WO2004016005A1 - Telecommunication network and upgrading method therefore - Google Patents
Telecommunication network and upgrading method therefore Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004016005A1 WO2004016005A1 PCT/IB2003/003776 IB0303776W WO2004016005A1 WO 2004016005 A1 WO2004016005 A1 WO 2004016005A1 IB 0303776 W IB0303776 W IB 0303776W WO 2004016005 A1 WO2004016005 A1 WO 2004016005A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- node
- channels
- nodes
- interface circuit
- condition
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q3/00—Selecting arrangements
- H04Q3/42—Circuit arrangements for indirect selecting controlled by common circuits, e.g. register controller, marker
- H04Q3/54—Circuit arrangements for indirect selecting controlled by common circuits, e.g. register controller, marker in which the logic circuitry controlling the exchange is centralised
- H04Q3/545—Circuit arrangements for indirect selecting controlled by common circuits, e.g. register controller, marker in which the logic circuitry controlling the exchange is centralised using a stored programme
- H04Q3/54541—Circuit arrangements for indirect selecting controlled by common circuits, e.g. register controller, marker in which the logic circuitry controlling the exchange is centralised using a stored programme using multi-processor systems
- H04Q3/54558—Redundancy, stand-by
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
- H04Q2213/1302—Relay switches
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
- H04Q2213/1304—Coordinate switches, crossbar, 4/2 with relays, coupling field
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
- H04Q2213/13104—Central control, computer control
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
- H04Q2213/13166—Fault prevention
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
- H04Q2213/13167—Redundant apparatus
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
- H04Q2213/13298—Local loop systems, access network
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a telecommunication network comprising a plurality of nodes and bi-directional data lines extending between two nodes in the form of groups of at least two lines, and a method for upgrading such a network.
- Network structures of this type in which said groups, as a rule, are formed of precisely two bi-directional lines, are used for fail-safe data communication, wherein two specimens, referred to in the following as working specimen and redundant specimen, respectively, of an information unit inserted into the network at a given starting node are transmitted to a target node via different lines.
- the target node Under undisturbed operation of the network, the target node receives both the working specimen and the redundant specimen, but takes account of the working specimen only for forwarding to a terminal connected to it; the redundant specimen is discarded. Only if in case of a failure the target node does not receive the working specimen, it will forward the redundant specimen to the receiver terminal. In this way, a practically interruption-free transmission operation is guaranteed even in the case of failures of individual data lines .
- nodes of such a telecommunication network comprise a plurality of interface circuits installed on a plurality of circuit boards, a switching matrix and a control unit.
- a function of the interface circuits is to receive a data stream from an associated bi-directional data line and to decompose it into a plurality of channels, which, under the control of the control unit, are forwarded to different interface circuits by the switching matrix, wherein these latter interface circuits combine a plurality of channels supplied from the switching matrix to a data stream to be output on an associated bi-directional data line.
- Interface circuits and switching matrices are available with various capacities, i.e. with various numbers of channels that can be processed simultaneously.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a telecommunication network, components for a telecommunication network and a method for upgrading a telecommunication network that allow an easy and failsafe upgrading procedure.
- the object is achieved on the one hand by a section of a telecommunication network comprising two nodes and a group of at least two bi-directional data lines extending between the two nodes, wherein
- each node comprises a control unit, at least one switching matrix and a plurality of interface circuits, each data line is connected to an interface circuit of each of the two nodes, each interface circuit is adapted to transmit a determined number of channels between the data line and the switching matrix, the control unit of a node has access to a configuration record which at any time indicates existing connections between channels of the interface circuits via the switching matrix, and the control unit is adapted to monitor whether an external condition holds or not, and, if the condition does not hold, to allow changes to connections specified in the con iguration record and, if the condition holds, to block changes to the connections specified in the configuration record, but to allow further transmission of information via the switching units of the node.
- redundancy does not mean here that at any time there must be a line on which no working data are transmitted. It is sufficient if at any time the possibility exists of distributing the existing working data traffic among the lines so that one line becomes free of working data traffic.
- the data lines between the two nodes may have 1+1 protection or 1 :N protection.
- a first one of the two nodes transmits a working specimen and a redundant specimen of each information unit to be transmitted to the second node on different lines of the group, so that as a rule the second node will only take account of one of the two received specimens.
- the transition to the backup line may be slightly slower than with 1+1 protection, since in case of a failure, the receiver must first request the sending node to switch over to the backup line; an advantage, however, is the more efficient use of the lines when compared to 1+1 protection, on the one hand due to the possibility of making safe a large number N of lines by one backup line, on the other hand because under undisturbed operation the backup line is available for transmitting data traffic of low priority.
- the external condition is selected such that it can be fulfilled or not fulfilled for each individual interface circuit of a node independently from its other interface circuits, and the control unit is adapted to freeze, in case that the condition is fulfilled for one of the interface circuits, only those connections in the configuration record which go via the interface circuit for which the condition is fulfilled.
- the control unit is adapted to freeze, in case that the condition is fulfilled for one of the interface circuits, only those connections in the configuration record which go via the interface circuit for which the condition is fulfilled.
- This is particularly useful in a node having a plurality of interface circuits each connected to a different other node, because thus the freezing only affects connections of an interface circuit which is actually to be exchanged, while the operation of the remaining interface circuits remains unchanged.
- the impediment associated with the freezing is thus restricted to an individual data line between two nodes; the data communication of these two nodes with third nodes remains unimpaired.
- the configuration record further specifies for each interface circuit of the node the number of channels supported by it.
- the external condition is a discrepancy between the number of channels an interface circuit is able to process indicated in the configuration record and the actual number of these channels . It thus becomes possible to fulfil the external condition for freezing the connections simply by entering the channel number of a new interface circuit into the configuration record before an old interface circuit is physically replaced by this new one. Then, as soon as the new interface circuit is inserted, the external condition is automatically no longer fulfilled, and a specific step for unfulfilling the condition becomes unnecessary.
- the node is adapted, after detecting fulfillment of the condition, i.e. specifically after changing the channel number recorded in the configuration record, to verify only after receipt of an external command whether the condition is still fulfilled, and to remove the blocking in case of the condition not being fulfilled.
- the frozen connections will not automatically be "thawed” after exchange of the interface circuit, but a corresponding command from the user is waited for, so that before normal operation is resumed, the user has time available for, eventually, carrying out further measures or checks. Since not simply a command for "re-thawing" the connections is given but a command to check the condition, eventual errors are recognized that may have occurred during exchange of the interface circuit, and in case of such an error, the connections remain frozen .
- a method for upgrading the telecommunication network section mentioned above preferably comprises the following steps :
- a) determining a data line of the group to be the line not used for working data transmission, be it as a carrier of redundant specimens of information units to be transmitted in case of 1+1 protection or as a backup line in case of 1 :N protection (N l , 2 , 3 , .- ) ;
- a network structure which is preferred over networks of this type is one in which a plurality of nodes are connected into a ring by groups of bidirectional data lines, since these allow to transmit working specimen and redundant specimen of an information unit to be transmitted from the starting node to the target node on the ring in different circulation directions, so that the interruption of an entire group of data lines between two nodes or a failure of a node between start and target nodes does not prevent the information unit from reaching the target node - as the working specimen or the redundant specimen.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a section of a telecommunication network in which the invention is applicable;
- Fig. 2 is a detailed block diagram of a node of the network section of Fig. l ⁇ in an initial stage of the upgrading procedure;
- Fig. 3 is the node of Fig. 1 after upgrading the switching matrix
- Fig. 4 is the node of Fig. 3 after removing an interface circuit
- Fig. 5 is the node after replacing the removed interface circuit by a more powerful circuit
- Fig. 6 schematically represents the course of the upgrade steps and the accompanying modifications carried out in the configuration record
- Fig. 7 represents a portion of a telecommunication network having nodes connected in a ring structure; and Fig. 8 is a configuration of the ring structure that allows for the upgrading method of the invention to be carried out.
- Fig. 1 is a highly schematic representation of a part of a telecommunication network having two nodes 1, 2, which are connected directly, i.e. without further intermediate nodes, by a group of two bi-directional data lines 3, 4. Further ports 5 connect the nodes 1, 2 with other nodes or telecommunication terminals, not shown.
- node 1 From each information unit that is fed to node 1 by a transmitter terminal connected to it and which is intended for a receiver terminal connected to node 2 , node 1 generates two specimens, referred to as working specimen and redundant specimen, respectively, which are transferred to node 2 by the different data lines 3,4. While the network operates without failure, node 2 ignores the redundant specimen and only forwards the working specimen to the receiver terminal; if due to a failure, e.g. an interruption of line 3, the working specimen does not arrive, node 2 switches over internally and forwards the redundant specimen to the receiver terminal. In spite of the failure, the receiver terminal thus receives a complete data stream.
- a failure e.g. an interruption of line 3
- Fig. 2 shows schematically the internal design of node 1.
- Node 2 has the same design.
- Node 1 comprises two identical switching matrices 8, 9, each of which, in the example shown here, has 16 input and output ports. Under the control of a control unit 10, connections between arbitrary ones of the input and output ports may be formed.
- the input and output ports of the matrices 8, 9 are connected pairwise to an input interface circuit 6-1, 6-2, ..., 6-4 and to an output interface circuit 7-1, 7-2, ..., 7-4, respectively.
- the input interface circuits 6-1, 6-2 receive data from the other node 2 -via the data lines 3, 4; the output interface circuits 7-L , 7-2 transmit data to the node 2 via the lines 3, 4.
- Other input and output interface circuits 6-3, 6-4 and 7-3, 7-4, respectively, are connected to other nodes of the network via the lines 5 or to data sources and sinks, respectively, that are locally attachecl to node 1.
- node 1 Under normal operating conditions, node 1 receives a working specimen and a redundant specimen of each information unit sent to it by node 2 ⁇ vi the input interface circuits 6-1, 6-2. Both reacli an input port of switching matrix 8 and switching matri_x 9, respectively.
- a control unit 10 controls the two mat ices 8, 9 such that only for the working specimen a connection to two output ports of the matrices 8 and 9 i s switched; the redundant specimen remains unconnected . Only in case of non-reception of the working specimen the control unit changes the connections in the matrices 8, 9 such that the redundant specimen is connected to the same output ports as was the working specimen. To the two output ports, output interface circuits are attached, whose lines 5 lead to a same further node of: the network or to a same data sink.
- the number of input and output ports of the switching matrices 8, 9 corresponds here to the total number of channels of the interface circuits 6-1 to 7-4. If an interface circuit was replaced by a more powerful one, it would not straightforwardly be possible to use it, since there are no free input/output ports of the switching matrices 8, 9 available that might correspond to the increased number of channels which the interface circuit is able to process .
- a first step of a method for increasing the capacity of the node 1 without interrupting its operation therefore consists of exchanging the switching matrices 8, 9.
- a central unit (not represented) which may be located outside of node 1 sends an instruction to the control unit 10 to connect the selecting switches of all output interface circuits 7-1, ..., 7-4 to matrix 9.
- Fig. 3 represents the resulting state of node 1, wherein for the sake of clarity the matrix replacing matrix 9 is not shown.
- the matrix 8' here has 64 input/output ports, only a quarter of which is used by the interface circuits 6-1, ..., 7-4.
- the control unit 10 is associated with a configuration register 11 that contains various information about the structure of the node 1 and a continuously updated directory of the connections established in the switching matrices .
- the configuration record 11 helps the control unit 10, among others, to recognize operation failures or erroneously set operating parameters of node 1.
- the operating parameters recorded in node 1 comprise, among others, the number of channels which each interface circuit 6-1, ..., 7-4 is able to process. This number of channels may be set by an instruction sent from outside to the control unit 10; however, the control unit 10 is also capable of reading the number of channels which an interface circuit is able to process from this interface circuit or of measuring it.
- control unit 10 If the control unit 10 detects a discrepancy between a channel number recorded in the configuration record 11 and an actual channel number of an interface circuit such as circuit 6-1, it reacts, on the one hand by generating an error message, and on the other, by "freezing" the concerned connections, i.e. by blocking all modifications to connections established in the switching matrix 8' that go via the concerned interface circuit 6-1.
- This mode of operation of the control unit 10 and the interface circuits 6-1, ..., 7-4 is made use of according to the invention for upgrading the interface circuits, by sending, for a pair of interface circuits to be exchanged, here the circuits 6-1, 7-1 connected to line 3, after switching over all working data traffic between the concerned node 1 and the node 2 connected to it via lines 3, 4, to the interface circuits 6-2, 7-2 connected to line 4, an instruction to control unit 10 to replace the maximum channel number of circuits 6-1, 7-1 recorded in configuration record 11 by that of circuits 6-1', 7-1' which are to be installed in place of circuits 6-1, 7-1.
- the control unit 10 recognizes the discrepancy between the value entered in record 11 and the actual capacity of circuits 6-1, 7-1, generates an error message and freezes existing connections going via line 3.
- the circuits 6-1, 7-1 may now be removed, as represented in Fig. 4 by a dashed outline, without this causing a deletion of the connections going via circuits 6-1, 7-1, as would usually be the case if an interface circuit is removed or fails.
- circuits 6- 1', 7-1' having a higher, in Fig. 5 fourfold, capacity.
- the number of processable channels recorded in configuration record 11 agrees with the real situation, so that the condition, which had caused the connections to be frozen, no longer holds.
- control unit 10 automatically and regularly compares the recorded and the actual channel number, the non-fulfilment of the condition automatically causes the unit 10 to allow connections in which the interface circuits 6-1', 7-1' are involved to be changed again. But it may also be provided that the control unit carries out such a comparison only upon reception of a corresponding instruction. In this case, the instant when the node resumes normal operation after an upgrade is under control of a user, who has such an instruction sent by a central control unit located outside the node.
- Fig. 6 shows in form of diagrams the individual steps that have to be carried out at nodes 1, 2 when exchanging the interface circuits connected to lines 3, 4.
- the nodes 1, 2 are shown as rectangles, each of the smaller rectangles 13, 14, 23, 24 shown within representing a bi-directional interface formed by the input and output interface circuits connected to line 3 or 4 , respectively, in node 1 or 2 , respectively.
- nl, n2 within the rectangles of circuits 13, 14, 23, 24 indicate the number of channels recorded in the configuration record 11 as the number of channels of the corresponding bi-directional interface. In Fig. 6a, this number is nl for all interfaces.
- the control units of 1, 2 Upon an instruction from the user, the control units of 1, 2 have concentrated the working data traffic onto the interfaces 13, 23 and the data line 3 extending between them, whereas the redundant data traffic goes over interfaces 14, 24 and data line 4 connecting them.
- the representation of the data lines 3 , 4 as solid or dashed lines indicates, in all parts of Fig. 6, the property of the data lines 3, 4 of being carrier of working or redundant data traffic.
- Fig. 6b shows the configuration of the two nodes when node 1 has received and carried out an instruction to change the channel number recorded in configuration record 11 for the interfaces 13 , 14 to a new value n2.
- the control circuit of node 1 recognizes an error, symbolized by the representation of the channel number n2 in italics, so that connections via node 1 and the lines 3, 4 may neither be established nor broken off.
- a corresponding change is also effected in the configuration record of node 2, so that here, too, a configuration error is detected, represented by the inscription of interfaces 23, 24 in italics in Fig. 6c.
- the interfaces 14 of node 1 and 24 of node 2 that carry no working data traffic are replaced by a larger interface 14', 24' having the channel number n2.
- the nodes 1, 2, of their own motion or because they have received a corresponding instruction compare the processing capacity of the exchanged interfaces 14', 24' with the one recorded in configuration record 11, they find that there is no discrepancy any more, and they delete the error message, represented by the inscription in interfaces 14' and 24' appearing in normal type again in Fig. 6d.
- the interfaces at data line 4 are upgraded, and in the next step, the user data traffic is switched over to these, represented by a solid line 4 in Fig. 6d.
- one line out of N+l lines is determined as a backup line on which, under normal operating conditions, void data or low priority data are transmitted, the transmission of which may be interrupted in case of need.
- the node that receives data detects a failure of a line transmitting working data, it informs the sending node which then transfers transmission from the failed line to the backup line.
- Fig. 7 shows a portion of a network with a plurality of nodes, four modes in the present case, which are connected to form a ring structure by data lines 3, 4 extending in pairs between them.
- a 1+1 protection mechanism it is advantageous to design a 1+1 protection mechanism so that working and redundant specimens of information units that are fed into the network by a terminal at a port 5 at node 1 and are intended for node
- 1:1 or 1:N protection between nodes 1, 2 may be implemented if in case of a failure of a section of ring line 3, 4 sections of the same or another line that are complementary to the failed sections are used as a backup line.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2003253218A AU2003253218A1 (en) | 2002-08-02 | 2003-08-04 | Telecommunication network and upgrading method therefore |
JP2004527241A JP2005535252A (en) | 2002-08-02 | 2003-08-04 | Telecommunications network and method for upgrading the same |
CA002491838A CA2491838A1 (en) | 2002-08-02 | 2003-08-04 | Telecommunication network and upgrading method therefore |
US10/523,614 US7489627B2 (en) | 2002-08-02 | 2003-08-04 | Telecommunication network and upgrading method therefore |
EP03784428A EP1525758B1 (en) | 2002-08-02 | 2003-08-04 | Telecommunication network and upgrading method therefore |
DE60309177T DE60309177T2 (en) | 2002-08-02 | 2003-08-04 | TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK AND METHOD OF UPGRADING THEREOF |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10235646A DE10235646A1 (en) | 2002-08-02 | 2002-08-02 | Telecommunications network section has each data line connected to interface circuit per node, each interface circuit configured to transfer set number of channels between data lines, routing matrix |
DE10235646.7 | 2002-08-02 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004016005A1 true WO2004016005A1 (en) | 2004-02-19 |
WO2004016005A8 WO2004016005A8 (en) | 2005-03-10 |
Family
ID=30469413
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IB2003/003776 WO2004016005A1 (en) | 2002-08-02 | 2003-08-04 | Telecommunication network and upgrading method therefore |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7489627B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1525758B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2005535252A (en) |
CN (1) | CN100574469C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE343305T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2003253218A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2491838A1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE10235646A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004016005A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7693089B2 (en) * | 2004-12-22 | 2010-04-06 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Method and system for performing circuit upgrade |
US8266466B2 (en) * | 2007-05-21 | 2012-09-11 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Globally synchronized timestamp value counter |
CN101997751B (en) * | 2009-08-13 | 2014-12-17 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Realization method and device of protection switching in Ethernet |
CN104811323A (en) * | 2014-01-23 | 2015-07-29 | 腾讯科技(深圳)有限公司 | Data requesting method, data requesting device, node server and CDN (content delivery network) system |
Citations (2)
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US6125111A (en) * | 1996-09-27 | 2000-09-26 | Nortel Networks Corporation | Architecture for a modular communications switching system |
EP1133197A1 (en) * | 2000-03-08 | 2001-09-12 | Tenovis GmbH & Co. KG | Switching device |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE3906545A1 (en) * | 1989-03-02 | 1990-09-13 | Ant Nachrichtentech | METHOD FOR THE STEP-BY-STEP EXTENSION OF A THREE-STAGE COUPLING PANEL |
US5313456A (en) * | 1989-03-03 | 1994-05-17 | Fujitsu Limited | Data link protecting system |
JP3473262B2 (en) * | 1996-04-05 | 2003-12-02 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Packet communication device |
DE19633744C2 (en) * | 1996-08-22 | 1999-07-22 | Baumueller Anlagen Systemtech | Ring graph in an electric drive system |
FI103624B (en) * | 1997-03-18 | 1999-07-30 | Nokia Telecommunications Oy | Procedure for securing the operation of signal channels in V5 interface |
US6173179B1 (en) * | 1997-08-27 | 2001-01-09 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Transmission system with various mobiles, comprising a network list, method of updating such a list and mobile in which the method is implemented |
DE19737359C2 (en) * | 1997-08-27 | 1999-08-19 | Siemens Ag | Communication device for the transmission of message signals |
US6243457B1 (en) * | 1998-07-31 | 2001-06-05 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Apparatus and method for deploying and updating services in a telephone network |
US6556541B1 (en) * | 1999-01-11 | 2003-04-29 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | MAC address learning and propagation in load balancing switch protocols |
WO2001020829A1 (en) * | 1999-09-14 | 2001-03-22 | Megaxess, Inc. | Method and apparatus for prevention of congestion in atm networks through atm protection switching |
US6654341B1 (en) * | 1999-10-19 | 2003-11-25 | Ciena Corporation | Virtual line switching ring |
US9048965B2 (en) * | 2001-08-24 | 2015-06-02 | Mark Henrik Sandstrom | Input-controllable dynamic cross-connect |
-
2002
- 2002-08-02 DE DE10235646A patent/DE10235646A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2003
- 2003-08-04 US US10/523,614 patent/US7489627B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-08-04 CA CA002491838A patent/CA2491838A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-08-04 JP JP2004527241A patent/JP2005535252A/en active Pending
- 2003-08-04 WO PCT/IB2003/003776 patent/WO2004016005A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2003-08-04 DE DE60309177T patent/DE60309177T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-08-04 EP EP03784428A patent/EP1525758B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-08-04 AU AU2003253218A patent/AU2003253218A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-08-04 AT AT03784428T patent/ATE343305T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-08-04 CN CNB038184435A patent/CN100574469C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6125111A (en) * | 1996-09-27 | 2000-09-26 | Nortel Networks Corporation | Architecture for a modular communications switching system |
EP1133197A1 (en) * | 2000-03-08 | 2001-09-12 | Tenovis GmbH & Co. KG | Switching device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2003253218A1 (en) | 2004-02-25 |
CN100574469C (en) | 2009-12-23 |
JP2005535252A (en) | 2005-11-17 |
ATE343305T1 (en) | 2006-11-15 |
US7489627B2 (en) | 2009-02-10 |
WO2004016005A8 (en) | 2005-03-10 |
DE60309177D1 (en) | 2006-11-30 |
EP1525758A1 (en) | 2005-04-27 |
DE10235646A1 (en) | 2004-02-19 |
CN1672434A (en) | 2005-09-21 |
EP1525758B1 (en) | 2006-10-18 |
DE60309177T2 (en) | 2007-07-26 |
CA2491838A1 (en) | 2004-02-19 |
US20060129706A1 (en) | 2006-06-15 |
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