WO2004010508A1 - 不揮発性半導体記憶素子および製造方法 - Google Patents
不揮発性半導体記憶素子および製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004010508A1 WO2004010508A1 PCT/JP2003/009335 JP0309335W WO2004010508A1 WO 2004010508 A1 WO2004010508 A1 WO 2004010508A1 JP 0309335 W JP0309335 W JP 0309335W WO 2004010508 A1 WO2004010508 A1 WO 2004010508A1
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- Prior art keywords
- layer
- insulating film
- nonvolatile semiconductor
- ultrafine particles
- charge
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/40—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/41—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape, relative sizes or dispositions
- H01L29/423—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape, relative sizes or dispositions not carrying the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/42312—Gate electrodes for field effect devices
- H01L29/42316—Gate electrodes for field effect devices for field-effect transistors
- H01L29/4232—Gate electrodes for field effect devices for field-effect transistors with insulated gate
- H01L29/4234—Gate electrodes for transistors with charge trapping gate insulator
- H01L29/42348—Gate electrodes for transistors with charge trapping gate insulator with trapping site formed by at least two separated sites, e.g. multi-particles trapping site
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y10/00—Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/40—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/401—Multistep manufacturing processes
- H01L29/4011—Multistep manufacturing processes for data storage electrodes
- H01L29/40114—Multistep manufacturing processes for data storage electrodes the electrodes comprising a conductor-insulator-conductor-insulator-semiconductor structure
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/40—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/401—Multistep manufacturing processes
- H01L29/4011—Multistep manufacturing processes for data storage electrodes
- H01L29/40117—Multistep manufacturing processes for data storage electrodes the electrodes comprising a charge-trapping insulator
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/40—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/41—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape, relative sizes or dispositions
- H01L29/423—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape, relative sizes or dispositions not carrying the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/42312—Gate electrodes for field effect devices
- H01L29/42316—Gate electrodes for field effect devices for field-effect transistors
- H01L29/4232—Gate electrodes for field effect devices for field-effect transistors with insulated gate
- H01L29/42324—Gate electrodes for transistors with a floating gate
- H01L29/42332—Gate electrodes for transistors with a floating gate with the floating gate formed by two or more non connected parts, e.g. multi-particles flating gate
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66007—Multistep manufacturing processes
- H01L29/66075—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials
- H01L29/66227—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials the devices being controllable only by the electric current supplied or the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched, e.g. three-terminal devices
- H01L29/66409—Unipolar field-effect transistors
- H01L29/66477—Unipolar field-effect transistors with an insulated gate, i.e. MISFET
- H01L29/66825—Unipolar field-effect transistors with an insulated gate, i.e. MISFET with a floating gate
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66007—Multistep manufacturing processes
- H01L29/66075—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials
- H01L29/66227—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials the devices being controllable only by the electric current supplied or the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched, e.g. three-terminal devices
- H01L29/66409—Unipolar field-effect transistors
- H01L29/66477—Unipolar field-effect transistors with an insulated gate, i.e. MISFET
- H01L29/66833—Unipolar field-effect transistors with an insulated gate, i.e. MISFET with a charge trapping gate insulator, e.g. MNOS transistors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/78—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
- H01L29/788—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate with floating gate
- H01L29/7881—Programmable transistors with only two possible levels of programmation
- H01L29/7883—Programmable transistors with only two possible levels of programmation charging by tunnelling of carriers, e.g. Fowler-Nordheim tunnelling
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/78—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
- H01L29/788—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate with floating gate
- H01L29/7888—Transistors programmable by two single electrons
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S977/00—Nanotechnology
- Y10S977/70—Nanostructure
- Y10S977/773—Nanoparticle, i.e. structure having three dimensions of 100 nm or less
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S977/00—Nanotechnology
- Y10S977/902—Specified use of nanostructure
- Y10S977/932—Specified use of nanostructure for electronic or optoelectronic application
- Y10S977/936—Specified use of nanostructure for electronic or optoelectronic application in a transistor or 3-terminal device
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a nonvolatile semiconductor memory device and a method for manufacturing the same, and more particularly, to a nonvolatile semiconductor memory device having a structure in which ultrafine particles composed of one or more single-element substances or compounds are dispersed at a high density in an insulating layer, and having excellent retention.
- the present invention relates to a nonvolatile semiconductor memory device having a charge retention layer having characteristics and a method of manufacturing the device at low cost and with good reproducibility.
- a storage element using a semiconductor such as a DRAM and an SRAM, or a rotating disk type recording medium such as a hard disk, a magneto-optical disk, and an optical disk.
- DRAM which has features such as fast data writing and reading speeds and easy integration, has been widely used as a temporary storage element for personal computers and the like.
- the volatility that is critical for memory (the property that stored data is lost when the external power supply is stopped) takes time to start up the personal computer, or suddenly stops power supply or saves data. Problems such as the data created due to forgetting etc. disappeared.
- a hard disk system does not have a long-term volatility, but has drawbacks of slow writing and reading speed and relatively large power consumption. From the above, the appearance of a memory having characteristics such as high usability such as high writing / reading speed, low power consumption, and non-volatility is expected.
- Non-volatile semiconductor storage devices such as flash memory, ferroelectric memory, MRAM (Magnetic Random Access Memory), and phase change memory are expected to meet the above requirements. is there.
- MRAM memory-related nonvolatile memories
- TMR tunnel magnetoresistive
- TMR element tunnel magnetoresistive element
- the structure is relatively complicated and disadvantageous in terms of manufacturing cost.
- the challenge is to introduce ferromagnetic materials, which have many technical issues in the process. Above all, there is the problem that it is difficult to establish a manufacturing technology for TMR elements with small characteristic variations.
- the memory cell of a flash memory is basically composed of one transistor, and its structure is simple, so that the cell size can be reduced.
- highly integrated memory can be made relatively inexpensively by using the conventional DRAM process technology. Can be manufactured.
- flash memory is attracting attention as a favorite memory for portable information terminals (portable devices).
- higher speed and higher integration of semiconductor devices have been promoted, and as a result, researches on higher performance such as higher speed of devices, miniaturization or improvement of charge retention characteristics in flash memory have been actively conducted. Is being done.
- the read operation of the data held in the specified memory cell is relatively short, about 100 ns (nanosecond) or less. Done fast in time.
- the NOR flash memory accounts for more than half of the flash memory market for storing program codes for portable devices.
- Hot electron injection has a high charge transfer speed but low charge injection efficiency (ratio of injection current to supply current).
- Fowler-Nordhe im tunnel charge discharge has high charge injection efficiency but high charge transfer. In either case, the rewriting operation takes time because of the low speed.
- writing requires a relatively long time of 1 s (microsecond), and erasing a few hundred ms (millisecond) to several s (second). For this reason, Large-capacity and low-cost memory are relatively easy to use, but their use is limited, and it is difficult to replace them with high-speed memory such as DRAM.
- an oxide film which is a tunnel insulating film of a memory cell
- a method of reducing the physical thickness of an oxide film can be considered.
- a very strong electric field is applied to the tunnel oxide film during charging of the floating gate, which is inversely proportional to the film thickness.
- the film is susceptible to dielectric breakdown (stress-induced leakage current).
- the thickness of the tunnel oxide film must be increased to about 1 O nm in order to maintain the reliability of charge retention, and it is difficult to reduce the rewriting time.
- the oxide film thickness and the dimensions of the entire device are similarly reduced, the miniaturization of the entire device is also prevented.
- a nonvolatile semiconductor memory using this method includes a MONOS (Metal Ox i de itri de Oxide Semiconducer) There is memory.
- Figure 3 shows an example of a conventional MONOS memory.
- the MONOS memory has a structure in which a tunnel insulating film 2 and a SiN x film 5 are stacked on the tunnel insulating film 2 instead of a floating gate, and an interface state existing at the interface is provided.
- 4 is a memory for holding the discretely distributed trap level 4 b in charge in a and S i N x film 5.
- 1 is a p-type single crystal Si substrate
- 4 is a charge holding region
- 6 is a gate insulating film
- 7 is a control gate
- 9 is a source region
- 10 is a drain region
- 11 is a channel formation. Area.
- the MONOS memory is superior to the floating gate type flash memory in terms of the number of times of rewriting, and the physical thickness of the tunnel insulating film can be made relatively thin. It is also advantageous in such respects.
- the trap level depth of the SiN x film (the energy difference between the trap level and the bottom of the conduction band for electrons, and the energy difference between the trap level and the top of the valence band for holes)
- the trapped charge can easily escape because the energy difference is not always sufficient, etc., and the absolute charge retention ability (the charge retention ability of the element in a normal state where no insulation breakdown has occurred) Has the disadvantage of being low.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of a semiconductor memory element in which discrete ultrafine particles are formed from Si ultrafine particles, which is a typical element of this embodiment.
- the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 3 indicate the same elements other than the charge holding region 4.
- This type of memory is described in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H11-1866421. In this publication, as shown in FIG.
- a large number of memory cells formed on the tunnel insulating film 2 by the CVD method are used.
- a structure is described in which a floating gate 4 composed of a group of Si ultrafine particles is formed and its periphery is covered with a gate insulating film 6.
- the Si ultrafine particles obtained at present have a size of about 5 to 10 nm and a distribution density (area density) in the plane of 1 to 2 ⁇ 10 12 / cm 2. Is not enough for the function of the memory.
- the size of the floating gate must be reduced to about 1 nm in diameter in order for a single-electron memory to operate stably at room temperature, but the ultrafine particles currently available have the smallest particle size. It is only about 5 nm.
- a high ultrafine particle formation density is required. The current area density of about 10 12 / cm 2 is not sufficient.
- An object of the present invention is to solve the above problems to be solved in a conventional flash memory, that is, that a long time is required for a writing operation and an erasing operation in a short time and that a charge retention characteristic is deteriorated due to repetition of a rewriting operation.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a nonvolatile semiconductor memory element having a structure that can be solved at the same time, and to provide a method for manufacturing the nonvolatile semiconductor memory element with good reproducibility. Disclosure of the invention
- a source region and a drain region formed on a surface of a semiconductor substrate are provided.
- a tunnel insulating film formed so as to connect the source region and the drain region, and in contact with a channel forming region sandwiched between the source region and the drain region; and a charge formed adjacent to the tunnel insulating film.
- a non-volatile semiconductor memory device comprising: a holding layer; a gate insulating film formed adjacent to the charge holding layer; and a control gate formed adjacent to the gate insulating film.
- the non-volatile semiconductor storage element contains one or more ultrafine particles of one or more single element substances or compounds having a particle diameter of 5 nm or less that function as a floating gate, or 10 per square centimeter of the charge holding layer. + 1 2-1 0 + 1 and dispersed independently min in four density to provide a nonvolatile semiconductor memory device characterized by comprising an insulating layer containing a plurality.
- a non-volatile semiconductor memory element comprising a film and a control gate formed adjacent to the gate insulating film, wherein the charge retention layer promotes the movement of electrons from the channel formation region to the floating gate;
- the charge retention layer 1 0 + 1 2-1 0 + 1 4 Density per square centimeter of the ultrafine particles composed of particle size 5 nm or more or less of one or a single element substance or of compounds the charge retaining layer and a nonvolatile semiconductor memory element comprising an insulating layer containing a plurality of insulating layers which are independently dispersed.
- non-volatile material described above wherein the ultrafine particles constituting the charge retention layer are made of one or more single element substances or compounds selected from the group consisting of metals, oxides, carbides, nitrides, silicides, and borides
- a semiconductor memory device Provided is a semiconductor memory device.
- the insulating layer constituting the charge holding layer may be made of an oxide, a carbide, a nitride, or a boride.
- the present invention provides the above nonvolatile semiconductor memory element comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of silicide and fluoride.
- the present invention provides the nonvolatile semiconductor memory element, wherein the ultrafine particles constituting the charge holding layer are two-dimensionally or three-dimensionally dispersed in the insulating layer.
- the charge holding layer includes the ultrafine particles and the insulating layer.
- a method for manufacturing a nonvolatile semiconductor memory element wherein each constituent material is formed in a self-organizing manner using a physical vapor deposition method.
- the present invention provides the above-mentioned method for manufacturing a nonvolatile semiconductor memory element, wherein the physical vapor deposition method is a sputtering method.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing an example of the nonvolatile semiconductor memory element of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view showing another example of the nonvolatile semiconductor memory element of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view showing an example of a conventional MONOS memory.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a conventional semiconductor memory device including discrete Si ultrafine particles.
- the charge holding layer contains one or more ultrafine particles of one or more single element substances or compounds having a particle diameter of 5 nm or less that function as a floating gate per nonvolatile semiconductor memory element, or the charge holding layer contains containing independently dispersed in square centimeters per 0 + 1 2-1 0 + 1 4 density.
- a storage element per nonvolatile semiconductor storage element that is, a storage element containing one ultrafine particle per memory cell can be a single-electron device.
- single-electron memory In which one of the single-electron devices is responsible for storing electrons, one electron is put into a floating gate, which contains electrons, or one electron is emitted from the floating gate.
- a floating gate In single-electron memories, it is important that the number of electrons that move is as small as one, which ultimately minimizes the power consumption required for data rewriting operations. The stress on the data is minimized, and the number of possible data rewrites is dramatically increased.
- the use of the Coulomb blockade effect is being considered to prevent the carrier from randomly entering the floating gate due to the thermal energy of the carrier.
- the capacitance formed between the channel forming region or the source region and the floating gate must be sufficiently small, that is, the size of the floating gate must be reduced. Specifically, it is necessary to reduce the particle size to about 1 nm for thermal energy at room temperature.
- control gate formation region is expected to be very small, on the order of about 1 Onm X 10 nm or less.
- One method of reliably forming one floating gate in this size region is to form ultrafine particles one by one spontaneously or artificially in the formation region of each control gate of the integrated storage element. It is possible to remove the unnecessary ultrafine particles after forming at an unspecified position. At present, the more practical technology is the latter technology.However, as a result of being scattered at unspecified positions, ultrafine particles are surely arranged in the area with an area of 10 nm square or less as described above. In order to In both cases, a formed surface density of 10 12 / cm 2 or more is required.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of an example of the nonvolatile semiconductor memory element of the present invention.
- 1 is a p-type single crystal Si substrate
- 2 is a tunnel insulating film
- 3 is a charge retention layer
- ultrafine particles 3a which are ultrafine particles, are included in a state dispersed in the insulating layer 3b.
- 6 is a gate insulating film
- 7 is a control gate.
- Reference numeral 9 denotes a source region
- 10 denotes a drain region
- 11 denotes an approximate region where a channel is formed, that is, a channel formation region.
- the type single crystal Si substrate 1 may use an S ⁇ I (Silic on On Insulator) substrate having a buried oxide film, especially when it is intended to improve operating speed and reduce power consumption. Can be suitably used.
- the tunnel insulating film 2 is an oxide film having relatively good interface bonding with the p-type single-crystal Si substrate 1 or a material having a high dielectric constant because the controllability of the electric field distribution of the channel forming region 11 by the control gate voltage is improved. , for example, S i O x N y (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 4 / 3) based material, such as is for suitably used.
- the thickness of the tunnel insulating film is preferably as thin as possible, preferably 8 nm or less, and more preferably 5 nm or less for high speed.
- the ultrafine particles 3 a constituting the charge retaining layer 3 are dispersed in large numbers to minimize the loss of accumulated charge due to the dielectric breakdown of the tunnel insulating film 2, and to a certain degree so that the ultrafine particles can be electrically insulated from each other. Preferably, an interval is provided.
- the charge holding layer of the ultrafine particles is It is preferable that the areal density is high, and it is 10 12 to 10 14 / cm 2 . The value of this area density is the same as that of the single-electron memory element described above. The value here is the number of ultrafine particles per single electron memory element.
- the ultrafine particles have a particle diameter of 5 nm or less.
- the material of the ultrafine particles has a high electron affinity (when the material of the ultrafine particles is a semiconductor or an insulator) or a large work function (when the material of the ultrafine particles is a good conductor such as a metal), and the material of the insulating layer 3b. It is preferable to select a material having a small electron affinity. At the same time, it is preferable to apply a high melting point material having resistance to high-temperature treatment in the semiconductor manufacturing process to the ultrafine particles and the insulating layer 3b. Specific material names suitable for the ultrafine particles and the insulating layer will be described later.
- the physical thickness of the insulating film 6 is preferably reduced to improve the controllability of the electric field distribution of the channel forming region 11 by the control gate voltage and to increase the speed of the discharging operation at the time of data erasing. It is preferable to select a substance having a high dielectric constant. Specifically, the thickness of 1 0 nm or less, other S i 0 2 as material, the S i O x N y based material or the like suitably laminated film of S I_ ⁇ 2 and S i O x, FIG. 2 shows a schematic sectional view of another example of the nonvolatile semiconductor memory element of the present invention which can be used. In FIG.
- an SOI substrate is used for a substrate 1 for forming a memory element, and the substrate 1 has three layers, a P-type single crystal Si substrate 1a, a buried oxide film 1b, and a p-type SOI layer 1c. It is composed of Reference numeral 2 denotes a tunnel insulating film, and reference numeral 3 denotes a charge retaining layer. The ultrafine particles 3a are contained in a state dispersed in the insulating layer 3b. 4 is a floating gate, 6 is a gate insulating film, 7 is a control gate, and 8 is a side wall. 9 is a source region, 10 is a drain region, 9a and 10a are shallow junction regions, and 9b and 10b are contact regions in each region. Reference numeral 11 denotes an approximate region where a channel is formed, that is, a channel forming region.
- the tunnel insulating film 2 is an oxide film having good interface bonding with the p-type SOI layer 1c, or a material having a high dielectric constant for the purpose of enhancing the controllability of the electric field distribution in the channel formation region 11 by the control gate voltage, for example, as described above. such as S i O x N y based materials can be used. Also write In order to perform the erase operation at a high speed, the thickness of the tunnel insulating film 2 is preferably made as small as possible, and is preferably 3 nm or less in consideration of the presence of the charge retaining layer 3 described later.
- the charge retention layer 3 has a function of promoting the movement of electrons from the channel formation region 11 to the floating gate 4 and suppressing the movement of electrons from the floating gate 4 to the channel formation region 11. Hereinafter, this will be described in detail.
- the charge holding layer 3 is a layer arranged for the purpose of suppressing the charge accumulated in the floating gate 4 located next to the substrate from helicopting on the substrate side. At the time of charge accumulation, the charges are dispersed and accumulated not only in the floating gate 4 but also in the ultra-fine particles 3 a in the charge holding layer 3. As a result, the charge accumulated in the floating gate 4 to the substrate side is suppressed because of the Coulomb opening effect.
- This charge retaining layer 3 is also effective in increasing the writing speed.
- a high voltage is applied between the channel formation region 11 and the control gate 7, and electrons are injected from the channel formation region 11 into the floating gate 4 by an electric field generated by this voltage. If the ultrafine particles 3a exist between the channel forming region 11 and the floating gate 4, electrons are injected into the floating gate 4 through the ultrafine particles 3a, so that the injection probability increases and the writing speed increases. .
- the charge holding power of the ultrafine particles in the charge holding layer is preferably high. Dispersing a large number of the ultrafine particles enhances the charge holding power of the entire charge holding layer, and the fact is that the floating gate 4 This is preferable because the charge leakage is suppressed.
- the ultrafine particles in order to improve the charge holding power of the ultrafine particles, it is also effective to improve the charge retention characteristics by forming the ultrafine particles into two or more stages, ie, a three-dimensional multi-layer structure.
- the size of each of the ultrafine particles is small in order to produce a sufficient Coulomb opening effect on the accumulated charge of the floating gate. arbitrary preferred to as high as the 1 0 1 sl O 1 4 Z cm 2.
- the material of the ultra-fine particles must have a high electron affinity or work function, and the material of the insulating layer must have a low electron affinity. It is preferable to select a material for the reason of increasing the charge holding power. At the same time, it is preferable to apply a high melting point material having resistance to high-temperature treatment in the semiconductor manufacturing process to the ultrafine particles and the insulating layer. Specific material names suitable for the ultrafine particles and the insulating layer will be described later.
- the gate insulating film 6 is made of a material having a high dielectric constant, such as Si, to improve the controllability of the electric field distribution in the channel formation region 11 by the control gate voltage and to speed up the operation at the time of writing or erasing.
- ⁇ x N y based material, or the like product layer film of oxide film and the S i N x film can be suitably used.
- the thickness of the gate insulating film 6 is preferably as small as possible, and is preferably 1 O nm or less.
- the charge retention layer is formed using a physical vapor deposition method.
- a physical vapor deposition method in addition to physical vapor deposition, for example, chemical vapor deposition (chemical vapor deposition, also known as CVD) is well known.
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- the CVD method requires a higher gas phase pressure during film formation compared to the physical film formation method, and the collision frequency of reactive atomic species and molecular species in the gas phase is higher, and the gas phase and substrate surface temperatures are higher. For such reasons, a single-phase film with no phase separation or a film with high crystallinity, that is, an equilibrium phase film, is likely to be formed.
- the chemical vapor deposition method is not suitable.
- the charge retention layer is formed in a single process using physical vapor deposition.
- the physical vapor deposition method include a sputtering method, a thermal vapor deposition method, an electron beam vapor deposition method, a laser ablation method, and a molecular beam epitaxy method.
- the sputtering method is particularly preferable because it has a wide selection of film forming materials, is easy to obtain a dense film, and is capable of obtaining a film having high adhesion to a base, and is excellent in mass productivity.
- the spattering method is preferable because an appropriate substrate temperature or the like can be obtained for the self-organization in the present invention. For example, a suitable substrate temperature that is neither low nor high Therefore, self-assembly can be promoted by causing appropriate migration of the film-forming seed particles on the substrate surface.
- an apparatus using an inductively coupled plasma or an electromagnetic wave coupled plasma, or an apparatus using an opposed target type apparatus is more preferable because the damage to the underlying tunnel oxide film is small.
- a method for forming a target using a material forming a dispersed phase which is a phase of ultrafine particles and a material forming a matrix phase which is a phase of an insulating layer is as follows.
- a material obtained by sintering material powders of both phases, or a material obtained by embedding an appropriate number of chip pieces of the material of the other phase in a single-phase target of the material of one phase so as to be exposed on the surface. can be used.
- a chip piece of the material of the other phase is appropriately placed on a single phase of the material of one phase. It can be used as a target with only a few powers or with a mixed powder of both phases spread on a glass Petri dish.
- the use of powder powder is not preferable for making semiconductor chips because the powder may be scattered in the film formation environment and adversely affect other semiconductor manufacturing processes.
- the combination of the material of the dispersed phase and the matrix phase is such that the material of the dispersed phase and the material of the matrix phase undergo phase separation during film formation, and the work function or Any combination may be used as long as the electron affinity is larger than the electron affinity of the matrix phase.
- the self-assembly in the present invention means that the atoms constituting the ultrafine particles and the atoms constituting the insulating layer are spontaneously separated from each other by a thermodynamic interaction or the like, and as a result, the This means that nanoscale ultrafine particles are organized. This phenomenon depends on the combination and existence ratio of the constituent materials of the ultrafine particles and the insulating layer, and the film forming conditions such as the film forming pressure and the substrate temperature.
- the action of self-organization can be utilized relatively easily, and A retaining layer can be formed.
- thermodynamic conditions it is possible to obtain thermodynamic conditions in a region suitable for the development of self-organization in the present invention.
- the material of the dispersed phase can be selected from metals, semiconductors and insulators.For the purpose of improving charge retention characteristics, a substance with a work function or an electron affinity that is as large as possible, and stable in heat treatment in semiconductor processes It is more preferable to select a high melting point substance for the purpose of the above.
- Ultrafine metal particles include Al, Ti, Zn, Ga, Zr, Nb, Mo, Re, Ru, In, Sn, La, Ta, Pt, W, Pb, Ag, Au, Pd, etc.
- a 3d transition metal element such as V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Fe, Co, and Cu, and Z or an alloy containing the same as a main component can be preferably used.
- the ultrafine particles of elemental semiconductor are preferably at least one of S, Ge, Se and Te.
- at least one of Si, Ge, Se, and Te contains at least one of P, As, Sb, B, A, Ga, In, and Cu as an impurity. It may be something.
- Ultrafine particles of a compound semiconductor or insulator include InAs, InGaAs, InGaNAs, InAlAs, InAsP, InGaAsP, InSb, InGaSb, InAlSb, InGaAsSb, S i C, Cu 2 0, Zn_ ⁇ , CdO, BaO, PbO, n i O, I n 2 ⁇ 3, Sb 2 0 3, Sn_ ⁇ 2, Ag 2 ⁇ , A G_ ⁇ , Ru0 2, V 3 Ga, Nb 3 Sn, Nb 3 Al, Nb 3 Ga, Nb 3 Ge, NbT i, NbMo 6 S 8 , ZnS, CdS, HgS, PbS, Sb 2 S 3 , Bia S 3 , ZnS e, CdS e, HgS e, SnS e, PbS e, I n 2 S e 3, S b 2 S e 3, B i S e 3,
- I n 2 0 3 Among these groups of substances, Sb 2 ⁇ 3, S n0 2, ZnO, G At least one compound of a As may contain at least one element of Sn, Sb, Ga, Al, and In as an impurity.
- Examples of the material of the insulating layer of the charge retention layer is silica, alumina, titania, beam lights, cordierite, spinel, Zeoraito, oxides such as forsterite, and carbides such as boron carbide (B 4 C),
- Examples include at least one compound selected from nitrides such as silicon nitride / boron nitride and aluminum nitride, and fluorides such as magnesium fluoride and aluminum fluoride. At this time, it is more preferable to select a substance having as small an electron affinity as possible for the purpose of improving the charge retention property and a high melting point substance for the purpose of stabilizing by heat treatment in a semiconductor process.
- the average particle diameter of the dispersed phase growing in the matrix phase changes by controlling the composition and film formation conditions.
- the charge of the nonvolatile semiconductor memory element of the present invention in which a material having a large work function or electron affinity is made into ultrafine particles having a particle diameter of 5 nm or less and a thin film in which the ultrafine particles are dispersed at a high density in an insulating layer is used.
- the holding layer can hold many electric charges independently dispersed. Due to this independent dispersion retention, only a small part of the total charge held by the charge retention layer leaks even if the dielectric breakdown of the tunnel insulating film occurs, and it is sufficient to read data even after the dielectric breakdown occurs. The amount of shift of the threshold voltage can be secured. Also, by maintaining the independent dispersion, the tunnel insulating film can be made thinner, the size of the storage element can be reduced, and the driving voltage can be reduced.
- materials having various compositions can be selected as a dispersed phase and a matrix phase, and can be easily incorporated into a conventional semiconductor manufacturing process as a film forming process. Therefore, a high-performance nonvolatile semiconductor memory element with good reproducibility can be supplied without largely changing the conventional process.
- a tunnel insulating film 2 was formed on a p-type single crystal Si substrate 1. This tunnel insulating film 2 is obtained by thermally oxidizing a semiconductor substrate at 800 and has a thickness of 3 nm.
- the charge retention layer 3 composed of the insulating layer 3b containing the ultrafine particles 3a for charge retention was formed to a thickness of 7 nm by a capacitive coupling magnetron sputtering method in the following manner.
- Metal C o as ultrafine particles were selected S i 0 2 as an insulating layer.
- a composite target was used in which a 5-mm square SiO 2 glass chip was placed on a 6-inch (15.24 cm) diameter metal Co target. The amount of SiO 2 glass chips was adjusted so that 70% of the surface area of the surface exposed to the plasma of the target was occupied.
- a phosphorus-containing polysilicon layer as a control gate 7 was formed by a CVD method.
- a photoresist layer was used as a mask, and the unmasked polysilicon control gate 7, gate insulating film 6, charge retaining layer 3, and tunnel insulating film 2 were removed by dry etching to form a gate structure.
- a source region 9 and a drain region 10 were formed by ion implantation of arsenic (or phosphorus) and annealing.
- a MOS diode having a stacked structure of the tunnel oxide film 2, the charge retention layer 3, and the gate oxide film 6 described above was fabricated and its capacitance-voltage characteristics were measured. 2.2 V hysteresis due to injection of electrons into Co dots A phenomenon has occurred.
- the nonvolatile semiconductor memory element of this example will be described with reference to FIG.
- the SOI substrate consisting of the p-type single crystal Si substrate 1a, the buried oxide film 1b and the p-type SOI layer 1c is separated by the mesa separation method to form an element on the surface of the p-type SOI layer 1c.
- An oxide film serving as the tunnel insulating film 2 was formed to a thickness of 1.5 nm by the thermal oxidation treatment.
- a charge retention layer 3 composed of an insulating layer 3b three-dimensionally containing ultrafine particles 3a was formed to a thickness of 10 nm by a sputtering method in the following manner.
- a sputtering method To form a thin film consisting of two phases of P t and S i 0 2.
- the gate insulating film 6 was formed.
- the control gate 7, gate insulating film 6, floating gate 4, charge retention layer 3, and tunnel insulating film 2 are partially removed by dry etching. As a result, a gate structure was formed.
- phosphorus (a may be arsenic) to form a shallow ion implantation to a shallow junction regions 9 a and 1 0 a low-energy, by forming the S I_ ⁇ 2 film by a C VD method above the gate structure That is, the entirety of the tunnel insulating film 2, the charge retention layer 3, the floating gate 4, the gate insulating film 6, and the control gate 7 was once covered.
- the S I_ ⁇ to form side The Wall 8 by partially etched (etched back) by 2 film Delahaye Tsuchingu method.
- phosphorus (which may be arsenic) was ion-implanted a little deeply with high energy to form contact regions 9b and 10b, and annealed to form a source region 9 and a drain region 10.
- the nonvolatile semiconductor memory element according to the present invention can reduce the time required for writing and erasing data overnight, can greatly increase the number of times of rewriting at the same time, and can reduce the power consumption compared to conventional memory elements of the same type. Can work.
- a novel magnetic device or optical device can be manufactured by a quantum effect. Also, since the sputtering method is used, it can be easily incorporated into a conventional semiconductor process. In addition, artificial lattices can be formed by alternately laminating various types of materials.
Abstract
Description
Claims
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AU2003252675A AU2003252675A1 (en) | 2002-07-23 | 2003-07-23 | Nonvolatile semiconductor storage device and manufacturing method |
US11/033,142 US7550802B2 (en) | 2002-07-23 | 2005-01-12 | Nonvolatile semiconductor memory device and manufacturing process of the same |
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US20050122775A1 (en) | 2005-06-09 |
KR20050025350A (ko) | 2005-03-14 |
KR100958556B1 (ko) | 2010-05-18 |
EP1536483A1 (en) | 2005-06-01 |
US7550802B2 (en) | 2009-06-23 |
JP4056817B2 (ja) | 2008-03-05 |
TW200402849A (en) | 2004-02-16 |
AU2003252675A1 (en) | 2004-02-09 |
JP2004055969A (ja) | 2004-02-19 |
TWI319219B (ja) | 2010-01-01 |
EP1536483A4 (en) | 2008-07-16 |
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