.

The structure in typical non-computing devices is even more difficult to change once the devices are manufactured. Objects as simple as forks, knives or spoons or various equipment around the office, such as clipboards and paper clips or even personal use items, such as cameras, eyeglasses, earphones or amusement devices are all pretty much manufactured in their final form. At best, the most adaptable Swiss army knife may have numerous different blades but each blade is cast or manufactured in its final form and simply may be rotated to an operational or non-operational position. For example, the knife cannot become a fork and the fork cannot become a spoon, etc.

On a larger scale, such as, for example, at a manufacturing site, numerous different machines must be used, one for each task. A crane, a forklift and a dump truck all are separately manufactured, have very specific tasks they perform and are brought to a construction site when needed. Recently, some construction equipment has been provided with interchangeable tools. A backhoe may change the tool on its arm from a bucket to a drill, etc. However, even then a selection of different tools must be available.

The equipment on a fire truck provides a good example of how specific tools have become. When firemen on a fire truck arrive at the scene of an accident or fire, they must bring numerous different types of equipment, such as ladders or hoses, axes and the like so that they have the right tool for the right job. Clearly, a reduction in the amount of needed tools would be helpful. Furthermore, the vehicles themselves tend to be very specific. A police car is different from a fire truck which is different from an ambulance, etc. Once again, because once these devices have an essentially static configuration after they are manufactured, any desired modifications to the vehicle must be made in a factory or repair shop.

On a much smaller scale, various parts of tools, such as a knife or parts of a car, such as sensors, indicators, accelerators, brake pedals, transmissions, etc., are all statically formed. At best, for example, a seat in the car might be adjusted forward and back or folded to place the vehicle into a cargo-carrying configuration from a passenger-carrying configuration. However, no fundamental change to structure is designed into these devices.

Some solutions have been prepared to address these problems. For example, Utility Fog is a nanotechnology based idea wherein tiny robots form a layer of interrelated units that are connected to one another. The tiny robots can move relative to one another in order to change the shape of an object. For example, they can change the appearance of furniture so that one style of furniture becomes another style. However, currently, Utility Fog falls short on details. For example, Utility Fog, as disclosed, does not have a particularly good mechanism for connecting the various robots or storing energy. Furthermore, manipulating the units relative to one another or developing an effective communication scheme that allows the units to talk to one another has not been developed.

U.S. Patent No. 5,988,845 discloses a universal unit for automatically configuring three-dimensional structures to desired shapes. This patent is generally directed to three-dimensional structures which may be formed by grouping large numbers of three-dimensional universal units. While this patent does disclose more details regarding the transmission of power from one unit to another and a connecting mechanism, once again, the way these units are connected and move relative to one another are particularly cumbersome and inefficient.

Finally, U.S. Patent No. 4,608,525 discloses a cellular type robot apparatus. The robot cells are coordinated so that each cell can be controlled so as to operate in concert with one another. Once again, this patent does not disclose a particularly efficient manner of connecting these units or moving them relative to one another.

Regardless of these solutions, we can see that there exists a need in the art for a self-structuring modular system which has an efficient manner of connecting the sub units (or modules), providing communication and computing power and allowing the elements to move quickly and rapidly from one position to another relative to each other.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to a modular self structuring and computing system including a matrix formed of a plurality of modules. Each module comprises up to six connecting assemblies that are detachably coupled to one another through pin and hole type connections. Each of the connecting assemblies includes a central connector that can communicate with a power source located in the center of the module and a movable leg with a connecting plate. Typically, each leg of a module may pivot about two axes and can be extended away from and retracted towards the module housing. Various types of actuators may be used to pivot, extend and retract the legs. A small amount of memory can be located within the module or within each set of module legs. Additionally, the connecting plates are rotatable so as to engage one another. Communication systems are provided between the connecting plates so that one module may connect and thus communicate with another module. In order to have the computing system understand its orientation, each side of the housing of the six sides is numbered and identified.

Groups of modules may be formed into a matrix type structure and by directing various modules to move or pivot their legs,^' the overall structure can move to change its shape and/or size, or perform various tasks. Additionally, modules may move from spot to spot by connecting and disconnecting legs in an orderly fashion. For example, a single module at a time may be moved from one end of the overall matrix to another, thus moving the overall matrix in a slow and orderly fashion. Furthermore, one set of modules may be programmed to move relative to another set to cause linear or rotational motion. Alternatively, a plurality of modules may be added to a matrix and then moved to an appropriate position, resulting in a matrix that has a desired shape and size.

Power and computing for each module is also transmitted along with the communication. If one module loses power, other modules may divert power to that module from a different source. Finally, each module can have or be assigned a unique identification value or address, thus allowing a particular module to be given instructions for a desired task.

With this system, a matrix of modules may form any desired shape and perform any desired function. A matrix could start as a spoon and change into a fork. A fire truck would only have to carry one tool or none if the truck itself was formed from modules. In a construction site, a single machine formed of a matrix of modules could quickly adapt to perform numerous jobs at the site.

Additional objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment when taken in conjunction with the drawings wherein like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts in the several views.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a self-structuring computing system housing according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;

Figure 2 is an exploded detail view showing a leg connected to a housing according to Figure 1 ;

Figure 3 shows a detail of a pivoting leg along with a battery power source;

Figure 4 shows a cross section of a leg along with the leg's internal power and communications cable;

Figure 5 depicts a drive mechanism for actuating one of the legs of the housing in Figure 1 ;

Figure 6 A shows a connecting plate of one of the legs of the housing shown in Figure 1 according to a first preferred embodiment of the invention;

Figure 6B shows a connecting plate of one of the legs of the housing according to a second preferred embodiment of the invention; Figures 7A, 7B and 7C are a series of Figures showing how two different connecting plates engage one another;

Figure 8 shows multiple nuclei of a preferred embodiment attached to one another in a matrix;

Figure 9 shows an enlarged view of a nucleus shown in Figure 8;

Figure 10 is an exploded detail view showing a leg an associated connecting assembly according to Figure 1 ;

Figure 11 is an exploded perspective view of three connecting assemblies according to Figure 1 ;

Figure 12 is a perspective view showing details of two connecting assemblies according to Figure 1 , along with a battery power source;

Figure 13 is an exploded top view of four connecting assemblies according to Figure 1 , along with a battery power source; and

Figures 14 A, 14B and 14C are a series of Figures showing how four modules cooperate to replace the power source of one of the modules. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

With initial reference to Figure 1 , there is shown a single six-sided module 10 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention. Module 10 is preferably formed of two major components, a housing 12 and a set of legs 14. Housing 12 is shown as a cube but could be formed in other shapes, such as a sphere. Housing 12 comprises six connecting assemblies 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, and 700 which are detachably coupled to one another. In its cubic form, housing 12 has six faces. Only a front face 20, a left side face 21 and a top face 22 are shown. Each face provides a mounting area for a respective leg 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 and 30 providing housing 12 with six legs. Legs 14 could also, if desired, be placed at each corner (not separately labeled) of housing 12 resulting in module 10 having eight legs. Legs 14 could also be placed both at each surface and each corner resulting in housing 12 having fourteen legs. Of course, any intermediate number of legs is also possible. In a preferred embodiment, housing 12 supports legs 25-30 in a pivotal manner. Each leg 25-30 is provided with a respective connecting plate 31-36. Module 10 is preferably symmetrical about all three axes and numerous modules 10 may be connected to each other by attaching respective connecting plates 31-36 to form a matrix. The lowermost modules 10 may use their connecting plates 31-36 as feet to support the matrix.

Turning now to Figure 2, there is illustrated an exploded view of the connection of one leg 30 to housing 12. As mentioned above, a typical leg, such as leg 30, may pivot in any direction relative to housing 12 due to a connecting assembly 40. Connecting assembly 40 includes a rectangular frame 41 mounted securely in housing 12. Frame 41 includes four beams 43-46 and a curved back wall 47 which define the boundaries of a centrally located recess 49. Oppositely located beams 44 and 46 have mounting holes 50 (only one shown) located symmetrically opposite one another. Curved back wall 47 and frame 41 form recess 49 in which a pivoting assembly 51 is mounted for rotation about a first axis 52. Pivoting assembly 51 includes a rectangular housing 54 formed of four beams 55-58. Two of the beams 56, 57 have outwardly extending pins 59, 60 that generally cooperate with mounting holes 50 in frame 41 to allow for the pivoting motion of pivoting assembly 51. Any sort of bearing may be used to reduce friction in this pivoting connection. The remaining two beams 55, 58 of pivoting assembly 51 include mounting holes 61 (only one shown). An end 62 of leg 30 has outwardly extending mounting pins 63 (only one shown) that generally cooperate with mounting holes 61 in pivoting assembly 51. Once again, any type of anti¬ friction bearing may be used, as may different types of pivoting connections. For example, a rod could be mounted in housing 54 and extend from one beam 55 to another 58 though leg 30 to form the pivoting connection. If leg 30 is restricted to pivot about only one axis, then the adjacent legs should be set up to pivot about axes that are at right angles to one another so as to avoid interference with the other pivoting legs.

As seen in Figure 1, with specific reference to a different leg 28, one end 64 of leg 28 is attached to housing 12 as discussed above in regards to leg 30. The other end 65 of leg 28 is attached to a connecting plate 34. Legs 25-30 may be free standing or may be reinforced by tension cables 66, seen in Figure 1, as extending from housing 12 to the edge of connecting plate 34 of leg 28. Cables 66 may be reeled in and out as necessary when leg 28 is extended, retracted or pivoted. When utilized, cables 66 will give the legs 25-30 a more ridged and stable support. The legs 25-30 themselves may be extended and retracted as desired by the use of extendable housing and motive systems.

Turning now to Figure 3, there is shown one leg 30 pivotably mounted within its associated connecting assembly 40. Assembly 40 has a series of holes 67a mounted in a beam 46 and a series of pins 67b extending from beam 45. When six legs are connected to form a module 10, the pins 67b from one assembly 40 are inserted into respective holes (not shown) in an adjacent assembly not shown. While shown in Figure 3 as one series of holes 67a and one series of pins 67b, it should be noted that a combination of pins and holes could exist on each beam so long as the mating connector was matched so that a pin would line up with a hole. Back wall 47 extends to a central connector 68 for attachment to a battery 69. Battery 69 is the central power source for module 10. While battery 69 is rechargeable, it is also easily replaceable should battery 69 become damaged in any way.

Turning now to Figure 4, numerous types of extendable beam structures may be used in each leg 25-30. For example, leg 30 includes mounting pins 63 for connecting leg 30 to housing 12 (shown in Figure 1). A power source, such as a battery 69 (not shown in Figure 2) may be utilized to move leg 30. In one embodiment, leg 30 includes a series of tubular members 70-73 that may be formed in a telescopic configuration. Of course, the tubular members 70-73 could be in the form of any type of hollow shape, such as a rectangular tube. A largest outer tube 70 includes mounting pins 63 at one end for connecting to housing 12, while a smallest inner tubular member 73 is connected to connecting plate 36. In use, only intermediate tube 71 would be moved in and out if the requirement to extend leg 30 is small and all the tubes 71-73 would be moved relative to one another if a full extension of leg 30 were required. In this manner, the strongest tubes 71 will be used most often and the smaller inner tubes 73 will be used least often.

In order to communicate between different modules, electrical and optical communications are provided between housing 12 and each connecting plate 31-36. For example, wires and optic fibers can be bundled into a cable 76 that may be extended or retracted as leg 30 is extended or retracted. To avoid having cable 76 pinched by sliding tubular members 70-73, cable 76 is protected by a pill type cable support 80. In this arrangement, innermost tubular member 73 of leg 30 is attached to connecting plate 36 at its outermost end and slidably mounted in the next largest tube 72. The next largest tube 71 is open at its outward end so as to receive tube 72. In a similar manner, several outer tubes of progressively larger size and analogous shape may be used, as demonstrated in Figure 2 by tubular members 70-73. At its inner side, the next largest tube 70 is closed off except for a small central hole 85 for allowing passage of the cable 76. Cable support 80 is provided in the opening of the innermost tube 73. As the tubes 71, 72, 73 are retracted, the openings in each tube engage cable support 80 which is fixed to the end of innermost tube 73, thus preventing pinching of cable 76. In essence, cable support 80 guides cable 76 through each opening.

In a preferred embodiment shown in Figure 5, the propulsion of the various tubes 71-73 is by a series of screw-nut actuators 89 driven by a series of motors 90 (only one of each shown). An inner set of motors 90 each drive a respective threaded shaft 92. A nut is formed to receive the shaft 92 so that when the shaft 92 rotates, tube 73 moves axially and thus the overall leg 30 extends. The nut may be a traditional, internally-thread member or may be formed from rotating gears 93. When gears 93 are present, they provide an override feature. In a traditional screw nut linear actuator, forcibly moving the linear threaded member will break the actuator. In the current design, when excessive force is placed on the threaded member 92, the gears 93 rotate, allowing compression of the overall leg 30. The force necessary to cause such an override situation may be adjusted as needed.

Several different additional types of linear actuators (not shown) may be used to extend and retract each leg. While a screw nut type of actuator is depicted in Figure 5, it is envisioned that an alternative actuator in the form of a series of magnets placed along the length of the tubes 71-73 may be used. Electromagnets placed among the series of magnets could be controlled by a computing mechanism each or a central processing unit (depicted in Figure 9). By selectively activating certain magnets, the amount of distance the tubes 71-73 move relative to one another is controlled. Any inexpensive and efficient power source can be utilized, such as battery 69 (depicted in Figure 9). Power is then transmitted from the actuator to leg 30 by a variety of mechanisms. A so- called "lazy tong" mechanism or folding lattice, such as that found in a child safety gate, may also be used. One end of a folding lattice may be attached to the pivoting base tube 70 of the leg 30 and the other end attached to the connecting plate 36. As the first set of scissor legs are brought together by the actuators mounted in the leg base tube 70, the entire lattice structure extends, thus extending the leg 30. This expanding lattice would be placed within the telescoping tubular members 70-73 described above. Another arrangement could include a series of cone shaped members having openings at each end. The cones would be placed in a nested configuration. The cones would include longitudinal openings, which allow a cable to be threaded through. As the cable is pulled taut, the cones are forced to extend. Telescoping tube 70-73, such as that discussed above, could be placed around the cones to provide additional stability. An electric actuator directly built into the telescoping tubes 71-73 could also be used.

The actuators for pivoting the legs 25-30 will have to be powerful to provide enough force to move the matrix. Also, they will have enough force to hold the legs 25-30 at a desired angle once the leg 25-30 has been pivoted. Preferably, a neutral position is also provided for the legs 25-30 so that they may pivot freely as necessary. A preferred mechanism for use as such an actuator is a high speed electric motor having a worm gear on its drive shaft. A brake is also provided to stop the motor. The worm gear is connected to a large gear connected to a small circular gear and a small gear drives a rack to provide for translational movement. As such motors and gears are well known in the art, they will not be discussed in detail here.

Turning now to Figure 6A, the connecting plates 31-36 may be of several designs to provide communication and power transfer between several modules 10. For example, connecting plate 36 is generally divided into a central area 100 and an outer area 105 that may rotate independently if desired. Central area 100 may be subdivided into four sectors 110-113, with each sector having a power connection 120 and a communications channel 125. The use of four sets of power connections 120 and communication channels 125 allows for redundancy so that if one channel fails the others may take over. With reference to Figure 4, cables 76 are connected to housing 12 at one end and connected to connecting plate 36 at the other end to provide communication between housing 12 and power connection 120 and communication channel 125. In the case of a fixed cable connection between cable 76 and connecting plate 36, the connecting plate 36 may only rotate a limited amount relative to its tubular support member 70 in order to prevent excess torque of cables 76. Of course, if cables 76 communicate with connecting plate 36 through electrical contact pin connections rather than through a fixed connection, the connecting plate 36 may rotate indefinitely. Connecting plate 36 includes plungers 126 and hooks 127 for providing a relatively long-term mechanical connection between connecting plates as discussed in more detail below in regard to Figures 7A-7C.

Figure 6B shows an alternative connection method in which connecting plate 36 is capable of connecting to other module connecting plates using either an electromagnet 130 or connecting clamps and pins 135 and 145, for long-term or short-term connections. Additionally, electromagnets 130 could be used to send and receive signals and to transfer power through coupled mutual inductance. In the case that electromagnets 130 transmit signals and power, then a communications region 140 and power conduits may be omitted from connecting surface 36. Although Figure 6B depicts the electromagnetic connection in conjunction with mechanical connecting pins 135, it is understood that the various mechanical connection methods can be used interchangeably with various communications methods.

The manner in which the plunger 126 and hook 127 mechanical connection of Figure 6A engages is depicted in Figures 7A-7C. As hooks 127, 127' are rotated into engagement, plungers 126, 126' retract due to the action of their cooperating sloped top faces 128, 128'. As hooks 127, 127' pass plungers 126, 126' plungers 126, 126' extend and engage the backs 147, 147' of hooks 127, 127' locking them in place. The connection can be broken by retracting the plungers 126, 126' and rotating connecting plate 36 in a reverse direction versus connecting plate 36'. Alternate connection mechanisms may also be used. In any case, a releasable strong connection is all that is desired. Connecting plate 36 may rotate relative to leg 30 by use of a motor. As with the pivoting connection of leg 30 described above, connecting plate 36 should be fixable at a certain position or be allowed to rotate freely as desired.

In operation, as shown in Figure 8, large groups of modules 10 are assembled together by j oining of their connecting plates 31 -36 as discussed above. Once a group of modules is joined into a matrix 150, several options are available as to how the modules will move relative to one another. For example, in 2-dimensional matrix 150, the central row 155 of modules may move as a group relative to the outer rows of 160, 165 modules. Central row 155 can then be used to push or pull levers or lift or lower things. If the group moves both in translation and in rotation, the group may act as a leg for overall matrix 150 and provide a way for overall matrix 150 to move. By extension, if various groups are moved and pivoted, an arm and hand (not shown) may be formed which will be able to manipulate objects so that they may be inserted or placed where desired. Additionally, numerous modules 10 may be added to the matrix 150 to increase its overall size.

In addition to moving groups of modules relative to one another, single modules 10 or groups of modules may change position relative to one another to change the overall shape of matrix 150. For example, as seen in Figure 8, a module A may move from being attached to a module B to being attached to a module C. This motion may be achieved by spinning module A as it moves from B to C. Module A can also move around a corner of matrix 150 by continuing its rotation and connecting another connecting plate of module C before proceeding down the side of matrix 150. In a similar manner, module A may move along a string of other modules.

One could imagine a building being built by millions of such modules climbing the side of a column and placing themselves at the top of the column to allow yet another layer of modules to climb the side of the column to place a next layer. If the weight of the column is slight, or in the case of a row of modules, a new module can simply replace the position of the first module in the column or row, thus shifting the row or column over one space. This movement achieves the same final configuration more quickly since all the modules are interchangeable.

Rotational motion can also be caused on a large scale. For example, a series of four internal modules D surrounded by a square of twelve modules (not separately labeled) can be used to create such a rotation. Note the modules 10 shown in Figure 8. The four internal modules D can walk around the inner surface of the outer square thus causing the internal modules D to rotate relative to the outer group. Larger groups of modules could achieve similar motion, wherein for example, a group of nine modules could rotate within a group of fourteen. With even larger groups, the inner groups could be shaped to approximate a circle and the outer groups could be shaped as a ring.

Simply extending or retracting the length of each leg in each module can also accomplish expansion and contraction of an overall matrix 150. Such motion is accomplished without the need for adding or subtracting modules to matrix 150 and may be done in an extremely quick manner. Likewise, if one wishes to expand matrix 150 in only one direction, only legs parallel to that direction would be extended. It is envisioned that numerous combinations or expanding and rotating of strategic parts of matrix 150 would give rise to extremely complicated motions in the overall matrix 150. The power systems of the matrix 150, as with all systems, begin with a single module 10. As shown in Figure 9, each module 10 preferably includes at least one battery 69 or other similar power source and at least one central processing unit 99. Wiring 170 is provided so that power source 69 may communicate with all six connecting plates and thus connect to every other module in the matrix 150. In a similar manner, the central processing unit 99 is also connected with wiring 171 to every connecting plate of the module 10, thus connecting the central processing unit 99 to every other processing unit in matrix 150. Each module can have a small amount of memory (e.g. 100 kilobytes). Alternatively, each set of legs in a module can contain its own small memory source. Every module is designed to have its own individual power supply; however, should one power supply fail, the module with a failed power supply may draw power from adjacent modules. Further, some modules may have their power source removed and still function using power from adjacent modules. Power may also be relayed through a series of modules. Such modules can also act as an electrical power transmission line. Although depicted in Figure 9 as off-center, preferably battery 69 is housed within a central portion of module 10 as will be discussed in more detail below.

Referring back to Figure 1 , communication between each housing starts with each housing identifying its orientation. There are two ways a module or set of legs can obtain an address: 1) explicitly, wherein the module or leg set stores an identification (ID) value or, 2) implicitly, wherein the collective matrix utilizes techniques such as an algorithm involving having each module relay a data packet and subtracting one from a destination counter. In a first example, the address is explicit and each module has a unique ID value. The value can be fixed and pre- assigned when the module is manufactured. An ID number can also be assigned to each set of legs ori a module. A portion of the memory , (whether in the core of the module or in the legs) can be used to store the ID number. The ID number can be absolute or relative. An algorithm can be used to extrapolate the address of a particular module using a combination of ID values from several modules in a matrix.

As discussed above, housing 12 can be represented as a cube having six sides. Each side is assigned a number. For example, each even number may be opposite the odd number that proceeds it. So, 2 is opposite 1; 4 is opposite 3 and 6 is opposite 5. Furthermore, the odd numbers are grouped around one corner, the even numbers are grouped around an opposite corner and the even numbers are arranged in an ascending order in a clockwise direction. So, for example, front face 20 may be assigned 1; left side face 21 may be assigned 2, etc. The arrangement of the numbers could also be that of standard left or right- handed dice in which opposite sides add up to seven. The numbers may be pre-assigned or may be assigned when two connecting assemblies 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700 are joined based on the pattern. As two connecting assemblies are engaged, their relative orientation can be used to determine which number is assigned to each side of each face of the module. Using a standardized or uniform pattern conserves system resources, as compared to, for example, having to utilize a random number generator for producing a new pattern every time assemblies band together to form a new module. In order to arrange a matrix 150, an implicit address method is utilized. Once matrix 150 is formed, the location of each module 10 is assigned an address or value. Instructions for a certain module can be sent to the address of the module. Indeed if a module fails, it can be replaced and the new module can take the failed module's position and address, thus causing minimal disruption by the replacement. The location of each module can be stored as a binary number. For simplicity sake, a three bit number will be used as an example. It should be understood that much larger numbers may be used for large matrixes. The addresses may be pre-assigned and stored in memory or they may be assigned by an algorithm.

Once the addresses are assigned, there are a number of ways that data may be transmitted. In a linear array, a packet of data may include the final address assigned to a counter and subtract one from the counter as it travels to each module. When the packet's counter value equals zero, the packet has arrived at its destination location. For example, a data packet could have a destination address of 011. Since the counter value is not 0, the data packet will move on, subtracting one from the counter, thus having a new counter value of 010. This process is repeated until the data packet has arrived at its destination which is determined by the counter value equaling zero. This system is particularly advantageous in that each module does not need to know its own address. For larger groups, the matrix can be divided into sets of eight with each set being labeled. If data wanted to go to the 3^rd module in the 5^th set, an address 5- 011 or 101011 in binary could be used and assigned to the counter. In a two-dimensional array, the address would be given in both directions such that each address would have a six-digit binary-number for each direction. Likewise, in a three-dimensional matrix, three six- digit binary-numbers would be used for a cube having up to 262, 144 modules. Of course, in two and three-dimensional matrixes, finding the quickest path to a destination module becomes important. In a two- dimensional array, directions can be added to the data packets so that it knows not only the final destination but also a particular path to travel. For example, value 000 could mean "stop," 010 could mean up, 011 could mean down and 100 could mean left, etc. Such directions could be relative to the data packet's direction of travel or could be absolute compared to the overall matrix orientation. The shortest path can be calculated using optimization algorithms and then transferred to the data packet. In the case of larger and larger matrixes, the larger address identifying designators may be used.

Figures 10-14 will now be referenced for the manner in which connecting assemblies 200, 400, 500, 600 and 700 with respective legs 25, 27, 28, 29, and 30 can detachably couple to one another such that they each communicate with battery 69. In order to aid in the understanding of the present invention, it should be understood that corresponding numbers are used for like parts on each of the connecting assemblies 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 and 700. For example, connecting assembly 200 has a back wall 247, while connecting assembly 300 has a back wall 347, connecting assembly 400 has a back wall 447, etc. Turning now to Figure 10, there is illustrated an exploded view of leg 25 and its associated connecting assembly 200. A typical leg, such as leg 25, may pivot in any direction relative to housing 12 (shown in Figure 1) due to connecting assembly 200. A rectangular frame 241 is mounted securely in connecting assembly 200. Frame 241 includes four beams 243-246 and back wall 247 which define the boundaries of a centrally located recess 249. Oppositely located beams 244 and 246 have mounting holes 250 (only one shown) located symmetrically opposite one another. Back wall 247 and frame 241 form recess 249 in which a pivoting assembly 251 is mounted for rotation about a first axis 252.

Pivoting assembly 251 includes a rectangular housing 254 formed of four beams 255-258. Two of the beams 256, 257 have outwardly extending pins 259, 260 that generally cooperate with mounting holes 250 in frame 241 to allow for the pivoting motion of pivoting assembly 251. Any sort of bearing may be used to reduce friction in this pivoting connection. The remaining two beams 255, 258 of pivoting assembly 251 include mounting holes 261 (only one shown). An end 262 of leg 25 has outwardly extending mounting pins 263 (only one shown) that generally cooperate with mounting holes 261 in pivoting assembly 251. Once again, any type of anti-friction bearing may be used, as may different types of pivoting connections. For example, a rod could be mounted in housing 254 and extend from one beam 255 to another 258 through leg 25 to form the pivoting connection. If leg 25 is restricted to pivot about only one axis, then adjacent legs of module 10 should be set up to pivot about axes that are at right angles to one another so as to avoid interference with the other pivoting legs. As seen in Figure 1, with specific reference to a leg 28, one end 562 of leg 28 is attached to housing 12 via connecting assembly 500 as discussed above in regards to leg 25. The other end 565 of leg 28 is attached to connecting plate 34. Legs 25-30 may be free standing or may be reinforced by tension cables 566, seen in Figure 1, as extending from housing 12 to the edge of connecting plate 34 of leg 28. Cables 566 may be reeled in and out as necessary when leg 28 is extended, retracted or pivoted. When utilized, cables 566 give the legs 25-30 a more rigid and stable support. The legs 25-30 themselves may be extended and retracted as desired by the use of extendable housing and motive systems.

Turning now to Figure 11, the connecting parts of a module 10' are shown. As depicted, leg 25 is pivotally mounted within its associated connecting assembly 200, leg 28 is pivotally mounted within its associated connecting assembly 500 and leg 30 is pivotally mounted within its associated connecting assembly 700. Just as connecting assembly 200 includes beams 243, 244, 245 and 246, so connecting assembly 500 includes beams 543, 544, 545 and 546 and connecting assembly 700 includes beams 743, 744, 745 and 746. A series of holes 267a is formed in each of opposite beams 246 and 244; just as a series of holes 567a is formed in each of opposite beams 544 and 546 and a series of holes 767a is formed in each of opposite beams 744 and 746. Additionally, a series of pins 267b extends from each of respective beams 245 and 243; just as a series of pins 567b extends from each of respective beams 545 and 543, and a series of pins 767b extends from each of respective beams 745 and 743. To connect assemblies 200, 500 and 700, a set of pins 567b are inserted into a set of holes 767a, a set of pins 267b are inserted into a set of holes 567a, and a set of pins 767b are inserted into a set of holes 267a. The remaining pins and holes can be used to attach the remaining connecting assemblies 300, 400, and 600 (not shown in Figure 11), thereby forming housing 12 depicted in Figure 1. While the connection shown in Figure 11 utilizes a series of four holes and a series of four pins, it should be noted that any combination of pins and holes could exist on each beam so long as the mating connector was matched so that each pin lines up with a hole.

Each connecting assembly 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, and 700 has an associated back wall 247, 347, 447, 547, 647, and 747. In a preferred embodiment, this back wall is in the form of a truncated pyramid. See Figures 10-14. Turning now to Figure 12, connecting assembly 400 is shown coupled to connecting assembly 700. As previously discussed with respect to connecting assemblies 200, 500 and 700, connecting assembly 400 includes four beam members 443-446 and associated pins 467b and holes 467a. Further, back wall 447 of assembly 400 includes four angled faces 480 and a top portion or central connector 468. Likewise, back wall 747 of assembly 700 comprises four angled faces 780 and a top portion or central connector 768. As shown, when assembly 700 is coupled to assembly 400, an angled face 480 abuts an angled face 780 such that central connectors 468 and 768 form a right angle with respect to one another. A cubic battery 69 can fit into the right angle formed by central connectors 468 and 768, such that a face of the cubic battery 69 abuts each of central connectors 468 and 768. Turning now to Figure 13, four sides or connecting assemblies 300, 500, 600, and 700, of a cubic module 10 are shown. As previously discussed with reference to connecting assemblies 200, 400, 500 and 700, connecting assemblies 300 and 600 each include four beams, of which 346, 546, 645 and 745 are shown. Additionally, it should be noted that connecting assemblies 300, 500 and 600 each include a back wall 347, 547 and 647 with respective angled faces 380, 580, 680.

As should be readily apparent from Figure 13, when assemblies 300, 500, 600 and 700 are connected, their respective angled faces 380, 580, 680, 780 abut one another, and their respective back walls 347, 547, 647 and 747 form the boundaries of a square opening or battery housing generally indicated at 800 in which a cubic container 900 may be held. Although container 900 can be in the form of an electrical power cell or battery 69, it could also be a reservoir for another type of fuel, or can house electronics, sensors or mechanical devices.

When assemblies 300, 500, 600 and 700 are connected, a side 901 of container 900 abuts central connector 568, a side 902 abuts central connector 668, a side 903 abuts central connector 368 and a side 904 abuts central connector 768. Although not shown, it is understood that when the remaining connecting assemblies 200 and 400 are attached to the connecting assemblies 300, 500, 600 and 700, shown in Figure 13, the remaining sides of container 900 will abut the central connectors of connecting assemblies 200 and 400. Battery 69 is the central power source for module 10. While battery 69 is rechargeable, it is also easily replaceable should battery 69 become damaged in any way. The shape of battery 69, along with the manner in which each of connecting assemblies 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 and 700 can communicate with battery 69 when assembled together in housing 12, allows six legs 25-30 and their associated connecting plates 31-36 to be powered by one battery 69. As previously discussed with regards to Figure 9, wiring 170 is provided so that power source 69 may connect to all six connecting plates 31-36 of a module 10, and thus connect to every other module in a matrix 150. This arrangement allows battery 69 in a module 10 to be recharged through the communication of its associated connecting plates 31-36 with another module in matrix 150 and its associated connecting plates 31-36. This configuration also allows for easy replacement of battery 69.

The manner in which a container or battery 69' in a module 10 can be replaced by a new container or battery 69" will now be discussed with reference to Figures 14A-14C. A first module 1000 includes first, second, third and fourth connecting assemblies 1010, 1020, 1030, and 1040, and first, second, third and fourth legs 1050, 1060, 1070, and 1080. Likewise, a second module 2000 includes first, second, third and fourth connecting assemblies 2010, 2020, 2030, and 2040 and first, second, third and fourth legs 2050, 2060, 2070, and 2080; a third module 3000 includes first, second, third and fourth connecting assemblies 3010, 3020, 3030, and 3040 and first, second, third and fourth legs 3050, 3060, 3070, and 3080; and a fourth module 4000 includes first, second, third and fourth connecting assemblies 4010, 4020, 4030, and 4040 and first, second, third and fourth legs 4050, 4060, 4070, and 4080. For simplification, the modules in Figures 14A-14C are shown as each having four connecting assemblies and four legs. Of course, each of the modules can include six connecting assemblies and six legs, but need only include those connecting assemblies and legs necessary for the particular task to be conducted by the matrix 150'. As depicted in Figure 14A, the first, second, third and fourth modules 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 are detachably coupled to one another to form matrix 150' which is supported by third and fourth modules 3000 and 4000 upon a support surface 5000. A power cell module 69' to be replaced is located in fourth module 4000. Initially, connecting assembly 4010 attaches itself to battery 69', such as through a central connector as previously discussed. Next, as depicted in Figure 14B, connecting assembly 4010 detaches itself from the remainder of fourth module 4000 and is lifted, via the connection between leg 1070 and leg 4050, away from the remainder of fourth module 4000 by the pivotal movement of legs 1060 and 2080. This movement in turn lifts battery 69' away from the remainder of fourth module 4000. For details of the leg pivoting and extending mechanisms, see the previous discussion of Figure 10. By extending, retracting, and pivoting legs 1050, 1060, 2050 and 2080, matrix 150' can position the various legs 1050, 1060, 2050 and 2080 such that they can connect and disconnect with one another, thereby "walking" first module 1000 around second module 2000. The result of this movement can be seen in Figure 14C, where first module 1000 is now positioned to the side of second module 2000 with its leg 1080 connected to leg 2060. In this position, one of legs 1070 or 4050 can be extended, thereby lowering battery 69' to support surface 5000. Next, connecting assembly 4010 can be disconnected from battery 69' and positioned over a new battery 69" via extension of one or both of legs 1080 or 2060. Connecting assembly 4010 can then be lowered until it can attach to battery 69". At this point the previous cycle can be reversed so that connecting assembly 4010 and battery 69" are "walked" back around second module 2000 and battery 69" is lowered into the remainder of fourth module 4000. Once battery 69" is in place, connecting assembly 4010 can reattach itself to the remainder of fourth module 4000. The end result is a matrix 150' having the same configuration as that seen in Figure 14A, but with a new battery 69"in place of battery 69'. Of course Figures 14A-14C only depict one of the many ways a matrix of modules can cooperate to change a battery and are shown only for demonstrative purposes. The scope of the invention should not be seen as limited to the particular steps outlined above.

Although described with reference to preferred embodiments of the invention, it should be readily understood that various changes and/or modifications can be made to the invention without departing from the spirit thereof. In general, the invention is only intended to be limited by the scope of the following claims.

Claims

I/WE CLAIM:

1. A modular unit comprising: a central housing; a power storage unit mounted in the housing; a drive motor mounted in the housing and connected to the power storage unit; a computing mechanism mounted in the housing for controlling the drive motor; a leg having a first end and a second end, the first end being pivotally attached to the housing; a connecting plate attached to the second end of the leg; and an electronic communication system for transmitting signals between the computing mechanism and the connecting plate through the housing and the leg.

2. The modular unit of claim 1, wherein the leg includes: a first tubular member having a hollow main body portion formed along a longitudinal axis with an opening situated at one longitudinal end of the main body portion; a second tubular member slidably received through the opening of the first tubular member; and an abutment for limiting sliding movement of the second tubular member within the main body portion of the first tubular member.

3. The modular unit of claim 2 wherein the leg further includes: a cable threaded through the first and second tubular members; and a cable support attached to the second tubular member and adapted to prevent pinching of the cable.

4. The modular unit of claim 1 , further comprising: a tensioning cable having first and second ends, the cable being connected at the first end to the housing and at the second end to the connecting plate.

5. The modular unit of claim 1, wherein the connecting plate includes a central area, an outer area, adapted to rotate independently of the central area.

6. The modular unit of claim 5, wherein the connecting plate further includes at least one power connection located in one of either the central area or the outer area.

7. The modular unit of claim 5, wherein the connecting plate further includes at least one communication channel located in one of either the central area or the outer area.

8. The modular unit of claim 5, wherein the connecting plate further includes at least one mechanical connector located in one of either the central area or the outer area.

9. The modular unit of claim 1, wherein the connecting plate further includes: a short-term connection element located at a first connection region; and a long-term connection element located at a second connection region.

10. The modular unit of claim 9, wherein the short-term connection element is an electromagnet.

11. The modular unit of claim 10, wherein the electromagnet is adapted to communicate signals and transfer power to additional modular units.

12. The modular unit of claim 1 , wherein the connecting plate has a substantially planar surface.

13. A matrix formed of multiple modular units comprising: a first modular unit including: a central housing; a power storage unit; a drive motor mounted in the housing and connected to the power storage unit; a first computing mechanism mounted in the housing for controlling the drive motor, a first leg having a first end and a second end, the first end being pivotably attached to the housing; a connecting plate attached to the second end of the first leg; and an electronic communication system for transmitting signals between the computing mechanism and the connecting plate through the housing and first end of the first leg; and a second modular unit including: a second central housing; a second drive motor mounted in the second housing and connected to the power storage unit; a second computing mechanism mounted in the second housing for controlling the second drive motor; a second leg having a first end and a second end, the first end being pivotally attached to the housing; a second connecting plate attached to the second end of the second leg; and a second communication system for transmitting signals between the second computing mechanism and the second connecting plate through the second housing and the second leg wherein the connecting plate of the first module connects to the second connecting plate of the second module.

14. A method of changing a shape of a plurality of modular units, each modular unit including: a central housing; a power storage unit mounted in the housing; a drive motor mounted in the housing and connected to the power storage unit; a computing mechanism mounted in the housing for controlling the drive motor; a leg having a first end and a second end, the first end being pivotably attached to the housing; a connecting plate attached to the second end of the leg; a communication system for transmitting signals between the computing mechanism and the connecting plate through the housing and the leg, the method comprising the steps of: assembling the plurality of modular units into a matrix by linking respective ones of the connecting plates of the modular units together to establish a first shape; creating subgroups of modular units; and moving the subgroups of the modular units to establish a second shape.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the step of moving subgroups of the modular units includes pivoting legs of at least one of the modular units.

16. The method of claim 14, further comprising: the step of sequentially disconnecting and reconnecting the respective connection surfaces of a modular unit from the connection plates of other modular units in the matrix to move the modular units.

17. The method of claim 14, further comprising: the step of creating rotating motion in the matrix by forming inner and outer groups of modular units and having the inner modular units move relative to the outer modular units.

18. The method of claim 14, further comprising: the step of forming geometric shapes from the matrix of modular units.

19. The method of claim 14, further comprising: the step of communicating between the different modular units via the communication system.

20. The method of claim 14, further comprising: the step of supporting at least a portion of the matrix by using some of the connecting plates as feet.

21. A self structuring and computing system comprising: a first module including; a first connecting assembly having a back wall and a central connector; a second connecting assembly having a back wall and a central connector, the second connecting assembly detachably coupled to said first connecting assembly; a third connecting assembly having a back wall and a central connector, the third connecting assembly detachably coupled to said first and second connecting assemblies; a housing defined at least in part by the back walls of the first, second and third connecting assemblies; and a container within the housing having a first, a second, and a third face, each of the central connectors abutting one of the first, second, and third faces of the housing.

22. The self structuring and computing system according to claim 21 , wherein the container is a power source.

23. The self structuring and computing system according to claim 21 , wherein the container is removable.

24. The self structuring and computing system according to claim 21 , further comprising; a computing mechanism.

25. The self structuring and computing system according to claim 21, further comprising: a first set of pins extending from the first connecting assembly; a second set of pins extending from the first connecting assembly; a first set of holes formed in the first connecting assembly; a second set of holes formed in the first connecting assembly; a first set of pins extending from the second connecting assembly; a second set of pins extending from the second connecting assembly; a first set of holes formed in the second connecting assembly, the first set of pins extending from the first connecting assembly detachably coupled thereto; a second set of holes formed in the second connecting assembly; a first set of pins extending from the third connecting assembly detachably coupled to the first set of holes formed in the first connecting assembly; a second set of pins extending from the third connecting assembly; a first set of holes formed in the third connecting assembly, the first set of pins extending from the second connecting assembly detachably coupled thereto; and a second set of holes formed in the third connecting assembly.

26. The self structuring and computing system according to claim 21 , further comprising: a fourth face on the container; and an additional connecting assembly including: a back wall with a central connector abutting the fourth face of the container, the back wall further defining the housing; a first set of pins extending from the additional connecting assembly; a second set of pins extending from the additional connecting assembly; a first set of holes formed in the additional connecting assembly; and a second set of holes formed in the additional connecting assembly; whereby one of the first and second sets of pins extending from the additional connecting assembly is detachably coupled to one of the first and second sets of holes formed in one of the first, second and third connecting assemblies, and one of the first and second sets of holes formed in the additional connecting assembly is detachably coupled to one of the first and second sets of pins extending from one of the first, second and third connecting assemblies.

27. The self structuring and computing system according to claim 21 , further comprising: a first leg having a first end and a second end, said first end being pivotally connected to the first connecting assembly; a second leg having a first end and a second end, said first end being pivotally connected to the second connecting assembly; and a third leg having a first end and a second end, the first end being pivotally connected to the third connecting assembly.

28. The self structuring and computing system according to claim 27, further comprising: a first connecting plate attached to the second end of said first leg; a second connecting plate attached to the second end of said second leg; a third connecting plate attached to the second end of said third leg; a first communications system adapted to transmit power between the first connecting plate and the container; a second communications system adapted to transmit power between said second connecting plate and the container; and a third communications system adapted to transmit power between said third connecting plate and the container.

29. The self structuring and computing system of claim 28, further comprising: a second module including; a first connecting assembly having a back wall and a central connector; a second connecting assembly having a back wall and a central connector, the second connecting assembly detachably coupled to said first connecting assembly; a third connecting assembly having a back wall and a central connector, the third connecting assembly detachably coupled to . said first and second connecting assemblies; a housing defined at least in part by the back walls of the first, second and third connecting assemblies; a container within the housing having a first, a second, and a third face, each of the central connectors abutting one of the first, second, and third faces of the housing; a first leg having a first end and a second end, the first end being pivotally connected to the first connecting assembly and the second end having a first connecting plate attached thereto, the first connecting plate detachably coupled to the first connecting plate of the first module; a second leg having a first end and a second end, the first end being pivotally connected to the second connecting assembly and the second end having a second connecting plate attached thereto; a third leg having a first end and a second end, the first end being pivotally connected to the third connecting assembly and the second end having a third connecting plate attached thereto; a first communications system adapted to transmit power between the first connecting plate and the container, and between the first connecting plate and the first connecting plate of the first module; a second communications system adapted to transmit power between said second connecting plate and the container; and a third communications system adapted to transmit power between said third connecting plate and the container.

30. The self structuring and computing system according to claim 21 , further comprising: a fourth connecting assembly having a back wall that further defines the housing and a central connector, the fourth connecting assembly detachably coupled to the first and third connecting assemblies; a fifth connecting assembly having a back wall and a central connector, the fifth connecting assembly detachably connected to the first and second connecting assemblies; a sixth connecting assembly having a back wall and a central connector, the sixth connecting assembly detachably connected to the second, third, fourth and fifth connecting assemblies; and the container further comprising a fourth, a fifth, and a sixth face, each of the fourth, fifth and sixth faces abutting one of the central connectors of the fourth, fifth and sixth connecting assemblies.

31. The module according to claim 30, further comprising: a fourth leg having a first end and a second end, said first end being pivotally connected to said fourth connecting assembly; a fifth leg having a first end and a second end, said first end being pivotally connected to said fifth connecting assembly; and a sixth leg having a first end and a second end, said first end being pivotally connected to said sixth connecting assembly.

32. The module according to claim 30, further comprising: a fourth connecting plate attached to the second end of said fourth leg; a fifth connecting plate attached to the second end of said fifth leg; and a sixth connecting plate attached to the second end of said sixth leg; whereby each of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth connecting plates is adapted to attach to another of the first, second third, fourth, fifth, and sixth connecting plates.

33. A method of exchanging a power source within a self structuring and computing system, the method comprising; providing a first module including; first, second, third and fourth connecting assemblies detachably coupled so as to define, at least in part, a housing; a first leg pivotally attached to the second connecting assembly and having a connecting plate; a second leg pivotally attached to the third connecting assembly and having a connecting plate; providing a second module including; first, second, third and fourth connecting assemblies detachably coupled so as to define, at least in part, a housing; a first leg pivotally attached to the fourth connecting assembly and having a connecting plate; a second leg pivotally attached to the second connecting assembly and having a connecting plate; providing a third module including; first, second, third and fourth connecting assemblies detachably coupled so as to define, at least in part, a housing; a first leg pivotally attached to the first connecting assembly and having a connecting plate; a second leg pivotally attached to the fourth connecting assembly and having a connecting plate; providing a fourth module including; first, second, third and fourth connecting assemblies detachably coupled so as to define, at least in part, a housing in which a container is stored; a first leg pivotally attached to the first connecting assembly and having a connecting plate; a second leg pivotally attached to the second connecting assembly and having a connecting plate; coupling the connecting plate of the first leg of the first module with the connecting plate of the first leg of the second module; coupling the connecting plate of the first leg of the third module with the second leg of the second module; coupling the connecting plate of the second leg of the third module with the connecting plate of the second leg of the fourth module; coupling the connecting plate of the first leg of the fourth module with the connecting plate of the second leg of the first module; coupling the first connecting assembly of the fourth module to the container of the fourth module; detaching the first connecting assembly of the fourth module from the fourth module; pivoting the first leg of the first module and the first leg of the second module such that the first connecting assembly of the fourth module is moved away from the second, third and fourth connecting assemblies of the fourth module and the container is removed from the housing of the fourth module; detaching the container from the first connecting assembly of the fourth module; attaching a new container to the first connecting assembly of the fourth module; pivoting the first leg of the first module and the first leg of the second module such that the first connecting assembly of the fourth module is moved toward the second, third and fourth connecting assemblies of the fourth module and the new container is moved into the housing of the fourth module; and coupling the first connecting assembly of the fourth module to the fourth module such that the first, second, third and fourth connecting assemblies are coupled about the power source.

34. The method of claim 33, wherein the container comprises a power source.

35. A method of replacing a container of a first module, including first and second connecting assemblies, within a self-structuring and computing system, the method comprising: coupling the first connecting assembly to the container; attaching the first connecting assembly to a second module; detaching the first connecting assembly from the first module; moving the second module away from the first module so that the container is removed from the first module; moving the second module relative to the first module so as to place the container on a surface; detaching the container from the first connecting assembly; moving the first connecting assembly away from the container towards a replacement container; attaching the first connecting assembly to the replacement container; and reattaching the first connecting assembly to the first module so that the replacement container is located within the first module.

36. The method of claim 35, wherein the container comprises a power source.