WO2004114418A1 - Concentrating photovoltaic power generation system - Google Patents

Concentrating photovoltaic power generation system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004114418A1
WO2004114418A1 PCT/JP2004/009233 JP2004009233W WO2004114418A1 WO 2004114418 A1 WO2004114418 A1 WO 2004114418A1 JP 2004009233 W JP2004009233 W JP 2004009233W WO 2004114418 A1 WO2004114418 A1 WO 2004114418A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
incident
light guide
power generation
generation system
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2004/009233
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Tokutaro Komatsu
Original Assignee
Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd. filed Critical Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.
Publication of WO2004114418A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004114418A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/0035—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
    • G02B6/0038—Linear indentations or grooves, e.g. arc-shaped grooves or meandering grooves, extending over the full length or width of the light guide
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/0035—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
    • G02B6/0045—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it by shaping at least a portion of the light guide
    • G02B6/0046—Tapered light guide, e.g. wedge-shaped light guide
    • G02B6/0048—Tapered light guide, e.g. wedge-shaped light guide with stepwise taper
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
    • G02B6/0053—Prismatic sheet or layer; Brightness enhancement element, sheet or layer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0075—Arrangements of multiple light guides
    • G02B6/0076—Stacked arrangements of multiple light guides of the same or different cross-sectional area
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/0543—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the refractive type, e.g. lenses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a photovoltaic power generation system using a light guide.
  • a photovoltaic power generation system using a layered concentrator combining a photoconductive layer and a light deflecting layer has been proposed as a means for solving the above-mentioned problems of thickness and weight (for example, see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H11-157, 1987). 2 0 0—1 4 7 2 6 2).
  • the light deflecting layer has a saw-tooth shape on the lower surface provided with a reflective film, and is provided separately from the photoconductive layer. In such a configuration, the efficiency of trapping incident light in the photoconductive layer is extremely low, and most of the light leaks into the light deflection layer and becomes stray light.
  • the stray light is repeatedly reflected in the light deflection layer, and part of the light is re-emitted from the incident surface.
  • reflection by the reflective film always involves loss.
  • the reflectance in the vicinity of the visible region is about 98% for silver, the highest for reflectance, about 92% for aluminum, and about 60% for nickel. Due to the reflection loss and re-emission, the light-collecting efficiency of the light-collecting body at the end face is extremely low, and is at most about 1%. Disclosure of the invention
  • the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems of existing photovoltaic power generation systems. That is, the first problem to be solved in the present invention is to eliminate the need for a complicated tracking type light-collecting device which is likely to cause a failure, and to reduce the installation location of the photovoltaic power generation system and the strength of the supporting structure. To remove the restrictions on The second problem is to efficiently generate light regardless of the direction of the incident light and to increase the power generation efficiency by reducing the amount of lost light.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a high-efficiency photovoltaic power generation system that solves these problems, has a simple structure, has no moving parts that cause a failure, and can be installed anywhere.
  • a photovoltaic power generation system includes a light guide having an incident surface on which external light is incident, and an exit surface that is not parallel to the incident surface but emits the external light, and
  • the photoelectric conversion element provided facing the emission surface has a basic configuration, a reflector is provided on a light guide, and external light is supplied to the photoelectric conversion element.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a photovoltaic power generation system capable of collecting light incident from an incident surface having a larger area to a photoelectric conversion element having a smaller area by providing a function of guiding light in an existing direction.
  • the present invention develops a reflector shape that receives incident light at an angle greater than the critical angle and totally reflects the light, and enhances the light collecting effect of the light guide in combination with peripheral members, thereby simplifying the structure. It provides a highly efficient photovoltaic power generation system that can be installed anywhere.
  • the present invention provides a light guide having an incident surface through which external light enters, and an exit surface not parallel to the incident surface through which the external light exits, and a photoelectric member provided to face the exit surface.
  • a photovoltaic system having at least one conversion element, wherein the light guide reflects light incident into the light guide on at least one of an incident surface and an opposite surface thereof. It has a plurality of reflectors.
  • a light deflecting sheet for changing the direction of external light is provided to face the incident surface.
  • a reflector that reflects light emitted from other than the emission surface of the light guide is provided on a surface opposite to the incidence surface of the light guide.
  • the reflection plate has a surface inclined with respect to a normal direction of the incident surface and a surface inclined in a direction opposite to the surface.
  • the reflector preferably has an A surface inclined at 2 ° to 60 ° with respect to a normal direction of the incident surface, and a direction opposite to the A surface with respect to the normal direction of the incident surface. It preferably has a surface B inclined from 80 ° to 89 °. Further, according to the present invention, the reflector has an A surface inclined by 2 ° to 60 ° with respect to a normal direction of the incident surface, and an A surface opposite to the normal direction of the incident surface. It is preferable to have a surface B inclined 30 ° to 50 ° in the direction. Further, in the invention, it is preferable that the reflector has an angle of 40 ° with respect to a normal direction of the incident surface.
  • A-plane inclined at about 50 ° and a B-plane inclined at 40 ° to 50 ° in a direction opposite to the A-plane with respect to the normal direction of the incident surface it is preferable that a plane parallel to the incident plane be provided between the A plane and the B plane.
  • the light guide is an aggregate of a plurality of light guides, and the plurality of light guides are reflectors having a structure complementary to a surface where two adjacent light guides are in contact with each other. Is preferably provided.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing a first embodiment of a photovoltaic power generation system including a light guide. '...
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a second embodiment of the photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention including a light guide and a light deflection sheet formed by a prism, and the principle of light collection.
  • the dashed line represents the path taken by the incident light.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the angle of the reflection surface of the light guide and the angle of incidence, which is required for the light incident on the light guide to be guided in the light guide by total internal reflection.
  • the refractive index of the light guide material was calculated as 1.58.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a photovoltaic power generation system according to a third embodiment of the present invention including a light guide and a reflector, and the principle of light collection. The broken line indicates the path of the incident light.
  • Fig. 5 is a cross-section showing the fourth embodiment of the photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention using two light guides having adjacent structures with complementary structures and a light deflection sheet composed of prisms, and the principle of light collection. It is a schematic diagram. The dashed line indicates the path of the incident light. You.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a fifth embodiment of a photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention using a plurality of light guides whose adjacent surfaces have complementary structures, and the principle of light collection.
  • the dashed line represents the path taken by the incident light.
  • the photovoltaic system of the present invention has a light guide having an entrance surface 7 for receiving external light, and an exit surface 8 that is not parallel to the incident surface but emits the external light.
  • a body and a photoelectric conversion element provided to face the emission surface have a basic configuration.
  • the light guide is provided with a plurality of reflectors 5 for reflecting light incident on the inside of the light guide on at least one of the incident surface and the opposite surface, thereby guiding the traveling direction of the incident light. It can be converted to a waveable angle.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example in which a reflector is provided on the surface opposite to the incident surface. Since the incident light guided in the light guide is focused on the photoelectric conversion element on the end face, the power generation efficiency per unit area of the photoelectric conversion element can be improved.
  • the reflector 5 includes, as shown in FIG. 1, a ⁇ surface inclined at an angle ( ⁇ ⁇ ) with respect to the normal direction of the incident surface 7, and an A with respect to the normal direction of the incident surface 7. It is preferable to adopt a shape having an angle ( ⁇ 2) inclined B surface in the direction opposite to the surface. By doing so, the incident light is critical Since it is possible to receive the light at an angle greater than or equal to the angle and totally reflect the light, and to provide a reflector having a specific shape, the loss of light is small.
  • a method of forming a reflective film such as a metal vapor-deposited film on the surface of the reflector to form the reflector 5 can be used.
  • this method of providing a reflective film since the reflectance never reaches 100%, if the light guided in the light guide is reflected many times by the reflector, there is little reflection loss.
  • the final light collection efficiency may be greatly reduced, there is an advantage in that it is easy to manufacture. Which method is selected can be determined according to the application and the required photoelectric conversion capability. In the example of FIG.
  • a part of the light incident on the light guide 1 is totally reflected by one of the reflection surfaces 5 A of the reflector 5, and the light is incident on the light guide with respect to the normal to the incident surface. It is deflected in a direction that forms an angle greater than the critical angle. The deflected incident light propagates through the light guide and reaches the output surface 8 while being totally reflected by the upper and lower surfaces of the light guide. Even if the angle of the incident external light 6 changes, the light-collecting characteristics are not significantly affected. '
  • a light deflection sheet 3 can be further provided in the configuration of FIG. FIG. 2 shows an example in which a prism sheet is used as the light deflection sheet 3.
  • the operating principle of the light deflection sheet used in the present invention is not limited to refraction and total reflection by the downward prism.
  • Light deflection sheets using other principles include, for example, one using a light interference effect such as a diffraction grating, an array of micro optical elements such as a lens array, and one using refraction by an upward prism. Can be mentioned.
  • the reflectors 5 having the same shape are continuously provided, but reflectors having different shapes may be provided in a mixed manner.
  • the projectiles may be separated.
  • the reflector may be convex or concave with respect to the lower plane of the light guide plate.
  • the reflection at the light guide end face can be reduced, which is an intermediate between the light guide and the photoelectric conversion element. It is more preferable that the space is filled with a medium having a refractive index than that of the space.
  • the incident angle 0 2 becomes It is preferable to be within the angle range specified by the expression.
  • the condition for the reflected light to be totally reflected by the upper surface of the light guide (that is, the incident surface 7) and guided in the light guide is that the traveling direction of the reflected wave is in relation to the normal direction of the incident surface 7.
  • the angle to make ⁇ 3 is
  • polycarbonate having a refractive index of 1.58 is assumed as the material of the light guide, and the apex angle of the reflecting surface 5A is 8.8 °.
  • the present invention is not limited to these parameters.
  • the critical angle 0c is 39.27 °, it can be seen from equation (4) that 0> 73.08 ° is required.
  • the light incident on the photovoltaic system of the present embodiment mainly comes from the normal direction, it is possible to improve the efficiency by setting the angle of incidence on the light guide plate to 73.08 ° or more using a light deflection film. High light collection and photoelectric conversion are possible.
  • Figure 3 shows how the lower limit of the incident angle required for incident light to be guided in the light guide when the angle a that the reflecting surface makes with respect to the normal direction of the incident surface 7 is changed. It is illustrated whether it changes.
  • the refractive index of the light guide was 1.58.
  • the lower limit of the incident angle monotonically increases with respect to the angle ⁇ of the reflecting surface.
  • the angle ⁇ of the reflecting surface is small to some extent.
  • the inclination of the reflecting surface in order to guide vertically incident light, that is, light having an incident angle of 0 °, the inclination of the reflecting surface must be about 50 ° or less.
  • FIGS. show schematic diagrams when assuming that the light guide has a refractive index of 1.58. Is not limited to this refractive index value. Also, in the figure, a reflector having the same shape as a convex shape with respect to the light guide is depicted, but the reflector may be concave with respect to the light guide, and a reflector having a different shape may be used. They may be mixed.
  • a third embodiment of the photovoltaic power generation system of the present invention shown in FIG. 4 includes a light guide, a reflector that reflects light emitted from a portion other than the emission surface of the light guide, and a light guide that faces the emission surface of the light guide. It has a photoelectric conversion element provided.
  • the reflection plate may be a flat reflection surface, but has a surface inclined with respect to the normal direction of the incident surface and a surface inclined in a direction opposite to the surface as shown in FIG. It is preferable to use a reflection plate having a shape having the following shape.
  • the third embodiment shown in FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram in which ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 are set to 50 ° and 70 °, respectively.
  • the light that is directly incident on the light guide on path a is reflected by the reflection surface 5A with an inclination of ⁇ 1, is guided in the light guide by changing its traveling direction from horizontal to 10 ° upward, and exits from the light guide 8 Out of the device and reach the photoelectric conversion element.
  • the light incident on the path b is continuously reflected by the reflecting surface 5 ° with the inclination ⁇ 1 and the reflecting surface 5B with the inclination a2, and then changes its traveling direction to 50 ° upward with respect to the horizontal direction. It is guided through the light guide.
  • Light entering the light guide through paths c and d passes through the reflecting surface and temporarily leaks light.However, the traveling direction is changed in the horizontal direction by the reflecting plate with the inclined surface, and the light enters the light guide. It is collected, guided and reaches the end face.
  • the values of the angles ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 formed by the reflecting surfaces 5A and 5B constituting the reflector 5 with respect to the normal direction of the incident surface 7 are not particularly limited, and various combinations can be adopted. There are preferable values depending on the configuration of the entire photoelectric conversion system. For example, in order to achieve the light path shown in the third embodiment, when the refractive index of the material of the light guide is 1.58, ⁇ 1 is 45 ° to 50 °, and ⁇ 2 Is less than or equal to 120 ° — ⁇ , that is, 75 ° It is preferably about 70 °. Within this angle range, in paths a and b in FIG. 4, total reflection occurs on reflection surfaces 5A and 5B and the upper surface of the light guide, and light loss can be reduced.
  • ⁇ ⁇ is in the range of 2 ° to 60 ° and that ⁇ 2 is in the range of 80 ° to 89 °. If the range exceeds 60 °, the light in the light guide plate tends to be totally reflected and scattered outside the light guide plate, and if it is less than 2 °, the light passes through the reflective surface and goes out of the light guide plate. They tend to escape. Also, when the range of ⁇ 2 exceeds 89 °, the limit of the incident angle represented by the equation (4) becomes too severe, and when it is less than 80 °, the light condensing property tends to decrease.
  • ⁇ 1 is in the range of 2 ° to 60 ° and (3 ⁇ 42 is in the range of 30 ° to 50 °.
  • the angle exceeds 60 °, the light in the light guide plate tends to be totally reflected and scattered outside the light guide plate.
  • the angle is less than 2 °, the light passes through the reflective surface and escapes outside the light guide plate.
  • the range of ⁇ 2 exceeds 50 °, the proportion of incident light that escapes to the lower surface of the light guide without being totally reflected increases, and when it is less than 30 °, the reflection surface The ratio of light that does not enter the light source increases.
  • FIG. 5 shows a photovoltaic power generation system according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention that can collect leaked light with a plurality of light guides.
  • a light deflection sheet formed by a prism a first light guide provided with a reflector on the lower surface, and a second light guide provided adjacent to the lower side of the light guide are provided.
  • the first light guide 1 is provided with a reflector 5 only on the surface opposite to the incident surface, and the first light guide 1 includes a photoelectric conversion element provided so as to face the left and right emission surfaces of these light guides.
  • the reflector 5 is formed on both upper and lower surfaces of the light guide 1 ′.
  • the light deflection sheet 3 is not limited to the prism sheet as shown in the figure, and the shape of the reflector 5 is the shape shown in the figure. Is not limited to the above.
  • the positional relationship between the two light guides 1 and 1 ' is not particularly limited.
  • they may be partially or wholly in contact, or completely separated.
  • the shape of each reflector may be a shape that is matched by the opposing surfaces of 1 and 1 ′, and may not be.
  • the light guides 1 and 1 ′ may be light guides having different refractive indexes.
  • the shape of the reflectors be such that they face each other at 1 and 1 'as shown in FIG.
  • the vertically incident light that has been turned into oblique light by the light deflecting sheet enters the light guide through paths a and b.
  • the light incident on the path b is totally reflected by the reflection surface of the upper light guide and enters the lower second light guide.
  • the lower light guide has a reflector on each of the upper surface and the lower surface. Among them, the reflector on the upper surface has a shape complementary to that of the light guide on the upper side that is adjacent to the reflector. By making the adjacent reflectors complementary, the light can be collected by the lower light guide without changing the direction of the leaked light and can be guided effectively.
  • the leaked light incident on the lower light guide repeats total reflection by the upper and lower reflectors, and reaches the photoelectric conversion element on the left.
  • FIG. 6 shows a fifth embodiment of a photovoltaic system including a plurality of light guides capable of guiding vertically incident light and a photoelectric conversion element provided on the right end face of the light guide.
  • Reflectors having mutually complementary shapes are provided on the surfaces where the light guides are in contact with each other. It is assumed that the material of each light guide has a refractive index of 1.58. The bright effect is not limited to this refractive index value. Although reflectors having the same shape are provided at equal intervals in the drawing, reflectors having different shapes may be mixed, and the intervals between the reflectors may be unequal.
  • the reflection surface inclined to the right is set at an angle at which vertically incident light can be totally reflected.
  • the light incident on the path a is totally reflected by the uppermost light guide, is changed its traveling direction from horizontal to 10 ° upward, is guided in the uppermost light guide, and travels through the uppermost light guide to the photoelectric converter on the right end face.
  • the light incident on the path b passes through the reflecting surface inclined to the left and enters the second light guide. Since the reflectors in contact with the first light guide and the second light guide have complementary shapes, the incident light of b does not change its traveling direction and the reflection surface of the second light guide Incident on.
  • the positions of the reflectors provided on the lower surfaces of the respective light guides be shifted in the left-right direction in the drawing so that the leaked light can be efficiently captured.
  • the light of the path c is totally reflected for the first time in the third light guide, and is guided in the third light guide to reach the right end face.
  • the concentrating photovoltaic power generation system As described above, in the concentrating photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention, most of the incident light is collected on the end face of the light guide, so that the power generation efficiency of the photoelectric conversion element provided on the end face of the light guide is improved. Can be increased. In addition, since high-efficiency light collection and power generation can be performed irrespective of the angle of incidence of the light beam, a tracking device that directs the power generation device in the direction of the incident light becomes unnecessary, and the device can be downsized. For this reason, the photovoltaic power generator can be provided in more various places, and the application to portable use becomes easy. In addition, the light collection ratio is about three times, the area required for expensive photoelectric conversion elements can be reduced to 13 and the equipment cost can be reduced.

Abstract

A photovoltaic power generation system has a light incident surface into which external light enters, a light-guiding body having a light emission surface, not parallel to the incident surface, for emitting the external light, and at least one photoelectric conversion element provided so as to face the light emission surface. The light-guiding body has reflection bodies for reflecting light entered into inside the light-guiding body to at least either the light incident surface or the light emission surface. The system is simple in structure, has no movable parts, which tend to cause failure, and can be installed at any place.

Description

明細書 集光型光発電システム 技術分野  Description Condenser type photovoltaic system Technical field
この発明は、 導光体を利用した光発電システムに関する。 背景技術  The present invention relates to a photovoltaic power generation system using a light guide. Background art
光発電システムの発電効率を向上させるためには、 できるだけ多くの 光線を単位面積当たりの光電変換素子に集める必要がある。 このように 光線を光電変換素子に集めるシステムとして、 レンズ、 プリズム、 集光 鏡、 光ファイバなどの集光装置を使用したシステムが知られている （例 えば、 特開平 6 - 3 7 3 4 4号公報、 特開平 1 0— 2 6 4 8 9 9号公 報、 特開平 5— 2 1 1 3 4 3号公報） 。  In order to improve the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation system, it is necessary to collect as many rays as possible on the photoelectric conversion elements per unit area. As a system for collecting light rays into a photoelectric conversion element in this manner, a system using a light-collecting device such as a lens, a prism, a light-collecting mirror, or an optical fiber is known (for example, see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 6-37334). Publication, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-264989, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-214134).
しかし、 これらの集光装置を用いたシステムでは、 光源がずれると集 光点もまたずれるため、 効率よく光線を集めるためには光源の移動を追 尾して集光装置の向きを変化させる駆動装置が不可欠であり、 制御が複 雑で大きなシステムになってしまう。 また、 光発電システムを大型化す ると、 レンズ等の集光装置の焦点距離が増大するため、 厚さが非常に大 きく、 重量も大きな設備になってしまう。 このため、 高効率光発電シス テムの設置場所や支持構造体に著しい制約が課せられてしまうことが、 光発電システムの普及を妨げる要因の 1つとなっている。  However, in systems using these light concentrators, if the light source shifts, the light converging point also shifts.Therefore, in order to collect light rays efficiently, a drive that changes the direction of the light concentrator by tracking the movement of the light source The equipment is indispensable, and the control becomes complicated and the system becomes large. In addition, when the photovoltaic power generation system is increased in size, the focal length of a light condensing device such as a lens increases, so that the equipment becomes extremely thick and heavy. This places significant restrictions on the installation location and support structure of the high-efficiency photovoltaic system, which is one of the factors that hinders the spread of the photovoltaic system.
一方、 上記の厚さ ·重量の問題を解決するための手段として、 光伝導 層 ·光偏向層を組み合わせた層状の集光体を用いた光発電システムが提 案されている （例えば、 特開 2 0 0 0— 1 4 7 2 6 2号公報） 。 この場合の光偏向層は、 反射膜を付けた鋸歯形状を下面に有するもの で、 光伝導層とは別に設けられている。 このような形態では、 入射光を 光伝導層中に閉じこめる効率は極めて低く、 大部分の光は光偏向層へ漏 れて迷光となる。 迷光は、 光偏向層中で反射を繰り返し、 一部は入射面 から再出射されてしまう。 また、 反射膜による反射は必ず損失を伴う。 例えば、 可視領域近傍の反射率は、 最も反射率の高い銀で 9 8 %、 アル ミニゥムで 9 2 %、 ニッケルで 6 0 %程度である。 これらの反射損失と 再出射のため、 当該集光体では端面の受光部への集光効率が極めて低い 値となり、 高々 1 %程度にとどまる。 発明の開示 On the other hand, a photovoltaic power generation system using a layered concentrator combining a photoconductive layer and a light deflecting layer has been proposed as a means for solving the above-mentioned problems of thickness and weight (for example, see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H11-157, 1987). 2 0 0—1 4 7 2 6 2). In this case, the light deflecting layer has a saw-tooth shape on the lower surface provided with a reflective film, and is provided separately from the photoconductive layer. In such a configuration, the efficiency of trapping incident light in the photoconductive layer is extremely low, and most of the light leaks into the light deflection layer and becomes stray light. The stray light is repeatedly reflected in the light deflection layer, and part of the light is re-emitted from the incident surface. In addition, reflection by the reflective film always involves loss. For example, the reflectance in the vicinity of the visible region is about 98% for silver, the highest for reflectance, about 92% for aluminum, and about 60% for nickel. Due to the reflection loss and re-emission, the light-collecting efficiency of the light-collecting body at the end face is extremely low, and is at most about 1%. Disclosure of the invention
本発明は、 既存の光発電システムが抱える上記問題点を解決すべくな されたものである。 すなわち、 本発明に於いて解決されるべき第マの課 題は、 複雑で故障原因となりやすく重量が大きい追尾型集光装置を不要 のものとし、 光発電システムの設置場所と支持構造体の強度に関する制 約を取り除くことである。 第二の課題は、 入射光の向きに依らずに光を 効率よく光電変換素子に入射させ、 さらに損失する光の量を減少させる ことにより発電効率を高めることである。 本発明は、 これらの課題を解 決することにより、 構造が簡単で故障原因となる可動部分がなく、 かつ 設置場所を選ばない高効率光発電システムを提供することを目的とす る。  The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems of existing photovoltaic power generation systems. That is, the first problem to be solved in the present invention is to eliminate the need for a complicated tracking type light-collecting device which is likely to cause a failure, and to reduce the installation location of the photovoltaic power generation system and the strength of the supporting structure. To remove the restrictions on The second problem is to efficiently generate light regardless of the direction of the incident light and to increase the power generation efficiency by reducing the amount of lost light. An object of the present invention is to provide a high-efficiency photovoltaic power generation system that solves these problems, has a simple structure, has no moving parts that cause a failure, and can be installed anywhere.
上記の目的を達成するため、 本発明による光発電システムは、 外部光 を入射する入射面と、 入射面と平行でなく、 前記外部光を出射する出射 面とを有する導光体、 及ぴ、 上記出射面に対向して設けられた光電変換 素子を基本構成とし、 導光体に反射体を設け、 外部光を光電変換素子の 存在する方向に導波させる機能を持たせることにより、 より広い面積を 有する入射面から入射した光を小面積の光電変換素子に集めることがで きる光発電システムを提供するものである。 In order to achieve the above object, a photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention includes a light guide having an incident surface on which external light is incident, and an exit surface that is not parallel to the incident surface but emits the external light, and The photoelectric conversion element provided facing the emission surface has a basic configuration, a reflector is provided on a light guide, and external light is supplied to the photoelectric conversion element. An object of the present invention is to provide a photovoltaic power generation system capable of collecting light incident from an incident surface having a larger area to a photoelectric conversion element having a smaller area by providing a function of guiding light in an existing direction.
さらに本発明は、 入射光を臨界角以上の角度で受けて全反射するよう な反射体形状を策定するとともに、 周辺部材と組み合わせて導光体の集 光効果を高めることで、 構造が簡単で設置場所を選ばない高効率光発電 システムを提供するものである。  Furthermore, the present invention develops a reflector shape that receives incident light at an angle greater than the critical angle and totally reflects the light, and enhances the light collecting effect of the light guide in combination with peripheral members, thereby simplifying the structure. It provides a highly efficient photovoltaic power generation system that can be installed anywhere.
すなわち本発明は、 外部光を入射する入射面と、 前記外部光を出射す る入射面と平行でない出射面とを有する導光体、 及ぴ、 上記出射面に対 向して設けられた光電変換素子を少なくとも一つ有してなる光発電シス テムであって、 前記導光体は、 入射面及びその反対面の少なく ともどち らかに、 導光体内部に入射した光を反射させる複数の反射体を有してな るものであ 。 ' - また本発明は、 外部光の方向を変換する光偏向シートを、 上記入射面 に対向して設けてなることが好ましい。  That is, the present invention provides a light guide having an incident surface through which external light enters, and an exit surface not parallel to the incident surface through which the external light exits, and a photoelectric member provided to face the exit surface. A photovoltaic system having at least one conversion element, wherein the light guide reflects light incident into the light guide on at least one of an incident surface and an opposite surface thereof. It has a plurality of reflectors. -In the present invention, it is preferable that a light deflecting sheet for changing the direction of external light is provided to face the incident surface.
また本発明は、 導光体の出射面以外から出射した光を反射する反射板 を、 導光体の入射面の反対面に設けてなることが好ましい。  Further, in the present invention, it is preferable that a reflector that reflects light emitted from other than the emission surface of the light guide is provided on a surface opposite to the incidence surface of the light guide.
また本発明は、 上記反射板は、 上記入射面の法線方向に対して傾斜し た面と、 その面とは反対の方向に傾斜した面とを有してなることが好ま しい。  In the present invention, it is preferable that the reflection plate has a surface inclined with respect to a normal direction of the incident surface and a surface inclined in a direction opposite to the surface.
また本発明は、 上記反射体は、 上記入射面の法線方向に対して 2 ° 〜 6 0 ° 傾斜した A面と、 上記入射面の法線方向に対して A面とは反対の 方向に 8 0 ° 〜 8 9 ° 傾斜した B面とを有してなることが好ましい。 また本発明は、 上記反射体は、 上記入射面の法線方向に対して 2 ° 〜 6 0 ° 傾斜した A面と、 上記入射面の法線方向に対して A面とは反対の 方向に 3 0 ° 〜 5 0 ° 傾斜した B面とを有してなることが好ましい。 また本発明は、 上記反射体は、 上記入射面の法線方向に対して 4 0 °Also, in the present invention, the reflector preferably has an A surface inclined at 2 ° to 60 ° with respect to a normal direction of the incident surface, and a direction opposite to the A surface with respect to the normal direction of the incident surface. It preferably has a surface B inclined from 80 ° to 89 °. Further, according to the present invention, the reflector has an A surface inclined by 2 ° to 60 ° with respect to a normal direction of the incident surface, and an A surface opposite to the normal direction of the incident surface. It is preferable to have a surface B inclined 30 ° to 50 ° in the direction. Further, in the invention, it is preferable that the reflector has an angle of 40 ° with respect to a normal direction of the incident surface.
〜 5 0 ° 傾斜した A面と、 上記入射面の法線方向に対して A面とは反対 の方向に 4 0 ° 〜 5 0 ° 傾斜した B面とを有してなることが好ましい。 また本発明は、 A面と B面の間に、 入射面と平行な面を有してなるこ とが好ましい。 It is preferable to have an A-plane inclined at about 50 ° and a B-plane inclined at 40 ° to 50 ° in a direction opposite to the A-plane with respect to the normal direction of the incident surface. In the present invention, it is preferable that a plane parallel to the incident plane be provided between the A plane and the B plane.
また本発明は、 上記導光体が複数の導光体の集合体であり、 該複数の 導光体は、 隣接する 2枚の導光体の相接する面に相補的な構造の反射体 が設けられてなることが好ましい。 図面の簡単な説明  Further, in the present invention, the light guide is an aggregate of a plurality of light guides, and the plurality of light guides are reflectors having a structure complementary to a surface where two adjacent light guides are in contact with each other. Is preferably provided. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
図 1は、 導光体を含む光発電システムの第 1の形態を示す断面模式図 である。 ' …  FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing a first embodiment of a photovoltaic power generation system including a light guide. '…
図 2は、 導光体とプリズムによる光偏向シートを含む、 本発明に関わ る光発電システムの第 2の形態およ 'びその集光の原理を説明する断面模 式図である。 破線は入射光のたどる経路を表す。  FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a second embodiment of the photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention including a light guide and a light deflection sheet formed by a prism, and the principle of light collection. The dashed line represents the path taken by the incident light.
図 3は、 導光体への入射光が、 導光体中を全反射により導波するため に要求される、 導光体の反射面の角度と入射角度の関係を例示した図で ある。 導光体素材の屈折率は 1 . 5 8として計算した。  FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the angle of the reflection surface of the light guide and the angle of incidence, which is required for the light incident on the light guide to be guided in the light guide by total internal reflection. The refractive index of the light guide material was calculated as 1.58.
図 4は、 導光体と反射板を含む、 本発明に関わる第 3の形態の光発電 システムの実施例とその集光の原理を説明する断面模式図である。 破線 は入射光のたどる経路を表す。  FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a photovoltaic power generation system according to a third embodiment of the present invention including a light guide and a reflector, and the principle of light collection. The broken line indicates the path of the incident light.
図 5は、 隣接面が相補的構造を持つ 2枚の導光体とプリズムによる光 偏向シートを用いた、 本発明に関わる第 4の形態の光発電システムとそ の集光の原理を示す断面模式図である。 破線は入射光のたどる経路を表 す。 Fig. 5 is a cross-section showing the fourth embodiment of the photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention using two light guides having adjacent structures with complementary structures and a light deflection sheet composed of prisms, and the principle of light collection. It is a schematic diagram. The dashed line indicates the path of the incident light. You.
図 6は、 隣接面が相補的構造を持つ複数の導光体を用いた、 本発明に 関わる第 5の形態の光発電システムとその集光の原理を示す断面模式図 である。 破線は入射光のたどる経路を表す。 発明を実施するための最良の形態  FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a fifth embodiment of a photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention using a plurality of light guides whose adjacent surfaces have complementary structures, and the principle of light collection. The dashed line represents the path taken by the incident light. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
以下、 本発明に関わる集光型光発電システムを実施するための最良の 形態と動作原理を添付図面に基づいて詳述する。 但し、 それぞれの図面 は断面模式図であり、 装置全体に対する各構成の寸法は発明の内容を理 解しやすい大きさに書き直したもので、 実際の寸法を反映したものでは ない。  Hereinafter, the best mode and operating principle for implementing a concentrating photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, each drawing is a schematic cross-sectional view, and the dimensions of each component with respect to the entire apparatus are rewritten to a size that makes it easy to understand the contents of the invention, and do not reflect actual dimensions.
本発明の光発電システムは、 図 1に示すように、 外部光を,入射する入 射面 7と、 入射面と平行でなく、 前記外部光を出射する出射面 8と'を有 する導光体、 及び、 上記出射面に対向して設けられた光電変換素子を基 本構成とする。  As shown in FIG. 1, the photovoltaic system of the present invention has a light guide having an entrance surface 7 for receiving external light, and an exit surface 8 that is not parallel to the incident surface but emits the external light. A body and a photoelectric conversion element provided to face the emission surface have a basic configuration.
前記導光体は、 入射面及びその反対面の少なくともどちらかに、 導光 体内部に入射した光を反射させる複数の反射体 5が設けられており、 こ れにより入射光の進行方向を導波可能な角度に変換することができる。 図 1では入射面の反対面に反射体を設けた例を示している。 導光体中を 導波した入射光は端面の光電変換素子に集光されるため、 光電変換素子 の単位面積当たりの発電効率を向上させることができる。  The light guide is provided with a plurality of reflectors 5 for reflecting light incident on the inside of the light guide on at least one of the incident surface and the opposite surface, thereby guiding the traveling direction of the incident light. It can be converted to a waveable angle. FIG. 1 shows an example in which a reflector is provided on the surface opposite to the incident surface. Since the incident light guided in the light guide is focused on the photoelectric conversion element on the end face, the power generation efficiency per unit area of the photoelectric conversion element can be improved.
上記の反射体 5としては、 図 1に示すような、 入射面 7の法線方向に 対してある角度 （α ΐ ) 傾斜した Α面と、 上記入射面 7の法線方向に対 して A面と反対の方向にある角度 （《 2 ) 傾斜した B面とを有してなる 形状とすることが好ましい。 このようにすることにより、 入射光を臨界 角以上の角度で受けて全反射させることが可能となり、 特定形状の反射 体を設ける方法は光のロスが少ないため、 高い光収集効率を達成できる 点で好ましい。 The reflector 5 includes, as shown in FIG. 1, a Α surface inclined at an angle (α 対) with respect to the normal direction of the incident surface 7, and an A with respect to the normal direction of the incident surface 7. It is preferable to adopt a shape having an angle (<< 2) inclined B surface in the direction opposite to the surface. By doing so, the incident light is critical Since it is possible to receive the light at an angle greater than or equal to the angle and totally reflect the light, and to provide a reflector having a specific shape, the loss of light is small.
また、 この他にも、 例えば、 金属蒸着膜等の反射膜を反射体表面に形 成し反射体 5とする方法等が挙げられる。 この反射膜を設ける方法は、 反射率は決して 1 0 0 %に達することはないため、 導光体中を導波する 光が反射体で何度も反射される場合、 わずかな反射ロスであっても最終 的な集光効率を大きく低下させてしまうおそれがある点で前者の例より 劣るものの、 製造が容易であるメリッ トがある。 どちらの方法を選択す るかは用途や要求される光電変換能力に応じて決めることができる。 図 1の例では、 導光体 1中に入射した光の一部'は、 反射体 5の一方の 反射面 5 Aで全反射を受け、 導光体の入射面の'法線に対して臨界角以上 の角度をなす方向へ偏向される。 偏向された入射光は、 導光体の上下面 で全反射ざれながら導光体中を導波して出射面 8,に至る。 入射する外部 光 6の角度が変わっても、 集光特性はあまり影響されない。 '  In addition to the above, for example, a method of forming a reflective film such as a metal vapor-deposited film on the surface of the reflector to form the reflector 5 can be used. In this method of providing a reflective film, since the reflectance never reaches 100%, if the light guided in the light guide is reflected many times by the reflector, there is little reflection loss. However, although it is inferior to the former example in that the final light collection efficiency may be greatly reduced, there is an advantage in that it is easy to manufacture. Which method is selected can be determined according to the application and the required photoelectric conversion capability. In the example of FIG. 1, a part of the light incident on the light guide 1 is totally reflected by one of the reflection surfaces 5 A of the reflector 5, and the light is incident on the light guide with respect to the normal to the incident surface. It is deflected in a direction that forms an angle greater than the critical angle. The deflected incident light propagates through the light guide and reaches the output surface 8 while being totally reflected by the upper and lower surfaces of the light guide. Even if the angle of the incident external light 6 changes, the light-collecting characteristics are not significantly affected. '
本発明の光発電システムの第 2の形態として、 図 1の構成にさらに光 偏向シート 3を設けることができる。 図 2は、 光偏向シート 3としてプ リズムシ一トを採用した例を示す。  As a second embodiment of the photovoltaic system of the present invention, a light deflection sheet 3 can be further provided in the configuration of FIG. FIG. 2 shows an example in which a prism sheet is used as the light deflection sheet 3.
ただし、 本発明に用いる光偏向シー トの動作原理は、 下向きプリズム による屈折と全反射に限るものではない。 他の原理を用いた光偏向シー トとしては、 例えば、 回折格子など光の干渉効果を用いるものや、 レン ズァレイのような微小光学素子を配列したもの、 上向きプリズムによる 屈折を用いたもの等を挙げることができる。  However, the operating principle of the light deflection sheet used in the present invention is not limited to refraction and total reflection by the downward prism. Light deflection sheets using other principles include, for example, one using a light interference effect such as a diffraction grating, an array of micro optical elements such as a lens array, and one using refraction by an upward prism. Can be mentioned.
また、 図 1及び 2では、 同一形状の反射体 5が連続して設けられてい るが、 形状の異なる反射体が混在して設けられていても良く、 また、 反 射体間が離れていても良い。 また、 反射体は、 導光板下側平面に対して 凸状であってもよく、 凹状であっても良い。 In addition, in FIGS. 1 and 2, the reflectors 5 having the same shape are continuously provided, but reflectors having different shapes may be provided in a mixed manner. The projectiles may be separated. Further, the reflector may be convex or concave with respect to the lower plane of the light guide plate.
本発明の光発電システムにおいて、 導光体の出射面 8と光電変換素子 2の受光面 9の間は、 導光体端面での反射を低減できる点で、 導光体と 光電変換素子の中間の屈折率を有する媒体で満たされている方が空間と なっているよりも好ましい。  In the photovoltaic power generation system of the present invention, between the light emitting surface 8 of the light guide and the light receiving surface 9 of the photoelectric conversion element 2, the reflection at the light guide end face can be reduced, which is an intermediate between the light guide and the photoelectric conversion element. It is more preferable that the space is filled with a medium having a refractive index than that of the space.
次に図 2を用いて、 導光体に入射した光が導波しうるための入射光角 度と反射体形状の条件を述べ、 導光体による集光の原理を解説する。 光偏向シートにより偏向され入射面 7の法線方向に対して 0 1の角度 で入射した外部光 6は入射面で屈折されて、 法線方向に対して 0 2の角 度をもって進行する。  Next, referring to Fig. 2, we describe the conditions of the incident light angle and reflector shape so that the light incident on the light guide can be guided, and explain the principle of light collection by the light guide. External light 6 deflected by the light deflecting sheet and incident at an angle of 0 1 with respect to the normal direction of the incident surface 7 is refracted at the incident surface and travels at an angle of 0 2 with respect to the normal direction.
導光体の屈折率を nとし、 導光体の下面に設けた反射体一方の反射面 5 Aが入射面 7の法線方向となす角を αとすれば、 入射角 0 2は、 次式 で指定される角度範囲内にあることが好ましい。  Assuming that the refractive index of the light guide is n and the angle between the reflection surface 5A of one of the reflectors provided on the lower surface of the light guide and the normal direction of the incident surface 7 is α, the incident angle 0 2 becomes It is preferable to be within the angle range specified by the expression.
<92 +(90° - > ョ sin -1 (丄） . . . （1) <9 2 + (90 °-> sin sin- 1 (丄)... (1)
n  n
(式中、 0 cは当該導光体の材質の臨界角である。 ） (In the formula, 0 c is the critical angle of the material of the light guide.)
反射光がさらに導光体上面 （すなわち入射面 7) で全反射されて導光 体中を導波するための条件は、 反射波の進行方向が、 入射面 7の法線方 向に対してなす角 Θ 3が、  The condition for the reflected light to be totally reflected by the upper surface of the light guide (that is, the incident surface 7) and guided in the light guide is that the traveling direction of the reflected wave is in relation to the normal direction of the incident surface 7. The angle to make Θ 3 is
θ3 =θ2+2(9 α - )>θα · . ， (2) θ 3 = θ 2 +2 (9 α -)> θ α ·., (2)
となることである。 9 0° —ひ > 0であるから、 式 （ 1 ) が成立す れば式 （2) は自動的に満足される。 It is to become. Since 9 0 °-h> 0, if equation (1) holds, equation (2) is automatically satisfied.
スネルの法則から、 θ 1と Θ 2には  From Snell's law, θ 1 and Θ 2
sm0l =ns 0 · · · (3) の関係があるから、 入射光が導光体中を導波するための条件は式 ( 1 ) 、 （3 ) より sm0 l = ns 0 From the equations (1) and (3), the condition for the incident light to be guided in the light guide is
> «sin[<9c -(90° -a)] · · . (4) > «Sin [<9 c- (90 ° -a)] · ·. (4)
となる。 It becomes.
図 2では、 導光体の材質として屈折率 1. 5 8のポリカーボネートを 想定し、 反射面 5 Aの頂角ひを 8 8° としている。 ただし、 本発明はこ れらのパラメータに限定されるものではない。 この場合、 臨界角 0 cは 3 9. 2 7° であるから、 式 （4 ) より 0 1 > 7 3. 0 8° である ことが要求されることがわかる。 本実施例の光発電システムに入射する 光が主に法線方向から来る場合、 光偏向フィルムを用いて導光板への入 射角を 7 3. 0 8° 以上に設定することで、 効率的な集光と光電変換が 可能である。  In FIG. 2, polycarbonate having a refractive index of 1.58 is assumed as the material of the light guide, and the apex angle of the reflecting surface 5A is 8.8 °. However, the present invention is not limited to these parameters. In this case, since the critical angle 0c is 39.27 °, it can be seen from equation (4) that 0> 73.08 ° is required. When the light incident on the photovoltaic system of the present embodiment mainly comes from the normal direction, it is possible to improve the efficiency by setting the angle of incidence on the light guide plate to 73.08 ° or more using a light deflection film. High light collection and photoelectric conversion are possible.
図 3に、 反射面が入射面 7の法線方向に対してなす角度 aを変えた時 に、 導光体中を入射光が導波するために要求される入射角の下限がどの ように変化するかを例示した。 導光体の屈折率は 1. 5 8とした。 図か ら直ちに分かるように、 反射面の角度 αに対して入射角下限は単調増加 している。 すなわち、 反射面の角度 が大きいほど、 導光体によって集 光される光の角度範囲は強い制限を受ける。 従って、 反射面の角度 αは ある程度小さい方が好ましい。 また、 図中矢印で示したように、 垂直入 射光すなわち入射角が 0° の光を導波するためには、 反射面の傾きは約 5 0° 以下でなければならない。  Figure 3 shows how the lower limit of the incident angle required for incident light to be guided in the light guide when the angle a that the reflecting surface makes with respect to the normal direction of the incident surface 7 is changed. It is illustrated whether it changes. The refractive index of the light guide was 1.58. As can be seen immediately from the figure, the lower limit of the incident angle monotonically increases with respect to the angle α of the reflecting surface. In other words, the larger the angle of the reflecting surface, the more the angle range of the light collected by the light guide is more restricted. Therefore, it is preferable that the angle α of the reflecting surface is small to some extent. Also, as shown by the arrow in the figure, in order to guide vertically incident light, that is, light having an incident angle of 0 °, the inclination of the reflecting surface must be about 50 ° or less.
導光体の反射面で全反射しなかった入射光は、 導光体の下面を抜けて 漏れ光となる。 このような漏れ光を回収する方法として、 図 4から図 5 に示すような形態にすることが好ましい。 これらの図面は、 導光体がい ずれも屈折率 1. 5 8と想定した場合の模式図を示しているが、 本発明 の効果はこの屈折率値に限定されるものではない。 また、 図中では導光 体に対して凸形状の、 同一形状の反射体が描かれているが、 反射体は導 光体に対して凹形状であっても良く、 異なる形状の反射体が混在してい ても良い。 Incident light that has not been totally reflected by the reflection surface of the light guide passes through the lower surface of the light guide and becomes leaked light. As a method for collecting such leakage light, it is preferable to adopt a form as shown in FIGS. These drawings show schematic diagrams when assuming that the light guide has a refractive index of 1.58. Is not limited to this refractive index value. Also, in the figure, a reflector having the same shape as a convex shape with respect to the light guide is depicted, but the reflector may be concave with respect to the light guide, and a reflector having a different shape may be used. They may be mixed.
図 4に示す本発明の光発電システムの第 3の形態は、 導光体と、 導光 体の出射面以外から出射した光を反射する反射板と、 導光体の出射面に 対向して設けられた光電変換素子を有してなる。 上記反射板は、 平板状 反射面でも良いが、 図 4に示すような、 上記入射面の法線方向に対して 傾斜した面と、 その面とは反対の方向に傾斜した面とを有してなる形状 を有する反射板を用いることが好ましい。  A third embodiment of the photovoltaic power generation system of the present invention shown in FIG. 4 includes a light guide, a reflector that reflects light emitted from a portion other than the emission surface of the light guide, and a light guide that faces the emission surface of the light guide. It has a photoelectric conversion element provided. The reflection plate may be a flat reflection surface, but has a surface inclined with respect to the normal direction of the incident surface and a surface inclined in a direction opposite to the surface as shown in FIG. It is preferable to use a reflection plate having a shape having the following shape.
図 4に示す第 3の形態は、 α 1及び α 2をそれぞれ 5 0 ° と 7 0 ° と した模式図である。 経路 aで導光体に直接入射した光は、 傾き《 1の反 射面 5 Aで反射され、 水平から上向き 1 0 ° に進行方向を変えて導光体 中を導波し、 出射面 8から出射し、 光電変換素子に至る。 経路 bで入射 した光は、 傾き α 1の反射面 5 Αと傾き a 2の反射面 5 Bで連続して反 射された後、 水平方向に対して上向き 5 0 ° に進行方向を変えて導光体 中を導波する。 経路 c及び dで導光体中に入射した光は、 反射面を透過 して一旦漏れ光となるが、 傾斜面をもつ反射板により水平方向へ進行方 向を変更され、 導光体中へ回収されて導波し、 端面に至る。  The third embodiment shown in FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram in which α1 and α2 are set to 50 ° and 70 °, respectively. The light that is directly incident on the light guide on path a is reflected by the reflection surface 5A with an inclination of << 1, is guided in the light guide by changing its traveling direction from horizontal to 10 ° upward, and exits from the light guide 8 Out of the device and reach the photoelectric conversion element. The light incident on the path b is continuously reflected by the reflecting surface 5 ° with the inclination α1 and the reflecting surface 5B with the inclination a2, and then changes its traveling direction to 50 ° upward with respect to the horizontal direction. It is guided through the light guide. Light entering the light guide through paths c and d passes through the reflecting surface and temporarily leaks light.However, the traveling direction is changed in the horizontal direction by the reflecting plate with the inclined surface, and the light enters the light guide. It is collected, guided and reaches the end face.
反射体 5を構成する反射面 5 Aと 5 Bのそれぞれが入射面 7の法線方 向となす角度 α 1及び α 2の値には特に制限はなく種々の組み合わせを とることができるが、 光電変換システム全体の構成をどのようにするか によって、 好ましい値が存在する。 例えば、 第 3の形態に示す光の経路 を達成するためには、 導光体の材質の屈折率が 1 . 5 8である場合、 α 1は 4 5 ° 〜 5 0 ° であり、 α 2は 1 2 0 ° — α ΐ以下すなわち 7 5 ° 〜 7 0° であることが好ましい。 この角度範囲であれば、 図 4の経路 a、 bにおいて、 反射面 5 Aと 5 Bおよぴ導光体上面で全反射が起こ り、 光のロスを低減することができる。 The values of the angles α1 and α2 formed by the reflecting surfaces 5A and 5B constituting the reflector 5 with respect to the normal direction of the incident surface 7 are not particularly limited, and various combinations can be adopted. There are preferable values depending on the configuration of the entire photoelectric conversion system. For example, in order to achieve the light path shown in the third embodiment, when the refractive index of the material of the light guide is 1.58, α 1 is 45 ° to 50 °, and α 2 Is less than or equal to 120 ° — αΐ, that is, 75 ° It is preferably about 70 °. Within this angle range, in paths a and b in FIG. 4, total reflection occurs on reflection surfaces 5A and 5B and the upper surface of the light guide, and light loss can be reduced.
また、 整列させて一方光に導くためには、 α ΐが 2° 〜 6 0° 、 ひ 2 が 8 0° 〜 8 9° の範囲であることが好ましい。 の範囲が 6 0° を 超えると導光板中の光を全反射して導光板外へ散乱してしまう傾向があ り、 2° 未満であると光が反射面を透過して導光板外へ逃散する傾向が ある。 また、 α 2の範囲が 8 9° を超えると、 式 （4) で示される入射角 度の制限が厳しくなりすぎ、 8 0° 未満であると集光性が低下する傾向 がある。  Further, in order to align and guide the light to one side, it is preferable that α ΐ is in the range of 2 ° to 60 ° and that ひ 2 is in the range of 80 ° to 89 °. If the range exceeds 60 °, the light in the light guide plate tends to be totally reflected and scattered outside the light guide plate, and if it is less than 2 °, the light passes through the reflective surface and goes out of the light guide plate. They tend to escape. Also, when the range of α2 exceeds 89 °, the limit of the incident angle represented by the equation (4) becomes too severe, and when it is less than 80 °, the light condensing property tends to decrease.
また、 広い角度範囲の入射光を集光するためには、 《 1が 2° 〜 6 0° 、 （¾ 2が 3 0° 〜 5 0° の範囲であることが好ましい。 α 1の範囲 が 6 0° を超えると導光板中の光を全反射して導光板外へ散乱してしま' う傾向があり、 2° '未満であると光が反射面を透過して導光板外へ逃散 する傾向がある。 また、 α 2の範囲が 5 0° を超えると、 入射光のうち 全反射されずに導光体下面へ逃散するものの割合が増加し、 3 0° 未満 であると反射面に入射しない光の割合が大きくなる。  In order to condense the incident light in a wide angle range, it is preferable that << 1 is in the range of 2 ° to 60 ° and (¾2 is in the range of 30 ° to 50 °. When the angle exceeds 60 °, the light in the light guide plate tends to be totally reflected and scattered outside the light guide plate. When the angle is less than 2 °, the light passes through the reflective surface and escapes outside the light guide plate. When the range of α 2 exceeds 50 °, the proportion of incident light that escapes to the lower surface of the light guide without being totally reflected increases, and when it is less than 30 °, the reflection surface The ratio of light that does not enter the light source increases.
図 5に、 複数の導光体で漏れ光を回収することのできる本発明の第 4 の形態の光発電システムを示した。 第 4の形態は、 プリズムによる光偏 向シートと、 下面に反射体を設けた第一の導光体と、 当該導光体の下側 に隣接して設けられた第二の導光体と、 これらの導光体の左右の出射面 に対向するように設けられた光電変換素子からなり、 第 1の導光体 1は 入射面と反対側の面だけに反射体 5が掲載され、 第 2の導光体 1 ' は上 下両面に反射体 5が形成されている。 光偏向シート 3が図示するような プリズムシートに制限されないことや、 反射体 5の形状が図示した形状 に限定されない点は前述の通りである。 FIG. 5 shows a photovoltaic power generation system according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention that can collect leaked light with a plurality of light guides. In a fourth mode, a light deflection sheet formed by a prism, a first light guide provided with a reflector on the lower surface, and a second light guide provided adjacent to the lower side of the light guide are provided. The first light guide 1 is provided with a reflector 5 only on the surface opposite to the incident surface, and the first light guide 1 includes a photoelectric conversion element provided so as to face the left and right emission surfaces of these light guides. The reflector 5 is formed on both upper and lower surfaces of the light guide 1 ′. The light deflection sheet 3 is not limited to the prism sheet as shown in the figure, and the shape of the reflector 5 is the shape shown in the figure. Is not limited to the above.
第 4の形態において、 2つの導光体 1及び 1 ' の位置関係は特に限定 されるものではない。 例えば、 部分的にまたは全体が接していても良い し、 または完全に離れていても良い。 またそれぞれの反射体の形状は、 1及ぴ 1 ' の対向する面で合わさる形状であってもよく、 そうでなくて も良い。 また、 導光体 1及び 1 ' はそれぞれ屈折率の異なる導光体であ つても良い。 しかし、 製造のしゃすさや光の収集効率等の点で、 図 5に 示すように反射体の形状が 1及び 1 ' の対向する面で合わさる形状でる ことが好ましい。  In the fourth embodiment, the positional relationship between the two light guides 1 and 1 'is not particularly limited. For example, they may be partially or wholly in contact, or completely separated. Also, the shape of each reflector may be a shape that is matched by the opposing surfaces of 1 and 1 ′, and may not be. Further, the light guides 1 and 1 ′ may be light guides having different refractive indexes. However, from the viewpoint of manufacturing ease and light collection efficiency, it is preferable that the shape of the reflectors be such that they face each other at 1 and 1 'as shown in FIG.
光偏向シートにより斜め光となった垂直入射光は、 経路 a及ぴ bで導 光体中に入射する。 経路 aで入射した光は、 上側の導光体中で全反射を 繰り返しながら導波し、 右側の光電変換素子 :至る:。 :方、 経路 bで入 '射した光は、 上側の導光体の反射面で全反射で:きな ：た.め、 下側の第二 の'導光体へ入射する。 下側の導光体は、 上面と下'面のそれぞれに反射体 が設けられている。 そのうち上面の反射体は、 相接する上側の導光体の 反射体と相補的な形状となっている。 相接する反射体を相補的な形状と することにより、 漏れ光の向きを変えることなく下側の導光体で回収 し、 効果的に導波させることができる。 下側の導光体中に入射した漏れ 光は、 上下面の反射体で全反射を繰り返して、 左側の光電変換素子へ至 る。 The vertically incident light that has been turned into oblique light by the light deflecting sheet enters the light guide through paths a and b. Light incident on the path a while repeating total reflection by the upper light guide in guided, right photoelectric conversion element: lead:. : The light incident on the path b is totally reflected by the reflection surface of the upper light guide and enters the lower second light guide. The lower light guide has a reflector on each of the upper surface and the lower surface. Among them, the reflector on the upper surface has a shape complementary to that of the light guide on the upper side that is adjacent to the reflector. By making the adjacent reflectors complementary, the light can be collected by the lower light guide without changing the direction of the leaked light and can be guided effectively. The leaked light incident on the lower light guide repeats total reflection by the upper and lower reflectors, and reaches the photoelectric conversion element on the left.
図 6には、 垂直入射光を導波させうる複数の導光体と、 導光体の右側 端面に設けられた光電変換素子からなる光発電システムの第 5の形態を 示した。  FIG. 6 shows a fifth embodiment of a photovoltaic system including a plurality of light guides capable of guiding vertically incident light and a photoelectric conversion element provided on the right end face of the light guide.
導光体の相接する面には、 互いに相補的な形状の反射体が設けられて いる。 各導光体の素材は 1 . 5 8の屈折率を有すると想定したが、 本発 明の効果はこの屈折率の値に限られるものではない。 また、 図中では同 —形状の反射体が等間隔で設けられているが、 形状の異なる反射体が混 在していても良く、 反射体の間隔が不均等であっても良い。 Reflectors having mutually complementary shapes are provided on the surfaces where the light guides are in contact with each other. It is assumed that the material of each light guide has a refractive index of 1.58. The bright effect is not limited to this refractive index value. Although reflectors having the same shape are provided at equal intervals in the drawing, reflectors having different shapes may be mixed, and the intervals between the reflectors may be unequal.
第 5の形態において、 右側に傾斜した反射面のみが垂直入射光を全反 射できる角度に設定されている。 経路 aで入射した光は、 最上部の導光 体で全反射を受け、 水平から上向き 1 0 ° に進行方向を変更されて、 最 上部の導光体中を導波して右端端面の光電変換素子へ至る。 経路 bで入 射した光は、 左側へ傾斜した反射面を透過して、 第二の導光体中へ入射 する。 第一の導光体と第二の導光体の相接する反射体は相補的な形状と なっているため、 bの入射光は進行方向を変えずに第二の導光体の反射 面へ入射する。 漏れ光を効率的に捕捉できるように、 それぞれの導光体 の下面に設けられた反射体の位置が図中の左右方向へずれていることが 好ましい。 経路 cで入射した光は； 第一の導光体の下側水平面と、 第二 : の導光体の左側へ傾斜した反射面を透過して、 第三の導光体へ至る。 経 路 cの光は、 第三の導光体中で初めて全反射され、 第三の導光体中を導 波して右側端面に達する。 In the fifth mode, only the reflection surface inclined to the right is set at an angle at which vertically incident light can be totally reflected. The light incident on the path a is totally reflected by the uppermost light guide, is changed its traveling direction from horizontal to 10 ° upward, is guided in the uppermost light guide, and travels through the uppermost light guide to the photoelectric converter on the right end face. To the conversion element. The light incident on the path b passes through the reflecting surface inclined to the left and enters the second light guide. Since the reflectors in contact with the first light guide and the second light guide have complementary shapes, the incident light of b does not change its traveling direction and the reflection surface of the second light guide Incident on. It is preferable that the positions of the reflectors provided on the lower surfaces of the respective light guides be shifted in the left-right direction in the drawing so that the leaked light can be efficiently captured. The light incident on the path c; and a lower horizontal surface of the first light guide member, the second: passes through the reflecting surface inclined to the left side of the light guide body, leading to the third light guide. The light of the path c is totally reflected for the first time in the third light guide, and is guided in the third light guide to reach the right end face.
以上のように、 本発明に関わる集光型光発電システムでは、 入射され た光の大部分を導光体の端面に集めることで、 導光体の端面に設けられ た光電変換素子の発電効率を高めることができる。 また、 光線の入射角 に関係なく高効率の集光と発電が行えるため、 発電装置を入射光方向に 向ける追尾装置が不要となり、 装置が小形化される。 このため、 より多 彩な場所に光発電装置を設けることが可能となると共に、 携帯用途など への応用も容易になる。 また、 光線の集光比率が約 3倍で、 高価な光電 変換素子の必要面積を 1 3に抑えることができるとともに、 設備コス トも低減できる。  As described above, in the concentrating photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention, most of the incident light is collected on the end face of the light guide, so that the power generation efficiency of the photoelectric conversion element provided on the end face of the light guide is improved. Can be increased. In addition, since high-efficiency light collection and power generation can be performed irrespective of the angle of incidence of the light beam, a tracking device that directs the power generation device in the direction of the incident light becomes unnecessary, and the device can be downsized. For this reason, the photovoltaic power generator can be provided in more various places, and the application to portable use becomes easy. In addition, the light collection ratio is about three times, the area required for expensive photoelectric conversion elements can be reduced to 13 and the equipment cost can be reduced.

Claims

請求の範囲 The scope of the claims
1 . 外部光を入射する入射面と、 1. An incident surface for receiving external light,
前記外部光を出射する入射面と平行でない出射面とを有する導光体、 及 び、 上記出射面に対向して設けられた光電変換素子を少なく とも一つ有 してなる光発電システムであって、 A light guide having an incident surface that emits the external light and an exit surface that is not parallel, and a photovoltaic system that includes at least one photoelectric conversion element provided to face the exit surface. hand,
前記導光体は、 入射面及びその反対面の少なく ともどちらかに、 導光体 内部に入射した光を反射させる複数の反射体を有してなる The light guide has a plurality of reflectors for reflecting light incident inside the light guide on at least one of an incident surface and an opposite surface thereof.
光発電システム。 Light generation system.
2 . 外部光の方向を変換する光偏向シートを、 上記入射面に対向して 設けてなる請求の範囲第 1項に記載の光発電システム。  2. The photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 1, wherein a light deflection sheet for changing a direction of external light is provided to face the incident surface.
3 . 導光体の出射面以外から出射した光を反射する反射板を、 導光体 の入射面の反対面 設けてなる請求の範囲第 1項又は第 2項に記載の光 発電システム。 - 3. The photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 1, wherein a reflection plate that reflects light emitted from a portion other than the emission surface of the light guide is provided on a surface opposite to the incidence surface of the light guide. -
4 . 上記反射板は、 上記入射面の法線方向に対して傾斜した面と、 そ の面とは反対の方向に傾斜した面とを有してなる請求の範囲第 3項に記 載の光発電システム。 4. The reflector according to claim 3, wherein the reflector has a surface inclined with respect to a normal direction of the incident surface and a surface inclined in a direction opposite to the surface. Light generation system.
5 . 上記反射体は、 上記入射面の法線方向に対して 2 ° 〜6 0 ° 傾斜 した A面と、 上記入射面の法線方向に対して A面とは反対の方向に 8 0 ° 〜8 9 ° 傾斜した B面とを有してなる請求の範囲第 1項乃至第 4項 のいずれかに記載の光発電システム。  5. The reflector has an A surface inclined at 2 ° to 60 ° with respect to the normal direction of the incident surface, and 80 ° in a direction opposite to the A surface with respect to the normal direction of the incident surface. The photovoltaic power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the photovoltaic power generation system has a surface B inclined by ~ 89 °.
6 . 上記反射体は、 上記入射面の法線方向に対して 2 ° 〜6 0 ° 傾斜 した A面と、 上記入射面の法線方向に対して A面とは反対の方向に 3 0 ° 〜5 0 ° 傾斜した B面とを有してなる請求の範囲第 1項乃至第 4項 のいずれかに記載の光発電システム。 6. The reflector has an A surface inclined at 2 ° to 60 ° with respect to the normal direction of the incident surface, and 30 ° in a direction opposite to the A surface with respect to the normal direction of the incident surface. The photovoltaic power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the photovoltaic power generation system has a B surface inclined by up to 50 °.
7. 上記反射体は、 上記入射面の法線方向に対して 4 0° 〜 5 0° 傾 斜した A面と、 上記入射面の法線方向に対して A面とは反対の方向に 4 0° 〜5 0° 傾斜した B面とを有してなる請求の範囲第 1項乃至第 4項 のいずれかに記載の光発電システム。 7. The reflector has an A surface inclined at 40 ° to 50 ° with respect to the normal direction of the incident surface, The photovoltaic system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising a B surface inclined from 0 ° to 50 °.
8. A面と B面の間に、 入射面と平行な面を有してなる請求の範囲第 5項乃至第 7項のいずれかに記載の光発電システム。  8. The photovoltaic system according to any one of claims 5 to 7, comprising a plane parallel to the incident plane between the A plane and the B plane.
9. 上記導光体が複数の導光体の集合体であり、 該複数の導光体は、 隣接する 2枚の導光体の相接する面に相補的な構造の反射体が設けられ てなる請求の範囲第 1項乃至第 8項のいずれかに記載の光発電システ ム。  9. The light guide is an aggregate of a plurality of light guides, and the plurality of light guides is provided with a reflector having a complementary structure on a surface where two adjacent light guides are in contact with each other. The photovoltaic system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising:
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