WO2006026563A2 - Baby head sleeping support system for car seat - Google Patents

Baby head sleeping support system for car seat Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2006026563A2
WO2006026563A2 PCT/US2005/030701 US2005030701W WO2006026563A2 WO 2006026563 A2 WO2006026563 A2 WO 2006026563A2 US 2005030701 W US2005030701 W US 2005030701W WO 2006026563 A2 WO2006026563 A2 WO 2006026563A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
head
car seat
child
support
fasteners
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2005/030701
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2006026563A3 (en
Inventor
William H. Funke, Iii
Heidi N. Funke
Original Assignee
Funke William H Iii
Funke Heidi N
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Funke William H Iii, Funke Heidi N filed Critical Funke William H Iii
Publication of WO2006026563A2 publication Critical patent/WO2006026563A2/en
Publication of WO2006026563A3 publication Critical patent/WO2006026563A3/en

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60NSEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/24Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles
    • B60N2/26Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles for children
    • B60N2/28Seats readily mountable on, and dismountable from, existing seats or other parts of the vehicle
    • B60N2/2851Seats readily mountable on, and dismountable from, existing seats or other parts of the vehicle provided with head-rests
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47CCHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
    • A47C7/00Parts, details, or accessories of chairs or stools
    • A47C7/36Support for the head or the back
    • A47C7/38Support for the head or the back for the head
    • A47C7/383Detachable or loose head- or neck-supports, e.g. horse-shoe shaped
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60NSEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/80Head-rests
    • B60N2/882Head-rests detachable

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of child car seats, strollers, booster seats,
  • the head support is especially adaptable for use by persons who are traveling for long distances and desire to relax and
  • the '103 patent teaches an apparatus intended for an adult seat. No disclosure is
  • US Patent 2,582,571 to Thoma discloses a headrest comprising a pair of cushions which are arranged in spaced-apart relation with one another for the reception of a
  • the cushions are mounted on a band that is designed to encircle the back of a seat in a bus, train, or the like.
  • the band may be adjusted with
  • the '571 patent teaches an apparatus intended for an adult
  • the '571 patent does not comprise a child car seat head support having a soft cotton head pad that is tubular in design, wherein a support band is inserted through
  • the head pad and is attached to the car seat by two hook and loop type fastener strips,
  • US Patent 2,726,714 to McAndrews discloses an infant restraining means for automobile use.
  • the '714 patent comprises a strap which fits around the back of an
  • the '714 patent does not teach an apparatus that is used with a
  • the '714 patent does not comprise a child car seat head support having a soft cotton head pad that is tubular in design, wherein
  • a support band is inserted through the head pad and is attached to the car seat by two
  • hook and loop type fastener strips such that the support strap covers the child's forehead.
  • plastic body by which an infant can be supported either in a relatively fixed supine position or in a suspended upright position for the making of an X-ray or other treatment
  • the '885 patent does not disclose an apparatus that can be used with a
  • the '885 patent does not comprise a child car seat head support having a soft cotton head pad that
  • a support band is inserted through the head pad and is attached to the car seat by two hook and loop type fastener strips.
  • the support is of the type of an inflatable
  • head straps Fixedly secured to the sides of the head portion are head straps
  • the '861 patent does not disclose an apparatus that is used with a modern forward-facing child car seat during
  • the '861 patent does not comprise a child car seat head
  • US Patent 4,339,151 to Riggs discloses a head restraint for supporting the user's head while seated in a chair.
  • the head restraint comprises a strap adapted to be wrapped
  • the head restraint is preferably made of paper and is readily
  • the '151 patent does not disclose an apparatus that is used with a modern forward-facing child car seat during vehicle operation. Furthermore, the '151
  • patent does not comprise a child car seat head support having a soft cotton head pad that is tubular in design, wherein a durable support band is inserted through the head pad and
  • the device comprises a rigid U-shaped restraining member which surrounds
  • the device disclosed by the '885 patent is bulky in size and is not
  • the head restraint is not flexible and does not tightly secure the child's head, since the apparatus in the '885 patent is designed to be installed such that a gap exists between the child's head and the
  • the '885 patent does not comprise a child car seat head support having a
  • a chair having a headrest, and which includes a first band adapted to be fitted in adjustably
  • a band retention structure associated with the band for retaining the band in said wrapped
  • a head restraint structure coupled to the band and adapted to be coupled to the headrest for restraining the user's head against lateral side-to-side movement relative
  • patent does not comprise a child car seat head support having a soft cotton head pad that is tubular in design, wherein an elastic support band is inserted through the head pad and
  • US Patent 5,076,264 to Lonardo et al. discloses a medical appliance, having a
  • the appliance includes a seat
  • the '264 patent teaches a medical appliance and is not an apparatus that can be used with a modern forward-facing child car seat during vehicle
  • the '264 patent does not comprise a child car seat head support
  • US Patent 5,360,393 to Garth et al. discloses a dual adhesive strap which is designed to lay across and adhere to the patient's forehead and have each of its ends
  • the strap has
  • a bottom side comprising a central region which comprises skin contact adhesive flanked
  • the '393 patent does not comprise a
  • child car seat head support having a soft cotton head pad that is tubular in design, wherein
  • a support band is inserted through the head pad and is attached to the car seat by two
  • hook and loop type fastener strips such that the cotton head pad rests on the child's
  • the strap contains a plurality of inflatable balloons having generally flat rear surfaces and expandable frontal surfaces, whereby upon inflation the generally
  • the '393 patent does not comprise a child car seat
  • head support having a soft cotton head pad that is tubular in design, wherein a support
  • a headband is attached to a frame on the wheelchair seat back by adjustable cords.
  • the head band progressively lifts the patient's head to a more and more upright position.
  • the length of the cords is adjusted by
  • the '158 and '854 patents do not comprise a child car seat head support having a soft cotton head pad that is tubular in design, wherein
  • a support band is inserted through the head pad and is attached to the car seat by two hook and loop type fastener strips.
  • US Patent 6,209,959 to Meye discloses a headrest to be used in vehicles and provided with fastening means for a headband to be positioned around the head of a
  • the fastening means comprise a ring suitable for the headband to be passed through.
  • the fastening means comprise a band attached in the
  • the '959 patent teaches a headrest for use with an adult seat and not with a modem forward-facing child car seat.
  • the '959 patent does not comprise a child car seat head support having a soft
  • head pad and is attached to the car seat by two hook and loop type fastener strips.
  • the seat and/or chair being used may include a
  • the '825 patent discloses a harness comprised from a band of a two strap
  • assembly arrangement with highly adhesive contact surfaces which may be a hook and loop mechanism, whereby the two lengths of strap are contacted to form one length only.
  • the seat harness and the head harness are preferably made of non-resilient material such as
  • the '825 patent does not disclose a head support having an
  • elastic support band is easy to secure about the child's forehead, and is comfortable for
  • the head support assembly includes a headpiece and an attachment cord attached to the headpiece which is adapted to be attached to a
  • the attachment cord and headpiece provide resilient support for an individual's head to facilitate the care of the individual.
  • the '716 patent teaches a medical appliance
  • the '716 patent does not comprise a child car seat head support having a soft cotton head pad that is tubular in design, wherein a support band is
  • the head restraint has a headband
  • An anchor band is secured around the headrest portion of the seat.
  • a right-hand securement strap is affixed between
  • US Patent Des. 339,428 to Swinea et al. discloses an ornamental design for a head
  • the '428 patent does not comprise a child car seat head support having a soft cotton head pad that is tubular in design, wherein a single support band is inserted
  • a baby head sleeping support system comprising an apparatus having a padded strap that is attached to both sides of the car
  • a baby head sleeping support system wherein the padded strap has a circular configuration that facilitates its operation with a wide variety of car seats.
  • the baby head sleeping support system of the present invention is a vehicle's child car seat.
  • car seat comprising (i) an elastic, one-piece support band having a first end and a second
  • the head pad being tubular in design to allow the support band to pass through it; and (iii) two sets of fasteners, the fasteners being placed on either side of the car seat and
  • sleeping support system for a child car seat, comprising (i) an elastic, one-piece support band having a first end and a second end; (ii) a soft head pad that rests against the child's
  • the head pad being tubular in design to allow
  • each end is folded onto itself, creating a removable attachment of each
  • a first end of the support band is removably attached to the tension strap's first end and asecond end of the support band is removably attached to the tension strap's
  • thecircular strap is readily placed over the car seat and tightened against
  • the child's head is supported in an upright position against the back of the car seat,.
  • the present invention solves the problems associated with the lack of support of a
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view depicting the baby head sleeping support system while
  • Fig. 2 is a perspective view depicting the respective parts of an alternative
  • the baby head sleeping support system of the current invention comprises an apparatus having a padded strap that is attached to both sides of the car seat with two
  • fasteners preferably hook and loop type, and alternately is attached to two rotating discs.
  • the system maintains a baby's head in a comfortable, upright position while sleeping in a
  • the head support system comprises a support band, which is preferably held in
  • the support means holds in place a soft pad, which rests against the child's forehead.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a perspective view of the head support system.
  • the system comprises an elastic, one-piece support band 11 having a soft head pad 12
  • the head pad 12 is tubular in design to allow the support band 11 to pass through it; and the support band 11 is held in place by two hook and loop type fastener strips 13 placed on either side of the car seat.
  • the head pad 12 is
  • the hook and loop type fastener strips 13 are positioned on both sides of the car
  • the hook and loop type fastener strips are attached to both sides of the car seat with industrial strength glue, suitable for this type of application.
  • the head pad 12 is made from a cotton-based material; or cotton-blend material.
  • the head pad preferably has a length in the range of 5 - 20 inches and has a diameter in
  • the head pad has a length in the range of 10 - 15 inches and has a diameter in the range of 2 - 4 inches. Most preferably, the head pad
  • the head pad 12 is 12 inches long and has a 2.5 inches diameter.
  • the head pad 12 is tubular in design to
  • the support band 11 is made from an elastic material.
  • preferably has a length in the range of 10 - 40 inches and has a width in the range of 0.5 -
  • the support band has a length in the range of 20 - 30 inches and has a width in the range of 1 - 4 inches. Most preferably, the support band is 28 inches long and 1.5 inches wide.
  • One side of a hook and loop type fastener is preferably
  • loop fasteners has a length in the range of 5 - 10 inches and a width in the range of
  • each of these sides of hook and loop type fastener is 7
  • car seat respectively, preferably has a length in the range of 3 - 10 inches and a width in
  • each strip of hook and loop type fastener which is attached to the two sides of the car seat, respectively, has a length in the range of
  • each strip of hook is 4 - 8 inches and a width in the range of 1 - 4 inches.
  • each strip of hook is 4 - 8 inches and a width in the range of 1 - 4 inches.
  • the support band 11 attaches at both of its ends to the
  • hook and loop type fastener portions 13 located on the car seat and runs across the front
  • the head support system allows the child to sleep comfortably when riding in a
  • the head support band 11 keeps the child's head in an upright position against the back of the child's car seat while riding in a vehicle.
  • the head support system provides for continual
  • sort of activity may have to be repeated several times.
  • the head support system can be detached from the car seat when not in use by
  • two rotating discs are located at either side of the
  • the support band 11 is attached to the two rotating discs at either side of
  • the car seat with the hook and loop type fastener Since the rotating discs include a hook
  • the support strap may be adjusted for a variety of different sized
  • the tension of the support strap may also be adjusted by repositioning the
  • the support band 11 may be moved to the top of the car seat when the apparatus is not in use.
  • the support band 11 is then positioned around the child's forehead when the child falls asleep by rotating the discs in the appropriate direction.
  • the head support system of the present invention is comfortable for the child. It
  • the head support system can be manufactured at a reasonable cost and
  • the present invention can be sold as a kit which comprises the support band 11, the head pad 12, and the two hook and loop type fasteners 13.
  • the kit includes instructions for using the head support system that comprise the
  • fasteners wherein the fasteners are located on first side of the car seat and at the first end
  • fasteners are located on second side of the car seat and at the second end of
  • the baby head sleeping support in another embodiment of the present invention, the baby head sleeping support
  • system comprises a unit that is adaptable to fit various car seats, carriages, booster seats,
  • the circular strap is held in position by
  • the circular strap is assembled from a
  • Fig. 2 illustrates this embodiment of the invention.
  • the support band 11a has two ends
  • rings, 14a and 14b attached at each of its ends, respectively.
  • the rings, 14a and 14b are
  • each end of the support band 11a preferably attached at each end of the support band 11a by having the outermost portion of each of the two ends of the support band, respectively, folded over and sewn onto itself
  • each of the rings, 14a and 14b are positioned within each of the two loops.
  • Each of the rings, 14a and 14b, respectively, are preferably the same size and are rectangular in shape. Alternatively the rings are oval-shaped, or the like.
  • the rings may be composed of metal, plastic, or the like.
  • the present embodiment further comprises a substantially non-elastic tension strap, 15, having a first end and a second end.
  • the tension strap is preferably composed
  • Each of the two opposable elements of each set of fasteners is positioned side-by-
  • the tension strap includes one element, 16a and 16b, respectively, of the fastener set in
  • This self-enclosed loop will encompass ring 14a. The same
  • the two sets of fasteners are hook and loop type, as shown in Fig. 2,,
  • elements 16a and 16b respectively, being hook elements, and elements 17a and 17b,
  • the two sets of fasteners are attached to
  • the tension strap by permanent stitching.
  • the fasteners are attached with industrial strength glue.
  • elements 16a and 16b, respectively, are spaced about
  • elements 16a and 16b, respectively, are in the range
  • elements 17a and 17b, respectively are in the range of about 2 to 6 inches in length. Such a configuration enables maximum adjustability in the overall circumference of the circular strap.
  • the two sets are in the two sets.
  • fasteners are comprised of snaps, set at appropriate intervals to allow for adjustments to
  • the first end of the tension strap (having the fastener set with elements 16a and 17 a) is inserted through the ring 14a, whereafter
  • element 16a is removably attached to element 17a, thereby forming a self-enclosed loop
  • the present embodiment further comprises a soft head pad, 12, that rests against
  • the head pad, 12, is tubular in design to allow the support band, 11a, to pass through it.
  • the head pad, 12, is
  • the present embodiment is easily transportable and may be used with various types of car seats, strollers, booster seats, and the like. Because the circular strap includes
  • this embodiment of the invention may be used with several different
  • This embodiment of the invention further includes easy access to the fastener sets to enable adjustments to the tension of the circular strap via either set of fasteners located
  • the present embodiment is lightweight, durable, and very easy to use.
  • the head pad may be removed from the circular strap to allow for

Abstract

A padded strap is attached to both sides of a child car seat using two sets of hook and loop type fasteners, and alternatively, through use of two rotating discs. A child car seat head support system is thereby provided, which holds a baby's head in a comfortable, upright position while sleeping in a forward facing car seat. Stabilized support is accomplished using the padded strap to gently hold the child's head in an upright position against the back of the child's car seat. The support mechanism prevents the child's head from falling forward or 'rolling' to the left or right side while the child is asleep. In an alternative embodiment, the padded strap is attached at both free ends to a tension strap with two sets of fasteners, respectively; thereby forming a single, circular strap, operable for placement over the top of the car seat. The circular strap is held in position by the tension force applied by the elastic material of the padded strap, and the resulting friction applied between the circular strap and the outside of the car seat. The circumference of the circular strap may be adjusted with the two sets of fasteners, preferably hook and loop type, to accommodate various car seats, strollers, booster seats, and the like.

Description

BABY HEAD SLEEPING SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR CAR SEAT
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the field of child car seats, strollers, booster seats,
and the like; and more particularly to a baby head sleeping support system for the same.
2. Description of the Prior Art Restful sleep is important for human beings, and even more so for young children
and babies. Many times the motions experienced while riding in a vehicle promote the desire to fall asleep; this is especially evident with babies. Some parents even
deliberately employ this phenomena to encourage their children to fall asleep, by placing
their child in a car seat and driving around until the child falls asleep. Indeed, when
babies are riding in a vehicle car seat, they typically spend a lot of hours sleeping. During sleep, however, the muscles in the neck and back of the human body that normally
support the head do not function. This is magnified in babies as their neck and back muscles are not as strong as those of an adult. The result is that when babies are asleep in
a car seat, their head will fall forward or "roll" to the left or right, placing strain on the
baby's neck and spine and causing discomfort that diminishes the quality of sleep that the
child enjoys. While driving in and around city streets, the forces associated with vehicle acceleration, braking, and sharp turns, respectively, further magnify the harmful effects
on the neck and spine caused by the child's head not being supported. Head supports for adults and children are known in the art. However, the prior art
lacks the salient features and advantages of the present invention as described herein.
Moreover, many of the prior art patents disclose apparatus specifically designed for adult
seats. Others require several parts, involve intricate installation, are incapable of being
readily adjusted to accommodate for various size heads, and are bulky in terms of their
size and weight. The following is a summary of the relevant prior art.
US Patent 2,267,103 to Ireland discloses a head support for various types of
vehicles employed for the transportation of persons. The head support is especially adaptable for use by persons who are traveling for long distances and desire to relax and
rest. The '103 patent teaches an apparatus intended for an adult seat. No disclosure is
contained therein concerning a child car seat head support having a soft cotton head pad
that is tubular in design, wherein a support band is inserted through the head pad and is
attached to the car seat by two hook and loop type fastener strips.
US Patent 2,582,571 to Thoma discloses a headrest comprising a pair of cushions which are arranged in spaced-apart relation with one another for the reception of a
person's head therebetween. The cushions are mounted on a band that is designed to encircle the back of a seat in a bus, train, or the like. The band may be adjusted with
respect to the back so that the cushions will embrace opposite sides of the person's head and cover the latter' s ears. The '571 patent teaches an apparatus intended for an adult
seat. Furthermore, the '571 patent does not comprise a child car seat head support having a soft cotton head pad that is tubular in design, wherein a support band is inserted through
the head pad and is attached to the car seat by two hook and loop type fastener strips,
such that the support strap completely surrounds the child's head. US Patent 2,726,714 to McAndrews discloses an infant restraining means for automobile use. The '714 patent comprises a strap which fits around the back of an
automobile seat and a belt mounted on the strap, the belt being adjustable to fit around the abdomen of an infant. The '714 patent does not teach an apparatus that is used with a
modern forward-facing child car seat. Furthermore, the '714 patent does not comprise a child car seat head support having a soft cotton head pad that is tubular in design, wherein
a support band is inserted through the head pad and is attached to the car seat by two
hook and loop type fastener strips, such that the support strap covers the child's forehead.
US Patent 3,606,885 to Lund discloses an infant holder of a preformed unitary
plastic body by which an infant can be supported either in a relatively fixed supine position or in a suspended upright position for the making of an X-ray or other treatment
or operation, and which not only will not interfere with the X-ray but will stand
sterilization. The '885 patent does not disclose an apparatus that can be used with a
modern forward-facing child car seat during vehicle operation. Furthermore, the '885 patent does not comprise a child car seat head support having a soft cotton head pad that
is tubular in design, wherein a support band is inserted through the head pad and is attached to the car seat by two hook and loop type fastener strips.
US Patent 4,024,861 to Vincent discloses a spinal support, particularly for use in
first aid treatment of victims of spinal injuries. The support is of the type of an inflatable
bag to which the victim is secured to immobilize his or her spine during transportation to
a hospital or the like. Fixedly secured to the sides of the head portion are head straps
arranged for securing the victim's head to the support. The straps are secured to the head portion by welding or the like in proximity to the peripheral seam. The '861 patent does not disclose an apparatus that is used with a modern forward-facing child car seat during
vehicle operation. Furthermore, the '861 patent does not comprise a child car seat head
support having a soft cotton head pad that is tubular in design, wherein a support band is
inserted through the head pad and is attached to the car seat by two hook and loop type
fastener strips.
US Patent 4,339,151 to Riggs discloses a head restraint for supporting the user's head while seated in a chair. The head restraint comprises a strap adapted to be wrapped
around the back of a chair and an adjustable headband secured to a central forward portion of the strap. The head restraint is preferably made of paper and is readily
disposable after use. The '151 patent does not disclose an apparatus that is used with a modern forward-facing child car seat during vehicle operation. Furthermore, the '151
patent does not comprise a child car seat head support having a soft cotton head pad that is tubular in design, wherein a durable support band is inserted through the head pad and
is attached to the car seat by two hook and loop type fastener strips.
US Patent 4,607,885 to del Fierro discloses a head-restraining device for
preventing possibly injurious forward and lateral motion of the head of a child seated in a
child's seat. The device comprises a rigid U-shaped restraining member which surrounds
the forward and lateral portions of the child's head, and is of a size to be separated
therefrom by a slight air gap so as to not be uncomfortable, yet be capable of being
engaged by the child's head and restraining such from any more than minimal forward
and lateral motion. The device disclosed by the '885 patent is bulky in size and is not
easily adjusted to accommodate for various sized heads of children. The head restraint is not flexible and does not tightly secure the child's head, since the apparatus in the '885 patent is designed to be installed such that a gap exists between the child's head and the
support system. The '885 patent does not comprise a child car seat head support having a
soft cotton head pad that is tubular in design, wherein an elastic support band is inserted
through the head pad and is attached to the car seat by two hook and loop type fastener
strips.
US Patent 4,707,031 to Meistrell discloses a head support for a traveler sitting in a
chair having a headrest, and which includes a first band adapted to be fitted in adjustably
wrapped condition closely about the user's head and at eye or forehead level, a band retention structure associated with the band for retaining the band in said wrapped
condition, and a head restraint structure coupled to the band and adapted to be coupled to the headrest for restraining the user's head against lateral side-to-side movement relative
to the headrest. Installation of the '031 requires several steps, and the apparatus contains
several parts. In addition, the '031 patent does not allow for adjustments to accommodate
various size heads because the band placed over the front of the car seat does not use a hook and loop type fastener to attach to the car seat, but instead uses snaps. The '031
patent does not comprise a child car seat head support having a soft cotton head pad that is tubular in design, wherein an elastic support band is inserted through the head pad and
is attached to the car seat by two hook and loop type fastener strips.
US Patent 5,076,264 to Lonardo et al. discloses a medical appliance, having a
thick foam core received within a cover made of fleece, for simultaneously treating spinal, shoulder girdle, head, neck and related conditions. The appliance includes a seat
cushion surrounded on three sides by a three-sided vest having a back wall and a pair of
forwardly extending sidewalls. The '264 patent teaches a medical appliance and is not an apparatus that can be used with a modern forward-facing child car seat during vehicle
operation. Furthermore, the '264 patent does not comprise a child car seat head support
having a soft cotton head pad that is tubular in design, wherein a support band is inserted
through the head pad and is attached to the car seat by two hook and loop type fastener
strips, such that the support strap completely surrounds the child's head.
US Patent 5,360,393 to Garth et al. discloses a dual adhesive strap which is designed to lay across and adhere to the patient's forehead and have each of its ends
adhere to a spine board for securing a patient's head in a head immobilizer. The strap has
a bottom side comprising a central region which comprises skin contact adhesive flanked
by two regions which comprise a board contact adhesive. The '393 patent teaches a
medical appliance and is not an apparatus that can be used with a modern forward-facing
child car seat during vehicle operation. Furthermore, the '393 patent does not comprise a
child car seat head support having a soft cotton head pad that is tubular in design, wherein
a support band is inserted through the head pad and is attached to the car seat by two
hook and loop type fastener strips, such that the cotton head pad rests on the child's
forehead, but is not adhered to same.
US Patent 5,378,042 to Daneshvar discloses a device which is adapted to support
the head of a seated user relative to a generally upstanding portion of a seat, stroller, or
the like, and has a strap adapted to encircle the head of the user and the generally
upstanding portion. The strap contains a plurality of inflatable balloons having generally flat rear surfaces and expandable frontal surfaces, whereby upon inflation the generally
flat rear surfaces of the balloons remain flat, and the frontal surfaces bulge outwardly
from the rear surfaces to contact and support the user's head. Such balloons may require manual inflation and are generally not reliable for long term use. The '042 patent does
not teach an apparatus that can be used with a modern forward-facing child car seat
during vehicle operation. Furthermore, the '393 patent does not comprise a child car seat
head support having a soft cotton head pad that is tubular in design, wherein a support
band is inserted through the head pad and is attached to the car seat by two hook and loop
type fastener strips.
US Patents 5,395,158 and 5,511,854 to Cordia disclose a head support and
feeding aid for a wheelchair patient whose head slumps forwardly when seated. A headband is attached to a frame on the wheelchair seat back by adjustable cords. By
progressively adjusting the length of the cords, the head band progressively lifts the patient's head to a more and more upright position. The length of the cords is adjusted by
releasable cord clamps behind the frame. The '158 and '854 patents teach a medical appliance and not an apparatus that can be used with a modern forward-facing child car
seat during vehicle operation. Furthermore, the '158 and '854 patents do not comprise a child car seat head support having a soft cotton head pad that is tubular in design, wherein
a support band is inserted through the head pad and is attached to the car seat by two hook and loop type fastener strips.
US Patent 6,209,959 to Meye discloses a headrest to be used in vehicles and provided with fastening means for a headband to be positioned around the head of a
passenger above the eyes and ears. The fastening means comprise a ring suitable for the headband to be passed through. The fastening means comprise a band attached in the
interior of the headrest, which extends through an opening in the upholstery, and the ring
is fastened to the band at the exterior of the headrest. The '959 patent teaches a headrest for use with an adult seat and not with a modem forward-facing child car seat.
Furthermore, the '959 patent does not comprise a child car seat head support having a soft
cotton head pad that is tubular in design, wherein a support band is inserted through the
head pad and is attached to the car seat by two hook and loop type fastener strips.
US Patent 6,266,825 to Floyd discloses a traveler's head support sleeping and
resting mechanism for a seated person. The seat and/or chair being used may include a
headrest. The '825 patent discloses a harness comprised from a band of a two strap
assembly arrangement with highly adhesive contact surfaces which may be a hook and loop mechanism, whereby the two lengths of strap are contacted to form one length only.
The seat harness and the head harness are preferably made of non-resilient material such
as nylon-type webbing. The '825 patent does not disclose a head support having an
elastic support band which is inserted through a tubular head pad and is attached to the
car seat by two hook and loop type fastener strips. The elastic nature of a support band
will act to absorb any forces on the child's head encountered during vehicle operation; an
elastic support band is easy to secure about the child's forehead, and is comfortable for
the child.
US Patent 6,301,716 to Ross discloses a head support assembly to facilitate the
care of a physically disabled individual. The head support assembly includes a headpiece and an attachment cord attached to the headpiece which is adapted to be attached to a
chair. The attachment cord and headpiece provide resilient support for an individual's head to facilitate the care of the individual. The '716 patent teaches a medical appliance
and not an apparatus that can be used with a modern forward-facing child car seat during
vehicle operation. Furthermore, the '716 patent does not comprise a child car seat head support having a soft cotton head pad that is tubular in design, wherein a support band is
inserted through the head pad and is attached to the car seat by two hook and loop type
fastener strips.
US Patent 6,607,245 to Scher discloses a head restraint for supporting a user's
head with respect to the headrest portion of a seat. The head restraint has a headband
strap for placing over the head across the forehead of the user. An anchor band is secured around the headrest portion of the seat. A right-hand securement strap is affixed between
the strap placed over the head of the user and the anchor band. Similarly, a left-hand strap
is affixed between the strap placed over the head of the user and the anchor band. The
'245 patent requires three separate straps, which increases the cost of the product, and
make it more difficult to install than a device with a single support strap. The '716 patent
does not comprise a child car seat head support having a soft cotton head pad that is
tubular in design, wherein a single support band is inserted through the head pad and is
attached to the car seat. US Patent Des. 339,428 to Swinea et al. discloses an ornamental design for a head
restraint strap. The '428 patent does not comprise a child car seat head support having a soft cotton head pad that is tubular in design, wherein a single support band is inserted
through the head pad and is attached to the car seat by two hook and loop type fastener
strips.
There remains a need in the art for a baby head sleeping support system comprising an apparatus having a padded strap that is attached to both sides of the car
seat with two hook and loop type fasteners. Also needed is a baby head sleeping support system wherein the padded strap has a circular configuration that facilitates its operation with a wide variety of car seats. Such a device is found in the present invention which
solves the problems associated with the lack of support of a baby's head while sleeping in
a vehicle's child car seat. The baby head sleeping support system of the present invention
provides a safe, comfortable, simple, compact and reliable apparatus for properly securing
a child's head against the rear of a child car seat when the child is asleep.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a baby head sleeping support system for a child
car seat comprising (i) an elastic, one-piece support band having a first end and a second
end; (ii) a soft head pad that rests against the child's forehead during use of the support
system, the head pad being tubular in design to allow the support band to pass through it; and (iii) two sets of fasteners, the fasteners being placed on either side of the car seat and
at the ends of the support band, respectively, wherein the support band is passed through the head pad, and the support band is attached to the car seat with the fasteners to support
the child's head in an upright position against the back of the car seat.
In another embodiment of the present invention there is provided a baby head
sleeping support system for a child car seat, comprising (i) an elastic, one-piece support band having a first end and a second end; (ii) a soft head pad that rests against the child's
forehead during use of the support system, the head pad being tubular in design to allow
the support band to pass through it; (iii) a substantially non-elastic tension strap having a
first end and a second end; (iv) a first ring at the first end of the support band for attaching the support band's first end to said strap's first end; (v) a second ring at the second end of the support band for attaching the support band's second end to the strap's
second end; and (vi) two sets of fasteners being placed on either end of the tension strap,
respectively, such that each of the ends are inserted through each of the rings,
respectively, and each end is folded onto itself, creating a removable attachment of each
of the support band's first and second ends, respectively, to each of the strap's first and
second ends, respectively. In this embodiment the support band is passed through the
head pad. A first end of the support band is removably attached to the tension strap's first end and asecond end of the support band is removably attached to the tension strap's
second end. In this manner there is formed a single circular strap having a circumference.
Advantageously,thecircular strap is readily placed over the car seat and tightened against
the car seat with the fasteners so that the head pad rests against the child's forehead and
the child's head is supported in an upright position against the back of the car seat,.
The present invention solves the problems associated with the lack of support of a
baby's head while sleeping in a child car seat in a vehicle. The details of construction
and arrangement of parts will be seen from the following description of the preferred
embodiments and from the appended claims when considered with the attached drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
The invention will be more fully understood and further advantages will become
apparent when reference is had to the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a perspective view depicting the baby head sleeping support system while
in use; and
Fig. 2 is a perspective view depicting the respective parts of an alternative
embodiment of the present invention, which collectively form a single circular strap when
assembled.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The baby head sleeping support system of the current invention comprises an apparatus having a padded strap that is attached to both sides of the car seat with two
fasteners, preferably hook and loop type, and alternately is attached to two rotating discs. The system maintains a baby's head in a comfortable, upright position while sleeping in a
forward facing car seat.
The head support system comprises a support band, which is preferably held in
place by two hook and loop type fastener strips placed on either side of the car seat, and
holds in place a soft pad, which rests against the child's forehead. The support means
prevents the child's head from falling forward or "rolling" to the left or right side while
the child is asleep, and holds the child's head in an upright position against the back of
the child's car seat. Interaction between the hook and loop fasteners keeps the support
strap from falling down around the child's face and neck area.
Referring to Fig. 1, there is shown a perspective view of the head support system.
The system comprises an elastic, one-piece support band 11 having a soft head pad 12
that rests against the forehead and gently holds the child's head in an upright position
against the back of the car seat. The head pad 12 is tubular in design to allow the support band 11 to pass through it; and the support band 11 is held in place by two hook and loop type fastener strips 13 placed on either side of the car seat. Preferably, the head pad 12 is
composed of a cotton-based material.
The hook and loop type fastener strips 13 are positioned on both sides of the car
seat preferably in a diagonal orientation, at about a 30 - 60 degree angle, and preferably
at a 45 degree angle, in such a way to allow for maximum adjustability of the head support both in the vertical placement of the support band 11 and also in the relative
length of the support band 11 that is used to support the child's head. This provides for
the ability (i) to adapt the head support system for children of varying heights and with
various size heads; (ii) to adjust the head support as the child grows with age; and (iii) to adjust the relative degree of tension holding the child's head against the back of the car
seat. Preferably, the hook and loop type fastener strips are attached to both sides of the car seat with industrial strength glue, suitable for this type of application.
The head pad 12 is made from a cotton-based material; or cotton-blend material.
The head pad preferably has a length in the range of 5 - 20 inches and has a diameter in
the range of 1 - 5 inches. More preferably, the head pad has a length in the range of 10 - 15 inches and has a diameter in the range of 2 - 4 inches. Most preferably, the head pad
is 12 inches long and has a 2.5 inches diameter. The head pad 12 is tubular in design to
allow the support band 11 to pass through it. The support band 11 is made from an elastic material. The support band
preferably has a length in the range of 10 - 40 inches and has a width in the range of 0.5 -
5 inches. More preferably, the support band has a length in the range of 20 - 30 inches and has a width in the range of 1 - 4 inches. Most preferably, the support band is 28 inches long and 1.5 inches wide. One side of a hook and loop type fastener is preferably
sewn in place at each end of the support band, respectively. Each of these sides of hook
and loop fasteners has a length in the range of 5 - 10 inches and a width in the range of
0.25 - 1.5 inches. Most preferably, each of these sides of hook and loop type fastener is 7
inches long and 0.75 inches wide.
Each strip of hook and loop type fastener which is attached to the two sides of the
car seat, respectively, preferably has a length in the range of 3 - 10 inches and a width in
the range of 0.5 - 5 inches. More preferably, each strip of hook and loop type fastener which is attached to the two sides of the car seat, respectively, has a length in the range of
4 - 8 inches and a width in the range of 1 - 4 inches. Most preferably, each strip of hook
and loop type fastener which is attached to the two sides of the car seat, respectively, is 6
inches long and 2 inches wide. The support band 11 attaches at both of its ends to the
hook and loop type fastener portions 13 located on the car seat and runs across the front
of the car seat. The head support system allows the child to sleep comfortably when riding in a
vehicle because the support band 11 prevents strain on the neck and spine, which is
caused when the child's head falls forward or "rolls" to either the left or right side. The
support band 11 keeps the child's head in an upright position against the back of the child's car seat while riding in a vehicle. The head support system provides for continual
head support even during the unpredictable forces associated with heavy braking and sharp turns.
In the absence of the head support system, the parents of the child will constantly find themselves gently repositioning the child's head to an upright and more comfortable position. If driving on a highway or other situation where it is unfeasible to pull the
vehicle over to the side of the road, parents may be forced to put their own safety at risk
by releasing their seatbelt and "climbing" into the back seat while the vehicle is moving in order to reach the child to reposition the child's head. Over the course of a trip, this
sort of activity may have to be repeated several times.
The head support system can be detached from the car seat when not in use by
separating the hook and loop fasteners 13 at the ends of the support band 11.
In an alternative embodiment, two rotating discs are located at either side of the
child car seat and include a hook and loop type fastener on each outer surface of the
rotating discs. The support band 11 is attached to the two rotating discs at either side of
the car seat with the hook and loop type fastener. Since the rotating discs include a hook
and loop type fastener, the support strap may be adjusted for a variety of different sized
heads, and the tension of the support strap may also be adjusted by repositioning the
location of the strap on the hook and loop type fasteners. By simply rotating the discs, the support band 11 may be moved to the top of the car seat when the apparatus is not in use.
The support band 11 is then positioned around the child's forehead when the child falls asleep by rotating the discs in the appropriate direction.
The head support system of the present invention is comfortable for the child. It
may be adjusted to fit different size car seats and different size heads, is easy to install,
and is very reliable. Because the present invention has a very simple construction
requiring few parts, the head support system can be manufactured at a reasonable cost and
is very simple to install and use. The present invention can be sold as a kit which comprises the support band 11, the head pad 12, and the two hook and loop type fasteners 13. The kit includes instructions for using the head support system that comprise the
steps of: (i) inserting an elastic, one-piece support band having a first end and a second
end into a tubular soft cotton head pad; (ii) attaching a first pair of hook and loop type
fasteners, wherein the fasteners are located on first side of the car seat and at the first end
of the support band, respectively; (iii) positioning the head pad so that it rests against the
child's forehead; and (iv) attaching a second pair of hook and loop type fasteners,
wherein the fasteners are located on second side of the car seat and at the second end of
the support band, respectively.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the baby head sleeping support
system comprises a unit that is adaptable to fit various car seats, carriages, booster seats,
and the like. In this embodiment a hook and loop type fastener is not required to be
attached to each side of the car seat. Instead, a circular strap is disclosed that is operable
for placement over the top of the car seat. The circular strap is held in position by
adjusting the tension of the circular strap. It is engaged by friction through the force
applied by the elasticity of the support band. The circular strap is assembled from a
support band 1 Ia, a head pad 12, and a tension strap 15.
Fig. 2 illustrates this embodiment of the invention. An elastic, one piece support
band having a first end and a second end is shown at 11a. The support band 11a has two
rings, 14a and 14b, attached at each of its ends, respectively. The rings, 14a and 14b, are
preferably attached at each end of the support band 11a by having the outermost portion of each of the two ends of the support band, respectively, folded over and sewn onto itself
to create a self-enclosed loop, whereby the rings, 14a and 14b, are positioned within each of the two loops. Each of the rings, 14a and 14b, respectively, are preferably the same size and are rectangular in shape. Alternatively the rings are oval-shaped, or the like.
The rings may be composed of metal, plastic, or the like.
The present embodiment further comprises a substantially non-elastic tension strap, 15, having a first end and a second end. The tension strap is preferably composed
of nylon. One set of fasteners, 16a and 17a, is attached at the first end of the tension
strap. Another set of fasteners, 16b and 17b, is attached at the second end of the tension
strap. Each of the two opposable elements of each set of fasteners is positioned side-by-
side along the length of the tension strap. The outermost portion of each of the ends of
the tension strap includes one element, 16a and 16b, respectively, of the fastener set in
order to removably attach each of the ends of the tension strap onto itself by folding the outermost end of the strap and attaching element 16a to element 17a, thereby creating a
self-enclosed loop. This self-enclosed loop will encompass ring 14a. The same
configuration is followed at the second end of the strap with elements 16b and 17b of the
second set of fasteners, and ring 14b.
Preferably the two sets of fasteners are hook and loop type, as shown in Fig. 2,,
with elements 16a and 16b, respectively, being hook elements, and elements 17a and 17b,
respectively, being the loop elements. Preferably the two sets of fasteners are attached to
the tension strap by permanent stitching. Alternatively, the fasteners are attached with industrial strength glue. Preferably elements 16a and 16b, respectively, are spaced about
1/4 to 1 inch from the end of the strap to provide a tab at each end for easy grip by the
user's fingers during use. Preferably elements 16a and 16b, respectively, are in the range
of about 1/2 to 3 inches in length. Preferably elements 17a and 17b, respectively, are in the range of about 2 to 6 inches in length. Such a configuration enables maximum adjustability in the overall circumference of the circular strap. Alternatively, the two sets
of fasteners are comprised of snaps, set at appropriate intervals to allow for adjustments to
the overall circumference of the circular strap. Alternatively, other types of fasteners may be used.
During use of the support system, the first end of the tension strap (having the fastener set with elements 16a and 17 a) is inserted through the ring 14a, whereafter
element 16a is removably attached to element 17a, thereby forming a self-enclosed loop
and joining the first end of the elastic support band to the first end of the substantially non-elastic tension strap. The same configuration is followed at the second end of the
tension strap.
The present embodiment further comprises a soft head pad, 12, that rests against
the child's forehead during use of the support system, wherein the head pad, 12, is tubular in design to allow the support band, 11a, to pass through it. The head pad, 12, is
preferably made from a cotton-based material, or cotton blend.
The present embodiment is easily transportable and may be used with various types of car seats, strollers, booster seats, and the like. Because the circular strap includes
all the parts required for its use, without the need for attaching a fastener directly to the
sides of the car seat, this embodiment of the invention may be used with several different
car seats. Alternatively, however, a hook or loop portion of a hook and loop type fastener
may be applied to both sides of the car seat (as described hereinabove in reference to the previously disclosed embodiment) to increase the amount of friction existing between the
circular strap and the car seat, thereby providing a more stable connection and more
reliable support for the child's head. This embodiment of the invention further includes easy access to the fastener sets to enable adjustments to the tension of the circular strap via either set of fasteners located
on each side of the car seat. The present embodiment is lightweight, durable, and very easy to use. The head pad may be removed from the circular strap to allow for
laundering, or simply to interchange between several different head pads having various
colors and designs, according to the appearance of the child's clothes, the color of the car
seat, and the like.
Having thus described the invention in rather full detail, it will be understood that
such detail need not be strictly adhered to, but that additional changes and modifications
may suggest themselves to one skilled in the art, all falling within the scope of the
invention as defined by the subjoined claims.

Claims

CLAIMS What is claimed is:
1. A baby head sleeping support system for a child car seat, comprising;
a. an elastic, one-piece support band having a first end and a second end;
b. a soft head pad that rests against said child's forehead during use of said
support system, said head pad being tubular in design to allow said support band to pass through it; and
c. two sets of fasteners, said fasteners being placed on either side of said car seat and at said ends of said support band, respectively,
wherein said support band is passed through said head pad, and said support
band is attached to said car seat with said fasteners to support said child's head
in an upright position against the back of said car seat.
2. A baby head sleeping support system for a child car seat, comprising;
a. an elastic, one-piece support band having a first end and a second end;
b. a soft head pad that rests against said child's forehead during use of said
support system, said head pad being of tubular design to allow said support band to pass through it; and
c. two sets of hook and loop type fasteners, said fasteners being placed on either side of said car seat and at said ends of said support band,
respectively, wherein said support band is passed through said head pad, and said support band is attached to said car seat with said fasteners to support said child's head in an upright
position against the back of said car seat.
3. The baby head sleeping support system recited in claim 1, wherein said head pad
is composed of a cotton-based material.
4. The baby head sleeping support system recited in claim 1, wherein said fasteners
are attached to each side of said car seat with an industrial strength glue.
5. The baby head sleeping support system recited in claim 2, wherein said hook and
loop type fasteners are placed on either side of said car seat at an angle of about
30 to 60 degrees.
6. The baby head sleeping support system recited in claim 2, wherein said hook and
loop type fasteners are placed on either side of said car seat at an angle of about 45 degrees, thereby allowing for maximum adjustability of said support band.
7. The baby head sleeping support system recited in claim 1, wherein said support
band has a length in the range of 10 - 40 inches and has a width in the range of
0.5 - 5 inches.
8. The baby head sleeping support system recited in claim 1, wherein said support
band has a length ranging from about 20 - 30 inches and a width ranging from
about 1 - 4 inches.
9. The baby head sleeping support system recited in claim 1, wherein said support
band is 28 inches long and 1.5 inches wide.
10. The baby head sleeping support system as recited in claim 1, wherein said head
pad has a length ranging from about 5 - 20 inches and a diameter ranging from
about 1 - 5 inches.
11. The baby head sleeping support system as recited in claim 1, wherein said head pad has a length ranging from about 10 - 15 inches and a diameter ranging from
about 2 - 4 inches.
12. The baby head sleeping support system recited in claim 1, wherein said head pad is 12 inches long and has a 2.5 inches diameter.
13. The baby head sleeping support system recited in claim 2, wherein said hook and
loop type fasteners attached to said car seat have a length in the range of 3 -10
inches and have a width in the range of 0.5 - 5 inches.
14. The baby head sleeping support system recited in claim 2, wherein said hook and loop type fasteners attached to said car seat have a length ranging from about 4 -
8 inches and a width ranging from about 1 - 4 inches.
15. The baby head sleeping support system recited in claim 2, wherein said hook and
loop type fasteners attached to said car seat are 6 inches long and 2 inches wide.
16. The baby head sleeping support system recited in claim 2, further comprising two
rotating discs located on either side of said car seat, said rotating discs having
outward facing surfaces, wherein said hook and loop type fasteners are located on said surface of each of said rotating discs, said rotating discs providing means for
rotating said support band up and above said car seat when said baby head
sleeping support system is not in use.
17. A process for supporting a baby's head in an upright position against the back of a
child car seat, comprising the steps of: a. inserting an elastic, one-piece support band having a first end and a second
end into a tubular soft cotton head pad;
b. attaching a first set of fasteners, wherein said fasteners are located on a
first side of said car seat and at said first end of said support band, respectively;
c. positioning said head pad so that it rests against said child's forehead; and d. attaching a second set of fasteners, wherein said fasteners are located on a second side of said car seat and at said second end of said support band,
respectively.
18. A kit for supporting a baby's head in an upright position against the back of a child car seat, comprising:
a. an elastic, one-piece support band having a first end and a second end;
b. a soft cotton head pad, which during use of said support system said head
pad rests against said child's forehead, said head pad being tubular in
design to allow said support band to pass through it; and
c. a plurality of hook and loop type fasteners, a first and second of said
fasteners being placed during use of said support system on either side of
said car seat and at said ends of said support band, respectively, whereby
said fasteners are operable to attach said support band to said car seat.
19. A baby head sleeping support system for a child car seat, comprising;
a. an elastic, one-piece support band having a first end and a second end;
b. a soft head pad that rests against said child's forehead during use of said support system, said head pad being tubular in design to allow said support
band to pass through it; c. a substantially non -elastic tension strap having a first end and a second
end; d. a first ring at said first end of support band, for attaching said support
band's first end to said strap's first end;
e. a second ring at said second end of support band, for attaching said
support band's second end to said strap's second end; and
f. two sets of fasteners, said fasteners being placed on either end of said
tension strap, respectively, such that each of said ends are operable for insertion through each of said rings, respectively, whereafter each end is
folded onto itself, creating a removable attachment of each of said support band's first and second ends, respectively, to each of said tension strap's
first and second ends, respectively;
wherein said support band is passed through said head pad, said support
band's first end is removably attached to said tension strap's first end, said
support band's second end is removably attached to said tension strap's
second end, thereby forming a single circular strap having a circumference,
wherein said circular strap is operable for placement over said car seat and is
tightened against said car seat with said fasteners so that said head pad rests
against said child's forehead, said support bandbeing held in place through
friction in order to support said child's head in an upright position against the
back of said car seat, .
20. The baby head sleeping support system recited in claim 19, wherein said head pad
is cotton-based.
21. The baby head sleeping support system recited in claim 19, wherein said
substantially non-elastic tension strap is composed of a nylon-based material.
22. The baby head sleeping support system recited in claim 19, wherein said two sets
of fasteners are hook and loop type fasteners having substantial overlap to enable
length of said circular strap to be adjusted.
23. The baby head sleeping support system recited in claim 19, wherein said two sets
of fasteners comprise a plurality of snaps, spaced at set intervals to enable the
circumference of said circular strap to be adjusted.
24. The baby head sleeping support system recited in claim 19, wherein said first and
second rings, respectively, are substantially rectangular in shape.
25. The baby head sleeping support system recited in claim 19, wherein said first and
second rings, respectively, are oval-shaped.
26. The baby head sleeping support system recited in claim 19, wherein a strip of
hook or loop portion of a hook and loop type fastener is attached to each side of
said car seat, further enhancing said friction existing between said circular strap and said car seat.
PCT/US2005/030701 2004-08-30 2005-08-29 Baby head sleeping support system for car seat WO2006026563A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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US10/930,363 US7740318B2 (en) 2004-08-30 2004-08-30 Baby head sleeping support system for car seat

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WO2006026563A3 WO2006026563A3 (en) 2006-11-09

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US7740318B2 (en) 2010-06-22
US20060061186A1 (en) 2006-03-23

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