WO2003009401A2 - Piezoelectric transducers - Google Patents

Piezoelectric transducers Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003009401A2
WO2003009401A2 PCT/GB2002/003284 GB0203284W WO03009401A2 WO 2003009401 A2 WO2003009401 A2 WO 2003009401A2 GB 0203284 W GB0203284 W GB 0203284W WO 03009401 A2 WO03009401 A2 WO 03009401A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
piezoelectric
piezoelectric transducer
transducer
transducer according
shims
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2002/003284
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2003009401A3 (en
Inventor
Intelp Limited Of Regency Ffr
Original Assignee
Ffr Intelp Limited Of Regency House
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ffr Intelp Limited Of Regency House filed Critical Ffr Intelp Limited Of Regency House
Publication of WO2003009401A2 publication Critical patent/WO2003009401A2/en
Publication of WO2003009401A3 publication Critical patent/WO2003009401A3/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
    • H10N30/80—Constructional details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
    • H10N30/50—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices having a stacked or multilayer structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
    • H10N30/80—Constructional details
    • H10N30/87—Electrodes or interconnections, e.g. leads or terminals
    • H10N30/871—Single-layered electrodes of multilayer piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices, e.g. internal electrodes

Definitions

  • This invention relates to piezoelectric transducers, in particular to piezoelectric transducers for high power applications, which are commonly known as Langevin transducers.
  • Langevin transducers typically have a generally annular structure in which metal disc shims or electrodes typically around 0.1 mm thick are stacked between discs of piezoelectric material, conveniently a ceramic material, in a sandwich structure. Bodies of appropriate density are arranged at either end of the layered structure whereby when power is applied to the structure, the transducer is caused to transmit high frequency vibrations.
  • Piezoelectric material typically depoles at a "Curie” point of around 200°C, and the operating temperature for Langevin transducers must therefore be significantly lower typically around 30-50°C.
  • transducers are typically used in continuous manufacturing processes, such as those involving manipulating and reacting fluids. They also have application in ultrasonics, for example welding man-made textiles or packaging materials.
  • Ultrasonic Langevin transducers are typically designed to operate between 10 and 100 kHz, with an operating efficiency of typically 85%. Thus heat losses from the transducers may amount to 15%, and these heat losses become particularly significant and expensive in high power applications. At present, cooling of the transducers takes place by the circulation of air or oil around the transducer and in many applications this is relatively ineffective.
  • a piezoelectric transducer for high power applications comprises a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic layers and at least one shim, in a sandwich structure, characterised in that the shim extends substantially beyond the ceramic layers, the shim providing the cooling means of the transducer.
  • the shim may extend beyond the ceramic layers by more than 0.1 mm, conveniently 1 mm, and preferably by at least 2 mm. These values mean that the shim is effective in cooling the transducer, the higher values being more appropriate in the high power applications.
  • the electrodes Preferably there are a plurality of shims which provide electrodes. Conveniently at least one of the electrodes provides an earth and the or each earth electrode extends substantially further away from the transducer than the other electrodes. Alternatively the electrodes may be formed on or arranged separately to the shims.
  • the transducer is preferably generally annular and conveniently further comprises an insulating sleeve arranged internally in the transducer to cover the inner annular surface of the electrodes.
  • the ceramic is lead zirconate titanium, preferably polarised.
  • the shims may comprise a metal alloy, conveniently a copper alloy and preferably beryllium copper. These materials are examples of those which have good thermal diffusion and otherwise suitable properties.
  • the operating power is typically 1-3 kW and is preferably greater than 2 kW.
  • the operating frequency may be greater than 15 kHz, is conveniently greater than 18 kHz, and is typically substantially 20 kHz and is preferably greater than 20 kHz.
  • the operating temperature is conveniently less than 50°C and preferably is in the range 30 to 40°C.
  • the temperature stability provided by this invention enables the frequency and operating current of the transducer to remain substantially constant. It also gives a longer life to the piezoelectric ceramics.
  • the piezoelectric transducer further comprises an insulating layer that covers the shims.
  • a method of cooling a piezoelectric transducer of the kind set out above which comprises conveying a fluid to the transducer, passing the fluid around the transducer, and conveying the fluid through a heat exchanger.
  • the method may further comprise conveying the fluid from the heat exchanger to the transducer.
  • the fluid may be a gas, conveniently air, but in a preferred embodiment the fluid is a liquid, conveniently oil.
  • Figure 1 shows schematically a piezoelectric transducer according to a first embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 2 shows schematically a piezoelectric transducer according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 3 shows schematically a piezoelectric transducer according to a third embodiment of the invention.
  • the first embodiment of a transducer is shown generally in Figure 1. It comprises three main parts, a high density metal mass 10, conveniently made of steel, a sandwich, or layered structure 12 and a low density metal mass 14, conveniently titanium or aluminium, which provides an amplifier or horn. These three parts are generally annular and clamped together by a threaded bolt 16, which extends along the central axis of the annulus.
  • the structure of the transducer is generally conventional and only the features that differ from the prior art will be described further herein. These are predominantly features of the layered structure 12. As may be seen in Figure 1 this comprises a series of six ceramic discs 18 to 28, which are interspersed with six shims 30 to 40.
  • the shims 30 to 40 comprise positive electrodes 30, 32, 34 and negative electrodes 36, 38, 40 which stimulate the piezoelectric transducer causing it to vibrate.
  • the electrodes are arranged on the working faces of the ceramic discs (18 to 28).
  • the shims 30 to 40 extend substantially beyond the surface of the discs.
  • the diameter of the shims is substantially greater than the diameter of the discs, which provides a substantial cooling area to dissipate the heat that is generated by the inefficiency of the piezoelectric crystals.
  • An insulating sleeve 42 surrounds the inner annular surface of the layered structure 12, and prevents conduction through the threaded bolt.
  • An enlarged shim 36 can be thicker than the active electrodes to provide an effective heat sink.
  • This shim/electrode 36, the high density metal mass 10 and the low density metal mass 14 are all earthed and an insulating lacquer is sprayed onto the outer surfaces of the ceramic disc and shims to avoid arcing and improve the safety of the device.
  • the shims 30 to 40 are made from a beryllium copper alloy, and the ceramic discs are made from polarised lead zirconate titanate however other materials can be used. Since the ceramics are poor conductors of heat the internal temperature is high when the transducer is running at full power. The metal shims conduct heat efficiently from the working faces of the active ceramics.
  • Figure 2 shows schematically a second embodiment of a transducer, which is generally similar to that of Figure 1 and in which identical parts are labelled with identical numbers to that figure.
  • the shims that are positive electrodes 50, 52, 54 are of similar diameter to the ceramic discs 18 to 28 in the layered structure.
  • the shims that are earth return electrodes 44, 46, 48 have a significantly larger diameter than the ceramic discs, and provide an increased cooling effect. Further cooling is provided by holes 56 formed in the rear metal mass 14.
  • the shims shown are only one example of the many shapes and sizes of shim (or electrode or both) that will occur to the skilled reader.
  • the shims could have holes in, or they could have enlarged portions.
  • the metal end masses could also be shaped and/or perforated to increase the surface area available for cooling.
  • FIG 3 shows schematically a third embodiment of a transducer having a high density rear aluminium mass 62 and a low density front aluminium mass 64, which are separated by a sandwich structure 66.
  • Other metals and metal alloys with different densities could be used.
  • This sandwich structure is simpler than that shown in the previous two embodiments, consisting of two layers of ceramic 70 with a metal shim 72 between them.
  • the transducer functions generally as the embodiments described above.
  • the metal shim 72 provides the positive electrode, whilst the metal end masses 63, 64 are earthed. Since the simpler sandwich structure is still susceptible to overheating, by having an extended cooling shim the efficiency of the device should be improved.
  • fluids and fluidic flow patterns may be achieved using the principles outlined herein.
  • compressed or ambient air could be used, or the transducer could be vortex cooled.
  • a construction such as any of those outlined above, enable the applications for a Langevin transducer to be extended, whilst a steady temperature, well below the Curie cut off temperature, is maintained. Langevin transducers thus constructed will be likely to run more efficiently and pass more power for a given volume of ceramic, with longer life and greater reliability by virtue of the increase in heat dissipation provided by the cooling fins.
  • Either of these embodiments may be used in a method of cooling the transducer. In one embodiment of this method air is pumped around the transducer and flows between the enlarged diameter shims conducting heat away from them. It then flows around the circuit, through the heat exchanger. The shims act as cooling fins and the flow of air past the fins cools the piezoelectric crystals which helps to maintain the appropriate operating temperature. Oil is another example of suitable fluid for this application.

Abstract

Piezoelectric transducers for high power applications are detailed that comprise a plurality of piezoelectric layers (18, 20) and a plurality of shims (30, 32) that are in a sandwich structure, and in which the shims (30, 32) extend substantially beyond the piezoelectric layers. The shims may also function as electrodes and they provide the cooling means for the transducers.

Description

Piezoelectric Transducers
Description of Invention
This invention relates to piezoelectric transducers, in particular to piezoelectric transducers for high power applications, which are commonly known as Langevin transducers.
Langevin transducers typically have a generally annular structure in which metal disc shims or electrodes typically around 0.1 mm thick are stacked between discs of piezoelectric material, conveniently a ceramic material, in a sandwich structure. Bodies of appropriate density are arranged at either end of the layered structure whereby when power is applied to the structure, the transducer is caused to transmit high frequency vibrations.
Piezoelectric material typically depoles at a "Curie" point of around 200°C, and the operating temperature for Langevin transducers must therefore be significantly lower typically around 30-50°C.
Such transducers are typically used in continuous manufacturing processes, such as those involving manipulating and reacting fluids. They also have application in ultrasonics, for example welding man-made textiles or packaging materials.
Ultrasonic Langevin transducers are typically designed to operate between 10 and 100 kHz, with an operating efficiency of typically 85%. Thus heat losses from the transducers may amount to 15%, and these heat losses become particularly significant and expensive in high power applications. At present, cooling of the transducers takes place by the circulation of air or oil around the transducer and in many applications this is relatively ineffective.
There is, therefore a need for piezoelectric transducers for high power applications, which have an increased cooling efficiency. According to this invention, a piezoelectric transducer for high power applications comprises a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic layers and at least one shim, in a sandwich structure, characterised in that the shim extends substantially beyond the ceramic layers, the shim providing the cooling means of the transducer.
The shim may extend beyond the ceramic layers by more than 0.1 mm, conveniently 1 mm, and preferably by at least 2 mm. These values mean that the shim is effective in cooling the transducer, the higher values being more appropriate in the high power applications.
Preferably there are a plurality of shims which provide electrodes. Conveniently at least one of the electrodes provides an earth and the or each earth electrode extends substantially further away from the transducer than the other electrodes. Alternatively the electrodes may be formed on or arranged separately to the shims.
The transducer is preferably generally annular and conveniently further comprises an insulating sleeve arranged internally in the transducer to cover the inner annular surface of the electrodes.
Conveniently the ceramic is lead zirconate titanium, preferably polarised. The shims may comprise a metal alloy, conveniently a copper alloy and preferably beryllium copper. These materials are examples of those which have good thermal diffusion and otherwise suitable properties.
The operating power is typically 1-3 kW and is preferably greater than 2 kW. The operating frequency may be greater than 15 kHz, is conveniently greater than 18 kHz, and is typically substantially 20 kHz and is preferably greater than 20 kHz.
The operating temperature is conveniently less than 50°C and preferably is in the range 30 to 40°C. The temperature stability provided by this invention enables the frequency and operating current of the transducer to remain substantially constant. It also gives a longer life to the piezoelectric ceramics.
Preferably the piezoelectric transducer further comprises an insulating layer that covers the shims.
According to this invention there is also provided a method of cooling a piezoelectric transducer of the kind set out above which comprises conveying a fluid to the transducer, passing the fluid around the transducer, and conveying the fluid through a heat exchanger.
The method may further comprise conveying the fluid from the heat exchanger to the transducer. The fluid may be a gas, conveniently air, but in a preferred embodiment the fluid is a liquid, conveniently oil.
Preferred embodiments of a piezoelectric transducer, selected by way of example, will now be described, with reference to the following drawings in which:
Figure 1 shows schematically a piezoelectric transducer according to a first embodiment of the invention;
Figure 2 shows schematically a piezoelectric transducer according to a second embodiment of the invention; and
Figure 3 shows schematically a piezoelectric transducer according to a third embodiment of the invention.
The first embodiment of a transducer is shown generally in Figure 1. It comprises three main parts, a high density metal mass 10, conveniently made of steel, a sandwich, or layered structure 12 and a low density metal mass 14, conveniently titanium or aluminium, which provides an amplifier or horn. These three parts are generally annular and clamped together by a threaded bolt 16, which extends along the central axis of the annulus.
The structure of the transducer is generally conventional and only the features that differ from the prior art will be described further herein. These are predominantly features of the layered structure 12. As may be seen in Figure 1 this comprises a series of six ceramic discs 18 to 28, which are interspersed with six shims 30 to 40.
The shims 30 to 40 comprise positive electrodes 30, 32, 34 and negative electrodes 36, 38, 40 which stimulate the piezoelectric transducer causing it to vibrate. The electrodes are arranged on the working faces of the ceramic discs (18 to 28).
The shims 30 to 40 extend substantially beyond the surface of the discs. The diameter of the shims is substantially greater than the diameter of the discs, which provides a substantial cooling area to dissipate the heat that is generated by the inefficiency of the piezoelectric crystals.
An insulating sleeve 42 surrounds the inner annular surface of the layered structure 12, and prevents conduction through the threaded bolt.
An enlarged shim 36 can be thicker than the active electrodes to provide an effective heat sink. This shim/electrode 36, the high density metal mass 10 and the low density metal mass 14 are all earthed and an insulating lacquer is sprayed onto the outer surfaces of the ceramic disc and shims to avoid arcing and improve the safety of the device.
The shims 30 to 40 are made from a beryllium copper alloy, and the ceramic discs are made from polarised lead zirconate titanate however other materials can be used. Since the ceramics are poor conductors of heat the internal temperature is high when the transducer is running at full power. The metal shims conduct heat efficiently from the working faces of the active ceramics.
Figure 2 shows schematically a second embodiment of a transducer, which is generally similar to that of Figure 1 and in which identical parts are labelled with identical numbers to that figure. In this embodiment the shims that are positive electrodes 50, 52, 54 are of similar diameter to the ceramic discs 18 to 28 in the layered structure. By contrast, the shims that are earth return electrodes 44, 46, 48 have a significantly larger diameter than the ceramic discs, and provide an increased cooling effect. Further cooling is provided by holes 56 formed in the rear metal mass 14. The shims shown are only one example of the many shapes and sizes of shim (or electrode or both) that will occur to the skilled reader. For example the shims could have holes in, or they could have enlarged portions. Similarly the metal end masses could also be shaped and/or perforated to increase the surface area available for cooling.
Figure 3 shows schematically a third embodiment of a transducer having a high density rear aluminium mass 62 and a low density front aluminium mass 64, which are separated by a sandwich structure 66. Other metals and metal alloys with different densities could be used. This sandwich structure is simpler than that shown in the previous two embodiments, consisting of two layers of ceramic 70 with a metal shim 72 between them. The transducer functions generally as the embodiments described above. The metal shim 72 provides the positive electrode, whilst the metal end masses 63, 64 are earthed. Since the simpler sandwich structure is still susceptible to overheating, by having an extended cooling shim the efficiency of the device should be improved.
Additionally different fluids and fluidic flow patterns may be achieved using the principles outlined herein. For example in an air cooled system compressed or ambient air could be used, or the transducer could be vortex cooled.
A construction, such as any of those outlined above, enable the applications for a Langevin transducer to be extended, whilst a steady temperature, well below the Curie cut off temperature, is maintained. Langevin transducers thus constructed will be likely to run more efficiently and pass more power for a given volume of ceramic, with longer life and greater reliability by virtue of the increase in heat dissipation provided by the cooling fins. Either of these embodiments may be used in a method of cooling the transducer. In one embodiment of this method air is pumped around the transducer and flows between the enlarged diameter shims conducting heat away from them. It then flows around the circuit, through the heat exchanger. The shims act as cooling fins and the flow of air past the fins cools the piezoelectric crystals which helps to maintain the appropriate operating temperature. Oil is another example of suitable fluid for this application.
In the present specification "comprises" means "includes or consists of and "comprising" means "including or consisting of.
The features disclosed in the foregoing description, or the following claims, or the accompanying drawings, expressed in their specific forms or in terms of a means for performing the disclosed function, or a method or process for attaining the disclosed result, as appropriate, may, separately, or in any combination of such features, be utilised for realising the invention in diverse forms thereof.

Claims

1. A piezoelectric transducer for high power applications comprising a plurality of piezoelectric layers (18, 20) and at least one shim (30) in a sandwich structure, characterised in that the shim (30) extends substantially beyond the piezoelectric layers (18, 20).
2. A piezoelectric transducer according to Claim 1 in which the shim (30) provides the cooling means of the transducer.
3. A piezoelectric transducer according to any preceding claim comprising a plurality of shims (30, 32) each extending more than 1 mm beyond the piezoelectric layers (18, 20).
4. A piezoelectric transducer according to any preceding claim comprising a plurality of shims (30, 32) each extending more than 2mm beyond the piezoelectric layers (18, 20).
5. A piezoelectric transducer according to any preceding claim comprising a plurality of shims (30, 32) each extending more than 5mm beyond the piezoelectric layers (18, 20).
6. A piezoelectric transducer according to any preceding claim in which the or each shim (30, 32) provides an electrode.
7. A piezoelectric transducer according to Claim 6 in which at least one of the electrodes comprises an earth and the earth electrode projects substantially further from the transducer than the other electrodes.
8. A piezoelectric transducer according to Claim 6 in which at least one of the electrodes comprises a positive electrode (48) and the positive electrode (48) projects substantially further from the transducer than the other electrodes.
9. A piezoelectric transducer according to any preceding claim in which the plurality of piezoelectric layers (18, 20) comprises at least four layers.
10. A piezoelectric transducer according to any preceding claim in which the transducer is generally annular and further comprises an insulating sleeve (42) arranged internally in the transducer to cover the inner annular surface of the electrodes.
11. A piezoelectric transducer according to any preceding claim in which the piezoelectric material is polarised.
12. A piezoelectric transducer according to any preceding claim further comprising an insulating layer that covers the shims (30, 32).
13. A piezoelectric transducer according to any preceding claim in which the operating power is greater than 2 kW.
14. A piezoelectric transducer according to any preceding claim in which the operating frequency is greater than 20 kHz.
15. A piezoelectric transducer according to Claims 13 or Claim 14 in which the operating temperature is in the range 30 to 40 degrees centigrade.
16. A method of cooling a piezoelectric transducer according to any preceding claim comprising: conveying a fluid to the transducer, and passing the fluid around the shims (30, 32).
17. A method according to Claim 15 further comprising conveying the fluid through a heat exchanger.
18. A method according to Claim 14 or Claim 15 further comprising conveying the fluid from the heat exchanger to the transducer.
19. A method according to Claim 14 or Claim 15 in which the fluid is a gas, conveniently air.
20. A method according to any of the Claims 14 to 16 in which the fluid is a liquid, conveniently oil.
PCT/GB2002/003284 2001-07-21 2002-07-18 Piezoelectric transducers WO2003009401A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB0117881.3A GB0117881D0 (en) 2001-07-21 2001-07-21 Piezoelectric transducers
GB0117881.3 2001-07-21

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WO2003009401A2 true WO2003009401A2 (en) 2003-01-30
WO2003009401A3 WO2003009401A3 (en) 2003-10-16

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005007056A1 (en) * 2005-02-15 2006-08-24 Dieter Weber Ultrasonic rod transducers
WO2006100247A1 (en) * 2005-03-24 2006-09-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Piezoelectric actuator comprising a piezoelectric stack containing a heat-dissipating layer
EP3689478A1 (en) * 2019-02-01 2020-08-05 Honda Electronics Co., Ltd. Bolt-tightening langevin-type transducer, ultrasonic measuring device

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3283182A (en) * 1965-05-11 1966-11-01 Aeroprojects Inc Transducer assembly
US3328610A (en) * 1964-07-13 1967-06-27 Branson Instr Sonic wave generator
US3885172A (en) * 1971-12-01 1975-05-20 Continental Can Co Sonic transducer
JPH0258384A (en) * 1988-08-24 1990-02-27 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Laminated type piezoelectric element
DE19626671C1 (en) * 1996-07-03 1997-10-16 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung High-frequency piezoelectric power actuator apparatus with heat dissipation

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3328610A (en) * 1964-07-13 1967-06-27 Branson Instr Sonic wave generator
US3283182A (en) * 1965-05-11 1966-11-01 Aeroprojects Inc Transducer assembly
US3885172A (en) * 1971-12-01 1975-05-20 Continental Can Co Sonic transducer
JPH0258384A (en) * 1988-08-24 1990-02-27 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Laminated type piezoelectric element
DE19626671C1 (en) * 1996-07-03 1997-10-16 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung High-frequency piezoelectric power actuator apparatus with heat dissipation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 014, no. 225 (E-0927), 14 May 1990 (1990-05-14) & JP 02 058384 A (FUJI ELECTRIC CO LTD), 27 February 1990 (1990-02-27) -& JP 02 058384 A (FUJI ELECTRIC CO LTD) 27 February 1990 (1990-02-27) *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005007056A1 (en) * 2005-02-15 2006-08-24 Dieter Weber Ultrasonic rod transducers
US7688681B2 (en) 2005-02-15 2010-03-30 Dieter Weber Ultrasonic rod transducer
WO2006100247A1 (en) * 2005-03-24 2006-09-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Piezoelectric actuator comprising a piezoelectric stack containing a heat-dissipating layer
EP3689478A1 (en) * 2019-02-01 2020-08-05 Honda Electronics Co., Ltd. Bolt-tightening langevin-type transducer, ultrasonic measuring device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2003009401A3 (en) 2003-10-16
GB0117881D0 (en) 2001-09-12

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