WO2005062798A2 - Base station interference control using timeslot resource management - Google Patents
Base station interference control using timeslot resource management Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005062798A2 WO2005062798A2 PCT/US2004/042509 US2004042509W WO2005062798A2 WO 2005062798 A2 WO2005062798 A2 WO 2005062798A2 US 2004042509 W US2004042509 W US 2004042509W WO 2005062798 A2 WO2005062798 A2 WO 2005062798A2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
- H04W52/24—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters
- H04W52/243—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters taking into account interferences
- H04W52/244—Interferences in heterogeneous networks, e.g. among macro and femto or pico cells or other sector / system interference [OSI]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
- H04W16/14—Spectrum sharing arrangements between different networks
- H04W16/16—Spectrum sharing arrangements between different networks for PBS [Private Base Station] arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
- H04W16/02—Resource partitioning among network components, e.g. reuse partitioning
- H04W16/10—Dynamic resource partitioning
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
- H04W88/08—Access point devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
- H04W84/04—Large scale networks; Deep hierarchical networks
- H04W84/042—Public Land Mobile systems, e.g. cellular systems
- H04W84/045—Public Land Mobile systems, e.g. cellular systems using private Base Stations, e.g. femto Base Stations, home Node B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
- H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
- H04W84/105—PBS [Private Base Station] network
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to radio or wireless communications and, more particularly, to interference control by use of timeslot management for pico/personal base stations integrated into conventional wireless networks.
- Background of the Invention [0003] In rolling out a conventional wireless carrier network, one of the primary considerations is the process of selecting and allocating frequency channels for all of the cellular base stations within the system.
- a key parameter in determining frequency reuse is the Carrier-to-interference (C/I) ratio, which measures the ratio of the power level of the radio frequency carrier to the power level of the interference signal in the channel.
- the C/I ratio helps to determine the maximum interference level that will still allow a cellular system configuration to provide an acceptable quality of service.
- C/I ratio helps to determine the maximum interference level that will still allow a cellular system configuration to provide an acceptable quality of service.
- a minimum of 12 frequencies is typically required to keep the quality of service within tolerable limits. For the GSM network, that means meeting or exceeding the GSM 9 db C/I ratio specification.
- one of several frequency planning strategies may be implemented.
- One strategy is to allocate new (unused) frequencies to the micro/pico cells, depending on the availability of unused frequencies in the carrier's inventory.
- the carrier may choose to share the same frequencies allocated to the existing macro cell network.
- a minimum of 9 to 12 frequencies is typically required to meet or exceed the GSM 9 db C/I quality of service specification for the micro/pico cell network.
- the reason for the reduced number of frequencies is that the micro or pico cells are deployed below the clutter height, which means a higher signal loss to more distant areas, effectively reducing the interference level.
- the superior frequency planning strategy would be to allocate new (unused) frequencies, in order to avoid interference from the more powerful outdoor macro stations, particularly in high rise structures.
- allocating new (unused) frequencies is a superior strategy (easier to implement) than sharing the frequencies with the macro- and micro cells when rolling out a new indoor network, it is not always feasible, for several reasons.
- most carriers do not own enough additional frequencies to implement I the unused frequency strategy.
- the only unused frequencies in a carrier bandwidth inventory are the two "guard" frequencies on the extreme ends of the carrier's licensed bandwidth.
- an ideal solution to their frequency planning problem would be a method or mechanism allowing the rollout of a GSM network of indoor pico or personal base stations that fulfills the following criteria: a) use of only one or two unused frequencies, preferably guard frequencies, b) satisfaction of the GSM 9 db C/I ratio qualify of service specification, and c) seamless integration with the carriers existing outdoor macro/micro network.
- Conventional Timeslot Allocation Management Conventional networks use time slot allocation management to help control mobile station interference within a single cell, rather than between cells.
- a base station or base station controller allocates time slots within channels to all of the mobile stations within its cell, ensuring that no two mobiles are transmitting or receiving signals within the same time slots, thereby avoiding any interference between mobile stations within a particular cell.
- the mobile station measures the signal strength or signal quality (based on the Bit Error Ratio), and passes the information to the Base Station Controller, which ultimately decides if and when the power level should be changed or a handover should be initiated.
- Conventional Channel Structure and Use of Timeslots Since radio spectrum is a limited resource shared by all users, a method must be devised to divide up the bandwidth among as many users as possible. The method chosen by GSM is a combination of Time and Frequency Division Multiple Access (TDMA/FDMA).
- the FDMA part involves division by frequency of the total MHz bandwidth into allocatable carrier frequencies of 200 kHz bandwidth.
- One or more carrier frequencies are then assigned to each base station.
- Each carrier frequency consists of 2 200 kHz channels separated by a duplex distance (e.g. 45 MHz in GSM 900).
- One frequency is used for the downlink (BTS ⁇ MS) and the other frequency is used for the uplink (MS ⁇ BTS).
- the pair of one 200 kHz channels is called a duplex channel.
- Each of these duplex channels is then divided in time, using a TDMA scheme, into eight time slots. Groups of eight consecutive time slots form TDMA frames, each with duration of 4.615 ms. Each time slot is a burst period (BP) during which a transmission burst of modulated bits is broadcast. One time slot is used for transmission by the mobile (uplink) and one for reception (downlink). They are separated in time so that the mobile unit does not receive and transmit at the same time, a fact that simplifies the electronics. [0013] The GSM BP lasts 15/26 milliseconds (ms) (or approximately 0.577ms).
- Eight burst periods are grouped into a TDMA frame (120/26ms, or approximately 4.615ms), which forms the basic unit for the definition of logical channels, an endlessly recurring cycle of BP time slot transmissions.
- Logical channels are defined by the number and position of their corresponding burst periods or time slots. The logical channels are used to exchange information between mobile stations and base stations. The logical channels are divided into dedicated channels, which are allocated to a mobile station, and common channels, which are used by mobile stations in idle mode. Within a logical channel, the transmission (downlink) to a mobile station occurs 3 timeslots earlier than the reception (uplink) from a mobile station.
- the first carrier within a cell is called the Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH) carrier.
- the BCCH carrier transmits BCCH system information over timeslot 0, plus Access Grant Channels, Paging channels and most often SDCCH channels.
- the BCCH carrier has to be on at all times, so the mobiles in surrounding cells and in its cell can check the BCCH carrier signal on all timeslots.
- Another characteristic of the BCCH carrier signal is the base station transmitting the BCCH carrier signal does so with a constant output power. Even if traffic channels are in active use, creating potential interference with the BCCH carrier signal, the BCCH carrier signal is still transmitted with a constant output power on all timeslots. All other frequency carriers of a cell (TCH carriers) can be switched of if there is no traffic on the carrier/timeslot.
- the mobile and base station measures the signal strength and signal quality (based on the Bit Error Ratio), and passes the information to the Base Station Controller, which ultimately decides if and when the power level should be changed in either the mobile or the base station. Power control needs to be handled carefully, since there is the possibility of instability. This arises from having a mobile increase its power in response to increased co-channel interference caused by another mobile increasing its power.
- the present invention uses a timeslot allocation management to reduce the number of frequencies required to control interference between neighboring cells (intercell interference control).
- a mechanism for such a capability is provided for both macro base stations and pico or personal base stations.
- the base station may be referred to as a "personal” or “pico” base station (“PBS”), and is configured to connect to the Internet at a user-selected location and establishes a small area of wireless coverage within a greater macrocell network.
- PBS personal or “pico” base station
- the user sets the operating parameters of the base station.
- United States application no. 10/280,733 is incorporated by reference, and its subject matter has been published in corresponding Intemational Publication No. WO 2004/040938.
- the present invention provides a method for enabling a network of indoor pico or personal base stations (PBSs) meeting the criteria set forth in the background section above.
- the method enables a network of pico or personal base stations, using one or two unused frequencies, to provide an acceptable level of services within an existing carrier network of macro base stations. This is accomplished by controlling interference between neighboring pico/personal base stations using various timeslot management mechanisms.
- the present invention also provides a method to reduce the number of frequencies required to control interference between neighboring pico or personal base stations (PBS).
- the present invention comprises one or more of the following GSM TDMA timeslot resource management procedures: timeslot interference detection, timeslot power reduction, timeslot allocation, timeslot offset calibration, and timeslot synchronization.
- GSM TDMA timeslot resource management procedures timeslot interference detection, timeslot power reduction, timeslot allocation, timeslot offset calibration, and timeslot synchronization.
- One or more of these resource management procedures are applied to both BCCH and TCH timeslot resources. There are many configurations (mechanisms and embodiments) to achieve this function.
- FIG. 1 shows two neighboring PBS cells with interfering mobile signals.
- FIG. 2 illustrates the process flow model for . initializing, updating, and maintaining two PBS interference detection databases.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate the "Power off state with the event "Power on” (Power On Startup Procedure) and "Power On” state operational procedures for timeslot interference detection, interference database updates, and timeslot resource management.
- each PBS maintains its own interference databases.
- the two PBS databases shown are used to track TCH and BCCH timeslot interference for neighboring PBS units.
- the BCCH DB is a long-term database (i.e. weeks and months), adjusting its active interference timeslot list to reflect the comings and goings of neighboring PBS units.
- the TCH is a short-term database (i.e. minutes, hours, and days), adjusting its active interference timeslot list to reflect the real time mobile services provided by neighboring PBS units.
- the PBS units operate in one of two modes. During the "Power On Startup" procedure the PBS is in mobile mode (i.e.
- the PBS receive on the downlink frequency), and in "Power On” state the PBS switches intermittently back and forth from normal base station mode (i.e. transmit on the downlink frequency and receive on the uplink frequency) to sampling mode (similar to mobile mode) as necessary to detect BCCH interfering signal.
- normal base station mode i.e. transmit on the downlink frequency and receive on the uplink frequency
- sampling mode similar to mobile mode
- the PBS detects BCCH signals from a neighboring PBS and adds interfering timeslots to it active list.
- the PBS switches interrnittently to a Sampling Mode to detect BCCH signals from a neighboring PBS and either adds timeslots (when signal is detected) or deletes timeslots (when the absence of a previously detected signal is noted over a long period of time, e.g. months) to or from its BCCH DB active interference list.
- the PBS when in "Power On” state, also detects TCH signals from neighboring mobiles and adds or deletes timeslots in real time from its TCH DB active interference list.
- the PBS takes steps to manage the timeslot resources appropriately by perforrning one or more of several procedures, as appropriate: timeslot allocation (selecting non-interfering timeslots for future mobile service requests), timeslot power control (decreasing power on interfering timeslots and increasing power on non-interfering timeslots), timeslot offset calibration (offsetting BCCH TDMA timeframes to avoid interfering with neighboring PBS control signals), and or timeslot synchronization (synchronizing TDMA timeframes with those of neighboring PBS units to avoid interference problems associated with timeslot frequency drift).
- timeslot allocation selecting non-interfering timeslots for future mobile service requests
- timeslot power control decreasing power on interfering timeslots and increasing power on non-interfering timeslots
- timeslot offset calibration offsetting BCCH TDMA timeframes to avoid interfering with neighboring PBS control signals
- timeslot synchronization synchronizing TDMA timeframes with those of neighboring PBS units to avoid interference problems associated with timeslot
- Timeslot allocation as embodied in this invention is a procedure for selecting non-interfering timeslots that are not on the PBS active interference DB lists for use by future mobiles requests within the local PBS cell.
- Timeslot power control as embodied in this invention is a procedure that reduces PBC local cell broadcast strength on interfering timeslots in active use by neighboring PBC cells. Power levels are reset to their original levels when the local PBS cell is no longer receiving interfering signals.
- Timeslot offset calibration as embodied in this invention is a procedure for the local PBS cell offset its BCCH TDMA timeframe to avoid interference by avoiding use of the same BCCH timeframe used by the neighboring PBS cell.
- Timeslot synchronization as embodied in this invention is a procedure for the local PBS cell to synchronize its TDMA timeframe clock with a central clock reference, like GPS, the Internet or those of neighboring PBS units in order to avoid interference problems associated with timeslot frequency drift.
- a central clock reference like GPS, the Internet or those of neighboring PBS units
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing interference between mobile stations located in neighboring PBS cells in adjoining apartments.
- FIG. 2 is a block flow diagram showing how PBS TCH and BCCH DBs are maintained and used to manage timeslot resources.
- FIG. 3 is a block flow diagram showing, the PBS Power-On Startup procedure.
- FIG.4 is a block flow diagram is a continuation of FIG. 3 showing the PBS operational procedures that continuously update the BCCH/TCH DBs and the ongoing procedures that continuously manage timeslot resources.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing logical timeslot allocation and power reduction resource management to control interference between neighboring PBS cells.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing initial PBS Startup with BCCH timeslot offset calibration, and subsequent timeslot resource management.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing the impact on field strength when timeslots between base stations become asynchronous.
- Introduction [0042] United States application no. 10/280,733, filed October 25, 2002 and having common assignee, proposes a portable, low power base station configured to convey wireless traffic between a mobile base station and a conventional wireless network via the Internet.
- the base station may be referred to as a "personal” or “pico” base station (“PBS”), and is configured to connect to the Internet at a user-selected location and establishes a small area of wireless coverage within a greater macrocell network.
- PBS personal or “pico” base station
- the user sets the operating parameters of the base station.
- United States application no. 10/280,733 is incorporated by reference, and its subject matter has been published in corresponding International
- the embodiment of the present invention can be viewed as a method consisting of one or more of the following resource management procedures: timeslot interference detection and database update, timeslot power reduction, timeslot allocation, timeslot offset calibration, and timeslot synchronization.
- resource management procedures timeslot interference detection and database update, timeslot power reduction, timeslot allocation, timeslot offset calibration, and timeslot synchronization.
- One or more of these resource management procedures is applied to both TCH and
- Section 2.0 describes the PBS Startup procedures that initially detects interference between neighboring PBS cells
- Figure 1 fills the interference BCCH/TCH DBs ( Figure 2), and subsequently implements timeslot resource startup management ( Figures 3-7).
- Section 3.0 describes the PBS Operational procedures that continuously detect interference, update the interference BCCH/TCH DBs, and continuously manage timeslot resources ( Figures 2 -7).
- Power On Startup procedures are described below in Sections 2.1 through 2.6 [0047] 2.1 Power On Startup [0048]
- One embodiment of the Power On procedure occurs whenever a PBS loses electrical power, either because of a power outage or because its on-off switch was toggled to the off position. Following the power outage or toggling of the on-off . switch to the "on" position, the PBS resets itself to the Startup Mode.
- PBS resets itself to the Startup Mode.
- Another embodiment of Power On occurs whenever the PBS compares the most recent TCH data entry with the current time clock. If the time difference (TD) between the most recent entry and the current time clock is greater than a specified . time difference limit (TD-int), such as 7 days, then the PBS resets itself to the
- Each PBS maintains its own interference databases (see Figure 2). The two
- PBS databases are used to track TCH and BCCH timeslot interference for neighboring PBS units (see FIG. 1).
- the BCCH DB is a long-tenD database (i.e. weeks and months), adjusting its active interference timeslot list to reflect the comings and goings of neighboring PBS units.
- the TCH is a short-term database (i.e. minutes, hours, and days), adjusting its active interference timeslot list to reflect the real time mobile services provided by neighboring PHS units.
- One embodiment of the Delete DB Entries procedure is to delete all active entries from the PHS TCH and BCCH DBs (FIG.2) whenever the PHS detects that it is in the Startup Mode, based on the embodiments for Power On set forth in Section 2.1 above.
- the PHS When in Mobile Mode, the PHS does not transmit or provide services to the mobiles, but searches for other neighboring PHS cells broadcasting BCCH signals on the assigned frequency. This is illustrated in FIG. 1. While scanning in mobile mode, the PBS detects interfering timeslots using one or more procedures. [0059] One exemplary embodiment of interference detection is the following procedure. While in Mobile Mode, the PBS scans for BCCH signals in all timeslots on the assigned frequency. If the PBS can detect any BCCH messages in the downlink path it will add this timeslot to the BCCH DB. [0060] Another exemplary embodiment requires that any BCCH timeslot interference signals detected need to exceed a preset FS-BCCH threshold.
- a Flag (F-int) or any yes/no binary indicator is set to indicate an interference condition is occurring for a particular timeslot (e.g. true), indicating BCCH Detection.
- BCCH timeslot interference is detected if PBS can receive BCCH messages and the received field strength of the downlink path exceeds FS_BCCH (e.g. -80 dBm).
- Another embodiment for interference detection is entirely independent of the absolute field strength. While in Startup Mobile Mode, the PBS scans for BCCH signals on assigned frequencies. Whenever a decoded BCCH signal is detected, interference is occurring and the timeslot interference Flag or yes/no binary indicator is set (e.g. true), indicating BCCH Detection. [0062] 2.5 Set BCCH Offset
- the Set BCCH Offset procedure sets its own BCCH timeslot for a PBS during the Power On procedure that its timeframe is offset by one or more timeslot increments against interfering BCCH timeslots.
- An example of BCCH timeslot offset may be seen in Figure 6.
- One embodiment of the Set BCCH Offset procedure is as folkrws. Before the Offset occurs, a PBS detects one or more BCCH signals from interfering PBS cell(s) on one or more of its timeslots (e.g. timeslot 2 in FIG. 6) using one of the BCCH detection embodiment procedures described in Section 2.4 above.
- the PBS then resets (recalibrates) its TDMA framing so that the interfering BCCH signal originally detected in one PBS timeslot (e.g. timeslot 2 in FIG. 6) is subsequently detected in a different timeslot (e.g. timeslot 6 in FIG. 6).
- the offset must take into consideration the BS-MS delay offset.
- the BCCH offset procedure is considered “correct”, if later, after the PBS switches to base station mode, its own BCCH timeslot and all interfering BCCH timeslots from neighboring PBS cells are not overlapped.
- the BCCH DB is a long-term database, adjusting its active interference timeslot list to reflect the comings and goings of neighboring PBS units.
- One embodiment of the Fill BCCH DB procedure for a PBS in the Mobile Mode uses the timeslot interference flags or any other binary indicators that were set to "True" in the Start BCCH Detection Procedure (see Section 2.4) above in order to identify and add active interference timeslots to the BCCH DB. Even though the maintenance of the BCCH DB might be a long term process, the initial fill procedure occurs in a matter of seconds.
- the PBS After filling the BCCH DB, the PBS switches from MS mode to BS mode. While in BS mode, the PBS receives in the frequency band where the mobiles are transmitting and transmits in the frequency band where other base stations transmit. In other words, it receives in uplink and transmits in downlink, like any other standard base station. [0069] 2.8 Start Other Procedures
- Start Other Procedures includes the following examples. “Start TCH detection” which starts the TCH detection process and continuously momtors the timeslots. “Start Power Control”, which starts the power control/power reduction process. Similar is “Start BCCH detection” and “Start synchronization”. The details are described in the following paragraphs. [0071] 3.0 PBS in "Power on” State [0072] Once a PBS is in "Power On” state, more processes become active (see above) and generate events described in figure 4. The procedures in "Power On” state are described below in Sections 3.1 through 3.6.
- the present invention detects interference occurrences (TCH Detection) or absence of occurrences (TCH Missing) by monitoring measured field strength of its idle time slots in the personal base station and counting interference occurrences (see FIG. 5).
- TCH Detection interference occurrences
- TCH Missing interference occurrences
- One exemplary embodiment of interference occurrence monitoring and counting begins by defining a field strength threshold interference limit: FS-int (e.g. - 75 dBm). Using this threshold limit, timeslot signal samples are taken (monitored) and the number of timeslot interference occurrences identified (counted).
- a duration for timeslot signal monitoring is set (e.g., a duration of one timeslot, although it might be shorter to account for asynchronous issues) and for each sample signal above or below the threshold limit FS-int, a counter N-int is modified (i.e. incremented or decremented by some value, as appropriate).
- TCH Detection interference occurrence
- a counter N-int will be incremented by a designated number (e.g. 1).
- the counter N-int will be decremented by a designated number (e.g. 1). A.s soon as the counter N-int reaches a limit UP-int (e.g. 3), the interference condition is met, indicating TCH Detection. The counter N-int is allowed to increase u_ntil an upper limit UPPER-int (e.g. 5.) is reached. If a sample does not reacJh the FS-int threshold, the counter N-int is reduced by a designated number (e.g. 1) until the value 0 is reached. The interference condition is no longer valid as soon as the counter reaches the value limit LOWER-int (e.g. 2), indicating TCH Missing. It should be noted that the procedure could be reversed, which means, the counter can be decreased if the threshold is reached and increased if the threshold is not reached.
- UP-int e.g. 3
- TCH Detection is the following procedure. Whenever the measured field strength (FS) exceeds the FS-int threshold, a Flag (F-int) or binary yes/no indicator will be set to indicate an interference condition has occurred (e.g. true), indicating TCH Detection. Whenever a measurement is done and the field strength being monitored (received) does not exceed the FS-int threshold, the Flag (F-int) or binary yes/no indicator will be set to indicate an interference condition has not occurred (e.g. false), indicating TCH Missing.
- FS measured field strength
- F-int binary yes/no indicator
- BCCH Detection while in "power on” state is similar to BCCH Detection during the power on Startup procedure (Section 2.4). While in base station mode, the PBS can switch to a sampling or receiving mode for idle timeslots.
- One embodiment of Switching to Sampling Mode for idle timeslots is as follows. The PBS determines which timeslots are idle, i.e. those timeslots neither in use for BCCH information nor in use for active calls. For those idle timeslots, the PBS switches off its transmitter, and reverses the receiving band by adjusting the receiver to the previous transmit frequency (switching from downlink to uplink mode).
- the PBS is then able to take samples of the downlink timeslots from other base stations operating on the same or other frequencies. Note when doing this, both transmitting and receiving timeslots of the PBS must be idle. This means that no timeslot is transmitting in downlink and no timeslot is receiving in uplink from an active mobile in the cell.
- One exemplary embodiment of interference detection is the following procedure. First all timeslots are scanned. If the PBS detects any BCCH messages in the downlink path, indicating BCCH Detection, it will add this timeslot to the BCCH DB. If the PBS does not detect any BCCH message in the downlink path, indicating BCCH Missing, it will delete this timeslot from the BCCH DB. [0082] Another embodiment is that the detected BCCH timeslots interference signal must also exceed a present FS-BCCH threshold. If these conditions are met a Flag (F-int) or any yes/no binary indicator is set to indicate an interference condition is occurring for a particular timeslot (e.g. true), indicating BCCH Detection.
- F-int Flag
- any yes/no binary indicator is set to indicate an interference condition is occurring for a particular timeslot (e.g. true), indicating BCCH Detection.
- a Flag (F-int) or any yes/no binary indicator is reset to indicate an interference condition is not occurring for a particular timeslot (e.g. false), indicating BCCH Missing.
- BCCH timeslot interference is detected if PBS can receive BCCH messages and the received field strength of the downlink path exceeds FS_BCCH (e.g. -80 dBm).
- FS_BCCH e.g. -80 dBm
- the DB deletion process for a BCCH interferer occurs slowly (requiring weeks or months), whereas the DB addition process for BCCH interferers occurs rapidly (requiring minutes or hours). Only after a prolonged absence of interfering signals from mobiles in a neighboring PBS cell can it be assumed that the neighboring PBS is permanently inactive.
- a counter can be implemented, e.g. N-noint.
- N-noint a counter could be increased each time no BCCH message could be received.
- the N-noint counter reaches a preset value (e.g. 10,000).
- a Flag or any yes/no binary indicator is set to indicate the absence of a BCCH interferer for a particular timeslot (e.g. false), indicating BCCH Missing.
- BCCH Detection is as follows. If an idle non-interfered timeslot is checked for a BCCH message and a BCCH message cannot be received, a counter (N-int) is reset (e.g. zeroed) and incremented by a predefined value each time a BCCH message is detected. This can either be done independent of the measured field strength or in combination with the requirement that the BCCH message also exceeds a minimum threshold. If the counter reaches the value N-BCCH-MAX (e.g.2) the "BCCH detection condition is met and, a Flag (F-int) or any yes/no binary indicator is set to indicate BCCH interferer for a particular timeslot (e.g. true), indicating BCCH Detection.
- N-int the counter reaches the value N-BCCH-MAX (e.g.2) the "BCCH detection condition is met and, a Flag (F-int) or any yes/no binary indicator is set to indicate BCCH interferer for a particular timeslot (e.
- the BCCH DB is a long-term database (i.e. weeks and montlxs), adjusting its active interference timeslot list to reflect the comings and goings of neighboring PBS units.
- the TCH is a short-term database (i.e. minutes, hours, and days), adjusting its active interference timeslot list to reflect the real time mobile services provided by neighboring PBS units.
- the PBS database configuration is illustrated in FIG. 2.
- One embodiment of Updating BCCH and TCH DBs is as follows. Whenever the PBS detects a new TCH or BCCH interferer, or the absence of an interferer on an idle timeslot using one or more of the procedures embodied in Sections 3.1 (TCH Detection / TCH Missing) or 3.2 (BCCH Detection / BCCH Missing), the corresponding BCCH DB or TCH DB is adjusted appropriately by adding to or deleting from its list of active interference timeslots. [0089] Start TCH Power Control (Reduce Power) [0090] In order to control timeslot inter-cell interference, the present invention, in some, but not all situations, adjusts (reduces) the transmission power of selected timeslots of the PBS.
- BCCH carrier base station transmits its BCCH signal at a constant power level over all idle timeslots ("normal power") . This may interfere with mobiles in another cell. Therefore, this invention changes BCCH carrier timeslot power levels to help reduce interference. It does so for the following reasons. Unlike a macro cell, where base station power reduction may affect hundreds of mobiles, in the case of a PBS with a small cell area and low power output, only a few local neighboring mobiles are potentially affected. Furthermore, the impact of this power change is highly beneficial in reducing interference in neighboring cells, where even a small change in mobile position (i.e. just a few meters) results in a significant change in field strength.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing two adjacent apartments [APT 1 and APT 2] containing mobile stations [MS 1 and MS 2) and personal base stations (PBS 1 and PBS 2).
- PBS 2 will proceed to adjust (reduce) its output power on that timeslot, which will help to reduce interference on the downlink from PBS 2 to MS 1.
- FIG. 5 illustrates the effect on BCCH field strength in Timeslot 3 following the reduction of the PBS 2 output power. The effective signal to noise ratio on the traffic channel in timeslot 3 has been significantly reduced, thereby reducing the potential for any interference from PBS 2 on MS l.
- An exemplary embodiment to adjust PBS power is as follows. In the event that the PBS determines from its N-int counter or F-in flag or the TCH DB or BCCH DB that the output power for one of its timeslots needs to be reduced, it would Reduce Power by a constant designated value Tx-int db (e.g. 6 dB) ("interfered timeslot power"). Conversely, in the event that the PBS determines from its N-int counter or F-in flag or TCH DB or BCCH DB that the timeslot is not interfered, the output power for this timeslot is set to "normal power".
- Tx-int db e.g. 6 dB
- the present invention in some, but not all situations, not only reduces the transmission power of selected timeslots used by an interfering PBS cell, but also blocks the use of interfered timeslots and allocates (assigns) unused and non-interfered timeslots to any new calls initiated by mobiles within its cell.
- PBS 2 As can be seen in FIG. 5, in accordance with this invention, as soon as the personal base station [PBS 2] detects a potential mobile station [MS 1] interferer on Timeslot 3, in addition to reducing the output power on that timeslot (see above), which helps to reduce interference on the downlink (PBS 2 ⁇ MS 1), PBS 2 not only blocks any new calls on Timeslot 3 from mobiles within its cell, it also allocates only unused and non-interfering timeslots, in this example, Timeslot 6 for any new calls initiated by a mobile station [MS 2] within its cell, which helps to avoid interference on the uplink (MS 2 - PBS 1).
- An exemplary embodiment to Start TCH Allocation of timeslots is as follows.
- the PBS As soon as a PBS detects an interferer on a specific timeslot from its N-int counter or F-in flags or BCCH DB and TCH DB, the PBS: a) denies use of (blocks) those timeslots to any mobiles requesting new service (new calls) within the detecting PBS cell area, and b) assigns (allocates) an unused and non-interfered timeslot (e.g. the one with the lowest measured field strength signal) to any mobiles requesting new service (new calls) within the detecting PBS cell. In case all timeslots have some interference, the timeslot with the least interfering level is chosen to provide services. [0098] 3.6 Start Synchronization
- the present invention provides for an additional, but optional procedure that implements BCCH timeslot synchronization in order to avoid interference on .
- the BCCH timeslot and drift by neighboring PBS units This is illustrated in FIG.7.
- PBS 2 detects interference from MS 1 on Timeslot 3.
- the PBS 2 proceeds to block Timeslot 3 services for mobiles within its own cell, reduce its own output power during Timeslot 3, and allocate an unused Timeslot (e.g. 6) for use by calls from mobiles within its own cell.
- the problem however, as shown in Figure 2 is the physical timeslot in the two adjacent cells, Cell 1 and Cell 2, have become asynchronous over time, i.e. the relationship between timeslots in the two cells are no longer concurrent in time.
- Timeslot Synchronization may be accomplished by using either a universal reference clock to reestablish global synchronization (via GPS or Internet) between all PBS cells, or by using the BCCH carrier signal to reestablish local synchronization (via intercell receive mode) between just the nearest neighbor PBS cells.
- One embodiment of this invention is to synchronize all PBS cells to the
- GPS reference clock Another, similar embodiment of this invention is to synchronize all PBS cells to a single signal corning over the Internet
- Another embodiment of this invention is to have all PBS units periodically switch into receive mode on a predetermined time interval (e.g. every 60 seconds) in order to adjust its own TDMA frame to the BCCH signal from its nearest neighbor. This is possible because the PBS needs only to transmit on timeslot 0 for the BCCH and e.g. timeslot 1 if there is an active call. The remaining times slots could be used to tune to the duplex frequency and measure the field strength and detect the BCCH framing of the adjacent cell(s).
- 4.0 Applicable Technologies [0105] Although many of the embodiments of the current invention described above are based upon GMS technology, the invention also supports other technologies, including CDMA, iDEN and 3G/UMTS.
- the scope of the invention also embraces embodiments where new pico, micro or macro cells are allocated either shared or new frequencies in an existing carrier network.
- the scope of this invention also applies to residential homes, public areas, businesses, campuses, airports, in any situation where new pico, micro, or macro base stations share frequencies.
- timeslot is used in a logical sense, which means there is a timeslot in downlink e.g. ts 0 and a timeslot in uplink ts 0+3. This timeslot pair is called a logical timeslot and represents both timeslots in down- and uplink, which uses different frequencies separated by the duplex frequency.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
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JP2006545491A JP4601625B2 (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2004-12-17 | Interference control of base stations by time slot resource management |
GB0610523A GB2423897B (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2004-12-17 | Base station interference control using timeslot resource management |
CN2004800418892A CN1989775B (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2004-12-17 | Base station interference control using timeslot resource management |
DE112004002488.9T DE112004002488B4 (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2004-12-17 | Interference control of a base station using time slot resource management |
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CN1989775A (en) | 2007-06-27 |
CN1989775B (en) | 2012-08-29 |
DE112004002488T5 (en) | 2006-11-30 |
GB0610523D0 (en) | 2006-07-05 |
DE112004002488B4 (en) | 2016-08-04 |
KR20060129219A (en) | 2006-12-15 |
JP2007529915A (en) | 2007-10-25 |
GB2423897B (en) | 2009-04-22 |
JP4601625B2 (en) | 2010-12-22 |
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KR100860153B1 (en) | 2008-09-24 |
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