WO2001084078A1 - Method for converting non-geometrically-true photographs using graphic data processing method in geometrically-true digital measured images - Google Patents

Method for converting non-geometrically-true photographs using graphic data processing method in geometrically-true digital measured images Download PDF

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WO2001084078A1
WO2001084078A1 PCT/CH2001/000195 CH0100195W WO0184078A1 WO 2001084078 A1 WO2001084078 A1 WO 2001084078A1 CH 0100195 W CH0100195 W CH 0100195W WO 0184078 A1 WO0184078 A1 WO 0184078A1
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measurement
image
images
coordinates
geometrically
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PCT/CH2001/000195
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German (de)
French (fr)
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Walter Moser
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Walter Moser
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Priority to AU42199/01A priority Critical patent/AU4219901A/en
Priority to JP2001581056A priority patent/JP2003532233A/en
Publication of WO2001084078A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001084078A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C11/00—Photogrammetry or videogrammetry, e.g. stereogrammetry; Photographic surveying
    • G01C11/04—Interpretation of pictures
    • G01C11/06—Interpretation of pictures by comparison of two or more pictures of the same area

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of independent claim 1 for the production of true-to-geometry digital photogrammetric measurement images from non-true-to-geometry photographs by means of reference marks, methods of geodetic graphic data processing and digital image modification, using resume meshes in which the geometric aberrations of the photographs are identical
  • total stations ie electro-optical distance and direction measuring instruments with data storage, data processing and data transfer with a computer, through laser instruments and through the satin-based measurement GPS, a standard has been achieved that is essentially exhausted Evolutions are only possible to a limited extent, through even more extensive software support for remote-controlled total stations, through their best Combination with video transmission systems, through even more precise distance measuring systems and through even more comfortable and precise use of GPS.
  • the meaning of such developments finds its final pragmatic limits through the always necessary use of people on site, especially at the measuring points produced
  • the achievable accuracy of all photogrammetric measurement methods and the applications based on them depends, among other things, on the geometric fidelity of the images, the so-called geometric fidelity of the measurement images, i.e. on their geometric distortions as a result of the technical criteria of the measuring camera, in particular on the geometric imaging properties of their lenses, on the flatness
  • the technically implemented image plane from the often pneumatic fixation of emulsion film material on this image plane and from the placement and alignment of this image plane to the optical axis of the camera objective.
  • Photogrammetric measuring cameras are therefore very expensive to manufacture with regard to their lenses, their mechanical and their pneumatic parts , highly precise and expensive Appara t e, may have the last remnant still inaccuracies
  • the task is therefore the invention of a method for the cost-effective, technically simple and fast production of geometrically accurate digital measurement images.
  • the method according to the invention realizes geometrically accurate digital measurement images in a cost-effective and fast manner in accordance with the characterization of independent patent claim 1. With it, all are obtained through the lens of a measurement camera, the so-called lens, conditional as well as all other completely eliminated a measuring camera for geometric fidelity significant inaccuracies are simultaneously their production costs are reduced, the advantages of the method over the prior art erfmdungsgemass are then beg r opens out that neither of the lens, still on the other for the The technical devices of a measuring camera that are true to the geometry are subject to high precision requirements and for digital image acquisition in general
  • the geometric accuracy of the measurement images is achieved by means of a correct comparison with an absolute reference by means of pixel-specific image changes using the image change software of a computer, a reseau (1) completely covering the measurement image being used, in whose individual reseau meshes the geometric deviations of the measurement image from the geometrical fidelity are identical
  • Method step 1 With a digitally photographing measuring camera, a reference grid with a large number of absolutely absolutely geometrically known reference marks, which are distributed in a dense arrangement over the entire measurement image, is photographed vertically and centrally to its center using the coordinates of the reference marks, the so-called reference Coordinates, and the reference mark exposures on the measurement image, the so-called measurement image coordinates, is then inferred the for the photo required absolute inner orientation of this measuring camera
  • Method step 2 By comparing the reference coordinates with the measurement image coordinates using a geodetic graphic data processing software, the so-called GDV software, in a computer, the X / Y for each reference mark corrected on the measurement image. Deviations from the Goeomet ⁇ etueue known
  • Method step 3 These X / Y deviations from the geometry are converted into a picture change 3-Softv.
  • ae integrates process step 4 This image change software applies the correction constants using any identical reseau defined in it by adding additions to all pixels, namely to the digitally defined pixels, of any measurement images of this specific measurement camera, which means that these measurement images are true to geometry be corrected
  • the method is also suitable for photo erulsion images converted into digital measurement images, because the devices for digitizing these measurement images are included in the determination of the correction constants if components of the device that are critical to the device are used both in the acquisition of the images and in their digitization
  • reference marks located in a natural corridor can also be used, which are measured with classical geodesy in a multifaceted manner according to error theory and calculated at the level of a theoretically seen reference grid b
  • the reference marks cover the measurement image so densely that In terms of theoretical security, at least four reference marks are shown in each reseat mesh.
  • the computer software runs under an operating system and is written in a programming language that are realistically compatible with other operating systems and with other programming languages without any problems, e.g. under UNIX or LINUX and e.g.
  • Process steps 1 to 3 are carried out by the user Manufacturer of the measuring camera so that the user can work productively immediately f
  • the method can also be used for non-photogrammetric areas of digital image acquisition by integrating it into the software of general digital photography.
  • geometrically accurate images are achieved with sophisticated photography with high-quality lenses
  • Applications with geometrically strong distortion and inexpensive to produce lenses largely true-to-geometry images
  • the process-specific production effort i.e.
  • the advantage of the process according to the invention lies in the enormous reduction of production-technical effort, i.e. the production costs and thus in the conservation of resources, because through a sensible combination of well-preserved and cost-effective technical standards with result-optimizing geodesy, high-quality images are achieved that were previously not possible, or only in specific, application-specific, only very limited individual cases very large production engineering effort

Abstract

A reference grid having a plurality of reference marks is photographed with a digital measuring camera, said reference marks being distributed throughout the entire measured image. By comparing the reference coordinates with the coordinates of the measured image using geodetic, graphic data processing software, X/Y deviations from the geometrically true are detected for every photographed reference mark. Said deviations are integrated as mesh-specific correction constants in an image modifying software by means of individual reseau meshes of a reseau (1) that totally covers the measured image. In said reseau, geometric deviations of the coordinates of the measured image are identical to those of the reference coordinates. By using an identical reseau defined in said software, the mesh-specific correction constants are introduced into the image pixels of any given measured image of said measuring camera and the measured images are thereby geometrically-true corrected. The method is also suitable for emulsion images when the devices for digitizing said images are also included in the determination of the reseau mesh-specific correction constants.

Description

VERFAHREN ZUR UMWANDLUNG NICHT GEOMETRIEGETREUER FOTOGRAFIEN METHOD FOR CONVERTING NON-GEOMETRIC TRUE PHOTOGRAPHS
MITTELS METHODEN DER GRAFISCHEN DATENVERARBEITUNGUSING GRAPHIC DATA PROCESSING
IN GEOMETRIEGETREUE DIGITALE MESSBILDERDIGITAL MEASUREMENT PICTURES true to geometry
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren gemass dem Oberbegriff des unabhängigen Patentanspruches 1 zur Herstellung geometriegetreuer digitaler fotogrammetrischer Messbilder aus nicht geometriegetreuen Fotografien mittels Referenzmarken, Methoden der geodätischen grafischen Datenverarbeitung und der digitalen Bildveranderung, unter Verwendung von Reseau- maschen in denen die geometrischen Abbildungsfehler der Fotografien identisch sind Grund der Erfindung Vermessungstechnische Produktionen = Absteckungen der klassischen Geodäsie haben durch sogenannte Totalstationen, d h elektrooptische Entfernungs- und Richtungs-Messinstrumente mit Datenspeicherung, Datenverarbeitung und Datentransfer mit einem Rechner, durch Laser-Instrumente und durch die satehtengestutzte Vermessung GPS einen Standard erreicht, der essentiell ausgereizt erscheint Evolutionen sind nur noch in graduellem Umfang möglich, durch noch umfänglichere Software-Unterstützung ferngesteuerter Totalstationen, durch deren Bestückung mit Video-Ubertragungssystemen, durch noch präzisere Distanzmess-Systeme und durch noch komfortableren und präziseren Einsatz von GPS Der Sinn solcher Entwicklungen findet seine endgültigen pragmatischen Grenzen durch den immer notwendigen Einsatz des Menschen vor Ort, insbesondere an den produzierten MesspunktenThe invention relates to a method according to the preamble of independent claim 1 for the production of true-to-geometry digital photogrammetric measurement images from non-true-to-geometry photographs by means of reference marks, methods of geodetic graphic data processing and digital image modification, using resume meshes in which the geometric aberrations of the photographs are identical Because of so-called total stations, ie electro-optical distance and direction measuring instruments with data storage, data processing and data transfer with a computer, through laser instruments and through the satin-based measurement GPS, a standard has been achieved that is essentially exhausted Evolutions are only possible to a limited extent, through even more extensive software support for remote-controlled total stations, through their best Combination with video transmission systems, through even more precise distance measuring systems and through even more comfortable and precise use of GPS. The meaning of such developments finds its final pragmatic limits through the always necessary use of people on site, especially at the measuring points produced
Vermessungstechnisch dokumentierende Reproduktionen = Aufmasse der klassischen Geodäsie stagnieren trotz solcher beschleunigender Hilfen grundsätzlich wegen des immer notwendigen Einsatzes des Menschen vor Ort, insbesondere an den aufzumessenden Punkten und deren professioneller Auswahl In der angewandten Geodäsie werden in der Medizin, der Produktion und der Forschung häufig ausserst aufwendige und auch storungsanfallige Messverfahren und Vorrichtungen mit zum Teil relativ ungenauen Ergebnissen eingesetzt Von diesen Nachteilen grundsätzlich ausgenommen sind be uhrungsfreιe fotogrammetπsche Mess- verfahren Sie sind aus wirtschaftlichen und organisatorischen Gründen bisher regelmassig nur relativ wenigen Anwendern verfugbar und werden speziell für Aufmasse sehr grosser Gelandeflachen und allgemein für unzugängliche bzw für beruhrungslos steril zu belassende Objekte eingesetzt Die klassisch stereoskopisch auswertende Fotogrammetrie hat Genauigkeitsgrenzen, die durch die Beschrankung der Sehfahigkeit des menschlichen Auges hinsichtlich der rauml chen Tiefen, durch den Mass-Stab der Messbilder und durch deren Auflosung bedingt sindReproductions that document the measurement technology = the dimensions of classic geodesy stagnate despite such accelerating aids because of the always necessary use of people on site, especially at the points to be measured and their professional selection. Applied geodesy often becomes extremely complex in medicine, production and research and also measurement methods and devices that are prone to malfunctions, some of which are relatively inaccurate. These disadvantages generally exclude non-contact photogrammetric measurement methods. For economic and organizational reasons, they have so far only been available to a relatively small number of users on a regular basis and are particularly suitable for measurements of very large areas and generally for inaccessible or used for non-contact sterile objects The classic stereoscopic evaluating photogrammetry has limits of accuracy that the Rank the eyesight of the human eye with regard to the spatial depths, due to the scale of the measurement images and their resolution
Durch die gegebene digitale Bilderfassung und durch gegebene enorm schnelle Rechner mit enormen Speicherkapazitäten sind seit relativ kurzer Zeit pragmatisch kostengünstige Möglichkeiten eröffnet, durch die sowohl für die klassische Geodäsie als auch für die angewandte Geodäsie wirtschaftlich vorteilhafte, geometrisch präzise Dokumentationen durch mathematisch exakte terrestrische Fotogrammetrie ausserst interessant sind, weil sie gegenüber beruh- renden Messverfahren erhebliche Zeit-, Komfort- und Organisationsvorteile bewirken Diese Moglichke ten des Standes der Technik gilt es sinnvoll wahrzunehmenThe given digital image acquisition and given extremely fast computers with enormous storage capacities have opened up pragmatic, inexpensive options for a relatively short period of time, through which economically advantageous, geometrically precise documentation using mathematically exact terrestrial photogrammetry for both classical geodesy and applied geodesy has been extremely interesting are because they are calm Measuring methods result in considerable time, comfort and organizational advantages. These possibilities of the state of the art should be sensibly exploited
Die erreichbare Genauigkeit aller fotogrammetrischer Messverfahren und der auf ihr beruhenden Anwendungen hangt unter anderem von der geometrischen Abbildungstreue, der sogenannten Geometrietreue der Messbilder ab, das heisst von ihren geometrischen Verzeichnungen infolge der technischen Kriterien der Messkamera insbesondere von den geometrischen Abbildungseigenschaften ihrer Objektive, von der Planheit der technisch realisierten Bildebene von der häufig pneumatischen Fixierung von Emulsionsfilm-Mateπal auf dieser Bildebene und von der Plazierung und Ausrichtung dieser Bildebene zur optischen Achse des Kamera-Ob- jektives Fotogrammetπsche Messkameras sind deshalb hinsichtlich ihrer Objektive, ihrer mechanischen und ihrer pneumatischen Teile sehr aufwendig hergestellte, hochprazise und teuere Apparate, die trotzdem letzte Rest-Ungenauigkeiten haben könnenThe achievable accuracy of all photogrammetric measurement methods and the applications based on them depends, among other things, on the geometric fidelity of the images, the so-called geometric fidelity of the measurement images, i.e. on their geometric distortions as a result of the technical criteria of the measuring camera, in particular on the geometric imaging properties of their lenses, on the flatness The technically implemented image plane from the often pneumatic fixation of emulsion film material on this image plane and from the placement and alignment of this image plane to the optical axis of the camera objective. Photogrammetric measuring cameras are therefore very expensive to manufacture with regard to their lenses, their mechanical and their pneumatic parts , highly precise and expensive Appara t e, may have the last remnant still inaccuracies
Aufgabenstellung ist deshalb die Erfindung eines Verfahren zum kostengünstigen, technisch einfachen und schnellen Herstellen geometriegetreuer digitaler Messbilder Das erfindungsgemasse Verfahren realisiert gemass der Kennzeichnung des unabhängigen Patentansoruches 1 auf kostengünstige und schnelle Weise geometrietreue digitale Messbilder Mit ihm werden sowohl alle durch das Objektiv einer Messkamera, dem sogenannten Objektiv, bedingten als auch alle anderen für die Geometrietreue massgeblichen Ungenauigkeiten einer Messkamera vollständig eliminiert, gleichzeitig werden deren Herstellungskosten reduziert Die Vorteile des Verfahrens gegenüber dem Stand der Technik sind erfmdungsgemass dann begrundet, dass weder an das Objektiv, noch an die anderen für die Geometrietreue massgeblichen technischen Vorrichtungen einer Messkamera hohe Prazisionsanspruche gestellt werαen Die Erfindung ist damit ein wesentlicher Beitrag zur Kostengunst, zur Präzision und damit zur Evolution der Geodäsie und zur digitalen Bild-Erfassung allgemeinThe task is therefore the invention of a method for the cost-effective, technically simple and fast production of geometrically accurate digital measurement images. The method according to the invention realizes geometrically accurate digital measurement images in a cost-effective and fast manner in accordance with the characterization of independent patent claim 1. With it, all are obtained through the lens of a measurement camera, the so-called lens, conditional as well as all other completely eliminated a measuring camera for geometric fidelity significant inaccuracies are simultaneously their production costs are reduced, the advantages of the method over the prior art erfmdungsgemass are then beg r opens out that neither of the lens, still on the other for the The technical devices of a measuring camera that are true to the geometry are subject to high precision requirements and for digital image acquisition in general
A. ERFINDUNGSGEMASSES VERFAHRENA. METHOD OF THE INVENTION
Die Geometrietreue der Messbilder wird mittels korπg erendem Vergleich mit einer absoluten Referenz curch pixelspezifische Bildveranderungen mifels der Bildveranderungs-Software eines Rechners bewirkt, wobei ein das Messbild vollständig abdeckendes Reseau (1 ) verwendet wird, in dessen einzelnen Reseau-Maschen die geometrischen Abweichungen des Messbildes von der Geometrietreue identisch sindThe geometric accuracy of the measurement images is achieved by means of a correct comparison with an absolute reference by means of pixel-specific image changes using the image change software of a computer, a reseau (1) completely covering the measurement image being used, in whose individual reseau meshes the geometric deviations of the measurement image from the geometrical fidelity are identical
Verfahrens-Schritt 1 Mit einer digital fotografierenden Messkamera wird in einer wissenschaftlichen Messanordnung ein Referenzgitter mit einer Vielzahl von geometrisch absolut bekannten Referenzmarken, die in dichter Anordnung über das ganze Messbild verteilt sind lotrecht und zentrisch zu seinem Mittelpunkt fotografiert Mittels der Koordinaten der Referenzmarken den sogenannten Referenz-Koordinaten, und den Referenzmarken-Ablichtungen auf dem Messbild den sogenannten Messbild-Koordmaten wird ruckschlussig die für die foto- grammetrische Ausmessung benotigte absolute Innere Orientierung dieser Messkamera ermitteltMethod step 1 With a digitally photographing measuring camera, a reference grid with a large number of absolutely absolutely geometrically known reference marks, which are distributed in a dense arrangement over the entire measurement image, is photographed vertically and centrally to its center using the coordinates of the reference marks, the so-called reference Coordinates, and the reference mark exposures on the measurement image, the so-called measurement image coordinates, is then inferred the for the photo required absolute inner orientation of this measuring camera
Verfahrens-Schritt 2 Durch Vergleich der Referenz-Koordinaten mit den Messbild-Koordi- naten mittels einer geodätischen grafischen Datenverarbeitungs-Softv.are, der sogenannten GDV-Software, in einem Rechner werden für jede auf dem Messbild εoge chtete Referenzmarke die X/Y-Abweichungen von der Goeometπetreue bekanntMethod step 2 By comparing the reference coordinates with the measurement image coordinates using a geodetic graphic data processing software, the so-called GDV software, in a computer, the X / Y for each reference mark corrected on the measurement image. Deviations from the Goeometπetueue known
Verfahrens-Schritt 3 Diese X/Y-Abweichungen von der Geometπetre e werden mittels einzelner Reseaumaschen, in denen diese Abweichungen identisch sine eines das Messbild vollständig abdeckenden Reseaus (1 ) als reseaumaschenspezifische Messbildkorrekturen, den sogenannten Korrektur-Konstanten, in eine Bιldveranderung3-Softv.a e integriert Verfahrens-Schritt 4 Diese Bildveranderungs-Software bringt, unter Verwendung eines in ihr definierten identischen Reseaus, die Korrektur-Konstanten durch emfaene Additionen an allen Bildpunkten, nämlich an den digital definierten Pixeln, beliebiger Messbilder dieser spezifischen Messkamera an, wodurch diese Messbilder geometriegetreu korπg ert werdenMethod step 3 These X / Y deviations from the geometry are converted into a picture change 3-Softv. By means of individual resea meshes, in which these deviations are identical to a residual (1) completely covering the measurement image, as resea mesh-specific measurement image corrections, the so-called correction constants. ae integrates process step 4 This image change software applies the correction constants using any identical reseau defined in it by adding additions to all pixels, namely to the digitally defined pixels, of any measurement images of this specific measurement camera, which means that these measurement images are true to geometry be corrected
Durch dieses Verfahren ist es bedeutungslos, von welchen technischer Kriterien der Messkamera die Messbild-Abweichungen von der Geometrietreue herrührenWith this method, it is irrelevant from which technical criteria of the measuring camera the measurement image deviations from the geometrical fidelity result
Das Verfahren ist auch für in digitale Messbilder umgewandelte Fotoerrulsionεbilder geeignet, weil die Vorrichtungen zur Digitalisierung dieser Messbilder in die Ermittlung der Korrektur- Konstanten einbezogen werden, wenn vorπchtungsmdentische Komponenten sowohl bei der Aufnahme der Bilder, als auch bei deren Digitalisierung verwendet werdenThe method is also suitable for photo erulsion images converted into digital measurement images, because the devices for digitizing these measurement images are included in the determination of the correction constants if components of the device that are critical to the device are used both in the acquisition of the images and in their digitization
Fig. 1 zeigt das Prinzip des Reseaus Seine Maschen haben radial abnεnmende Dimensionen damit die radial zunehmenden geometrischen Abbildungsfehler des Ob ektives so eingegrenzt werden, dass innerhalb einer Reseaumasche nur gleiche geometrische Abbildungsfehler auftreten Die Grossen der Reseaumaschen werden auf die geometπscren Abbildungseigen- εchaften des verwendeten Objektives abgestimmt, wobei mehr oder weniger Reseaumaschen erforderlich werden können, als es die Figur 1 zeigt1 shows the principle of the reseau. Its meshes have radially decreasing dimensions so that the radially increasing geometrical aberrations of the objective are limited in such a way that only identical geometrical aberrations occur within a resea mesh. The sizes of the resume meshes are based on the geometrical imaging properties of the lens used matched, with more or fewer resta meshes may be required than that shown in Figure 1
B. BEISPIELHAFTE SPEZIFIKATIONEN a Alternativ zu einem Referenzgitter können auch in einem Naturraurr sich befindliche Referenzmarken verwendet werden, die mit klassischer Geodäsie vielfacr uberoestimmend fehlertheoretisch absolut vermessen und auf die Ebene eines theoret sehen Referenzgitters gerechnet werden b Die Referenzmarken decken das Messbild so dicht ab dass aus feh'ertheoretischer Sicherheit in jeder Reseaumasche mindestens vier Referenzmarken abgebi det werden c Damit bei Objektiven mit schlechten geometrischen Abbildungseigenschaften die Anzahl der davon abhangigen Reseaumaschen und damit die Anzahl benotig'er Referenzmarken in den Penpheπen des Reseaus nicht zu gross werden, wird dort auf geometrisch starr vorgegebene Reseaumaschen verzichtet und statt dessen werden affine Transformationen gerechnet deren Eckpunkte von Referenzmarken gebildet sind d Aus Gründen der weitestgehenden Sicherheit läuft die Software des Rechners unter einem Betriebssystem und ist in einer Programmiersprache geschrieben die mit anderen Betriebssystemen und mit anderen Programmiersprachen realistisch problemfrei kompatibel sind, also z B unter UNIX respektive LINUX und z B in Assembler e Für medizinische Anwendungen, bei denen es sich effektiv um Leib und Leben handelt und bei anderen professionellen Anwendungen mit gravierenden Konsequenzen und unverzichtbarer Zeitkurze ist zuverlässigste Hardware zu verwenden und ke ne übliche PC-Technik, also z B 64-Bιtbus-Technιk und Arbeitsspeicher mit 256 MB bis 1 GB f Das Verfahren ist auch für Messbilder bestimmt, die mosaikartig aus einzelnen Teilbildern zusammengefugt und mit einer dazu kalibrierten Messkamera gewonnen werden, weil diese Teilbilder mittels der Referenzmarken passgenau zum Messbild arrangiert werdenB. EXEMPLARY SPECIFICATIONS a As an alternative to a reference grid, reference marks located in a natural corridor can also be used, which are measured with classical geodesy in a multifaceted manner according to error theory and calculated at the level of a theoretically seen reference grid b The reference marks cover the measurement image so densely that In terms of theoretical security, at least four reference marks are shown in each reseat mesh. c So that the number of reseat meshes dependent on them and thus the number of required reference marks in lenses with poor geometric imaging properties the penpheπen of the resume do not become too large, there are no geometrically rigid predetermined reseat meshes and instead affine transformations are calculated whose corner points are formed by reference marks d For reasons of the greatest possible security, the computer software runs under an operating system and is written in a programming language that are realistically compatible with other operating systems and with other programming languages without any problems, e.g. under UNIX or LINUX and e.g. in assembler e For medical applications that are effectively life and limb and for other professional applications with serious consequences and indispensable time Short is reliable hardware to use and ke ne standard PC technology, that is for example 64-Bιtbus-Technιk and memory 256 MB to 1 GB f ve r also drive intended for measurement images, the mosaic-like zusammengefugt of individual sub-images and ei A calibrated measuring camera can be obtained because these partial images are arranged with the reference marks to match the measuring image
PRAGMATISCHE VORTEILE DER ERFINDUNG UND WIRTSCHAFTLICHE ASPEKTE a Sowohl an die Präzision der Objektive, als auch an die Präzision anderer die Geometrietreue bestimmender Komponenten der Messkamera, werden wesentlich geringere pro- duktioπstechnische Anforderungen gestellt als bisher, weil durch das Verfahren alle geometrischen Abbildungsfehler völlig unabhängig von ihrer Ursache korrigiert werden, wodurch deutlich günstigere Produktionskosten und Verkaufspreise erzielt und damit neue Anwendungsfelder ermöglicht werden weil ein wesentlich grosserer Anwencerkreis als bisher angesprochen wird Produktionskosten und Effekte der für die Geometr etreue massgeblichen vier Kriterien Objektivqua tat sonstige technische Präzision der Messkamera, Maschendichte des Reseaus und Rechneraufwand für affine Transformationen werden hinsichtlich der spezifischen Anwendungserfordernisse wie z B für professionelle Messtechnik oder für Hobbyfotografie, in ihrer Kosteπ-Nutzen-Relation betπebswirtschaftl ch gegeneinander abwagend optimiert b Für recnneπsche fotogrammetπsche Losungen resultieren mittels de- Referenzmarken absolut genaue Daten der Inneren Orientierung der Messkamera Desnalb ist es nicht mehr notwenαig, die Genauigkeit solcher Daten mit aufwendigen Produktionsverfahren und trotzdem immer verbleibenden letztlichen Rest-Toleranzen zu realisieren c Durch alternierende Bestückung der Messkamera mit stark unterscmedlich brennweitigen Objektiven, die sehr schlechte geometrische Abbιldungseιgenschaf*en wie z B Fisheye- Objektive haben können werαen bisher verwehrte fotogrammetπsche Anwendungen möglich, weil mechanisch gewährleistet wird, dass alle verwendeten Objektive immer die identische Zuordnung zur Messkamera haben damit αie objektivspezifischen Korrekturen der Bildveranderungs-Software zutreffen d Durch die gegebene enorme Verbreitung kostengünstiger, trotzdem sehr schneller Rechner mit ausserst grossen Speicherkapazitäten und vielfach nur minimaler entsprechender Auslastung entstehen den Anwendern keine zusätzlichen Vorrichtungskosten, vielmehr ist ihnen die wirtschaftlichere Ausnutzung dieser bereits getätigten Investitionen möglich e Die Verfahrens-Schritte 1 bis 3 erledigt der Hersteller der Messkamera damit der Anwender sofort produktiv arbeiten kann f Das Verfahren ist auch für nicht fotogrammetπsche Bereiche digitaler Bilderfassung anwendbar, indem es in die Softwares der allgemeinen digitalen Fotografie integriert wird Trotz geringem verfahrensspezifischem Aufwand werden bei anspruchsvoller Fotografie mit hoherwertigen Objektiven geometriegetreue Bilder erzielt, bei Anwendungen mit geometrisch stark verzeichnenden und billig herzustellenden Objektiven weitgehend geometriegetreue Bilder Da die enorm wachstumsorentierte Produktion von Digitalkameras automatisiert ist und deshalb weitestgehend identische Produkte erzeugt ist der verfahrensspezifische Produktionsaufwand das heisst sein Ausfluss auf die Bildveranderungs-Software, nur bei professionell eingesetzten Produkten speziell erforderlich und kann im wirtschaftlich ausserst interessanten Regelfall der Massenproduktion von Digitalkameras auf Intervallkontrollen beschrankt werden g Der erfindungsgemasse Vorteil des Verfahrens liegt in der enormen Reduzierung produktionstechnischen Aufwandes, also der Produktionskosten und damit in der Ressourcen- Schonung, weil durch sinnvolle Kombination bewahrter und kostengünstiger technischer Standards mit ergebnisoptimierender Geodäsie geometrische Abbildungsqualltaten erreicht werden die bisher nicht möglich waren, bzw nur in spezifischen anwendungsbedingt nur sehr begrenzten Einzelfallen mit sehr grossem produktionstechnischen Aufwand PRAGMATIC ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS a Both the precision of the lenses and the precision of other components of the measuring camera that determine the geometrical fidelity are subject to significantly lower production requirements than before, because the method completely eliminates all geometric imaging errors Cause will be corrected, which will result in significantly lower production costs and sales prices, thus opening up new fields of application because a much larger circle of users than before will be addressed affine transformations are betπebswi with regard to the specific application requirements, such as for professional measurement technology or for hobby photography, in their cost-benefit ratio economically optimized against each other b For conventional photogrammetric solutions, using reference marks results in absolutely exact data of the inner orientation of the measuring camera Desnalb, it is no longer necessary to realize the accuracy of such data with complex production processes and still remaining residual tolerances c by alternating equipping the measuring camera with strong unterscmedlich brennweitigen lenses that are very poor geometric Abbιldungseιgenschaf * s can have such B fisheye lenses werαen been denied fotogrammetπsche applications possible because mechanically ensures that all lenses used always have the identical assignment to the measuring camera αie objectively specific order Corrections to the image modification software apply d Due to the enormous spread of inexpensive, yet very fast computers with extremely large storage capacities and often only minimal corresponding utilization, the users do not incur any additional device costs, rather they are able to make more economical use of the investments that have already been made. e Process steps 1 to 3 are carried out by the user Manufacturer of the measuring camera so that the user can work productively immediately f The method can also be used for non-photogrammetric areas of digital image acquisition by integrating it into the software of general digital photography. Despite the low process-specific effort, geometrically accurate images are achieved with sophisticated photography with high-quality lenses Applications with geometrically strong distortion and inexpensive to produce lenses largely true-to-geometry images Since the enormously growth-oriented production of digital cameras automates is and therefore largely identical products are produced, the process-specific production effort, i.e. its impact on the image change software, is only required for professionally used products and can be limited to interval controls in the economically extremely interesting rule of mass production of digital cameras g The advantage of the process according to the invention lies in the enormous reduction of production-technical effort, i.e. the production costs and thus in the conservation of resources, because through a sensible combination of well-preserved and cost-effective technical standards with result-optimizing geodesy, high-quality images are achieved that were previously not possible, or only in specific, application-specific, only very limited individual cases very large production engineering effort

Claims

PATENTANSPRÜCHE
1 Verfahren zur Herstellung geometriegetreuer digitaler fotogrammetrischer Messbilder bei dem mittels einer digital fotografierenden Kamera, der sogenannten Messkamera ein Referenzgitter mit einer Vielzahl von geometrisch absolut bekannten Referenzmarken, die über das ganze Messbild verteilt sind, lotrecht und zentrisch zu seinem Mittelpunkt fotografiert wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass durch Vergleich der Koordinaten der Referenzmarken, der sogenannten Referenz-Koordinaten, mit den Koordinaten der Referenzmarken-Aolich- tungen auf dem Messbild den sogenannten Messbild-Koordmaten mittels geodätischer grafischer Datenverarbeitungs-Software, der sogenannten GDV-Software, in einem Rechner für jede auf dem Messbild abgelichtete Referenzmarke die X/Y-Abweιchungen von der Geometrietreue ermittelt werden, worauf diese Abweichungen mittels einzelner Reseaumaschen eines das Messbild vollständig abdeckenden Reseaus (1 ) in denen die XΥ-Abweι- chungen der Messbild-Koordmaten von den Referenz-Koorαmaten identisch sind, als ma- schensDezifische Korrektur-Konstanten in eine Bildveranderungs-Software integriert werden, die unter Verwendung eines in ihr definierten identischen Reseaus diese maschenspezifischen Korrektur-Konstanten durch Addition an den digital definierten Bildpixeln beliebiger Messbilder dieser Messkamera anbringt und diese Messbilder mittels Methoden digitaler Bildveranderungs- Softwares geometriegetreu korrigiert wobei es unerheblich ist, von welchen für die Geometrietreue relevanten fehlerhaften Kriterien der Messkamera die Abweichungen des Messbildes von der Geometrietreue herrühren1 Method for producing true-to-geometry digital photogrammetric measurement images in which a reference grid with a large number of absolutely well-known reference marks, which are distributed over the entire measurement image, is photographed perpendicularly and centrally to its center using a digitally photographing camera, the so-called measurement camera, characterized in that that by comparing the coordinates of the reference marks, the so-called reference coordinates, with the coordinates of the reference mark alignments on the measurement image, the so-called measurement image coordinates using geodetic graphic data processing software, the so-called GDV software, in a computer for each the X / Y deviations from the geometrical fidelity are determined on the measurement image, whereupon these deviations by means of individual resea meshes of a residue (1) completely covering the measurement image, in which the XΥ deviations of the measurement image coordinates from the reference reference coordinates are identical, as mesh-specific correction constants are integrated into an image change software which, using an identical residue defined therein, attaches these mesh-specific correction constants by addition to the digitally defined image pixels of any measurement images of this measurement camera and these measurement images Corrected in accordance with the geometry using methods of digital image change software, it being irrelevant which of the incorrect criteria of the measuring camera relevant for the geometric accuracy result in the deviations of the measurement image from the geometric accuracy
2 Verfahren gemass dem Patentanspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet dass Filmemulsions- bilder in geometriegetreue digitale Messbilder umgewandelt werden indem die Dig talisie- rungsvorπchtungen dieser Filmemulsionsbilder in das Verfahren einbezogen werden2 are process ACCORDING to claim 1, characterized converted into digital measurement geometry faithful images that film emulsion images we r by the Dig talisie- rungsvorπchtungen this film emulsion images in the method include
3 Verfahren gemass dem Patentanspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Referenzgitter in einem Naturraum sich befindliche Referenzmarken verwendet werden, die auf die Ebene eines theoretischen Referenzgitters gerechnet werden3 Method according to claim 1, characterized in that reference marks located in a natural area are used as reference grids, which are calculated on the level of a theoretical reference grid
4 Verfahren gemass dem Patentanspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet dass ein Reseau (1 ) verwencet wird, das gegen seine Peripherien radial abnehmende Maschentiefen hat wodurch die gegen die Penpnerien des Messbildes radial zunehmenden geometrischen Abbildungsfehler des Objektives der Messkamera so eingegrenzt werden, dass innerhalb einer Reseaumasche nur identische Abbildungsfehler auftreten4 method according to claim 1, characterized in that a reseau (1) is used, which has radially decreasing mesh depths towards its peripheries, thereby limiting the radial aberrations of the objective of the measuring camera, which increase radially against the penperes of the measurement image, so that only within one resume mesh identical imaging errors occur
5 Verfahren gemass der Pa'entanspruche 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in den relativ stark geometrisch ve'zeichnenden penpheren Bereichen cer Messbilder zur Korrektur der Bildpixel affine TransOrmationen gerechnet werden, deren Mascheneckpunkte Referenzmarken sind5 Method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that in the relatively strongly geometrically defined penpheric areas cer measuring images for correcting the image pixels affine transformations are calculated, the mesh corner points of which are reference marks
6 Verfahren gemass der Patentansprüche 1 und 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet dass einzelne Teilbilder , die aus einem digitalen Messbild gewonnen sind, mosaikartig wieder geometriegetreu zum gesamten Messbild zusammengefugt werden Verfahren gemass dem Patentanspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mittels der Koordinaten der auf einem Messbild abgelichteten Referenzmarken die Innere Orientierung der Messkamera ermittelt wird. 6 Method according to claims 1 and 4, characterized in that individual partial images, which are obtained from a digital measurement image, are combined again in a mosaic-like manner to form the entire measurement image Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the internal orientation of the measurement camera is determined by means of the coordinates of the reference marks imaged on a measurement image.
PCT/CH2001/000195 2000-04-20 2001-03-30 Method for converting non-geometrically-true photographs using graphic data processing method in geometrically-true digital measured images WO2001084078A1 (en)

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JP2001581056A JP2003532233A (en) 2000-04-20 2001-03-30 A method for converting non-geometric photographs into geometrically faithful digital surveying photographs by graphic data processing.

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CN110673142A (en) * 2019-07-19 2020-01-10 中国科学院电子学研究所 Geometric deformation error correction method and device for polar coordinate format imaging

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FR2329973A1 (en) * 1975-10-30 1977-05-27 Sofermo Photogrammetric analyser for industrial photogrammetry - has photographs of object placed on plate of stereo comparator
US4849912A (en) * 1987-08-03 1989-07-18 Vexcel Corporation Stereo mensuration method
US4878247A (en) * 1986-03-19 1989-10-31 Rollei Fototechnic Gmbh Method for the photogrammetrical pick up of an object with the aid of at least one opto-electric solid-state surface sensor
US5196900A (en) * 1988-04-12 1993-03-23 Metronor A.S. Method and sensor for opto-electronic angle measurements

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FR2329973A1 (en) * 1975-10-30 1977-05-27 Sofermo Photogrammetric analyser for industrial photogrammetry - has photographs of object placed on plate of stereo comparator
US4878247A (en) * 1986-03-19 1989-10-31 Rollei Fototechnic Gmbh Method for the photogrammetrical pick up of an object with the aid of at least one opto-electric solid-state surface sensor
US4849912A (en) * 1987-08-03 1989-07-18 Vexcel Corporation Stereo mensuration method
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CN110673142A (en) * 2019-07-19 2020-01-10 中国科学院电子学研究所 Geometric deformation error correction method and device for polar coordinate format imaging

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