WO2003015913A1

WO2003015913A1 - Inclined angle tubular reactor

Info

Publication number: WO2003015913A1
Application number: PCT/DE2002/002941
Authority: WO
Inventors: Bruno Berger
Original assignee: Bruno Berger
Priority date: 2001-08-14
Filing date: 2002-08-09
Publication date: 2003-02-27
Also published as: DE10138828A1; DE20113127U1

Abstract

The invention relates to a homogeneous or heterogeneous inclined angle chemical tubular reactor that comprises two or more straight or bent inclined tubes (17; 15, 16) that are inclined relative to the horizontal (1) at an acute angle α which ranges between 40° and 80°. The inclined tubes (17; 15, 16) are aligned in parallel relative to each other or they taper relative to each other or intersect at least with respect to their lower section (2), or they communicate as a whole or at least in the area of their lower sections (2) in a Y or V shape. In the area of coincidence of the lower areas of the inclined tubes (17; 15, 16) or below said area, one or more outlet openings (19) for a chemical substance (9) that has a higher specific weight is/are provided and can be continuously or discontinuously opened and closed.

Description

Sαhrägrohrreaktor

The present invention relates to a homogeneous or heterogeneous chemical reactor, optionally for homogeneous or heterogeneous reactions and phase separations with the features specified in the preamble of claim 1.

A bed reactor is known from the prior art, in which a liquid stream or gas stream is passed through a stratification of solid particles. The primary solid flow can be a reactant, a catalyst or an inert substance. The structure is a vertical tower. The flow is from top to bottom.

Such a known bed reactor has numerous disadvantages:

A particularly serious disadvantage of the known bed reactor can be seen in the fact that, for example in the case of a plurality of reaction products, it only releases a mixture thereof, which can be laborious, time-consuming and requires considerable equipment outlay.

In addition, with a bed reactor there is always the risk of the reactor becoming clogged when it is charged with more viscous or solid substances.

A bed reactor is therefore not suitable for phase separation and for the separation of solid or viscous substances. The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a chemical reactor which, on the one hand, enables chemical reactions to be carried out and, on the other, at the same time, depending on the specific weight of the substances contained in or formed in the reaction mixture, their separation (phase separation) to be particularly effective , simple, inexpensive and quick manner and without additional equipment, excluding the risk of clogging.

According to the invention, this object is achieved in a generic device by the features specified in the characterizing part of patent claim 1.

Particularly preferred embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

Embodiments of the invention are described in more detail with reference to the drawing. It shows:

1 shows a schematic cross section through an inclined tube reactor according to the invention with a bypass.

The homogeneous or heterogeneous chemical inclined tube reactor according to the invention can be used, for example, for homogeneous gas or liquid phase reactions or heterogeneous gas, liquid-liquid or solid-liquid reactions or for homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysis and / or for phase separations, separation purposes or the like. As a rule, the inclined tube reactor according to the invention comprises one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten or more straight or curved inclined tubes (17; 15, 16).

These inclined tubes (17; 15, 16) are aligned at an acute angle α with respect to the horizontal (1), for example, or can cut the horizontal (1) at an acute angle α, preferably in the range from 40 ° to 80 ° is in a range from 45 ° to 78 °, in particular in a range from 55 ° to 75 °.

In general, the inclined pipes (17; 15, 16) are parallel to each other or at least aligned with each other with respect to their lower section (2).

As an alternative to this, the inclined pipes (17; 15, 16) can cut or can be connected to one another in their entirety or at least in the area of their lower sections (2) in a Y or V-like manner (see FIG. 1).

Preferably in the area of the meeting of the lower areas (2) of the inclined tubes (17; 15, 16) or below this area are one or more continuously or discontinuously openable and closable outlet openings (19) for a chemical substance (9) with a larger specific Weight provided.

As a rule, the chemical reactor according to the invention has, in the upper end region (3) of the at least one inclined inlet pipe (16), one or more inlet openings (4) for the reaction mixture (5) to be converted and / or separated. In the end region (s) (8) of the one or more inclined outlet pipes (15), the chemical reactor according to the invention can each have one or more outlet openings (6), optionally for the at least partially or completely converted reaction product (7) with a lower specific weight and / or for another chemical substance to be separated with a lower specific weight.

It is obvious that the chemical reactor according to the invention can be operated continuously (flow reactor) or discontinuously.

In particularly preferred embodiments, the chemical reactor according to the invention comprises, in its upper region and / or in its central region and / or in its lower region, one or more bypasses (18) for connecting all inclined pipes (17; 16, 15) or at least one Part of it.

As a rule, each bypass (18) is oriented essentially horizontally or obliquely.

Preferably, the at least one inlet inclined tube (16) of the chemical inclined tube reactor according to the invention comprises one or more swirling devices (21) in sections or over its entire length.

These swirling devices (21) are designed, for example, in the form of cascades (20) or stairs and are used in particular for phase separation and / or for mixing the reaction mixture (5) to be reacted and thus for increasing the reaction rate and the reactor throughput. The flow velocity of the reaction mixture (5) to be converted and / or separated in the inlet inclined tube (16), for example with a swirling device (21), is preferably in the range from 0.01 m per second to 2.0 m per second from 0.02 to 1.5 m per second, in particular in the range from 0.03 m per second to 1.0 m per second.

In particularly preferred embodiments of the chemical reactor according to the invention, each outlet inclined tube can

(15) or at least a part thereof or one or more swirling devices (22) on the inside in sections or over its entire length. These swirling devices (22) in the outlet pipe (s) (15) are designed, for example, in the form of baffles, baffle plates or in the form of a static mixer rotating or fixed about its longitudinal axis or a screw conveyor. These swirling devices (22) in the outlet pipe (s) (15) are used, for example, to retain solids or media of higher specific gravity and, if appropriate, to bring about a final and complete reaction.

In the case of the chemical inclined tube reactor according to the invention, both that or the inlet inclined tubes can

(16) as well as the or the inclined outlet pipes (15) in sections or over their entire length internals (20, 21, 22).

These internals (20, 21, 22) are designed, for example, in the form of lamellae, fiber bundle packs, baffle plates, screw conveyors, static mixers, guide plates, packing elements such as Raschig rings, cooling coils, heating coils, Venturi nozzles or metering units. The chemical inclined tube reactor according to the invention can optionally be designed to be directly or indirectly heatable and / or coolable and can be operated in a wide temperature range from approximately 50 Kelvin to approximately 400 ° C.

Furthermore, the chemical inclined tube reactor according to the invention can preferably be operated essentially at ambient pressure. Of course, the chemical inclined tube reactor according to the invention can, however, be designed in such a way that it can be subjected to a negative pressure or an excess pressure of up to approximately 200 bar.

The chemical inclined tube reactor according to the invention is for example for transesterification, polymerization, decanting, phase separation, emulsion separation, oil and / or waste oil separation, as a chemical reactor, as a coalescence filter, as a clarifier, as a mixer, as a washer, as a classifier, as a fermenter or usable as a bioreactor, optionally for dairy products, dyes, plastics, oils or fats, organic compounds or inorganic compounds and for use in the field of chemistry of oils and fats.

Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for reacting chemical substances (5) with one another and for substantially simultaneous separation, separation or phase separation of chemical substances (9) formed during the reaction and / or of chemicals already contained in the reaction mixture introduced into the reactor Substances from each other. Within the scope of the method according to the invention, chemically reactive substances (5) and / or chemical substances to be separated from one another, for example via one or more inlet openings (4) of one or more slanted inlet pipes (16), can be fed continuously or discontinuously into a chemical sloping tube reactor according to the invention which is also described above be introduced.

The flow rate of the substances (5) supplied within the inclined inlet pipe (16) is, for example, in the range from 0.01 m per second to 2.0 m per second, preferably in the range from 0.02 per second to 1.5 m per second, especially in the range of 0.03 rα per second to 1.0 m per second.

As a rule, the chemically reactive substances (5) are optionally in a sloping tube reactor (17; 15, 16) described in more detail above at a pressure in the range from negative pressure to about 200 bar and at a temperature in the range from 50 Kelvin to 400 ° C brought to react with one another over one or more lines (17; 15, 16) with swirling devices (21, 22).

The resulting reaction products (7, 9) and / or the chemical substances introduced into the inclined tube reactor can then preferably be separated according _to their specific weight.

In this separation, the chemical substances (9) with a higher specific weight generally settle in the lower region (2) of the inclined tube reactor. Where appropriate, those chemical substances (9) which, due to their higher specific weight, have settled, for example, in the lower region (2) of the chemical inclined tube reactor according to the invention, can be fed continuously via one or more lower outlet openings (19), optionally with a metering device (10) or be discharged discontinuously from the inclined tube reactor.

While the substances (9) with a higher specific weight settle, for example, in the lower region (2) of the chemical inclined tube reactor according to the invention, the chemical substances (7) with a lower specific weight flow directly and / or indirectly through one or more of them or bypasses (18) connecting the inlet inclined tubes (16) with the outlet inclined tube (s) (15) to the outlet inclined tubes (15), optionally provided at least in sections with a swirling device (22).

As a rule, the chemical substances (7) with a lower specific weight can be removed via one or more outlet openings (6) in the upper end regions (8) of the outlet tube or tubes (15).

In summary, it can be stated that the chemical inclined tube reactor according to the invention, even in the case of several reaction products, does not give off a mixture thereof, which can be laborious, time-consuming and can be separated with considerable expenditure on equipment. Rather, the chemical inclined tube reactor according to the invention allows a particularly effective, simple, fast and, in particular, no further apparatus to be used, continuous or discontinuous phase separation or separation of reaction products formed or other substances contained in the reaction mixture depending on their different specific weights.

A serious advantage of the chemical inclined tube reactor according to the invention can also be seen in the fact that, in contrast to the bed reactor, there is no danger of the reactor becoming clogged, even if it is loaded with more viscous or even solid substances.

The chemical inclined tube reactor according to the invention is consequently not only suitable for reacting reactants with very high degrees of conversion of up to 99.99%, but also for phase separation and for the separation of solid or viscous substances.

In the context of the present invention, a chemical inclined tube reactor and a method using it are therefore described, the inclined tube reactor on the one hand allowing chemical reactions to be carried out and on the other hand at least depending on the specific weight of the substances contained in or formed in the reaction mixture, their separation (Phase separation) in a particularly effective, simple, inexpensive and fast manner and without additional equipment, excluding the risk of clogging.

Claims

claims

1. Homogeneous or heterogeneous chemical reactor optionally for homogeneous gas or liquid phase reactions or heterogeneous gas, liquid-liquid or solid-liquid reactions or for homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysis and / or for phase separations or separation purposes, characterized in that it comprises two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten or more straight or curved inclined tubes (17; 15, 16), which are pointed in one in relation to the horizontal (1)

Are aligned or at an acute angle

Cut angle α, which is in the range from 40 ° to 80 °, preferably in a range from 45 ° to 78 °, in particular in a range from 55 ° to 75 °, the inclined tubes (17; 15, 16) parallel to one another or at least with respect to their lower section (2) are aligned towards one another or intersect or are connected to one another in their entirety or at least in the area of their lower sections (2) in a Y-like or V-like manner, and in the area where the lower areas of the inclined tubes (17; 15, 16) or below this area one or more continuously or discontinuously openable and closable outlet openings (19) are provided for a chemical substance (9) with a larger specific weight.

2. Reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that it in the upper end region (3) of the at least one inlet inclined tube (16) has one or more inlet openings (4) for the reaction mixture (5) to be converted and / or separated and in which or the end regions (8) of the one or more inclined outlet pipes (15) each have one or more outlet openings (6), optionally for the at least partially or completely converted, specifically lighter reaction product (7) and / or for another chemical substance to be separated with a lower specific weight has, wherein the reactor can be operated continuously or discontinuously.

3. Reactor according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has in its upper region and / or in its central region and / or in its lower region one or more bypasses (18) for connecting all inclined pipes (17; 16, 15) or a part thereof, each bypass (18) being oriented substantially horizontally or obliquely.

4. Reactor according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least the inclined inlet pipe (16) of the reactor comprises sections or over its entire length one or more swirling devices (21), which optionally in the form of cascades (20) or Stairs are formed and are used for phase separation and / or for mixing the reaction mixture (5) to be reacted.

5. Reactor according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flow rate of the reaction mixture to be reacted (5) in the inclined inlet pipe (16) with a swirling device (21) in the range from 0.01 m per second to 2 .0 m per second, preferably in the range from 0.02 to 1.5 m per second, in particular in the range from 0.03 m per second to 1.0 m per second.

6. Reactor according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that each outlet inclined tube (15) or at least a part thereof in sections or over its entire length on the inside

Whirling devices (22) optionally in the form of impact surfaces or in the form of a static mixer rotatable or fixed about its longitudinal axis or a screw conveyor for the retention of solids or media of higher specific weight and / or to complete the reaction.

7. Reactor according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the one or more inclined tubes (16) and / or the one or more inclined tubes (15) are installed in sections or over their entire length, optionally in the form of fins , Fiber bundle packs, baffle plates, guide plates, screw conveyors, static mixers, packing elements such as Raschig rings, cooling coils, heating coils, Venturi nozzles or dosing units.

8. Reactor according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is directly or indirectly heatable and / or coolable and can be operated in a temperature range from about 50 Kelvin to about 400 ° C.

9. Reactor according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is designed to be operable both at ambient pressure and with an underpressure or overpressure up to about 200 bar.

10. Use of a reactor according to one or more of the preceding claims 1 to 9 for transesterification, polymerization, decanting, phase separation, emulsion separation, oil and / or waste oil separation, as a chemical reactor, as a coalescence filter, as a clarifier, as a mixer, as a washer, as Classifiers, as fermenters or as bioreactors, optionally for dairy products, dyes, plastics, oils or fats, organic compounds or inorganic compounds and for use in the field of the chemistry of oils and fats.

11. A process for the reaction of chemical substances (5) with one another and for the simultaneous separation, separation or phase separation of chemical substances (7, 9) formed during the reaction and / or of chemical substances already contained in the reaction mixture introduced into the reactor from one another, thereby characterized in that chemically reactive substances (5) and / or chemical substances to be separated Via one or more inlet openings (4) of one or more inclined inlet pipes (16) continuously or discontinuously and at a flow rate in the range from 0.01 m per second to 2.0 m per second, preferably in the range from 0.02 m per Seconds to 1.5 m per second, in particular in the range from 0.03 m per second to 1.0 m per second, are introduced into a chemical inclined tube reactor designed according to claims 1 to 9, in this inclined tube reactor (17; 15, 16 ) at a pressure in the range from negative pressure to about 200 bar and at a temperature in the range from 50 Kelvin to 400 ° C, if necessary over one or more distances with swirling devices (21, 22) to react with each other and the resulting reaction products (7, 9) and / or the chemical substances introduced into the inclined tube reactor are separated according to their specific weight, the chemical substances (9) increasing with settle their specific weight in the lower region of the inclined tube reactor and can be discharged continuously or discontinuously from the inclined tube reactor via one or more lower outlet openings (19), while the chemical substances (7) with a lower specific weight directly and / or indirectly via one or more the bypass (18) connecting the inlet inclined tubes (16) with the outlet inclined tube (s) (15) flows to the outlet inclined tube (s), optionally provided with a swirling device (22) at least in sections, and in their upper end regions (8) via a or several outlet openings (6) can be removed.