WO2005098750A1 - Procede d'extraction de donnees brutes d'une image resultant d'une prise de vue - Google Patents
Procede d'extraction de donnees brutes d'une image resultant d'une prise de vue Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005098750A1 WO2005098750A1 PCT/FR2005/000678 FR2005000678W WO2005098750A1 WO 2005098750 A1 WO2005098750 A1 WO 2005098750A1 FR 2005000678 W FR2005000678 W FR 2005000678W WO 2005098750 A1 WO2005098750 A1 WO 2005098750A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N5/00—Details of television systems
- H04N5/222—Studio circuitry; Studio devices; Studio equipment
- H04N5/262—Studio circuits, e.g. for mixing, switching-over, change of character of image, other special effects ; Cameras specially adapted for the electronic generation of special effects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T3/00—Geometric image transformation in the plane of the image
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/64—Circuits for processing colour signals
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of extracting raw data from an image resulting from a shooting.
- It relates more particularly, but not exclusively, to a method of presenting data extracted from an image at a desired viewing angle, from a digital image taken by a photographic or cinematographic camera integrated or not in a communication device under any impact.
- Such a process is particularly suitable for the transmission of textual and / or graphic information taken by a camera fitted to a portable communication terminal such as, for example, a cellular radio transmitter / receiver.
- the value Ns corresponds to the noise elimination threshold. It turns out that this threshold is difficult to obtain using a conventional histogram technique which does not give satisfactory results.
- this threshold value does not always completely eliminate either grid lines or noise because the non-predictive image contrast varies as diffuse saturation and as veiled image surfaces due to random lighting conditions .
- the Applicant has already proposed a solution consisting in extracting identifiable contextual data present in the image taken by the camera and in correcting the raw or extracted data delivered by the camera using this contextual data. , the corrected data then being stored in memory and / or transmitted to a recipient in order to be displayed for reading purposes.
- the contextual data used to correct the raw data may relate to a pattern (physical contour, traced or printed) existing initially in the document or previously reported, certain parameters of which are previously known.
- the correction process can then include the following steps:
- the step of searching for the pattern is then obtained by a first search sequence comprising: • the detection of the borders present in the image, "the extraction of the borders whose length exceeds a predetermined value, and" the detection of the delimited areas by the borders found whose area is sufficient (greater than a predetermined value) and not touching the edge of the image.
- this process includes a calculation step intended to determine the main axis of the area, to find a point external to the area on said main axis, the construction of an external cone from the external point, the extraction of the points of the border whose external normal opposes the vector joining it and starting from the external point, the calculation of the line carried by the principal axis of the extracted points, when the four lines are found, the calculation of the four vertices of the quadrilateral from the four straight lines, then, when the area of the quadrilateral is close to the area of the area, the calculation of the homography deforming the quadrilateral into a rectangle with pre-established proportions.
- the text part written in an image generally does not include more than 20% of the pixels of this image so that the remaining 80% of pixels in the image are of no interest.
- the invention therefore aims in particular to solve these problems.
- this threshold value can be used as a gradient threshold to search for the pattern in a way reduce the need for processing at the single step of pattern search.
- each color component of the image must be considered to calculate a single threshold for extracting color information.
- the invention proposes a method for extracting raw data from an image resulting from a shooting, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
- V 0 [C, L] ⁇ Red [C, L] + ⁇ Nert [C, L] + ⁇ Blue [C, L]
- V N + i [C, L] ⁇ or m ⁇ (cl ir / dark background)) ⁇ N J- L ]
- the background value N Fo nd can also be determined using an operating sequence comprising the following steps: the generation of an image N ⁇ + i . four times smaller than N ⁇ including the calculation for each point of the image of a value N ⁇ + i [C, L] which is the maximum (dark data on a light background) or the minimum (light data on a dark background ) between a local average of N ⁇ centered at the point
- the raw data D [C, L] is generally affected by a perspective deformation due to the arbitrary position of the camera in front of the support.
- a known geometric contextual data extraction method makes it possible to correct the perspective distortion of the extracted raw data.
- these extracted raw data are also affected by light and / or electronic noise which can be eliminated by thresholding as follows:
- the threshold value Ns is a contextual noise datum used to correct the raw data D [C, L]. It can be calculated using a method based on the probability q that any regional maximum of the raw data contains noise. In the case of dark information on a light background, this process includes following operating phases (the specific provisions for finding clear information on a dark background being indicated in brackets):
- Ns r.
- the threshold value Ns can also be calculated according to the following method:
- a first step of calculating the hollow histogram H_creux comprising the following operating phases: a) for each pixel p of the image I, we carry out: i. for each direction d with 0 ⁇
- a second step of calculating the histogram of bumps H_bosse comprising the following operating phases: a) for each pixel p of the image I, we carry out: i. for each direction d with 0 ⁇
- S (p) maximum value of G (p, d) for all directions d with 0 ⁇
- ⁇ D as before, as an alternative to this calculation of S (p), we can replace the value S (p) by a value D (p) (light / dark background) which corresponds to the raw data b) we calculate the maximum value bumps S_bosse_max which is equal to the maximum value of S (p) for all pixels pc) we initialize to 0 the histogram of bumps H_bosse (s) for each s between 0 and the maximum value of bumps S bumps max d ) for each pixel p of the image S (p) the following calculations are carried out: i. if S (p) is a regional maximum, H_bump (S (p)) is incremented as follows: H_bosse (S (p)) ⁇ - H bump (S (p)) + 1
- Ns r. S m in + (l - r). S max where l / 2 ⁇ r ⁇ l
- step b) of the method for extracting raw data via the calculation of S (p) it is noted when iterating a large number of times step b) of the method for extracting raw data via the calculation of S (p), that the threshold values calculated using the two methods described above do not not allow effective correction of the extracted raw data.
- the process of extracting the contextual noise data may include the following steps:
- Ns r. S min + (1-r). S max , with 1/2 ⁇ r ⁇ 1
- the process of extracting the contextual raw data Ns may include the following steps:
- a first step of calculating the histogram of troughs H_creux comprising the following operating phases: a) the maximum value of the troughs S_creux max which is equal to the maximum value of D (p) for all the pixels p is calculated, D being the image of the dark raw data on a light background extracted b) we initialize at O the histogram of hollows H_hollow for each value of s between O and the maximum value of the hollows S_creux_max c) for each pixel p of the image D ( p), if D (p) is a regional maximum, H_creux D (p) is incremented as follows: H_creux (D (p)) - H_creux (D (p)) + 1
- a second step of calculating the histogram of bumps H_bosse comprising the following operating phases: a) the maximum value of the bumps S_bosse_max is calculated which is equal to the maximum value of D (p) for all the pixels p, D being here the image of the raw light data on a dark background b) the histogram of bumps H_bump (s) for each s between 0 and the maximum value of the bumps S max bumps c) is initialized to 0 D (p) we carry out the following calculations if D (p) is a regional maximum we increment H_bosse D (p)) in the following way: H_bump (D (p)) ⁇ - H_bump (D (p)) + 1
- the invention proposes to determine the actual height / width ratio. of the quadrilateral formed by four identified points of a pattern present in the image of a contour which is used to determine the contextual data of the image and this, so as to be able to reconstitute a document having the same proportions.
- the Applicant proposes a method of presenting information extracted from an image of the aforementioned type at a desired viewing angle, from an image taken by a camera under any incidence, this method comprising:
- This process is characterized in that in order to obtain an image containing the extracted data having the same proportions as the object, it includes determining the actual height / width ratio of the quadrilateral defined by the above points and taking into account of this ratio r in the generation of the corrected image.
- the ratio r is equal to the ratio of the lengths of the adjacent sides of the quadrilateral.
- the calculation of reverse homography may include a precalculation by reverse homography of the rows and columns of each pixel of the ideal mask. It will then be possible to deduce the position of a given pixel in the initial image by calculating the intersection of two lines.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the taking of a document by a camera , this representation making it possible to show the main parameters used in the method according to the invention;
- Figure 2 is a projection of the view shown in Figure 1 in the plane of the document image
- FIG. 3 is a projection of the type of that of Figure 2 but in which one of the two vanishing points is projected to infinity;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram relating to the characterization of the interior of a quadrilateral;
- FIG. 5 illustrates a projective geometric invariant
- FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of the operating steps of an image processing process according to the invention with a view to obtaining a corrected image;
- Figures 7 to 11 are diagrams to illustrate the calculations made in accordance with the process illustrated in Figure 6;
- FIG. 12 shows an example of a pair of hollow H and H bump histograms in a logarithmic coordinate system
- Figure 13 is a schematic representation for showing the main geometric parameters of a camera
- FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating the principle of construction of a " rectangular pattern having a prescribed physical aspect ratio, in the case of the absence of a vanishing point.
- the original document to be taken using a camera is arranged horizontally on a flat support.
- the camera is placed above the plane of the support and therefore of the document, at a determined height, the axis of the camera which is oriented towards the document being oblique (here an angle of incidence of approximately 30 °).
- the image of the document taken by the camera is located in an image plane which extends perpendicular to the optical axis of the camera.
- the orthogonal projection of the optical center C of the camera in the plane of the support is called the base of the camera.
- the plane passing through point C which is parallel to the plane of the support constitutes the apparent horizon of the support.
- the pattern of a rectangle on the document DT gives at the level of the image a quadrilateral A, B, C, D (figure 2) d-have the segments DC and AB are carried by two straight lines (vanishing lines) intersecting in a point Fi while the segments DA and CB are carried by two lines (vanishing lines) intersecting at a point F 2 .
- the line carrying the FjF2 segment constitutes the horizon line.
- X is the camera base (projection of the optical center C in the document plane)
- Mi is the intersection of the lines (AD) and (FiX)
- Ni is the intersection of lines (BC) and (FiX)
- M 2 is the intersection of lines (AB) and (F 2 X)
- N 2 is the intersection of lines (CD) and (F 2 X)
- ⁇ is a positive constant representative of a conventional distance measured from point X on the axes (Fi, X) and (F 2 , X)
- i is the angle of incidence
- E is an ellipse of major axis parallel to (F X); its major axis has a length ⁇ / cos (i) and its minor axis has a length ⁇
- F is the orthogonal projection of the optical center O of the camera on the line (F ⁇ , F 2 )
- the operating sequence includes the following phases:
- dist (X, F) l - - 'dist (O, F)
- the invention also proposes a mode of reshaping the image making it possible to reduce the complexity of the homographic calculations which have been used hitherto in particular when “this image contains text.
- FIG. 6 illustrates the various stages of this mode of shaping which includes:
- the position of a point inside or outside a quadrilateral can be done according to the method illustrated in Figure 4.
- This figure shows in a reference plane of coordinates x, yun quadrilateral A ', B', C, D 'as well as, inside this quadrilateral, two points P and G of coordinates xp, yp and xo, yo.
- the G-spot can consist of the centroid of the quadrilateral A ', B', C, D 'or simply the center of its diagonals, eg * s segment center B'D.
- the segments A'B '- B'C - CD' and D'A ' are respectively carried by lines Di, D 2 , D 3 , D 4 .
- V i e 1, 2, 3, 4 ⁇ (ai. Xp + bi. Yp + ci). (ai. xo + bi. xo + ci)> 0
- FIG. 7 illustrates the principle of calculating the image of a point by homography.
- a quadrilateral Pi, P 2 _, P 3 , P 4 has been determined using the method described above (page) and a point of coordinates (u, v) located inside this quadrilateral.
- the point 0, if it exists, is the intersection of the lines (Pi, P 2 ) and (P 3 , P 4 ).
- the point Q is the intersection of the lines (Pi, P 4 ) and (P 2 , P 3 ).
- Point I is the intersection of the segments
- A, B, C and D are the images of these sub-pixels by direct homography ( Figure 10).
- A, B, C, D is therefore a quadrilateral.
- All the pixels contained in this rectangle are brought to the value "True” for example the value 1. This provides an ideal binary mask. It is then necessary to establish a mechanism for calculating the image of a point with coordinates of the form 1 1
- the images are precalculated by reverse homography of the rows and columns of the ideal mask. We then deduce the position of a given pixel in the original image by calculating the intersection of two lines (in this example, the two lines are (Ol) and (QJ)).
- (u, v) be a pixel of the ideal mask. Its position in the distorted initial image is calculated by the intersection of the precomputed inverse images of line v and column u. The point that is found is then called (x, y). It is then necessary to assign an intensity value to the pixel (u, v) which will be interpolated in the point (x, y) of the initial image. To carry out this operation, a bilinear interpolation is used for example.
- I (x, y) (yj) [(i + lx) I (i, j + l) + ( ⁇ -i) I (i + l, j + l)] + (j + ly) [(i + lx) I (I, j) + I (I + l, j)]
- the pixel (u, v) in the final image will therefore have the intensity I (x, y,) on the understanding that the gray levels are quantified in the final image.
- the image containing the extracted data corrected for noise can be calculated according to the subtractive principle.
- the factor f previously mentioned could advantageously be used to align the colors obtained with reference colors, presented for example on a test chart.
- the usual process of determining the threshold value Ns at which handwritten or printed information can be extracted from each pixel of the difference image D (p) has the following two drawbacks: - First, the probability q must be known experimentally for each camera module in order to perform an extraction d information from their images. This prevents information extracted from a image captured by an unknown camera module can be considered as reliable information (for example extracting information from an image received on a server to send it by fax to a recipient). - Then, it is compulsory to know in advance if the information is dark on a light background or vice versa.
- the invention therefore proposes an improvement of this method which makes it possible to avoid the two drawbacks mentioned above.
- This improvement makes it possible in particular to determine precisely the threshold value Ns at which the printed or handwritten information can be extracted from the difference image D (p) (analogous to D [C, L]) and to determine whether l information is dark on a light background or inversely clear on a dark background.
- the method according to the invention comprises the following steps, with reference to Figure 12:
- a first step of calculating the hollow histogram H_creux comprising the following operating phases: a) for each pixel p of the image I, we carry out: i. for each direction d with 0 ⁇ [d
- S (p) maximum value of G (p, d) for all directions d with 0 ⁇
- a second step of calculating the histogram of bumps H_bosse comprising the following operating phases: a) for each pixel p of the image I, we carry out: i. for each direction d with 0 ⁇
- Ns r. S min + (1 - r). S max where 1/2 ⁇ r ⁇ 1
- the invention also relates to the simulation of an image of a rectangle (A, B, C, CD
- the points must be consistent with the physical aspect ratio r of the pattern which must be projected on this new image and the position of the camera (focal length, tilt angle, rotation angle, yaw angle) which must be simulated.
- the calculation includes the following four operating phases:
Abstract
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Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN2005800166025A CN1957370B (zh) | 2004-03-23 | 2005-03-17 | 从照相机获取的图片中提取原始数据的方法 |
EP05742633A EP1730692A1 (fr) | 2004-03-23 | 2005-03-17 | Procede d'extraction de donnees brutes d'une image resultant d'une prise de vue |
JP2007504445A JP2007531094A (ja) | 2004-03-23 | 2005-03-17 | カメラ写真から得られる画像から原データを抽出する方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR0402960 | 2004-03-23 | ||
FR0402960A FR2868184B1 (fr) | 2004-03-23 | 2004-03-23 | Procede pour la presentation d'une image selon un angle de vue souhaite, a partir d'une image prise sous incidence quelconque |
FR0413047 | 2004-12-07 | ||
FR0413047A FR2868185B1 (fr) | 2004-03-23 | 2004-12-07 | Procede d'extraction de donnees brutes d'une image resultant d'une prise de vue |
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WO2005098750A1 true WO2005098750A1 (fr) | 2005-10-20 |
WO2005098750A8 WO2005098750A8 (fr) | 2006-12-21 |
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PCT/FR2005/000678 WO2005098750A1 (fr) | 2004-03-23 | 2005-03-17 | Procede d'extraction de donnees brutes d'une image resultant d'une prise de vue |
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US (2) | US7606439B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1730692A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2007531094A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20070008652A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2868185B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2005098750A1 (fr) |
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US7127271B1 (en) * | 2001-10-18 | 2006-10-24 | Iwao Fujisaki | Communication device |
JP2003331263A (ja) * | 2002-05-13 | 2003-11-21 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | カメラ画像−実空間座標対応付けマップ生成方法、カメラ画像−実空間座標対応付けマップ生成装置、プログラムおよび記録媒体 |
FR2840093B1 (fr) * | 2002-05-27 | 2006-02-10 | Real Eyes 3D | Procede de numerisation par camera avec correction de la deformation et amelioration de la resolution |
US7596286B2 (en) * | 2003-08-06 | 2009-09-29 | Sony Corporation | Image processing apparatus, image processing system, imaging apparatus and image processing method |
CN101015199B (zh) * | 2004-07-07 | 2011-10-19 | 日本电气株式会社 | 宽视野图像输入方法和装置 |
-
2004
- 2004-12-07 FR FR0413047A patent/FR2868185B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-03-17 KR KR1020067022013A patent/KR20070008652A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-03-17 JP JP2007504445A patent/JP2007531094A/ja active Pending
- 2005-03-17 EP EP05742633A patent/EP1730692A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-03-17 WO PCT/FR2005/000678 patent/WO2005098750A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2005-03-23 US US11/086,985 patent/US7606439B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2009
- 2009-10-19 US US12/581,197 patent/US20100033603A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
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US4752828A (en) * | 1983-05-11 | 1988-06-21 | Thomson Csf | Method for producing a geometrical transformation on a video image and devices for carrying out said method |
US20030048271A1 (en) * | 2001-09-07 | 2003-03-13 | Liess Martin Dieter | Image device having camera and image perspective correction and possibly rotation and staggering correction |
US20040022451A1 (en) * | 2002-07-02 | 2004-02-05 | Fujitsu Limited | Image distortion correcting method and apparatus, and storage medium |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20100033603A1 (en) | 2010-02-11 |
FR2868185B1 (fr) | 2006-06-30 |
FR2868185A1 (fr) | 2005-09-30 |
JP2007531094A (ja) | 2007-11-01 |
WO2005098750A8 (fr) | 2006-12-21 |
US7606439B2 (en) | 2009-10-20 |
KR20070008652A (ko) | 2007-01-17 |
EP1730692A1 (fr) | 2006-12-13 |
US20050212925A1 (en) | 2005-09-29 |
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