WO2003096441A2 - Packaging device for an electrochemical device and method for making the same - Google Patents

Packaging device for an electrochemical device and method for making the same Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003096441A2
WO2003096441A2 PCT/IB2003/002145 IB0302145W WO03096441A2 WO 2003096441 A2 WO2003096441 A2 WO 2003096441A2 IB 0302145 W IB0302145 W IB 0302145W WO 03096441 A2 WO03096441 A2 WO 03096441A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ofthe
housing
invention according
cavities
wherem
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2003/002145
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2003096441A3 (en
Inventor
Hans Desilvestro
David Johnathan Hassell
Simon Andrew Jolley
Original Assignee
Ilion Technology
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ilion Technology filed Critical Ilion Technology
Priority to AU2003228041A priority Critical patent/AU2003228041A1/en
Publication of WO2003096441A2 publication Critical patent/WO2003096441A2/en
Publication of WO2003096441A3 publication Critical patent/WO2003096441A3/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/552—Terminals characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/559—Terminals adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round, elliptic or button cells
    • H01M50/56—Cup shaped terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/24—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
    • H01M50/172—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing
    • H01M50/174—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/218—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material
    • H01M50/22—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material of the casings or racks
    • H01M50/229—Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/103—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/107—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by their shape or physical structure having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a packaging device (10) for use in association with an electrochemical device. The packaging device includes a housing (12) having two halves, a top surface (16), a bottom surface ( 18) and an open region adjacent to the top surface ( 16) for enabling placement, and, in turn, encapsulation of at least a portion of an electrochemical device within the housing. The packaging device (10) also includes means for is encased within the housing; and means for securing the housing ( 12) in a folded orientation.

Description

TITLE OF THE INVENTION
PACKAGING DEVICE FOR AN ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICE AND METHOD FOR
MAKING THE SAME
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1 Field of the Invention
The invention relates in general to a packaging device for an electrochemical device, and more particularly, to a packaging device for electrochemical devices such as secondary batteries and super capacitors Throughout this disclosure "electrochemical device" means a combination of at least one individually packaged unit providing electrochemically stored energy, preferably with the at least two unit terminal plates of the at least one unit being parallel to each other A "unit" means at least one or a combination of cells This invention however deals not with packaging single cells, but with packaging an electrochemical device consisting of at least two cells 2 Background Art Electrochemical devices that are based on the Li-ion technology are well known in the art
Their use in the market place is limited to either cylindrical cells or to prismatic ones with a footprint of well below 100 cm2, particularly if high power density is required One of the main restrictions for larger footprint devices is adequate stack compression, for instance exerted as mechanical pressure, which is necessary for good high power performance and for long cycle life Sufficient stack compression can be achieved easily in cylindrical cells through tight electrode winding and a tight fit of the electrode pack into the cylindrical battery case Adequate stack compression is also achieved relatively easily the case of rigid steel cases, particularly if the maximum device footprint is well below 100 cm2 In order to decrease the weight of portable electrochemical devices, the thickness of battery cases has been reduced and steel has been replaced by aluminum or by a thin laminate of aluminum foil and suitable polymer layers While such batteries are much lighter, their casing does not offer the rigidity for optimum stack compression and cycle life suffers unless special measures are taken to keep the electrodes tightly together without a rigid battery case Such measures can involve lamination processes and the use of gel or polymer-based electrolytes Such gel or polymer-based electrolyte systems are, however, of lower electrolytic conductivity than systems based on liquid electrolyte solutions, and therefore do not offer the same high power performance as electrochemical devices based on liquid electrolyte solutions
Conventional methods of packaging electrochemical devices are also relatively expensive, and each application requires specific, relatively complicated configurations for the outer casing as well as for the internal components to provide electrical contact between individual cells connected in series and/or in parallel
Accordingly it is an object of the present invention to provide adequate packaging, which is light-weight, low cost and still exerts sufficient stack pressure, prevents atmospheric ingress and/or electrolyte egress and allows for simple and low cost series and/or parallel connections of single cells or multi-cell batteries
The problem of sufficient stack compression is not limited to Li-ion batteries It is known that cycle and calendar life of lead-acid batteries can be improved significantly by adequate stack pressure This invention is not limited to any particular battery technology
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
To address the above-discussed deficiencies of the prior art, it is the primary object of this invention to provide a packaging device for electrochemical devices that is 1) hermetically sealed to minimize atmospheric ingress and/or electrolyte egress, 2) provides a means for current collection from at least two cells, 3) exerts mechanical pressure up to one atmosphere, 4) provides additional safety by electrically insulating the terminal plates, 5) may provide additional safety by comprising a safety valve, and 6) may provide additional mechanical protection for the electrochemical device
Specifically, the present invention relates to a packaging device for use in association with an electrochemical device as well as a method for making the packaging device The packaging device includes a housing having a top segment, a bottom segment and, optionally, one or more cavities formed on at least the top or the bottom segments of the housing The one or more cavities have an open region for enabling placement, and. in turn, encapsulation of at least a portion of an electrochemical device within the cavity The top and the bottom segments of the packaging device may consist of one piece only and be separated by a transverse axis The packaging device may further include means for folding the housing along the transverse axis, wherein, upon folding, an electrochemical device is encased within the housing The packaging device also includes means for securing the electrochemical device inside the housing In addition, the present invention also contemplates a method for fabricating a packaging device as well as a packaging device and an associated electrochemical device The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of the present invention so that those skilled in the art may better understand the detailed description of the invention that follows Additional features and advantages of the invention will be described hereinafter that form the subject of the claims of the invention Those skilled in the art should appreciate that they may readily use the conception and the specific embodiment disclosed as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should also realize that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention in its broadest form.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIGURE 1 illustrates an exemplary, side cross-sectional view of a packaging device for use in association with an electrochemical device according to the principles of the present invention
FIGURE 2 illustrates an exemplary, top plan view of a packaging device for use in association with an electrochemical device according to the principles of the present invention,
FIGURE 3 illustrates an exemplary, side cross-sectional view of a packaging device prior to folding the housing along the transverse axis and after the electrochemical device is placed in the housing,
FIGURE 4 illustrates an exemplary, side cross-sectional view of a packaging device after folding the housing along the transverse axis and sealing the housing, and
FIGURE 5 illustrates an exemplary, side cross-sectional view of another packaging device, according to the principles of the present invention, with two electrochemical devices connected in parallel
FIGURE 6 is a graph displaying the capacity output as a function of cycle number for an electrochemical device packaged according to the present invention (A) and for two comparative examples (B) and (C)
BEST MODE FOR PRACTICING THE INVENTION
While this invention is susceptible of embodiment in many different forms, there is shown herein the drawings and will be described in detail only a limited number of specific embodiments with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered as an exemplification of the pnnciples of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention to the embodiments described and illustrated
Referring initially to FIGURE 1, illustrated is an exemplary, side cross-sectional view of the packaging device 10 for use in association with an electrochemical device according to the pnnciples of the present invention The packaging device 10 includes a housing 12 having an edge surface 16 and a center surface 18 FIGURE 1 shows as an example an embodiment having a transverse axis 14, separating one side 20 of the packaging device 10 from another side 22 of the packaging device 10 The center surface 18 may include one or more cavities 24 formed on at least one side 20 of the transverse axis 14 As shown in FIGURE 1 , a second cavity 26 may be located on the second side 22 of the transverse axis 14 The one or more cavities 24 have an open region 28 adjacent to the edge surface 16 for enabling placement, and, in turn, encapsulation of at least a portion of an electrochemical device within the cavity
In this same embodiment, the packaging device 10 includes means for folding the housing 12 (not shown) along the transverse axis 14, wherein, upon folding, an electrochemical device is encased within the housing 12 The packaging device 10 further includes means for mechanically securing the electrochemical device within the housing 12 (not shown) In a preferred embodiment, the housing 12 includes one or more lead openings 30 allowing external leads 44 extending from the electrochemical device to be connected to an external device The present invention is particularly useful, but not limited to, encasing electrochemical devices that comprise bipolar electrode plates, that are joined in seπes, and end in terminal unit plates of the opposite polarity in a prismatic monolithic unit The present invention is also useful in packaging electrochemical devices, where 2 or another number of prismatic monolithic units are electrically connected in series and/or in parallel In such a configuration, one of the lead openings may preferably be through one of the side surfaces of the housing 12, rather than through the top or bottom surface of the housing 12 However, those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention might be used to encase other types of electrochemical devices, independent of the cell chemistry employed
In one embodiment, the housing 12 may be fabricated of heat-sealable laminate material However, those skilled in the art understand that any material or any combination of materials may be used to fabricate the housing 12 so long as the material or the combination of materials provide electrical insulation between opposite polarities of the electrochemical device and does not become damaged upon exposure to the specific components/materials that is in physical contact with the packaging device 10 Examples of such acceptable materials include plastic, metal and metal alloys, preferably in sheet, film or foil form Metal sheet and foil has the advantage of optimum barner properties, while polymeric materials have the advantage of optimum electrical insulation Therefore, a combination of metal and polymeric film may be of particular advantage In a preferred embodiment, fabrication of the housing 12 may be accomplished through a deep-drawing process However, other conventional manufacturing processes may be used to fabricate the housing 12 Alternatively, the at least one cavity can be created in situ, starting from one or two flat segments, during the subsequent encapsulation process
Referring now to FIGURE 2, with continuing reference to FIGURE 1. illustrated is an exemplary, top plan view of the packaging device 10 The open regions 28 define the first and second cavities 24, 26 to encapsulate the electrochemical device As illustrated in FIGURE 2. both of the first and second cavities 24, 26 have a periphery on the edge surface 16 corresponding to the periphery of each other In one aspect of this embodiment, the first cavity periphery 32 and the second cavity periphery 34 is of substantially equal distance from the transverse axis 14 so as to result in a substantially symmetric orientation of the first cavity periphery 32 and the second cavity periphery 34 relative to the transverse axis 14 In one embodiment, the first and second cavities 24. 26 have corresponding geometries However, an infinite number of configurations and depths are likewise contemplated, depending on the desired application and positioning within a particular device
Referring now to FIGURE 3, illustrated is a side cross-sectional view of the housing 12 pπor to folding the housing 12 on the transverse axis 14 and after the electrochemical device 36 is placed in the housing 12 The electrochemical device 36 consists of at least 2 electrochemical cells 42, preferably with the unit terminal plates 43 being parallel to each other FIGURE 3 shows as an example an electrochemical device consisting of two units 41 stacked on top of each other Each unit 41 consists of at least one single cell 42 or a combination of cells As illustrated in FIGURE 3, the electrochemical device 36 is placed in the first cavity 24 on one side 20 of the transverse axis 14 In one embodiment, particularly if the housing comprises insulating materials such as polymers, the packaging device 10 comprises at least one device terminal plate 40 The at least one device terminal plate 40 consists of an electrically conducting material such as aluminum, copper, any alloy or any other electrically conducting material in bulk or based on particles such as powder, flakes, fibers or the like In a preferred embodiment, the at least one device terminal plate 40 is integral part of the housing, by hermetically attaching the at least one device terminal plate 40 to the center surface 18 of the at least one cavity 24 Attachment can be achieved through any welding or gluing technique known to those skilled in the art If the housing consists of a thin laminate of metal and polymer foil or film, the attachment may be achieved preferably through a thermo-bonding process. Alternatively, the metal-polymer film laminate can be thermally attached directly to at least one of the unit terminal plates 43, while leaving a suitable opening for the electrical leads. The packaging device may further comprise contact elements 38, providing a low resistance contact as well as elasticity to maintain reliable electrical contact between the at least one device terminal plate 40 and the at least one unit terminal plate 43. The contact element may consist of a light-weight plate or mat with a surface providing a large number of contact points in a uniform way over the whole surface. Preferred contact elements consist of a metal foam or felt mat or of a light-weight metal mesh
The electrochemical device 36 may consist of units 41 of stackable cells 42. Inasmuch as each cell 42 of the electrochemical device 36 has a known capacity and voltage, any overall device voltage and capacity can be created by combining stackable cells 42 in series and/or in parallel. Indeed, the only limitation on stackability and shape of the cells 42 would be as a result of the particular dimensional configuration of the packaging device 10. If the electrochemical device includes at least two units 41, 41', at least one additional contact element 38" may be placed between the two facing terminal plates of the units. Alternatively, the ends of optional cell leads (not shown) may be folded into the area of the lead openings 30 of the housing 12.
The stackable cells 42 may be constructed with electrolytes such as a polymer or liquid electrolyte (not shown). Stackable cells 42 include positive and negative electrodes (not shown). A combination of at least two stackable cells 42 makes up an electrochemical device comprising at least two unit end plates 43, at least one of positive and one of negative polarity. As explained, the particular shape of each stackable cell 42 is dependent on the particular configuration of the packaging device 10 to be used.
Turning now to FIGURE 4, illustrated is a side cross-sectional view of the packaging device 10 after folding the housing 12 on the transverse axis 14 and sealing the housing 12. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the transverse axis 14 is fabricated such as to facilitate folding along the transverse axis 14 External leads 44 may be attached directly to the housing 10 and/or to the at least one of the device terminal plates 40 and or to at least one of the unit terminal plates 43, thereby creating external lead connections 46 As will be explained and illustrated in FIGURE 4, the housing 12 and/or at least one of the device terminal plates 40 is in electrically conducting contact with the electrochemical device 36. within the packaging device 10 The external lead connections 46 for electrical contact may be achieved through any welding, soldering or mechanical attachment process, such as bolting or riveting at any suitable stage of the assembly process The lead opening 30 may be of any size or shape It can comprise a significant portion of at least one of the unit terminal plates 43 or at least one of the terminal plates 44 FIGURES 3 and 4 show as an example, how a hermetically sealed lead opening 30 can be created within the housing where the external leads 44, 44' are attached to the device terminal plates 40,40' via the external lead connections 46, 46' The external lead connections 46 may be protected by insulation 48, which may consist of an insulating adhesive or hotmelt The present invention also contemplates that external lead connections 46 of the fabricated electrochemical device 36 are configured at any desired location or orientation, depending on the specific application of use Indeed, the positioning of the external lead connections 46 may be altered externally of the packaging device 10 as well as within the packaging device 10 Furthermore, it is contemplated that the lead connections be constructed in such a manner so as to result in an m- line fuse Alternatively, at least one of the contact elements 38 or at least one of the device terminal plates 40 may comprise a thermofuse such as a PTC element so as to result in an additional safety element in case of excessive device temperature
After proper positioning of the electrochemical device 36 in the first cavity 24, the second cavity 26 is then folded on the transverse axis 14 or otherwise positioned such that the center surface 18 of the second cavity 26 comes into mechanical contact with at least a fraction of the top unit terminal plate 43' of the electrochemical device, either directly or via the device top terminal plate 40' and/or the top contact element 38' In this process the two edge surfaces 16. 16' of the two segments 20, 22 of the housing 12 may also come into mechanical contact with each other around their respective perimeters Simultaneous mechanical contact between the center surfaces 18 as well as the edge surfaces 16 after folding would require very tight mechanical tolerances, which would result in high cost of the entire device As will be explained hereinafter, it is not necessary, at least in the initial stage of the assembly process, that the two sets of aforementioned surfaces are in immediate mechanical contact In a preferred embodiment, the housing provides sufficient flexibility to be processed to a configuration which provides overall mechanical contact by applying mechanical pressure during the subsequent processing steps and/or by applying a partial vacuum to the interior of the housing
After one segment 20 of the housing 12 and the other segment 22 of the housing 12 are positioned on top of each other, the two segments of the housing 12 are secured together through any number of ways including, but not limited to, welding, crimping, bolting, adhesive, snap fit. etc, as well as being integrally attached as part of the housing 12 itself A key feature of this invention is the establishment of at least a partial vacuum inside the housing 12 during or after the process step which secures the two segments 20. 22 In a preferred embodiment the applied vacuum is at least -0 8 bar or better If the vacuum inside the housing 12, is -0 8 bar. a mechanical force of 0 8 kg/cm2 is exerted over the entire surface of the unit terminal plates 43 of the electrochemical device, as long as the device terminal plates 40 and contact elements 38 are dimensioned properly and as long as the material of construction of the housing 12 is flexible enough to be tightly pressed towards the terminal plates 43 by the pressure differential between the inside and the outside of the housing 12 Additionally, securement means can also be accomplished by use of a secondary casing or by wrapping an electrically insulating shrink tube or a label around the packaging device 10 Use of a secondary casing provides the ability to manufacture batteries with only a few different type of "primary case" sizes and dimensions toward facilitating standardization thereof Accordingly, such standardized primary cased cells can then be used in "secondary casings" that have had their configurations altered to correspond to the specific battery compartment/location within the particular device of choice
In one embodiment, the securement means comprises a means for thermally welding the two edge surfaces 16, 16' of the housing 12 around its perimeter In a preferred embodiment this process is undertaken in a vacuum chamber, where a vacuum of-0 8 bar or better is applied before heat-sealing the two edge surfaces 16, 16' together Such a process can be readily achieved at low cost in standard equipment available for food packaging As schematically shown in Figure 4, the heat- welded or otherwise secured portions 49 of the housing may fully or partially be folded back in order to decrease the space required for the volume and thus increase its energy and power density In another preferred embodiment, the securement means includes means for sealing the housing 12 so as to preclude ingress or egress of moisture in and out of the one or more cavities 24 The sealing means advantageously results in a hermetic seal to minimize moisture ingress and/or electrolyte egress In a particularly advantageous embodiment for Li-ion based electrochemical devices, the packaging device 10 includes means for adsorbing or absorbing moisture that may inadvertently exist in the housing 12 or by absorbing any trace amounts of gas which may be formed inside any of the cells 42 during normal mode of use or during abuse conditions For example, the means for absorbing moisture may be a moisture barrier that includes moisture-trapping agents such as zeolite or silica powder or beads Other agents may also be used to adsorb and absorb moisture or any other volatile components such as carbon dioxide or hydrocarbons within the packaging device 10 Alternatively catalytic agents may be used to recombme gaseous compounds formed by the cells 42, such as hydrogen plus oxygen being converted back to water Such an arrangement may be of particular use for aqueous battenes such as lead-acid, nickel-cadmium or nickel-metal hydride
In another embodiment schematically shown in FIGURE 5, the first cavity 24 may consist of a deep-drawn thin metal foil dish of preferably less than lmm thickness and the second "cavity" 26 of a flat metal foil of preferably less than lmm thickness FIGURE 5 shows as an example a packaging device 10 comprising two electrochemical units 41, 41', which are connected in parallel within the housing 12 In this specific embodiment, the entire metallic housing corresponds to the negative pole of the electrochemical storage device Thus one of the external leads 44 may be directly welded, bolted, riveted or otherwise secured to the housing The second external lead 44' may be connected to an insulated, hermetically sealed feed-through element 50 which is connected to a central device terminal plate 40" via an internal lead contact 51 The two metallic segments 24, 26 of the housing 10 of this particular embodiment may be welded together by a TIG welding process Vacuum may then be applied through a vacuum port 52 In a preferred embodiment, vacuum port 52 can act in addition as a safety valve for the case of excessive internal pressure The housing 12 can be electrically insulated by encapsulating the housing in a shrink wrap, a secondary insulating casing or any other encapsulant known to those skilled in the art
Thus, by fabricating the packaging device 10 according to the features and steps of the present invention, the packaging device 10 for electrochemical devices such as secondary batteries and supercapacitors is advantageously 1) hermetically sealed to minimize atmospheric ingress and/or electrolyte egress. 2) provides a means for current collection from at least two cells, 3) exerts mechanical pressure up to one atmosphere, 4) provides additional safety by electrically insulating the unit terminal plates 43 and/or device terminal plates 40, 5) may provide additional safety by comprising a safety valve which, at the same time, may act as the vacuum port, and 6) may provide additional mechanical protection for the electrochemical device
The principles of the invention described above, and specifically claimed herein, were used to assemble a battery device consistent with the above disclosure However, the present disclosure is not intended to limit the invention to any of the particularly disclosed structures, except insofar as the appended claims are so limited
In order to construct a device according to the present invention and to compare with the state of the art, two identical bipolar electrochemical monolithic units were prepared Each of the electrochemical units consisted of one anode end plate, a bipolar plate and a cathode endplate The anodes consisted of a dried 100x100 mm2 film coated from a slurry of Lι4Tι50i2, carbon black and PVDF in N-methyl-2-pyrrolιdιnone onto a 120x120 mm2 sheet of 75 μm thick aluminum foil, which was previously primed with a thin carbonaceous film The cathodes consisted of a dried 100x100 mm2 film coated from a slurry of Li- υsCr0 njMn- 9O4, carbon black and PVDF in N-methyl-2-pyrrolιdιnone onto a 120x120 mm2 sheet of 75 μm thick aluminum foil, which was previously primed with a thin carbonaceous film Bipolar batteries were obtained by stacking the anode end plate, the bipolar plate and the cathode end plate - each separated by a layer of polyolefinic microporous separator - on top of each other and by heat-sealing almost all around their entire perimeter using Surlyn® 1652 film-based frames 2 4 ml of electrolyte consisting of 1M LιPF6 in a 1 1 mixture of ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate was then injected into each of the cells through the non-sealed portion of the perimeter of the device The whole assembly was then evacuated to close to -1 0 bar, heat-sealed under vacuum, to close the remaining unsealed portions of the perimeter, and then allowed to equilibrate back to ambient pressure This procedure resulted in two identical 2-cell bipolar monolithic units of 5 V nominal voltage Example 1
Two 2mm thick aluminum plates of 146x146 mm2 size were each fitted with a 4 5 mm diameter aluminum rod of 10mm length, brazed perpendicularly to one aluminum face, for the purpose of electrical contact A circular hole of 14mm diameter was punched into each of two 200x200 mm2 size sheets of packaging film based on a PET/alummum/polyolefin laminate obtained from Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd The hole was positioned to properly fit the aforementioned aluminum contact rod through its center The two pieces of packaging film were heat-welded each to one face ofthe aforementioned 146x146 mm2 size aluminum plates using a hydraulic press with heated platens One platen was modified to suitably accommodate the aforementioned aluminum contact rod without exerting any pressure on said rod The first ofthe aforementioned two identical 2-cell bipolar monolithic units of 5 V nominal voltage was placed between two pieces of lmm thick 100x100 mm2 nickel foam mat with 60 ppi pore size This assembly was then placed between the aforementioned 146x 146 mm2 size aluminum plates with each aluminum face contacting the outward- facing sides ofthe nickel foam mat Three edges ofthe packaging laminate were thermally sealed together over the entire length ofthe packaging film and over a width of close to 10 mm to result in an electrochemical device inside a housing which was still open on one side This assembly was then evacuated to close to -1 0 bar, heat-sealed under vacuum, to close the remaining unsealed edge of the housing, and was then allowed to equilibrate back to ambient pressure The four sealed edge portions where when folded back to result in a hermetically packaged device "A" of less than 150x150 mm2 footprint Device "A" was connected to a commercial battery-testmg unit, using the aforementioned aluminum contact rods as electrical contacts Curve A in FIGURE 6 shows that the capacity output over 60 charge/discharge cycles, performed at the IC charge and discharge rate, is relatively stable, due to the mechanical compression of close to 1 kg/cm" exerted by the pressure differential between inside and outside the housing The housing effectively minimizes ingress and egress of moisture and any other volatile components, effectively collects the current from the two cells of the device, exerts mechanical pressure onto the electrode plates, and offers effective insulation ofthe unit terminal plates and is therefore in the spirit of this invention
Example 2
The second ofthe two identical 2-cell bipolar monolithic units of 5 V nominal voltage was placed between two pieces of lmm thick 100x100 mm2 nickel foam mat with 60 ppi pore size This assembly was then placed between two terminal plates of lmm aluminum of 100x100 mm2 size, with a 10 mm wide tab being integral part of each sheet, and then between two insulating plates of lmm FORMICA® sheet of 110x110 mm2 size This assembly was then placed into a spring-loaded mechanical compression device based on 200x200mm2 size aluminum platens of 20mm thickness The mechanical device was tightened, using four bolts, four spring loads and four M8-threaded bars to exert a total force of 981 N over an area of 100x100 mm2 size, I e a pressure of 1 kg/cm2 The resulting electrochemical device "B" has the disadvantage of being very heavy and relatively large and is therefore not in the spirit ofthe present invention This example is included for comparative purposes only Electrochemical device "B" was connected to a commercial battery-testing unit, using the aforementioned tabs ofthe two terminal plates as electrical contacts Curve B in FIGURE 6 shows that capacity output over 60 charge/discharge cycles performed at the IC rate is very similar to curve A obtained for the much lighter and more compact device "A" according to the present invention
Example 3
A third electrochemical device "C" was prepared based on the same type of electrodes of
100x100 mm size coated onto 75 μm thick aluminum foil The only difference consisted in the size ofthe aluminum foil unit terminal plates which were cut to 120x160 mm2, in order to create electrical contact areas (= tabs) to the unit terminal plates outside the sealed area, while taking particular care not to create any short circuit between the tabs The bipolar battery of this example was obtained by stacking the anode end plate (120x160 mm2), the bipolar plate (120x120 mm2) and the cathode end plate (120x160 mm2) - each separated by a layer of polyolefinic microporous separator - on top of each other and by heat-sealing almost all around their entire perimeter using Surlyn® 1652 film-based frames 2 4 ml of electrolyte consisting of IM LιPF6 in a 1 1 mixture of ethyl ene carbonate and diethyl carbonate was then injected into each of the cells through the non-sealed portion of the perimeter ofthe device The whole assembly was then evacuated to close to -1 0 bar. heat-sealed under vacuum, to close the remaining unsealed portions of the perimeter, and then allowed to equilibrate back to ambient pressure This procedure resulted in a 2-cell bipolar monolithic unit "C" of 5 V nominal voltage No additional mechanical force was exerted to electrochemical unit "C". which was connected to a commercial battery-testing unit, using the aforementioned tabs as electrical contacts Curve C in FIGURE 6 shows that the capacity output over 60 charge/discharge cvcles performed at the IC rate fades considerably faster than for the device according to the present invention shown by curve B in FIGURE 6 Example 3 therefore documents the importance of properly adjusted mechanical compression for the specific devices documented in above Examples The foregoing description, drawings and examples merely explain and illustrate the invention and the invention is not limited thereto except insofar as the appended claims are so limited, as those skilled in the art that have the disclosure before them will be able to make modifications without departing from the scope ofthe invention

Claims

What we claim is
1 A packaging device for use in association with a device requiring mechanical pressure up to about one atmosphere, compnstng a housing having at least two segments, an edge surface, and a region adjacent to the edge surface for enabling placement, and, in turn, encapsulation of at least a portion of a device requiring mechanical pressure within the housing, means for securing the at least two segments , and - means for imparting mechanical pressure within the housing on the portion ofthe device requiring mechanical pressure
2 The invention according to Claim 1. additionally comprising means for folding the housing along a transverse axis located between at least two ofthe at least two segments
3 The invention according to Claim 2, wherein the folding means comprises a fold region along the transverse axis
4 The invention according to Claim 2, wherein the housing comprises a first cavity on one side ofthe transverse axis and a second cavity on another side ofthe transverse axis and both ofthe first and second cavities having a periphery corresponding to the penphety of each other The invention according to Claim 4, wherein the periphery ofthe first and second cavities is of substantially equal distance from the transverse axis of the housing so as to result in a substantially symmetric orientation ofthe periphery ofthe first and second cavities relative to the transverse axis
The invention according to Claim 5. wherein the first and second cavities have corresponding geometries
The invention according to Claim 1 , wherein the securing means results in a hermetic seal The invention according to Claim 7, wherein the securing means includes means for sealing the housing so as to preclude ingress or egress of moisture in and out ofthe housing
The invention according to Claim 1, wherein the mechanical pressure imparting means comprises the housing, once hermetically sealed, containing a vacuum
The invention according to Claim 1 , wherein the device comprises an electrochemical device having one or more electrochemical cells, with its terminals being properly insulated
The invention according to Claim 10, wherein the electrical insulation is achieved through an insulating layer throughout the two segments ofthe housing
The invention according to Claim 10, wherein the electrical insulation is achieved through at least one electrical insulating feed-through element through the housing wall The invention according to Claim 10. wherein the housing includes means for attaching at least one terminal plate ofthe electrochemical device to a surface ofthe housing
The invention according to Claim 13, wherein the attaching means comprises a bonding material associated with a surface of the housing, wherein such material results in a bond between the at least one terminal plate and a surface ofthe housing
The invention according to Claim 10, the housing having one or more cavities, wherein the electrochemical device is operatively positioned within the one or more cavities
The invention according to claim 10, wherein the electrochemical device comprises two or more electrochemical cells electrically connected in at least one of series and parallel connections
The invention according to claim 16, wherein the electrochemical cells connected in series are in bipolar configuration
The invention according to Claim 1 further comprising means for adsorbing or absorbing moisture that may inadvertently exist in the housing
The invention according to Claim 18, wherein the adsorbing or absorbing means is a moisture barrier The invention according to Claim 19, wherein the moisture barrier includes moisture trapping agents such as zeolite, silica powder and beads
The invention according to Claim 1, wherein the housing is fabricated from a sheet of impermeable material
The invention according to Claim 21. wherein the impermeable material is a metal or a metal-polymer combination
The invention according to Claim 1, wherein the housing includes one or more lead openings
The invention according to Claim 23, wherein the at least one lead opening is protected by an electrical insulation
The invention according to Claim 1, wherein a significant part ofthe housing is electrically insulated
The invention according to Claim 25, wherein the electrical insulation is a layer of insulating film, insulating self-adhesive tape or insulating shrink tubing
The invention according to Claim 1, wherein the housing comprises a safety valve The invention according to Claim 1 , wherein the housing comprises agents for trapping any gaseous products released by the device, such as carbon dioxide, hydrogen, hydrocarbons or oxygenated hydrocarbons
A packaging device for use in association with an electrochemical device requiring mechanical pressure up to about one atmosphere, comprising a housing having at least two segments, an edge surface, and a region adjacent to the edge surface for enabling placement, and, in turn, encapsulation of at least a portion of an electrochemical device requiring mechanical pressure within the housing, - means for securing the at least two segments , and means for imparting mechanical pressure within the housing on the portion of the electrochemical device requiring mechanical pressure The invention according to Claim 29, additionally comprising means for folding the housing along a transverse axis located between at least two ofthe at least two segments
The invention according to Claim 30, wherein the folding means comprises a fold region along the transverse axis
The invention according to Claim 30, wherein the housing comprises a first cavity on one side ofthe transverse axis and a second cavity on another side ofthe transverse axis and both of the first and second cavities having a penphery corresponding to the periphery of each other The invention according to Claim 32, wherein the periphery ofthe first and second cavities is of substantially equal distance from the transverse axis o the housing so as to result in a substantially symmetric orientation ofthe periphery ofthe first and second cavities relative to the transverse axis
The invention according to Claim 33. wherein the first and second cavities have corresponding geometries
The invention according to Claim 29, wherein the securing means results in a hermetic seal
The invention according to Claim 35, wherein the securing means includes means for sealing the housing so as to preclude ingress or egress of moisture in and out ofthe housing
The invention according to Claim 29, wherein the mechanical pressure imparting means comprises the housing, once hermetically sealed, containing a vacuum
The invention according to Claim 29, wherein the electrochemical device comprises one or more electrochemical cells, with its terminals being properly insulated
The invention according to Claim 38, wherein the electrical insulation is achieved through an insulating layer throughout the two segments ofthe housing
The invention according to Claim 38. wherein the electrical insulation is achieved through at least one electrical insulating feed-through element through the housing wall The invention according to Claim 38, wherein the housing includes means for attaching at least one terminal plate ofthe electrochemical device to a surface ofthe housing
The invention according to Claim 41, wherein the attaching means comprises a bonding material associated with a surface of the housing, wherein such material results in a bond between the at least one terminal plate and a surface ofthe housing
The invention according to Claim 29, the housing having one or more cavities, wherein the electrochemical device is operatively positioned within the one or more cavities
The invention according to claim 29, wherein the electrochemical device comprises two or more electrochemical cells electrically connected in at least one of series and parallel connections
The invention according to claim 44, wherein the electrochemical cells connected in series are in bipolar configuration
The invention according to Claim 29 further comprising means for adsorbing or absorbing moisture that may inadvertently exist in the housing The invention according to Claim 46, wherein the adsorbing or absorbing means is a moisture barrier
The invention according to Claim 47, wherein the moisture barrier includes moisture trapping agents such as zeolite, silica powder and beads The invention according to Claim 29. wherem the housmg is fabricated from a sheet of impermeable matenal
The invention according to Claim 49, wherem the impermeable material is a metal or a metal-polymer combination
The invention accordmg to Claim 29, wherem the housmg includes one or more lead openings
The mvention accordmg to Claim 51 , wherem the at least one lead openmg is protected by an electrical insulation
The mvention according to Claim 29. wherem a significant part ofthe housmg is electncally insulated The mvention accordmg to Claim 53, wherem the electrical insulation is a layer of insulating film, insulating self-adhesive tape or insulating shrink tubing
The invention according to Claim 29. wherem the housmg comprises a safety valve
The mvention accordmg to Claim 29, wherem the housing compnses agents for trapping any gaseous products released by the device, such as carbon dioxide, hydrogen, hydrocarbons or oxygenated hydrocarbons A packagmg device for use in association with an electrochemical device requirmg mechanical pressure up to about one atmosphere, comprising a housing havmg at least two segments, an edge surface, and a region adjacent to the edge surface for enabling placement, and, in turn, encapsulation of at least a portion of an electrochemical device requirmg mechanical pressure withm the housmg. means for securing the at least two segments , and means for imparting mechanical pressure within the housmg on the portion of the electrochemical device requirmg mechanical pressure, the mechanical pressure imparting means comprising the housmg containing a vacuum
The mvention accordmg to Claim 57, additionally comprising means for folding the housmg along a transverse axis located between at least two ofthe at least two segments
The invention accordmg to Claim 58, wherem the foldmg means comprises a fold region along the transverse axis
The mvention according to Claim 58, wherem the housing comprises a first cavity on one side ofthe transverse axis and a second cavity on another side ofthe transverse axis and both of the first and second cavities having a periphery correspondmg to the periphery of each other
The mvention accordmg to Claim 60, wherein the periphery ofthe first and second cavities is of substantially equal distance from the transverse axis ofthe housmg so as to result in a substantially symmetric orientation ofthe periphery ofthe first and second cavities relative to the transverse axis
The mvention accordmg to Claim 61. wherem the first and second cavities have correspondmg geometries
The invention accordmg to Claim 57, wherem the securing means results m a hermetic seal
The mvention accordmg to Claim 63, wherein the securing means includes means for sealing the housmg so as to preclude ingress or egress of moisture m and out ofthe housing
The invention according to Claim 57, wherein the electrochemical device comprises one or more electrochemical cells, with its terminals bemg properly insulated
The mvention accordmg to Claim 65, wherem the electrical insulation is achieved through an insulating layer throughout the two segments ofthe housmg
The mvention according to Claim 65, wherem the electrical insulation is achieved through at least one electrical insulating feed-through element through the housmg wall
The mvention accordmg to Claim 65. wherem the housmg mcludes means for attaching at least one terminal plate ofthe electrochemical device to a surface ofthe housmg The invention according to Claim 68. wherein the attachmg means comprises a bonding material associated with a surface of the housmg, wherem such material results in a bond between the at least one terminal plate and a surface ofthe housmg
The mvention accordmg to Claim 57, the housmg havmg one or more cavities, wherein the electrochemical device is operatively positioned within the one or more cavities
The mvention according to claim 57, wherein the electrochemical device comprises two or more electrochemical cells electrically connected in at least one of series and parallel connections
The mvention accordmg to claim 71, wherem the electrochemical cells connected m series are m bipolar configuration
The mvention accordmg to Claim 57 further compπsmg means for adsorbmg or absorbmg moisture that may inadvertently exist in the housing
The invention accordmg to Claim 73. wherem the adsorbing or absorbmg means is a moisture barrier
The mvention accordmg to Claim 74, wherein the moisture barrier includes moisture trappmg agents such as zeolite, silica powder and beads The invention according to Claim 57. wherem the housmg is fabricated from a sheet of impermeable material 77 The invention according to Claim 76, wherem the impermeable material is a metal or a metal-polymer combmation
78 The mvention accordmg to Claim 57, wherem the housmg includes one or more lead openings
79 The mvention accordmg to Claim 78, wherem the at least one lead openmg is protected by an electrical insulation
80 The mvention accordmg to Claim 57, wherem a significant part ofthe housing is electncally insulated
81 The mvention accordmg to Claim 80, wherem the electrical insulation is a layer of msulatmg film, msulatmg self-adhesive tape or msulatmg shrink tubmg
82 The mvention accordmg to Claim 57, wherem the housmg compnses a safety valve
83 The mvention accordmg to Claim 57, wherem the housmg compnses agents for trapping any gaseous products released by the device, such as carbon dioxide, hydrogen, hydrocarbons or oxygenated hydrocarbons
Method for constructmg a packagmg device for use m association with an electrochemical device, wherem the method comprises the steps of fabπcatmg a housmg having at least two segments and one or more lead openings, forming one or more cavities m at least one ofthe segments ofthe housmg, wherem the one or more cavities have an open region adjacent to the edge surface for enablmg placement, and, in turn, encapsulation of at least a portion of an electrochemical device withm the cavity, securmg the housmg using a securement process, and exerting mechanical pressure on the electrochemical device by applying a vacuum to the inside of the housmg
The process accordmg to Claim 84. wherein the step of forming one or more cavities includes the step of forming a first cavity on one side ofthe transverse axis and a second cavity another side of the transverse axis, such that both ofthe first and second cavities have a periphery correspondmg to the periphery of each other
The process accordmg to Claim 85. wherem the step of forming first and second cavities includes the step of - forming the first and second cavities such that the periphery ofthe first and second cavities are at a substantially equal distance from the transverse axis ofthe housmg so as to result in a substantially symmetric orientation ofthe periphery ofthe first and second cavities relative to the transverse axis 87 The process accordmg to Claim 86, wherem the step of forming the first and second cavities mcludes the step of forming the first and second cavities to have correspondmg geometries
88 The process accordmg to Claim 84, wherem the step of forming one or more cavities mcludes the step of forming one or more cavities by a deep-drawn process
89 The process accordmg to Claim 84. wherein the step of forming one or more cavities mcludes the step of forming one or more cavities by a deep-drawn process us g heat sealable laminate
90 The process accordmg to Claim 84, wherem the step of using a securement process to the housing mcludes the step of applymg the securement process to at least a portion ofthe top surface ofthe housing on at least one side ofthe transverse axis
91 The process accordmg to Claim 90, wherem the step of using the securement process to the housing mcludes sealmg the housing to form a hermetic seal to the housmg after folding
92 The process accordmg to Claim 91 , wherem sealing the housmg mcludes sealmg the housmg so as to preclude mgress or egress of moisture m and out ofthe one or more cavities
93 The process accordmg to Claim 84, wherem the step of fabncatmg a housmg mcludes the step of attaching at least one terminal plate of the associated electrochemical device to a surface ofthe housing 94 The process accordmg to Claim 84, wherem the electrochemical device comprises two or more electrochemical cells electrically connected m at least one of series and parallel connections
95 A method for constructmg a packagmg device for use m association and an associated electrochemical device, wherein the method comprises the steps of fabncatmg a housmg havmg a transverse axis, a top surface, a bottom surface and one or more lead openings, forming one or more cavities on at least one side ofthe transverse axis ofthe housmg. wherem the one or more cavities have an open region adjacent to the top surface for enablmg placement, and, m turn, encapsulation of at least a portion of the electrochemical device withm the cavity, forming a fold region along the transverse axis, wherem. upon folding, an electrochemical device is encased within the housing, - securmg the housmg m a folded orientation usmg a securement process, attachmg one or more termmal plates of an associated electrical device to one or more surfaces ofthe housing, and exerting mechanical pressure on the electrochemical device by applymg a vacuum to the mside ofthe housmg
96 The process accordmg to Claim 95. wherein the step of formmg one or more cavities mcludes the step of forming a first cavity on one side ofthe transverse axis and a second cavity on another side of the transverse axis, such that both ofthe first and second cavities have a periphery correspondmg to the periphery of each other
97 The process according to Claim 96, wherein the step of formmg the first a second cavity mcludes the step of formmg the first and second cavities such that the periphery ofthe first and second cavities are formed to be substantially equal distance from the transverse axis ofthe housmg so as to result in a substantially symmetric orientation ofthe periphery ofthe first and second cavities relative to the transverse axis
98 The process accordmg to Claim 97, wherem the step of forming the first and second cavities mcludes the step of formmg the first and second cavities to have correspondmg geometries
99 The process accordmg to Claim 95. further mcludmg the step of operatively positioning the electrochemical device withm the one or more cavities
100 The process accordmg to Claim 95, wherem the step of forming the one or more cavities mcludes the step of formmg the first and second cavities by a deep-drawn process 101 The process accordmg to Claim 95, wherem the step of forming one or more cavities mcludes the step of formmg the first and second cavities by a deep-drawn process using a heat sealable laminate
102 The process accordmg to Claim 95, wherem the step of using a securement process includes the step of applymg the securement process to at least a portion ofthe top surface of the housing on at least one side ofthe transverse axis
103 The process accordmg to Claim 102, wherein the step of usmg a securement process mcludes sealmg the housmg to form a hermetic seal to the housmg after folding
104 The process accordmg to Claim 103, wherem the step of sealmg the housing mcludes sealmg the housing so as to preclude mgress or egress of moisture in and out ofthe one or more cavities
105 The process according to Claim 95, wherein the step of attaching one or more terminal plates ofthe associated electrical device to the bottom surface ofthe housing includes the step of thermally bondmg one or more termmal plates of an associated device to the bottom surface ofthe housing
106 The process accordmg to Claim 95, wherem the electrochemical device comprises at least two electrochemical cells electrically connected in at least one of series and parallel connection
PCT/IB2003/002145 2002-05-08 2003-05-08 Packaging device for an electrochemical device and method for making the same WO2003096441A2 (en)

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Cited By (8)

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EP1744393A2 (en) * 2005-07-12 2007-01-17 Nissan Motor Company Limited Improvements in or relating to batteries
EP2425485A1 (en) * 2009-04-28 2012-03-07 Lightening Energy A high voltage modular battery with electrically-insulated cell module and interconnector peripheries
US8822064B2 (en) 2009-12-31 2014-09-02 Lightening Energy Modular battery with polymeric compression sealing
US8865337B2 (en) 2008-03-24 2014-10-21 Lightening Energy Modular battery, an interconnector for such batteries and methods related to modular batteries
JP2018081820A (en) * 2016-11-16 2018-05-24 日産自動車株式会社 battery
EP3428992A4 (en) * 2016-03-10 2019-02-20 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Battery pack
CN109638179A (en) * 2017-10-05 2019-04-16 美国亚德诺半导体公司 Battery case
CN112997349A (en) * 2018-11-07 2021-06-18 拉特格斯,新泽西州立大学 Closure for electrochemical cell

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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1744393A2 (en) * 2005-07-12 2007-01-17 Nissan Motor Company Limited Improvements in or relating to batteries
EP1744393A3 (en) * 2005-07-12 2009-09-23 Nissan Motor Company Limited Improvements in or relating to batteries
US7759005B2 (en) 2005-07-12 2010-07-20 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Bipolar battery and vehicle that contains the batteries
US8865337B2 (en) 2008-03-24 2014-10-21 Lightening Energy Modular battery, an interconnector for such batteries and methods related to modular batteries
EP2425485A1 (en) * 2009-04-28 2012-03-07 Lightening Energy A high voltage modular battery with electrically-insulated cell module and interconnector peripheries
US20130108910A1 (en) * 2009-04-28 2013-05-02 Lightening Energy High voltage modular battery with electrically-insulated cell module and interconnector peripheries
EP2425485A4 (en) * 2009-04-28 2014-02-19 Lightening Energy A high voltage modular battery with electrically-insulated cell module and interconnector peripheries
US8822064B2 (en) 2009-12-31 2014-09-02 Lightening Energy Modular battery with polymeric compression sealing
EP3428992A4 (en) * 2016-03-10 2019-02-20 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Battery pack
JP2018081820A (en) * 2016-11-16 2018-05-24 日産自動車株式会社 battery
CN109638179A (en) * 2017-10-05 2019-04-16 美国亚德诺半导体公司 Battery case
CN112997349A (en) * 2018-11-07 2021-06-18 拉特格斯,新泽西州立大学 Closure for electrochemical cell

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