WO2005101614A1 - 回転子及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
回転子及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005101614A1 WO2005101614A1 PCT/JP2004/018221 JP2004018221W WO2005101614A1 WO 2005101614 A1 WO2005101614 A1 WO 2005101614A1 JP 2004018221 W JP2004018221 W JP 2004018221W WO 2005101614 A1 WO2005101614 A1 WO 2005101614A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- rotor
- soft magnetic
- magnet
- powder
- bonded magnet
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
- H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
- H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
- H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
- H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
- H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
- H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
- H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
- H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
- H02K1/2766—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM] having a flux concentration effect
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K15/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
- H02K15/02—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of stator or rotor bodies
- H02K15/03—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of stator or rotor bodies having permanent magnets
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49009—Dynamoelectric machine
- Y10T29/49012—Rotor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a permanent magnet yoke-integrated rotor suitable for high-efficiency applications such as motors and generators.
- Permanent magnet type motors include a so-called surface magnet type motor (SPM) in which permanent magnets are arranged on the outer periphery of a rotor, and a magnet embedded type motor (IPM) in which permanent magnets are arranged inside the rotor.
- SPM surface magnet type motor
- IPM magnet embedded type motor
- the SPM has a structure in which a permanent magnet 31 on a rotor surface is in direct contact with an air gap 34 between a yoke 32 and a stator 33 having a coil 37.
- the magnetic circuit shown in Fig. 16 is generally called a surface magnet type magnetic circuit.
- the magnetic flux A from the N pole of any permanent magnet 31a passes through the air gap 34 as shown by the arrow, reaches the stator yoke 33a,
- the air again passes through the air gap 34 via the portions 33b and 33c of the stator yoke 33, and returns to the S pole of the permanent magnet 31a via the permanent magnet 31b and the rotor yoke 32.
- the permanent magnet 41 is embedded in the yoke 42 as shown in Fig. 17, the IPM is called a magnet-embedded magnetic circuit or an internal magnet-type magnetic circuit.
- the yoke 42 is punched out to have a magnet-shaped hole, and is made of a laminated body of silicon steel plates.
- the permanent magnet 41 is housed in the hole of the yoke 42.
- the magnetic flux A coming out of the N pole of the permanent magnet 41 is
- B and B in FIGS. 16 and 17 each indicate the flow of the short-circuited magnetic flux.
- reluctance motors using polarity have also been proposed (Sakai, et al .: "Permanent Magnet Reluctance Fundamental Characteristics of Tance Motor ", 1998 IEICE National Convention, Lecture No. 1002).
- Reluctance motors are roughly classified into switch reluctance motors and synchronous reluctance motors in terms of the stator.
- the switch relatance motor generally has a concentrated winding on a stator, and a gear-shaped rotor is attracted to the teeth of the stator by magnetic attraction to rotate.
- a synchronous reluctance motor generally includes a stator having windings of distributed winding and a rotor having one or more magnetic barriers inside. Due to the magnetic obstacle, the d-axis, which is easy to pass the magnetic flux, and the q-axis, which is hard to pass the magnetic flux, are formed.
- the relative permeability of the permanent magnet is significantly smaller than the relative permeability of a soft magnetic material such as silicon steel.
- a motor having both characteristics of a permanent magnet motor and a reluctance motor can be realized.
- the reluctance torque is generated by exposing the permanent magnet to the magnetic barrier, and a motor having both characteristics of the permanent magnet motor and the reluctance motor can be realized.
- the magnet-mounted motor can effectively use the magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet, improving the efficiency at low speed rotation, and using the by-product reluctance torque to rotate up to the high speed range. The ability can be secured.
- a reluctance motor an embedded magnet type motor based on a synchronous reluctance motor is known as a reluctance motor.
- RPM Permanent Magnet Motor
- the characteristics of the permanent magnet are greatly improved, so that a motor having characteristics intermediate between the permanent magnet type motor and the reluctance motor can be obtained.
- the permanent magnet embedded type motor has high efficiency and high accuracy. It is promising in that it has the control characteristics described above and it is possible to optimize the motor characteristics according to the application.
- thin plates such as silicon steel plates having openings for permanent magnets are laminated, and individual members are thin. Therefore, such a motor is not suitable for high-speed rotation.
- a clearance is required between the permanent magnet and the silicon steel sheet to absorb processing tolerances. This clearance acts as an air gap on the magnetic circuit, reducing the efficiency of the motor.
- cogging torque is generated because the clearance causes a variation in the magnetic pole pitch, which degrades the position accuracy of the permanent magnet.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-169633 proposes a method of integrally molding a permanent magnet and a soft magnetic material. However, this method cannot be applied to SPM, and does not solve the manufacturing problems of embedded magnet type motors.
- the magnet-embedded rotor requires a soft magnetic bridging portion for collision prevention and reinforcement between a plurality of permanent magnets.
- the magnetic flux force of the permanent magnets causes a short circuit at this portion to generate leakage magnetic flux.
- the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet cannot be used without waste.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-331784 proposes that a yoke is formed by a member in which a ferromagnetic portion and a non-magnetic portion coexist, and a non-magnetic portion is formed in a bridging portion. I have. However, this method does not solve processing or manufacturing problems.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-134311 discloses that a thin plate such as a silicon steel plate having an opening for inserting a magnet is laminated, and a compound for a bond magnet is injected into the opening to form a bonded magnet without clearance. It proposes a method of providing it inside. In this method, in order to improve the fluidity of the compound, the amount of resin must be increased (the amount of magnetic powder or iron powder is reduced). Therefore, there is a problem that the obtained rotor has low magnetic properties. In addition, as the motor becomes larger, the current flowing through the permanent magnet increases, and the eddy current loss also increases. To reduce eddy current loss, Mita, "Eddy Current Analysis of Surface Magnet Type Motor", 98 Motor Technology Symposium (1998), States that it is necessary to cut off the flow. This method is cumbersome and increases manufacturing costs. Disclosure of the invention
- an object of the present invention is to provide a permanent magnet having a gap between the permanent magnet and the soft magnetic material, which has a high degree of freedom in shape, so that the magnetic force of the permanent magnet is effectively used, and cracking due to springback is prevented. It is an object of the present invention to provide a permanent magnet embedded rotor having a high pressure bonding strength between a bond magnet portion to be softened and a soft magnetic portion.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a permanent magnet embedded rotor.
- the rotor of the present invention has a structure in which the bonded magnet portion mainly composed of the magnetic powder and the binder is embedded in the soft magnetic portion mainly composed of the soft magnetic powder and the binder. And a magnetic pole surface of the bonded magnet portion is embedded in the soft magnetic portion.
- an end face of the bonded magnet portion is exposed on a peripheral side face of the rotor, and a width of each exposed end face is 2% or less of the entire circumference of the rotor.
- the entirety of the bonded magnet portion is completely embedded in the soft magnetic portion, and the soft magnetic portion between the bonded magnet portion and the peripheral side surface of the rotor is provided.
- the thinnest part has a thickness in the range of 0.3-1.5 mm.
- the bond magnet portion has a circular arc shape protruding toward the center of the rotor, and is arranged so as to have an even number of magnetic poles of 412 over the entire rotor. It is preferable that the arc-shaped bond magnet portion is connected in a ring shape.
- the average particle size of the magnet powder is preferably 50-200 ⁇ m, and the average particle size of the soft magnetic powder is preferably 1-150 m.
- the soft magnetic portion preferably has an electric conductivity of 20 kS / m or less, a Bm of 1.4 T or more, and a coercive force He of 800 A / m or less.
- the bonded magnet portion has a residual magnetic flux density Br of 0.4 T or more and Hcj of 600 kA / m or more.
- the shear strength between the bonded magnet portion and the soft magnetic portion is preferably 10 MPa or more.
- the above-described bonded magnet portion mainly comprises a magnet powder having an average particle diameter of 50 to 200 ⁇ m and a binder.
- the soft magnetic portion is preformed by a powder compound, and the soft magnetic portion is mainly composed of a soft magnetic powder having an average particle size larger than the average particle size of the magnetic powder within a range of 150 m and a binder. It is characterized in that the powder magnet compound is preformed so as to be in contact with the bonded magnet portion, and the bonded magnet portion and the soft magnetic portion are integrated at a pressure higher than the preforming pressure.
- the above-mentioned bonded magnet portion mainly comprises a magnet powder having an average particle diameter of 50 to 200 ⁇ m and a binder.
- the soft magnetic portion is preformed by a powder compound, and the soft magnetic portion is mainly composed of a soft magnetic powder having an average particle size larger than the average particle size of the magnetic powder within a range of 150 m and a binder. It is characterized in that it is separately preformed by a powder compound, and the bonded magnet portion and the soft magnetic portion are combined and integrated at a pressure higher than the preforming pressure.
- the third method of the present invention for producing a rotor composed of a bonded magnet part and a soft magnetic part is characterized in that the soft magnetic part is formed from the average particle size of the magnet powder within the range of 1 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the magnet is preformed with a soft magnetic powder compound mainly composed of a soft magnetic powder having a large average particle diameter and a binder, and the bonded magnet portion is mainly composed of a magnetic powder having an average particle diameter of 50 to 200 ⁇ m and a binder.
- the soft magnetic portion is preformed by a powder compound so as to be in contact with the soft magnetic portion, and the soft magnetic portion and the bonded magnet portion are integrally formed at a pressure higher than the preforming pressure.
- thermosetting resin is used as the binder, and a thermosetting process is performed after the bonding of the bonded magnet portion and the soft magnetic portion.
- the permanent magnet embedded rotor of the present invention includes a magnet made of magnet powder and a binder. Since the bonded magnet portion has a structure embedded in a soft magnetic portion made of soft magnetic powder and a binder, and the magnetic pole surface of the bonded magnet portion is substantially embedded in the soft magnetic portion, (a) It is possible to efficiently use the magnetic flux created by the gap that becomes the magnetic resistance between the bonded magnet part and the soft magnetic part, and (b) obtain high dimensional accuracy even in the thin part between the bonded magnet part and the peripheral side surface. c) It has the advantage of utilizing reluctant torque and (d) reducing the number of assembly steps.
- cracking due to springback can be prevented by forming the bond magnet portion in a predetermined shape or making the width of each exposed end face of the bond magnet portion 2% or less of the entire circumference of the rotor. Further, by devising the particle size of the magnet powder and the soft magnetic powder, the pressure bonding strength between the bonded magnet portion and the soft magnetic portion can be increased.
- the degree of freedom of the shape of the bonded magnet portion is high. Also, in the conventional rotor in which the magnet is bonded and fixed, the force that generates an unnecessary air gap between the yoke and the magnet is small in the present invention because the bonded magnet portion and the soft magnetic portion are physically compacted. (4) A high-performance embedded permanent magnet rotor with no gap between them due to the amount of resin and man-hour can be obtained. Further, it is possible to prevent the magnetic flux from the bonded magnet portion from being short-circuited at the yoke portion between the poles, so that the magnetic flux of the bonded magnet portion can be effectively used.
- FIG. 1 (a) is a schematic sectional view showing an embedded permanent magnet rotor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 (b) is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of tensile stress when the embedded permanent magnet rotor of FIG. 1 (a) is deformed.
- FIG. 2 (a) is a schematic sectional view showing a permanent magnet embedded type rotor according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 (b) is a schematic view showing a distribution of tensile stress when the embedded permanent magnet rotor of FIG. 2 (a) is deformed.
- FIG. 3 (a) is a schematic sectional view showing a permanent magnet embedded type rotor according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 (b) is a schematic diagram showing a distribution of tensile stress when the embedded permanent magnet rotor of FIG. 3 (a) is deformed.
- FIG. 4 (a) is a schematic sectional view showing a permanent magnet embedded type rotor according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 (b)] is a schematic view showing a distribution of tensile stress when the embedded permanent magnet rotor of FIG. 4 (a) is deformed.
- FIG. 5 (a)] is a schematic sectional view showing a permanent magnet embedded type rotor in which each magnetic pole is formed by a plurality of bent bond magnet portions.
- FIG. 5 (b) is a schematic sectional view showing an embedded permanent magnet rotor in which each magnetic pole is formed by a plurality of arc-shaped bonded magnet portions.
- FIG. 6 (a)] is a schematic sectional view showing a permanent magnet embedded type rotor according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 (b)] is a schematic sectional view showing a permanent magnet embedded type rotor according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 (c)] is a schematic sectional view showing a permanent magnet embedded type rotor according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic sectional view showing a permanent magnet embedded rotor according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 (e) is a schematic sectional view showing a permanent magnet embedded rotor according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 (a)] is a schematic sectional view showing a permanent magnet embedded rotor according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 (b) is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a permanent magnet embedded rotor according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 (a) is a partial cross-sectional view showing an apparatus for compression-molding a permanent-magnet embedded rotor of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 (b)] is a perspective view showing an upper punch assembly in the compression molding apparatus of FIG. 8 (a).
- FIG. 8 (c) is a perspective view showing a state where the upper punch assembly of FIG. 8 (b) is disassembled into an upper punch for forming a bonding portion and an upper punch for forming a soft magnetic portion.
- FIG. 10 (a) is a schematic sectional view showing a permanent magnet embedded type rotor of Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 10 (b) is a schematic diagram showing a distribution of tensile stress when the embedded permanent magnet rotor of FIG. 10 (a) is deformed.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing a relationship between an exposure rate of an end face of a bonded magnet portion and a residual stress at the end face.
- FIG. 12 (a) is a schematic sectional view showing a permanent magnet embedded rotor of Comparative Example 2.
- FIG. 12 (b) is a schematic diagram showing a distribution of tensile stress when the embedded permanent magnet rotor of FIG. 12 (a) is deformed.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing the relationship between the thickness of the thinnest portion of the soft magnetic portion and the residual stress there.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a rotating machine having the permanent magnet embedded type rotor of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a graph showing the relationship between the generated torque (normalized) and the electrical angle of the rotating machine of Embodiment 6.
- FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view showing a conventional surface magnet type permanent magnet motor (SPM).
- SPM surface magnet type permanent magnet motor
- FIG. 17 is a sectional view showing a conventional permanent magnet motor with embedded magnets (IPM).
- the composition of the magnet powder is not limited, for example, an Sm-Co-based magnet powder containing a rare earth element mainly composed of Sm and a transition metal mainly composed of Co; At least one kind), T (transition metal mainly composed of Fe), RTB-based magnet powder mainly composed of B, rare earth element mainly composed of Sm, and T (transition metal mainly composed of Fe) And RTN-based magnet powder containing N as a basic component, and a mixture thereof.
- the magnet powder may be isotropic or anisotropic.
- the magnetic flux is short-circuited inside the rotor, so if the residual magnetic flux density Br force is less than 4 T, for example, like a ferrite bonded magnet, sufficient magnetic flux cannot be obtained on the rotor surface. . Therefore, it is preferable to use rare-earth bonded magnets with Br ⁇ 0.4 T and coercive force Hcj ⁇ 600 kA / m.
- the soft magnetic powder atomized iron powder, Fe-Co powder, Fe-based nanocrystalline magnetic powder and the like are preferable.
- the soft magnetic powder preferably has an electric conductivity of 20 kS / m or less, a Bm of 1.4 T or more, and a He of 800 A / m or less.
- the eddy current loss can be reduced to substantially the same level as the insulating laminate of a silicon steel sheet. If Bm is less than 1.4 T, sufficient magnetic flux cannot be obtained. If He exceeds 800 A / m, the hysteresis loss during motor rotation is remarkable, and the motor efficiency is extremely low.
- the average particle diameter of the magnet powder is preferably 50 to 200 m, and the average particle diameter of the soft magnetic powder is preferably 1 to 50 m, which is smaller than the average particle diameter of the magnet powder. Since the particle diameters of the magnet powder and the soft magnetic powder are different, the adhesion strength between the bonded magnet portion and the soft magnetic portion is increased, and cracks can be further suppressed.
- the average particle size of the magnet powder is more preferably 80-150 m, and the average particle size of the soft magnetic powder is more preferably 5-30 / zm.
- thermosetting resin such as an epoxy resin, a phenol resin, a urea resin, a melamine resin, and a thermosetting polyester resin is preferable.
- the binder is preferably 115 parts by mass, more preferably 114 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the magnetic powder. Further, based on 100 parts by mass of the soft magnetic powder, 0.1 to 3 parts by mass is preferable, and 0.5 to 2 parts by mass is more preferable. If the binder content is too low, the mechanical strength of the resulting rotor is significantly lower. When the content of the binder is too large, the magnetic properties of the obtained rotor are extremely low.
- IPM rotors utilize reluctance torque and can produce better motor output than SPM rotors.
- reluctance torque when used, an excessive alternating magnetic field is applied to the yoke of the rotor, so that the eddy current loss becomes remarkable.
- the peripheral side surface of the rotor of the present invention needs to be covered with a thin soft magnetic portion.
- the electric conductivity of the soft magnetic portion is preferably 20 kS / m or less.
- the IPM type rotor prevents soft magnetic flux between the bonded magnet portion and the peripheral surface to prevent short-circuit of magnetic flux. It is preferable to make the active part thin.
- a rotor having a structure in which a magnet is inserted into an opening of a soft magnetic portion such as a silicon steel plate the silicon steel plate between the magnet and the peripheral side surface cannot be made too thin in order to secure mechanical strength.
- the thickness of the thin portion has a large degree of freedom in designing the thin portion, and the thickness of the thin portion is limited.
- the thickness of the thinnest portion of the soft magnetic portion (between the outer surface of the bonded magnet portion and the peripheral side surface of the rotor) is preferably in the range of 0.3 to 1.5 mm.
- FIG. 1A shows a permanent magnet embedded type rotor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- an arc-shaped bonded magnet portion 1 whose central portion lb is thicker than an end portion la is embedded in a soft magnetic portion 2 and adjacent bonded magnet portions 1 and 1 so that no magnetic flux short-circuit occurs between magnetic poles.
- the central portion lb is sufficiently thicker than the end portion la so as to secure the magnetic force by increasing the thickness of the bond magnet portion 1 in the magnetization direction.
- a rotating shaft 3 that is in close contact with the soft magnetic part 2 is provided.
- the exposure rate of the end face lc is preferably 2% or less.
- FIG. 1 (b) shows the distribution of tensile stress when the rotor of FIG. 1 (a) is deformed.
- the amount of displacement is expanded 2000 times.
- Fig. 1 (b) Force As is evident, the part where the stress is strongest is the exposed end face lc of the magnet.
- the bonded magnet section 1 is preferably arranged such that the rotor has an even number of magnetic poles of 412. It is preferable that the arc-shaped bonded magnet portion 1 be continuous in an annular shape, since the area ratio of the end face (magnetic pole surface) lc of the bonded magnet portion 1 is increased, the amount of magnetic flux is increased, and a reluctance effect is obtained.
- FIG. 2 (a) shows a permanent magnet embedded rotor according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the end face lc of the arc-shaped bonded magnet part 1 is not exposed on the peripheral side face 4, and the thinnest part 2a of the soft magnetic part 2 between the end face lc of the bonded magnet part 1 and the peripheral side face 4 is as thin as 0.3 to 1.5 mm. .
- the part where the tensile stress is the strongest in this rotor is the thinnest part 2a of the soft magnetic part 2.
- FIG. 3 (a) shows a rotor having a structure in which a bonded magnet portion 1 having a rectangular axial cross-sectional shape is embedded in a soft magnetic portion 2 with a gap between end portions la.
- Fig. 3 (b) shows the distribution of the bow I tension stress when the rotor in Fig. 3 (a) is deformed. The bow I tensile stress is applied to the thinnest portion 2a of the soft magnetic portion 2 between the end portion 1a of the bonded magnet portion 1 and the peripheral side surface 4.
- FIG. 4 (a) shows a rotor having a structure in which a sector-shaped bonded magnet portion 1 is embedded in a soft magnetic portion 2.
- the bond magnet portion 1 has a cross-sectional shape having an arc-shaped side along the peripheral side surface 4 of the rotor and a linear base.
- FIG. 4 (b) shows the distribution of tensile stress when the rotor of FIG. 4 (a) is deformed. As is clear from FIG. 4 (b), the I-tensile stress is applied most to the thin portion 2a of the soft magnetic portion 2 between the bonded magnet portion 1 and the peripheral side surface 4.
- FIG. 5 (a) shows a permanent magnet embedded rotor according to yet another embodiment of the present invention in which each magnetic pole is formed by a plurality of bent bond magnet portions 1A, 1B
- FIG. 5 (b) shows a permanent magnet embedded rotor according to still another embodiment of the present invention, in which each magnetic pole is formed by a plurality of arc-shaped bonded magnet portions 1A, IB, 1C.
- a rotor with a layered bond magnet as shown in Figs. 5 (a) and 5 (b) generates a larger reluctance torque than a rotor with a single-layer bond magnet as shown in Fig. 1. Can be done.
- FIGS. 6 (a) to 6 (e) each show a permanent magnet embedded type rotor according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
- Each rotor has a thinnest portion 2a of the soft magnetic portion 2 between the bonded magnet portion 1 and the peripheral side surface 4 of the rotor.
- Reference numeral 37 in FIG. 6 (c) indicates a hole, and reference numeral 2b in FIG. 6 (d) indicates a non-magnetic material.
- FIG. 7 (a) and FIG. 7 (b) show a permanent magnet embedded rotor according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
- Each rotor has the thinnest portion 2a of the soft magnetic portion 2 between the bonded magnet portion 1 and the peripheral side surface 4 of the rotor.
- Reference numeral 2b indicates a non-magnetic material.
- the thickness of the thinnest portion of the soft magnetic portion between the bonded magnet portion and the peripheral side surface of the rotor is in the range of 0.3 to 1.5 mm. It is preferably within. If the thickness of the thinnest part is less than 0.3 mm, it is not only difficult to form, but residual stress will concentrate on the thinnest part, and cracks will occur in the rotor. If the thinnest part exceeds 1.5 mm, the magnetic flux will be short-circuited at the thinnest part, and the magnetic properties of the rotor will deteriorate. It has been found that the preferred thickness of the thinnest portion hardly depends on the shape of the bonded magnet portion. It is practically preferable that the outer diameter of the rotor is about 15 to 150 mm.
- the density of the rotor compacted at a high pressure of 500-1000 MPa is, for example, 5.5-6.0 for the RTB-based bonded magnet.
- the RTN based bonded magnet part is 5.4- 6.0 Mg / m 3
- the soft magnetic part of Fe powder is 6.0- 6.5MgZm 3.
- the embedded permanent magnet rotor of the present invention can be manufactured by the following three methods.
- Magnet powder Z A pre-formed body of thermosetting binder is placed in a mold, and a compound mainly composed of soft magnetic powder and thermosetting binder is supplied into the mold to prepare Forming, then applying a pressure greater than the preforming pressure to integrate and finally cure.
- a preform of magnet powder Z thermosetting binder and a preform of soft magnetic powder Z thermosetting binder are separately formed, and both preforms are combined and placed in a mold. Then, apply pressure higher than the preforming pressure to integrate and finally cure.
- thermosetting binder is placed in a mold, and a compound mainly composed of the magnet powder and the thermosetting binder is supplied into the mold to prepare a preform. Forming, then applying a pressure greater than the preforming pressure to integrate and finally cure.
- method (1) is the most preferred because of the high adhesion between the bonded magnet portion and the soft magnetic portion. preferable. Therefore, the production method of the present invention will be described in detail mainly on the method (1), but this description can be applied as it is to the other methods (2) and (3) as long as there is no contradiction.
- a magnet powder compound mainly composed of a magnet powder (particularly a rare earth magnet powder) and a binder, and a soft magnetic powder compound mainly composed of a soft magnetic powder and a binder are produced.
- An antioxidant and a lubricant may be added to each compound.
- a stabilizer, a molding aid and the like may be added to the compound.
- the antioxidant prevents oxidation of the magnet powder and the soft magnetic powder to prevent the magnetic properties of these powders from deteriorating, improves the thermal stability of the compound during kneading and molding, and reduces the amount of the binder. It is possible to maintain good moldability even in the amount.
- Antioxidants include, for example, metal ions such as tocopherol, amine compounds, amino acid compounds, nitrocarboxylic acids, hydrazine conjugates, cyanide conjugates, sulphide sulfides, etc.
- a chelating agent that produces a compound can be used.
- Lubricants improve the fluidity of the compound during kneading and molding, so that good moldability can be maintained even with a small amount of binder.
- fatty acids such as stearic acid or metal salts thereof, silicone oil, various waxes and the like can be used.
- the compression molding apparatus 10 includes a mold 11, upper and lower punches 13 and 13 ′ for compression molding the bonded magnet portion 1 held therein, and upper and lower punches 14 and 14 ′ for compression molding the soft magnetic portion 2.
- This is a so-called double-acting press having a core pin 15 forming an opening at the center of the molded body.
- FIG. 8 (b) shows an assembly 16 of the upper punches 13 and 14, and FIG. 8 (c) shows an upper punch 13 (for forming the bond magnet portion 1) and an upper punch 14 (soft (For molding the magnetic part 2).
- An assembly (not shown) of the lower punches 13 ′ and 14 ′ has basically the same structure as the upper punch assembly 16.
- the compression molding apparatus 10 has four upper punches 13 and four lower punches 13 ′ corresponding to the four bond magnet units 1.
- the upper punch 14 has a cylindrical shape having four openings 14a corresponding to the upper punch 13.
- a tapered portion is provided above the mold cavity to suppress the occurrence of sudden springback, the surface roughness of the cavity is reduced to reduce frictional resistance, and a lubricant or the like is used to reduce frictional resistance. By doing so, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of cracks in the rotor due to springback.
- the lower punch 13 ' is lowered to form a cavity for forming a bonded magnet portion, and 100 parts by mass of magnet powder having an average particle size of 50-200 ⁇ m and 115 parts by mass of a binder made of thermosetting resin are added thereto. Supply the main magnetic powder compound 17.
- the magnet powder compound 17 is preformed at a pressure of, for example, 200 MPa to form the bonded magnet portion 1 thicker than the target thickness of the rotor.
- the lower punch 14 ' is lowered to the position of the lower punch 13' to form a cavity for forming the soft magnetic part 2, in which 100 parts by mass of soft magnetic powder having an average particle diameter of 1 to 50 m and thermosetting. Filling with soft magnetic powder compound 18 mainly composed of 0.3-2 parts by mass of binder made of resin.
- the upper punch 14 is lowered to the same position as the upper punch 13, and the soft magnetic powder compound 18 is preformed to form the soft magnetic portion 2.
- the soft magnetic portion 2 comes into close contact with the bonded magnet portion 1.
- the bonded magnet part 1 and the soft magnetic part 2 are fully molded at a pressure higher than the preforming pressure (for example, 1000 MPa), and the bonded magnet part 1 and the soft magnetic part 2 are integrated. I'll make you very.
- the preforming pressure for example, 1000 MPa
- both Can finally be made uniform in thickness.
- anisotropic magnet powder a magnetic field is applied at least during the main molding.
- the preforming of the magnet powder compound 17 and the soft magnetic powder compound 18 can be performed at room temperature. It may be heated up to around 120 ° C to increase the packing density!
- the lower punches 13 ′ and 14 ′ are raised, and the molded body is taken out of the molding apparatus 10.
- the obtained molded body is heated to a temperature of 250 ° C. or less and cured.
- the rotating shaft 3 is integrally mounted on the molded body and magnetized to obtain a permanent magnet yoke-integrated rotor.
- the magnet powder compound 17 and the soft magnetic powder compound 18 are supplied into a single device, and the preforming and the main molding are performed sequentially, so that the bonding and assembling steps are not required.
- a permanent magnet embedded rotor having a structure in which the bonded magnet portion 1 is completely surrounded by the soft magnetic portion 2 can be obtained at low cost.
- the pressure bonding strength between the bonded magnet part 1 and the soft magnetic part 2 can be increased.
- the bonding strength between the bonded magnet portion 1 and the soft magnetic portion 2 is 10 MPa or more in terms of shear stress, and further 15 MPa or more.
- Bonded magnet part is preformed by magnet powder compound mainly composed of magnet powder with average particle size of 50-200 ⁇ m and binder made of thermosetting resin, and soft magnetism with average particle size force S1-50 m Soft magnetic powder compound mainly consisting of binder composed of powder and thermosetting resin
- the soft magnetic portion is separately preformed, the bonded magnet portion and the soft magnetic portion are combined in a mold, integrated with a pressure higher than the preforming pressure, and finally thermoset.
- This method does not require complicated operation of the core pin, so that the molding time is greatly reduced.
- the compression strength between the bonded magnet and the soft magnetic part is 5 MPa or more as a shear stress, and further 5.5 MPa or more.
- the magnet powder compound is supplied.
- the rotor obtained by this method has low crimp strength between the bonded magnet and the soft magnetic part, it does not need to hold the preformed body in the cavity, so it is effective for forming an extremely thin bonded magnet. is there.
- a rotor having the rotating shaft integrated by one compression molding can be obtained.
- a plurality of cavities for a magnet powder compound are formed in a mold in a radial direction so that each magnetic pole is formed by a plurality of bonded magnet portions, and a low electric power is formed around them.
- a soft magnetic powder compound having a high conductivity is supplied, a rotor having reduced eddy current loss due to high electric resistance can be obtained.
- a plurality of surface-coated magnets are assembled by bonding to form each magnetic pole, so that the number of steps is large and the manufacturing cost is high.
- the bonded magnet part and the soft magnetic part can be manufactured integrally, so that the number of steps is small and the manufacturing cost is low.
- the method of the present invention is particularly suitable for manufacturing a rotor for a large motor.
- the rotor of Comparative Example 1 (a crack may occur) shown in FIG. 10 (a) has a cross-sectional shape that also has a force with the bond magnet portion 1 and the soft magnetic portion 2, and the bond magnet portion 1 has a rotor shape.
- the convex arc shape is connected to the center side of the ring.
- the connecting end of the bonded magnet unit 1 is exposed on the peripheral side surface of the rotor.
- a magnet powder compound was prepared by adding 3 parts by weight of epoxy resin (binder) to 100 parts by weight of magnet powder, and 1.1 parts by weight of epoxy resin was added to 100 parts by weight of soft magnetic powder. Thus, a soft magnetic powder compound was produced. Powdered calcium stearate as lubricant
- the obtained rotor had an outer diameter of 50 mm and an axial length of 100 mm, and the thickness of the bonded magnet portion 1 was 5 mm.
- the ratio of the width (exposure ratio) of each exposed end face lc to the entire circumference of the rotor where the exposed end face of the bonded magnet part 1 is wide was 3.8%.
- Fig. 8 (b) shows the distribution of bow I tension stress when the rotor in Fig. 8 (a) is deformed.
- the part where the bow I tensile stress was highest was the exposed end face lc of the bonded magnet part 1, where the tensile stress was 200 MPa.
- an arc-shaped bonded magnet portion 1 having the thickest central portion of 5 mm and the thinnest end portion of 1 mm is buried in the soft magnetic portion 2 and has a gap between the magnetic poles.
- the exposure ratio of the exposed end face lc of the bonded magnet portion 1 was 0.6%.
- the part where the tensile stress was strongest was the exposed end face lc of the bonded magnet part 1, and the tensile stress in that part was 2 MPa.
- FIG. 11 shows the relationship between the exposure rate and the maximum residual stress at the exposed end face. Since the tensile strength of the soft magnetic part 2 is about 25 MPa, it can be seen that if the residual stress is designed to be about 20 MPa or less, the exposure ratio should be 2% or less.
- a rotor having a bonded magnet portion 1 and a soft magnetic portion 2 and a cut portion 7 provided at an end of the bonded magnet portion 1 was designed.
- the outer diameter of the rotor was 50 mm, and the thickness of the bonded magnet part 1 was 5 mm.
- the bonded magnet portion 1 had a rectangular axial cross-sectional shape, and each end face lc was exposed at the cut portion 7.
- the exposure rate of each end face lc of the bonded magnet part 1 was 3.5%.
- the exposure rate of each end face lc is a ratio of the length of each exposed face lc of the bonded magnet portion 1 to the entire length of the outer circumference including the length of the cut portion 7 in FIG.
- the portion where the bow I tensile stress is the strongest is the exposed end face lc of the bonded magnet part 1, and the bow I tensile stress at that portion was 183 MPa.
- the end face lc of the bonded magnet part 1 is not exposed on the peripheral side face 4, and the thinnest part 2a of the soft magnetic part 2 between the end face lc of the bonded magnet part 1 and the peripheral side face 4 is as thin as 0.3 mm.
- the tensile stress at the thinnest part 2a where the tensile stress is strongest was 19 MPa.
- the soft magnetic part 2 is separated into the inner peripheral side and the outer peripheral side by the bond magnet part 1, and the outer peripheral side soft magnetic part 2 expands freely. Therefore, it was expected that the residual stress would be alleviated, but in fact, the rotor with the shape shown in Fig. 2 (a) could suppress cracks.
- FIG. 13 shows the relationship between the thickness of the thinnest portion 2a and the maximum residual stress there. Since the tensile strength of the soft magnetic part 2 is about 25 MPa, if the residual stress is designed to be about 20 MPa or less, the thinnest part 2a needs to be 0.3 mm or more. However, if the thickness force of the thinnest portion 2a exceeds 5 mm, short-circuit of magnetic flux in the thinnest portion 2a is remarkable, so the thickness of the thinnest portion 2a must be 1.5 mm or less.
- FIG. 3A shows a rotor having a structure in which a bonded magnet portion 1 having a rectangular axial cross-sectional shape is embedded in a soft magnetic portion 2 with a gap between ends la.
- the outer diameter of the rotor was 50 mm
- the thickness of the bonded magnet part 1 was 5 mm
- the width was 25 mm.
- the thickness of the thinnest part 2a of the soft magnetic part 2 was 1.3 mm.
- Fig. 3 (b) shows the distribution of tensile stress when the rotor of Fig. 3 (a) is deformed. The portion where the tensile stress was applied most was the thinnest portion 2a of the yoke, and the tensile stress at that portion was 11 MPa.
- FIG. 4 (a) shows a rotor having a structure in which a bonded magnet part 1 having a cross-sectional shape having an arc-shaped side and a linear base along the outer periphery of the rotor is entirely embedded in a soft magnetic part 2. .
- rotation The outer diameter of the armature was 50 mm, the maximum width of the bonded magnet part 1 was 7 mm, and the length of the base was 35 mm.
- the soft magnetic portion 2 outside the bonded magnet portion 1 was a thin portion 2a having a thickness of 1 mm.
- Fig. 4 (b) shows the distribution of tensile stress when the rotor in Fig. 4 (a) is deformed. The portion where the tensile stress was applied most was the thin portion 2a of the soft magnetic portion 2, and the tensile stress at that portion was 11 MPa.
- the rotor having the same shape as shown in Fig. 1 (a) was manufactured by the following three methods (a)-(c).
- the magnet powder compound was obtained by adding 3 parts by mass of epoxy resin and 0.5 parts by mass of calcium stearate to 100 parts by mass of magnet powder.
- the soft magnetic powder compound was obtained by adding 1.1 parts by weight of epoxy resin and 0.5 parts by weight of calcium stearate to 100 parts by weight of soft magnetic powder.
- the preforming pressure was 200 MPa, and the preforming temperature was room temperature.
- the integral molding pressure was 1000 MPa.
- the curing process is performed by heating to 170 ° C for 2 hours, then to room temperature for 30 minutes And cooled.
- a preform of the magnet powder Z-binding material and a preform of the soft magnetic powder Z-binding material are separately formed, and both preforms are combined and arranged in a mold, and the preforming pressure is set.
- (C) Soft Magnetic Powder A pre-formed body of the Z binder is placed in a mold, and a compound mainly composed of a magnet powder and a binder is supplied into the mold and pre-formed, and then pre-formed. A method of applying pressure greater than pressure to integrate and finally cure.
- a bonded magnet portion and a soft magnetic portion were partially cut out from each of the obtained rotors, and their magnetic properties were evaluated.
- Br ⁇ 0.6 T and Hcj ⁇ 700 kA / m and in the soft magnetic part, Bm ⁇ 1.4 T and Hc ⁇ 800 A / m.
- the tensile strength of the interface between the bonded magnet part and the soft magnetic part was measured with a small test piece according to JIS-K7113 as the pressure bonding strength between the bonded magnet part and the soft magnetic part. Table 2 shows the results.
- FIG. 14 shows a rotating machine incorporating the embedded permanent magnet rotor of the first embodiment.
- the rotor is surrounded by a soft magnetic material with an electric conductivity of 20 kS / m or less.
- A is
- FIG. 2 shows a magnetic circuit that generates magnet torque
- A shows a magnetic circuit that generates reluctance torque
- a magnet containing 100 parts by weight of isotropic Nd-Fe-B-based magnet powder and 2 parts by weight of epoxy resin Using a soft magnetic powder compound containing 100 parts by weight of powdered compound and pure iron powder coated with an insulating film and 2 parts by weight of epoxy resin, under a preforming pressure of 200 MPa and a main forming pressure of 1000 MPa, A rotor was manufactured by the method shown in FIG. The curing treatment was performed by heating to 170 ° C for 2 hours, and cooled to room temperature in 30 minutes. The obtained permanent magnet embedded rotor was provided with a rotating shaft, and was magnetized almost in the thickness direction of the bonded magnet portion.
- Figure 15 shows the relationship between the normalized electrical torque and the electrical angle.
- the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet crosses the stator coil to generate rotational torque, so the central angles of torque generation are 90 ° and 270 ° in electrical angle.
- the rotor of the present invention also generates reluctance torque, it can be seen that the center angle of the maximum torque generation has moved to approximately 100 ° and 280 °.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN2004800057377A CN1757148B (zh) | 2004-04-06 | 2004-12-07 | 转子及其制造方法 |
US10/549,043 US7981359B2 (en) | 2004-04-06 | 2004-12-07 | Rotor and process for manufacturing the same |
EP04821898A EP1734637A4 (en) | 2004-04-06 | 2004-12-07 | ROTOR AND PROCESS FOR ITS MANUFACTURE |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004-112150 | 2004-04-06 | ||
JP2004112150A JP2005020991A (ja) | 2003-06-04 | 2004-04-06 | 回転子およびその製造方法 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2005101614A1 true WO2005101614A1 (ja) | 2005-10-27 |
Family
ID=35150293
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2004/018221 WO2005101614A1 (ja) | 2004-04-06 | 2004-12-07 | 回転子及びその製造方法 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7981359B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1734637A4 (ja) |
CN (2) | CN1757148B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005101614A1 (ja) |
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DE102005049541A1 (de) * | 2005-10-17 | 2007-04-19 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Rotor für eine elektrische Maschine |
EP1995848A4 (en) * | 2006-03-01 | 2016-11-23 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | JOINT INTEGRATED TIED MAGNET AND MAGNETIC ROTATOR FOR A MOTOR THEREFOR |
WO2007141489A2 (en) * | 2006-06-02 | 2007-12-13 | Nexxtdrive Limited | Magnetic core of an electric machine having anisotropic material embedded in isotropic material |
WO2007141489A3 (en) * | 2006-06-02 | 2008-01-31 | Nexxtdrive Ltd | Magnetic core of an electric machine having anisotropic material embedded in isotropic material |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN1757148A (zh) | 2006-04-05 |
CN1757148B (zh) | 2010-05-26 |
EP1734637A4 (en) | 2010-11-03 |
CN101777809A (zh) | 2010-07-14 |
EP1734637A1 (en) | 2006-12-20 |
US7981359B2 (en) | 2011-07-19 |
US20060170301A1 (en) | 2006-08-03 |
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