WO2002089089A1 - Method of determination of travel times and travel time forecasts in a traffic network using the positioning of mobile telephones and system for the implementation thereof - Google Patents
Method of determination of travel times and travel time forecasts in a traffic network using the positioning of mobile telephones and system for the implementation thereof Download PDFInfo
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- WO2002089089A1 WO2002089089A1 PCT/CZ2002/000022 CZ0200022W WO02089089A1 WO 2002089089 A1 WO2002089089 A1 WO 2002089089A1 CZ 0200022 W CZ0200022 W CZ 0200022W WO 02089089 A1 WO02089089 A1 WO 02089089A1
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- mobile telephones
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- moving
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
- G08G1/0104—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions
Definitions
- the invention concerns the means of determination of travel times and travel time forecasts in a traffic network using the positioning of mobile telephones and a system for the implementation thereof.
- the checkpoints must be numerous (thousands of checkpoints for a medium-sized European country)
- Some travel time information providers combine the setting-up of checkpoints with single-purpose identification equipment, providing information on the position and movement of a vehicle as an additional information to the information reported from fixed checkpoints and at the same time serving as a receiver for the provider's traffic reporting.
- - on-board identification equipment is installed mainly in passenger cars of a higher category, which are rarely used at night-time; this substantially limits the availability of information on night-time traffic.
- the drawbacks of the existing solutions are eliminated by the method of determining of travel times and travel time forecasts in a traffic network using the positioning of mobile telephones by means of an invention based on the topological defining of a traffic network and of its sections 1 to n with node points. Minimum speeds for the mobile telephones moving within the sections are then defined for the selected network and its individual sections. Moving mobile telephones are defined as users carrying mobile telephones moving in vehicles. Out of all positioned mobile telephones, a set of mobile telephones located close to or directly within defined sections of the traffic network is topologically selected.
- a subset mobile phones moving within defined sections at a speed of V mob t0 n is topologically evaluated, the subset of mobile telephones moving at a speed of V m0 b 1 to n including all mobile telephones meeting the condition V mob for the section in question > V set for the section in question and subsequently, travel times between node points of the sections 1 to n of the traffic network are mathematically evaluated.
- forecasts of travel times between individual node points of the traffic network are processed and evaluated on the basis of evaluated travel times between node points of the traffic network, using knowledge of the behaviour of the traffic network in the past and of up-to-date traffic conditions, especially traffic congestions, road passability, road accidents, and roads closed for traffic.
- the method implementation system includes communication and computing equipment of the mobile telephone network operators, including a network of base transmission stations and a stationary central dispatching centre for the evaluation of mobile telephone positioning.
- the communication and computing equipment of mobile telephone network operators is linked to evaluation equipment for the topological evaluation of moving mobile telephones assigned to the traffic network, from which evaluated data on moving mobile telephones are passed on to the computing equipment for evaluation and forecasts of travel times between traffic network node points.
- Main benefits of the invention include the providing of socially required information on travel times to the travelling public, which can with the help of this invention be exactly measured and forecasted even for an extensive and complicated traffic network.
- To acquire travel times it is not necessary for the vehicles to be equipped with any extra identificators (e. g. transpoders); it is sufficient to monitor a large enough set of mobile telephones carried by people present in moving means of transport.
- the invention needs only the building of a quality computing centre with evaluating equipment for the topological evaluation of moving mobile telephones located close to or directly within defined sections of the traffic network and a computing centre with equipment for the evaluation and forecasts of travel times. Both these units are based on computers and quality single-purpose expert software. Moreover, a much better use is made of the existing network of mobile telephone operators for this new purpose.
- a wide distribution of information on travel times is of great social and economic importance especially in situations when the travelling public loses its productive time (e. g. due to congestions) by travelling in a complicated section of a traffic network.
- productive time e. g. due to congestions
- travel time forecasts for a more precise planning of travel time necessary for the movement within the traffic network.
- Members of a well- informed travelling public are exposed neither to the necessity to plan their time with great reserve nor to stress and losses caused by eventual underestimation of the time needed for moving within the traffic network.
- Selected information according to the dynamic model of travel time can be provided to the travelling public by means of radio broadcasts, information road signs, pagers or mobile telephones. Calculation of a particular travel time can be provided on the basis of a demand mode, by users asking about information on travel time between selected points within the traffic network.
- Fig. 1 shows a diagram of a traffic network with sections and their node points.
- Fig. 2 shows a traffic network from Fig. 1 with parameters of minimum specified speeds of mobile telephones for individual sections of a traffic network.
- Fig. 3 shows a traffic network with all positioned mobile telephones located close to or directly within individual traffic network sections.
- Fig. 4 shows a traffic network with positioned mobile telephones located close to or directly within individual sections of the network and moving at a speed greater than the minimum speed specified for the individual sections.
- Fig. 5 shows a traffic network for the calculation of travel times between more of its sections.
- Fig. 6 shows a historical measured curve of travel time for one section of traffic network from Fig. 5.
- Fig. 7 illustrates method implementation system.
- Fig. 1 to Fig. 4 show a typical procedure for the selection of moving mobile telephones within a traffic network, aimed at the determination of travel times between individual node points of a traffic network.
- the movement of mobile telephones must be understood as the movement of individuals carrying mobile telephones in means of transport.
- Fig. 1 and 2 shows a topologically defined traffic network, e. g. with seven sections marked 1 to 7 and their node points A, B, C, D, and E. Node points are represented by towns, villages, crossroads, etc.
- Mobile telephone base transmission stations 1 1.1 monitor (position) the movement of all mobile telephones MT within the network and measured data are collected in a computing centre 12 of mobile network telephone operators (Fig. 7).
- V set 1 t o 7 of moving mobile telephones are defined between individual node points A, B, C, D, E, i. e.
- speed V set i is specified for section 1 between node points A and B
- speed V set2 is specified for section 2 between node points B and C
- speed V set3 is specified for section 3 between node points C and D
- speed V set is specified for section 7 between node points D and E.
- Speeds V se n t o 7 for individual sections 1 to 7 are specific absolute speeds, specified for a particular section and time of a traffic network. Their value is influenced by several factors and is obtained statistically and empirically to correspond with the minimum speed of traffic flow in a particular section at a particular time. Depending on the time- morning or afternoon peak traffic, midday light traffic, on accidents, or on congestion, its value is adjusted by the system. This condition thus serves as a filter for the selection of mobile telephones in moving means of transport.
- a set of mobile telephones MT1 to MT7 located close to or directly within the defined sections 1 to 7 between node points A, B, C, D, E of the traffic network is topologically evaluated in an evaluation equipment 12 attached to equipment 1_
- These sets MT1 to MT7 are marked by a black square in Fig. 3.
- set MT1 includes mobile telephones U., 12 to n
- set MT2 includes mobile telephones 2 ., 2,2 to 2 ⁇ , up to set MT7. including mobile telephones 7 ⁇ _, 72 to 7 ⁇
- subsets MT1.1 to MT7.1 of mobile telephones moving at speeds V m0b no7 are topologically evaluated from sets MT1 to MT7 of mobile telephones located close or directly within individual defined sections 1 to 7 of the traffic network; for each section 1 to 7, V m0b for the section in question > V set for the section in question, i. e. V m0 b2 > V set2 , up to V m ob7 > V se t7-
- These subsets MT1.1 to MT7.1 shall not include mobile telephones marked with a crossed black square in Fig. 4 anymore, which do not fulfil the condition of V mob for the section in question >V set for the section in question.
- Travel time for section 1 t A c is calculated from the subset MT1.1 of mobile telephones moving between node points A and C (Fig. 4), using the following method:
- Example of calculation of travel time along a route longer than just between two node points of a traffic network e. g. along a route defined by node points A, B, C, E, i. e. within three sections of a traffic network marked 5, 2, and 4. Travel time t AB cE is evaluated — the route is marked by a bold line (Fig. 5).
- Subsets MT1.5, MT1.2 and MT1.4 of mobile telephones moving within individual sections are defined in the same way as in the previous example, illustrating a simple calculation between two node points.
- travel time t B c forecast is based on historical diagrams showing travel time t BC for a particular time of day
- the formula provided above can be applied to any route between individual points within a traffic network with a high percentual probability on short combined routes and with a decreasing probability on longer and more time demanding routes. It therefore already includes the element of total travel time forecast.
Abstract
A traffic network is topologically defined together with its individual section (1) to (n) and node points, minimum specified speeds Vset 1 to n of mobile telephones moving within these sections are defined for the selected traffic network and its individual sections (1) to (n). From all positioned mobile telephones, a set of mobile telephones located close to or directly within the defined sections (1) to (n) of the traffic network is topologically evaluated. From the set of mobile telephones located close to or directly within the defined sections (1) to (n) of the traffic network, subsets (MT1 to n) of mobile telephones moving within defined sections (1) to (n) at speeds Vmob 1 to n are topologically evaluated, with the subsets (MT 1 to n) of mobile telephones moving at speeds V mob 1 to n including all telephones meeting the condition Vmob for the section in question ⊃Vset for the section in question, ans subsequent mathematical evaluation of travel times between node points of sections 1 to n of the traffic network.
Description
Method of determining travel time and travel time forecasts in a traffic network using the positioning of mobile telephones and a system for the implementation thereof.
The invention concerns the means of determination of travel times and travel time forecasts in a traffic network using the positioning of mobile telephones and a system for the implementation thereof.
The following technologies are particularly used for the determination of travel times in road traffic networks:
- monitoring of passing vehicles by means of induction loops
- monitoring of passing vehicles by means of video cameras with subsequent evaluation and registration of license plates
- monitoring of passing vehicles by means of video cameras with subsequent evaluation of traffic parameters (speed, size of vehicle...)
- monitoring of passing vehicles by means of lasers
- monitoring of passing vehicles by means of radar sensors
- monitoring of passing vehicles by means of infrared sensors
- monitoring of passing vehicles by means of acoustic sensors
All technologies listed above have the following drawbacks:
- They require the setting up of a costly special infrastructure at traffic network checkpoints
- The checkpoints must be numerous (thousands of checkpoints for a medium-sized European country)
- None of the methods listed above with the exception of video license plate monitoring provide to possibility to perform origin destination survey (i. e. from where to where a vehicle travels via multiple checkpoints, since the vehicle remains anonymous, providing only traffic data, e. g. speed, vehicle category — passenger car, lorry, etc.)
Some travel time information providers combine the setting-up of checkpoints with single-purpose identification equipment, providing information on the position and movement of a vehicle as an additional information to the information reported from fixed
checkpoints and at the same time serving as a receiver for the provider's traffic reporting.
However, since these services are used by vehicles of a higher category only, this causes the following drawbacks:
- the number of on-board identification equipment is limited
- on-board identification equipment is installed mainly in passenger cars of a higher category, which are rarely used at night-time; this substantially limits the availability of information on night-time traffic.
The drawbacks of the existing solutions are eliminated by the method of determining of travel times and travel time forecasts in a traffic network using the positioning of mobile telephones by means of an invention based on the topological defining of a traffic network and of its sections 1 to n with node points. Minimum speeds for the mobile telephones moving within the sections are then defined for the selected network and its individual sections. Moving mobile telephones are defined as users carrying mobile telephones moving in vehicles. Out of all positioned mobile telephones, a set of mobile telephones located close to or directly within defined sections of the traffic network is topologically selected. From the set of mobile telephones, located close to or directly within the defined sections of the traffic network, a subset mobile phones moving within defined sections at a speed of Vmob t0 n is topologically evaluated, the subset of mobile telephones moving at a speed of Vm0b 1 to n including all mobile telephones meeting the condition Vmob for the section in question > Vset for the section in question and subsequently, travel times between node points of the sections 1 to n of the traffic network are mathematically evaluated.
Furthermore, according to the implementation of the invention, forecasts of travel times between individual node points of the traffic network are processed and evaluated on the basis of evaluated travel times between node points of the traffic network, using knowledge of the behaviour of the traffic network in the past and of up-to-date traffic conditions, especially traffic congestions, road passability, road accidents, and roads closed for traffic.
The method implementation system includes communication and computing equipment of the mobile telephone network operators, including a network of base transmission stations and a stationary central dispatching centre for the evaluation of mobile telephone positioning. The communication and computing equipment of mobile telephone network operators is linked to evaluation equipment for the topological evaluation of moving mobile telephones assigned to the traffic network, from which evaluated data on moving mobile telephones are passed on to the computing equipment for evaluation and forecasts of travel times between traffic network node points.
Main benefits of the invention include the providing of socially required information on travel times to the travelling public, which can with the help of this invention be exactly measured and forecasted even for an extensive and complicated traffic network. To acquire travel times it is not necessary for the vehicles to be equipped with any extra identificators (e. g. transpoders); it is sufficient to monitor a large enough set of mobile telephones carried by people present in moving means of transport. Furthermore it is not necessary to set up an extensive special network of traffic check points in order to measure and forecast the behaviour of the traffic flow. To achieve this, the invention needs only the building of a quality computing centre with evaluating equipment for the topological evaluation of moving mobile telephones located close to or directly within defined sections of the traffic network and a computing centre with equipment for the evaluation and forecasts of travel times. Both these units are based on computers and quality single-purpose expert software. Moreover, a much better use is made of the existing network of mobile telephone operators for this new purpose.
A wide distribution of information on travel times is of great social and economic importance especially in situations when the travelling public loses its productive time (e. g. due to congestions) by travelling in a complicated section of a traffic network. When people are informed in time, it is possible for them to choose an alternative route or to reorganize their time schedule and not to enter sections with complications at all. Furthermore, it is possible to use travel time forecasts for a more precise planning of travel time necessary for the movement within the traffic network. Members of a well- informed travelling public are exposed neither to the necessity to plan their time with great reserve nor to stress and losses caused by eventual underestimation of the time
needed for moving within the traffic network. Thus it is possible to directly support labour productivity and prevent unnecessary losses of time, which can then by dedicated to work, entertainment, and rest. Selected information according to the dynamic model of travel time can be provided to the travelling public by means of radio broadcasts, information road signs, pagers or mobile telephones. Calculation of a particular travel time can be provided on the basis of a demand mode, by users asking about information on travel time between selected points within the traffic network.
Fig. 1 shows a diagram of a traffic network with sections and their node points. Fig. 2 shows a traffic network from Fig. 1 with parameters of minimum specified speeds of mobile telephones for individual sections of a traffic network. Fig. 3 shows a traffic network with all positioned mobile telephones located close to or directly within individual traffic network sections. Fig. 4 shows a traffic network with positioned mobile telephones located close to or directly within individual sections of the network and moving at a speed greater than the minimum speed specified for the individual sections. Fig. 5 shows a traffic network for the calculation of travel times between more of its sections. Fig. 6 shows a historical measured curve of travel time for one section of traffic network from Fig. 5. Fig. 7 illustrates method implementation system.
Fig. 1 to Fig. 4 show a typical procedure for the selection of moving mobile telephones within a traffic network, aimed at the determination of travel times between individual node points of a traffic network. The movement of mobile telephones must be understood as the movement of individuals carrying mobile telephones in means of transport.
Fig. 1 and 2 shows a topologically defined traffic network, e. g. with seven sections marked 1 to 7 and their node points A, B, C, D, and E. Node points are represented by towns, villages, crossroads, etc. Mobile telephone base transmission stations 1 1.1 monitor (position) the movement of all mobile telephones MT within the network and measured data are collected in a computing centre 12 of mobile network telephone operators (Fig. 7). For each individual section of the selected traffic network 1 to 7 minimum specified speeds Vset 1 to 7 of moving mobile telephones are defined between
individual node points A, B, C, D, E, i. e. speed Vseti is specified for section 1 between node points A and B, speed Vset2 is specified for section 2 between node points B and C, speed Vset3 is specified for section 3 between node points C and D, etc., up to speed Vset , specified for section 7 between node points D and E.
Speeds Vsen to 7 for individual sections 1 to 7 are specific absolute speeds, specified for a particular section and time of a traffic network. Their value is influenced by several factors and is obtained statistically and empirically to correspond with the minimum speed of traffic flow in a particular section at a particular time. Depending on the time- morning or afternoon peak traffic, midday light traffic, on accidents, or on congestion, its value is adjusted by the system. This condition thus serves as a filter for the selection of mobile telephones in moving means of transport.
From all positioned mobile telephones MT, a set of mobile telephones MT1 to MT7, located close to or directly within the defined sections 1 to 7 between node points A, B, C, D, E of the traffic network is topologically evaluated in an evaluation equipment 12 attached to equipment 1_ These sets MT1 to MT7 are marked by a black square in Fig. 3. For section 1, set MT1 includes mobile telephones U., 12 to n, for section 2, set MT2 includes mobile telephones 2 ., 2,2 to 2 \, up to set MT7. including mobile telephones 7Λ_, 72 to 7 τ
In the evaluation equipment (12), subsets MT1.1 to MT7.1 of mobile telephones moving at speeds Vm0b no7 are topologically evaluated from sets MT1 to MT7 of mobile telephones located close or directly within individual defined sections 1 to 7 of the traffic network; for each section 1 to 7, Vm0b for the section in question > Vset for the section in question, i. e.
Vm0b2>Vset2, up to Vmob7>Vset7- These subsets MT1.1 to MT7.1 shall not include mobile telephones marked with a crossed black square in Fig. 4 anymore, which do not fulfil the condition of Vmob for the section in question >Vset for the section in question.
From the subsets MT1.1 to MT7.1 of mobile telephones moving within individual sections 1 to 7 of the defined traffic network, and fulfilling the condition Vm0b for the section in question >Vset for the section in question, travel times for sections 1 to 7
between individual node points of the traffic network are subsequently mathematically evaluated in the computing centre (13).
Travel time for section 1 tAc is calculated from the subset MT1.1 of mobile telephones moving between node points A and C (Fig. 4), using the following method:
1. Extreme values are eliminated from data set Vm0bi to Vm0b n for sectional' A standard statistical test is used for elimination:
Student test with coefficient alpha=0.95
By eliminating extreme values, speeds of movement of vehicles substantially different from prevailing speeds are eliminated. This includes especially the following values:
- vehicles with speeds substantially lower than the usual speed — these can include vehicles with low running speed, but this can also be caused by an interruption of journey between two nodes on the route
- vehicles running at speeds substantially higher than usual cruising speeds or substantially exceeding the speed limit
2. Data set without the eliminated values is subject to the calculation of a median, which provides the most probable speed Vmed of the movement of vehicles within a defined section 1 ^. The median is chosen because it more often than any other method provides information about the speed at which vehicles are moving, while the common arithmetic mean really means the average speed at which vehicles are moving. Subsequently, travel time tAc between points A and C is calculated:
length of section 1 ΪAC=
Vmedl
By analogy, travel time for each section of traffic network between two node points is calculated.
Example of calculation of travel time along a route longer than just between two node points of a traffic network, e. g. along a route defined by node points A, B, C, E, i. e.
within three sections of a traffic network marked 5, 2, and 4. Travel time tABcE is evaluated — the route is marked by a bold line (Fig. 5). Subsets MT1.5, MT1.2 and MT1.4 of mobile telephones moving within individual sections are defined in the same way as in the previous example, illustrating a simple calculation between two node points. Subsequently it is not possible to simply sum up the travel times t B+tBc+tcE for individual sections, but it is necessary to take into account the fact that a vehicle starting a journey along the ABCE route at time t will get from A to B in time tAB, but will enter section BC only after tAB is over. For this reason, it is not possible to use the current travel time tBc, but historical data according to diagram in Fig. 6 must be utilized. In this diagram, in which the horizontal coordinate shows the time of day td in hours and the vertical coordinate travel time tBc for section 2 in minutes, we can see the historical measured and calculated curve of travel time tBc, which usually has two peaks (morning 20 and afternoon 21) in the course of 24 hours. *The shape of this curve depends on the density of traffic at a given time td of a particular day. Consequently, if we compare the standard course of this dependence on two comparable days (e. g. two Mondays, first working days of the week), we will notice great similarity providing no distinct anomaly occurs on any of these days, caused e. g. by unfavourable winter weather conditions worsening traffic conditions within a selected section.
In Fig. 6, travel time tBc forecast is based on historical diagrams showing travel time tBC for a particular time of day
For the sake of explanation — measuring of travel times within a particular section of a traffic network provides information on usual travel time, e. g. on Monday between 8 a. m. and 9 a. m. between points B and C— tBC. If these historical data are corrected with respect to the aspect of unexpected traffic anomalies, e. g. accidents, impassable roads or congestion within a particular section, total travel time can be calculated as follows:
at time td=t+tab + cE at time td=t +tab+tBC with the time tCε at time td=t+tab+tBC being determined analogically to tBc at ti e W=I+IAB. The formula provided above can be applied to any route between individual points within a traffic network with a high percentual probability on short combined routes and with a decreasing probability on longer and more time demanding routes. It therefore already includes the element of total travel time forecast.
Claims
Method of determination of travel times and travel time forecasts in a traffic network using the positioning of mobile telephones c h a r a c t e r i z e d b y defining topologically a traffic network and its individual sections (1) to (n) with node points, defining minimum specified speeds Vset 1 to n of mobile telephones moving within these sections for the selected traffic network and its individual sections (1 ) to (n), evaluating topologically a set of mobile telephones located close to or directly within defined sections (1) to (n) of the traffic network from all positioned mobile telephones, topologically evaluating subsets of mobile telephones moving within defined sections (1 ) to (n) at speeds Vmob -, to n from the set of mobile telephones located close or directly within the defined sections (1) to (n) of the traffic network, the subset of mobile telephones moving at speeds Vm0b 1 to n including all mobile telephones meeting the condition Vmob for the section in question > Vset for the section in question, and subsequently mathematically evaluating travel times between node points of individual sections (1) to (n) of the traffic network.
2 . Method defined in Claim 1 , c h a r a c t e r i z e d b y processing forecast of these travel times between node points of the traffic network from the evaluated travel times between node points of the sections (1) to (n) of the traffic network, using knowledge of the behaviour of the traffic network in the past and adding known up-to-date traffic conditions, especially traffic congestions, road passability, accidents, and roads blocked for traffic.
3. System for the implementation of the method according to Claims 1 and 2, consisting of communication and computing equipment of mobile telephone network operators, evaluating positioned mobile telephones, c h a r a c t e r i z e d b y communication and computing equipment (1 1 ) of mobile telephone network operators containing evaluation equipment (12) for the topological evaluation of moving mobile telephones, located close to or directly within the traffic network, from which the evaluated data from moving mobile telephones is passed on to a computing equipment (13) for evaluation and forecasting of travel times between node points of the sections (1) to (n) of the traffic network.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CZ20011464A CZ290287B6 (en) | 2001-04-25 | 2001-04-25 | Method of fixing driving times and driving time prognoses within a transportation network by making use of cellular phone positioning and a system for making the same |
| CZPV2001-1464 | 2001-04-25 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2002089089A1 true WO2002089089A1 (en) | 2002-11-07 |
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ID=5473371
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CZ2002/000022 WO2002089089A1 (en) | 2001-04-25 | 2002-04-15 | Method of determination of travel times and travel time forecasts in a traffic network using the positioning of mobile telephones and system for the implementation thereof |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CZ (1) | CZ290287B6 (en) |
| SK (1) | SK5542002A3 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2002089089A1 (en) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CZ20011464A3 (en) | 2002-07-17 |
| SK5542002A3 (en) | 2003-01-09 |
| CZ290287B6 (en) | 2002-07-17 |
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