WO2001054773A2

WO2001054773A2 - Method and extinguishing agent for extinguishing a fire caused by oil or fat

Info

Publication number: WO2001054773A2
Application number: PCT/EP2001/000904
Authority: WO
Inventors: Nicole GÖBEL
Original assignee: Febbex Ag
Priority date: 2000-01-28
Filing date: 2001-01-27
Publication date: 2001-08-02
Also published as: EP1250173A2; AU2001239232A1; DE10003793A1; WO2001054773A3

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and to an agent suitable for carrying out said method for extinguishing a heated or over-heated and/or burning oil and/or fat, such as is typically implied in deep fat fryer fires, using an aqueous alkaline solution. Said aqueous alkaline solution causes the partial saponification of the oil/fat and the formation of a floating, viscous and non-flammable separating layer that shuts off the supply of atmospheric oxygen to the burning substance. The method is particularly characterized in that the aqueous alkaline solution can be introduced into the burning oil and/or fat in a form in which it is chemically and/or physically bound to a binder and manufactured to a compact enveloped compound. Said compound is introduced into the burning oil and/or fat so as to be immersed, namely by throwing it into the oil and/or fat. The solution is released from the envelope while gradually evaporating the water, preventing fat explosions and saponifying the oil and/or fat.

Description

Process and extinguishing agent for extinguishing an oil and / or fat fire

TECHNICAL AREA

The invention relates to a method for extinguishing a heated or superheated burning oil and / or fat according to the preamble of claim 1 and also includes an extinguishing agent to be used according to the method.

STATE OF THE ART

Again and again there are serious accidents with burning deep fryers, pans, roasters etc. in private and also in commercial areas, in which serious personal injury occurs. The cause of these accidents, which are preventable per se, is generally known. A fryer will overheat due to a defective relay or a hotplate that has not been switched off. Oil reaches its ignition temperature at approx. 280 to 350 ° C and ignites itself. The user is surprised and, based on his experience, acts incorrectly by trying to extinguish with water, which causes a so-called fat explosion. This is not an explosion in the true sense, but an abrupt evaporation of the water due to the high fat and / or oil temperature. Here ^¬ at burning oil particles are carried along, which then form a very large surface, thereby allowing ample draw near oxygen and thereby accelerates combustion. This is an increased combustion rate with a spread measured in mm / s.

In principle, you can extinguish a fryer fire with water, but the following parameters must be coordinated with one another: temperature and amount of fat or oil, temperature and amount of water and time course of the water supply. However, under realistic conditions Such an attempt to delete is not recommended due to the associated risk of accidents.

At-risk people, especially housewives, can be protected against a fat explosion and its consequences through education, training and equipment. The fire brigades teach and demonstrate to prevent accidents:

1. Shut off the energy supply by switching off the fryer or the hob.

2. Cover the fryer or saucepan with a suitable lid or with a woolen blanket. However, according to the latest findings, a deep fryer fire can be enlarged by a fire blanket or wool blanket.

3. Alarm fire brigade, roommates, neighbors.

4. If deletion is not possible or feasible, leave the room and close the doors.

5. Switch off the electrical fuses in the apartment.

6. Instruct fire brigade.

7. C0 ₂ powder fire extinguishers have little effect.

8. Wet extinguishers can lead to a fat explosion.

9. Wet extinguishers with the addition of foam or extinguishing agents have little effect and can increase the size of the fire area (here the cooling effect of the water is missing, because extinguishing foam contains about 95% air).

10. Water extinguisher with the addition of a chemical, e.g.

Potash or sodium hydroxide solution or mixtures of one or more alkaline substances let the flames go out, However, a fat explosion must also be expected here. Here, part of the fat is converted into soap, which floats to the surface and forms a non-combustible separating layer there.

PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

The invention has for its object to provide a method for extinguishing a heated or overheated and / or burning oil and / or fat and a suitable extinguishing agent with which such fires can be extinguished effectively and without so-called fat explosions with their harmful consequences. Another concern of the invention is that the method and the extinguishing agent are easy to use, even without specialist knowledge in fire fighting.

The object is achieved by the features of the method specified in claim 1. Advantageous or expedient refinements of the method emerge from the method subclaims. The essential features of the fire extinguishing agent according to the invention are specified in claim 6, and advantageous or expedient embodiments of the extinguishing agent emerge from the associated subclaims.

The invention makes use of the known saponifiability of fats and oils by means of alkaline substances in the presence of water and of the fact that the substances formed float on liquid oils / fats, are non-flammable, at least flame-retardant and are surrounded by vessel or container walls Surfaces such as those typical of deep fryers and the like. are present, can form a closed separating layer shielding the access of atmospheric oxygen to the oil / fat. The evaporation of the excess water of the alkaline solution leads to a cooling of the oil / fat which is advantageous for the extinguishing process. An essential feature of the invention is the use of a binder for the aqueous alkaline solution, which binds the aqueous solution in such a way that there is practically no free water which could suddenly evaporate on contact with the very hot fat / oil. The water is released from the binder with heating after a time delay so that it can evaporate very slowly even at high temperatures. Eruptions and fat explosions can therefore not occur. The alkaline substances saponify the oils and / or fats slowly and form the separation layer described above.

It is important in the process according to the invention to introduce the extinguishing-active substance consisting of the aqueous alkaline solution and the binder in a compact and coated form into the oil / fat, so that the initially coated extinguishing-active substance is immersed in the oil / fat due to the density differences and sinks to the bottom of the vessel or container. Furthermore, it is important in the method according to the invention according to claim 1 that the casing opens after being introduced and immersed so that the slow water evaporation and saponification process can begin. However, the casing can also be opened immediately before being introduced into the fat / oil, so that the water vapor which forms under the action of heat drives the extinguishing substance out of the casing below the liquid level.

All animal fats and vegetable oils, such as tallow, bone fat, palm oils, palm kernel oils, olive oil, coconut oil, rapeseed oil, etc., can be saponified in the stated manner with an aqueous alkaline solution. With, for example, sodium or potassium hydroxide solution, as specified in claim 5 as alkaline substances which can be used with good results, the originally esterified fatty acids are cleaved to form glycerol and the corresponding salts of the fatty acids. The tough, floating soap mucus that has formed still has a considerable Chen water content. The method according to the invention can be used practically with all animal and vegetable fats / oils in use.

A so-called superabsorber (SAP) is preferably used as the binder in the method according to the invention, because superabsorbers have an unusually high binding capacity for water. For water this is about 1: 100 and depending on the salt content of the solution about 1:35, based on 30% sodium or potassium hydroxide solution (based on parts by weight). The aqueous alkaline solution chemically and physically bound to the superabsorber releases the water only under the influence of high temperatures, so that eruptions do not occur. Very good results are achieved with the superabsorbers of crosslinked, hydrogel-forming polymers, preferably with additions of materials with a large surface structure and / or capillary and / or fibrous structure. The additives simplify the mixing of the alkaline solution with the powder or particulate super absorber.

The special superabsorbers specified in claim 3 and the additives or physically active binders listed in claim 4 are particularly well suited for use in the process according to the invention. The additives or the only physically active binders have only a moderate effectiveness for the process-desired effect of slow water evaporation and also with regard to their water absorption capacity. However, superabsorbents are known in many different compositions. All of them can be used in the process according to the invention because of their excellent water absorption capacity.

The extinguishing agent to be used according to the method is specified in claim 6. What is essential for the success of the extinguishing process is, in particular, the formation of the casing into which the extinguishing substance is filled. The wrapping can be flexible be designed with or rigid, but it must be liquid-tight to prevent evaporation of water when not in use, even at higher temperatures. If a plastic is used as the coating material, it should melt at the oil and / or fat temperatures that occur in the event of fire fighting, in order to release the extinguishing substances for slow water evaporation with simultaneous partial saponification of the oil / fat.

Flexible wrappings can be made of plastic film, e.g. Polyethylene film, bag-shaped, into which the extinguishing substances are welded or glued.

Rigid plastic coverings can also be formed from a plastic that melts during fire fighting. According to claim 8, a rapid melting thin-walled area can be provided on the casing.

Rigid envelopes made of plastic or other materials resistant to alkaline solutions can, as stated in claim 9, also have a closure which is tightly closed for transport and storage and which, in the application, must be removed or opened before being introduced into the burning oil / fat. In this case, in which the opening expediently points downward, the oil / fat heats up the contents quickly, as a result of which the released water partially evaporates while increasing the pressure in the interior of the casing and drives the extinguishing substances out of the casing.

If the casing is rigid, it can basically have any suitable geometric shape if it is easy to fill, store and transport, and easy to handle when it is used. In general, one will choose a form in which there is a favorable filling volume / dimension ratio. Preferably come in accordance Claim 10 envelopes of spherical, bottle or canister shape into consideration.

The size of the envelopes and thus the amount of extinguishable substance enclosed therein can be different in adaptation to the amount of oil or fat to be extinguished, taking into account the free area size of the burning surface. However, extinguishing agents in smaller envelopes can also be introduced into the grease / oil in a suitable number in accordance with the fire extinguishing requirements.

A number of alternative possibilities are set out in claims 11 to 14 for the formation of the casing and for the materials which can be used for this purpose. These embodiments and materials include common that they must be alkali-resistant in order to keep the extinguishing agent operational even over longer periods. The strength of the respective covering must also be at least sufficiently able to withstand the stresses which arise during manufacture, storage and transport.

The application of the extinguishing agent according to the invention, and this is a significant advantage of the method according to the invention, is very simple. The flexible or rigidly coated extinguishing agent is simply thrown from a safe distance into the vessel or container in which the burning oil / fat is located. The extinguishing agent is immersed, the casing opens as described or was opened before being thrown in, the bound water is released and slowly evaporates while the oil / fat cools down. At the same time, sufficiently large amounts of oil / fat saponify, float to the surface of the fat / oil in a tough consistency and form the barrier layer blocking the entry of atmospheric oxygen.

The invention is described in more detail below with the aid of examples. Examples 1 to 15 are attempts to extinguish using conventional extinguishing agents and methods, while the games 16 to 25 relate to the invention. In the examples, the test arrangement specified below was used for carrying out the extinguishing tests in the event of oil and / or fat fires in the combination given in the examples.

experimental arrangement

The following devices were used: a roaster (deep fryer) with 3.5 1 holding volume made of cast iron, an electronic thermometer with a measuring range from -50 ° C to 450 ° C, a propane gas burner with 2000 watts of power, a fire extinguisher from the manufacturer Gloria as a wet extinguisher with 6 1 content, equipped with a C0 ₂ propellant cartridge, a stainless steel garden sprayer from the manufacturer Gloria with 10 1 content, with a maximum pressure of 6 bar and a hollow cone nozzle of 2 mm, a liquid container with 1000 ml content with remote control, polyethylene flat bag with 0 , 2 mm film thickness and dimensions of 150 x 100 mm, hollow spheres ^¬ polyethylene 50 and 80 mm diameter.

The combustion material was used, medium-quality fryer fat that was solid at room temperature and had a self-ignition temperature of around 300 to 320 ° C. Experiments with fresh fat did not show any noteworthy deviations. The following were used as extinguishing and saponification media: drinking water, drinking water / foaming agent mixtures, sodium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution, soda, saturated soda solution, potash and mixtures with one another in aqueous solutions.

Examples

Example 1, sodium hydroxide solution 56%

2000 g of fat were poured into the fryer and heated with a gas burner until the fat ignited at approx. 300 ° C. The fat was then further heated to approximately 350 ° C. and left to burn for 2 minutes. With the remote release the liquid container was opened so that the solution in question, consisting of 200 g of 56% sodium hydroxide solution at a temperature of about 20 ° C., got into the burning fat.

There was a violent eruption and thus the so-called small fat explosion. The fire in the fryer has slowly gone out. The fat boiled over the edge. The formation of a tough, buoyant substance has been observed. It was core soap, baking soda. - sodium soap.

An extinguishing success can be observed, but there is a great danger from a fat explosion.

Example 2, solution from 100 g drinking water and 100 g sodium hydroxide solution 56%

2000 g of fat were poured into the fryer and heated with a gas burner until the fat ignited at approx. 300 ° C. The fat was then further heated to approximately 350 ° C. and left to burn for 2 minutes. With the remote release, the liquid container was opened so that the solution in question, consisting of a mixture of 100 g of drinking water and 100 g of 56% sodium hydroxide solution at a temperature of about 20 ° C., got into the burning fat.

There was a violent eruption and thus the so-called fat explosion. The fire in the fryer has gone out, but another fire has occurred elsewhere. The formation of a tough, buoyant substance has been observed. It was core soap, baking soda. - sodium soap.

Successful extinguishing has been observed, but there is a very great danger from a fat explosion with hazards to persons. Example 3, solution of 150 g of drinking water and 50 g of sodium hydroxide solution 56%

2000 g of fat were poured into the fryer and heated with a gas burner until the fat ignited at approx. 300 ° C. The fat was then further heated to approximately 350 ° C. and left to burn for 2 minutes. The remote control opened the liquid container so that the solution in question, consisting of a mixture of 150 g drinking water and 50 g 56% sodium hydroxide solution at a temperature of approx. 20 ° C, got into the burning fat.

There was a very violent eruption and thus the so-called fat explosion. The fire in the fryer has gone out, the fat is boiling over the rim and there is a subsequent fire. The formation of a tough, buoyant substance has been observed. It was core soap, baking soda. - sodium soap.

No real extinguishing success can be observed, there is a very great danger from a fat explosion with hazards to people.

Example 4, solution of 50 g of drinking water and 150 g of sodium hydroxide solution 56%

2000 g of fat were poured into the fryer and heated with a gas burner until the fat ignited at approx. 300 ° C. The fat was then further heated to approximately 350 ° C. and left to burn for 2 minutes. With the remote release, the liquid container was opened so that the solution in question, consisting of a mixture of 50 g of drinking water and 150 g of 56% sodium hydroxide solution at a temperature of about 20 ° C., got into the burning fat.

There was a violent eruption and thus the so-called small fat explosion. The fire in the fryer has gone out see, but elsewhere there was a subsequent fire. The formation of a small amount of a tough, buoyant substance was observed. It was core soap, baking soda. - sodium soap.

No real extinguishing success can be observed, there is a very great danger from a fat explosion with danger to persons.

Example 5, Potassium hydroxide solution

2000 g of fat were poured into the fryer and heated with a ^• gas burner until the fat ignited at approx. 300 ° C. The fat was then further heated to approximately 350 ° C. and left to burn for 2 minutes. With the remote release, the liquid container was opened so that the solution in question, consisting of 200 g of potassium hydroxide solution at a temperature of approx. 20 ° C., got into the burning fat.

There was a violent eruption and thus the so-called small fat explosion. The fire in the fryer has slowly gone out. The fat boiled over the edge. The formation of a tough, buoyant substance has been observed. It was core soap, potash. - potassium soap.

An extinguishing success can be observed, but there is a danger from a fat explosion.

Example 6, solution from 100 g of drinking water and 100 g of potassium hydroxide solution

2000 g of fat were poured into the fryer and heated with a gas burner until the fat ignited at approx. 300 ° C. The fat was then further heated to approximately 350 ° C. and left to burn for 2 minutes. With the remote release, the liquid container was opened so that the solution in question, consisting of a mixture of 100 g of drinking water water and 100 g of potassium hydroxide solution at a temperature of approx. 20 ° C, which got into the burning fat.

There was a violent eruption and thus the so-called fat explosion. The fire in the fryer has gone out, but another fire has occurred elsewhere. The formation of a tough, buoyant substance has been observed. It was core soap, potash. - potassium soap.

An extinguishing success can be observed, there is a very great danger from a fat explosion with hazards to persons.

Example 7, solution from 150 g of drinking water and 50 g of potassium hydroxide solution

2000 g of fat were poured into the fryer and heated with a gas burner until the fat ignited at approx. 300 ° C. The fat was then further heated to approximately 350 ° C. and left to burn for 2 minutes. With the remote release, the liquid container was opened so that the relevant solution, consisting of a mixture of 150 g drinking water and 50 g potassium hydroxide solution at a temperature of approx. 20 ° C, got into the burning fat.

There was a violent eruption and a so-called fat explosion. The fire in the fryer has gone out, but another fire has occurred elsewhere. The formation of a tough, buoyant substance has been observed. It was core soap, potash. - potassium soap.

No extinguishing success can be observed, but there is a very great danger from a fat explosion with hazards to persons.

Example 8, solution from 50 g of drinking water and 150 g of potassium hydroxide solution

2000 g of fat were poured into the fryer and heated with a gas burner until the fat ignited at approx. 300 ° C. Then the fat was further increased to approx. 350 ° C warmed and let burn for 2 minutes. With the remote release, the liquid container was opened so that the solution in question, consisting of a mixture of 50 g of drinking water and 150 g of potassium hydroxide solution at a temperature of approx. 20 ° C., got into the burning fat.

There was a violent eruption and thus the so-called small fat explosion. The fire in the fryer has gone out, the fat has boiled over the edge, and there has been a subsequent fire. The formation of a tough, buoyant substance has been observed. It was core soap, potash. Potassium soap.

No real extinguishing success can be observed, but there is a very great danger from a fat explosion with hazards to persons.

Example 9, saturated soda solution

2000 g of fat were poured into the fryer and heated with a gas burner until the fat ignited at approx. 300 ° C. The fat was then further heated to approximately 350 ° C. and left to burn for 2 minutes. With the remote release, the liquid container was opened so that the solution in question, consisting of 200 g of saturated soda solution with a temperature of approx. 20 ° C., got into the burning fat.

There was a violent eruption and thus the so-called small fat explosion. The fire in the fryer has slowly gone out. The fat boiled over the edge. The formation of a tough, buoyant substance has been observed. It was a kind of curd soap.

An extinguishing success can be observed, but there is a great danger from a fat explosion. Example 10, solution from 100 g of drinking water and 100 g of saturated soda solution

2000 g of fat were poured into the fryer and heated with a gas burner until the fat ignited at approx. 300 ° C. The fat was then further heated to approximately 350 ° C. and left to burn for 2 minutes. With the remote release, the liquid container was opened so that the solution in question, consisting of a mixture of 100 g drinking water and 100 g saturated soda solution with a temperature of approx. 20 ° C., got into the burning fat.

There was a violent eruption and thus the so-called fat explosion. The fire in the fryer has gone out, but another fire has occurred elsewhere. The formation of a tough, buoyant substance has been observed. It was a kind of curd soap.

Example 11, solution from 150 g of drinking water and 50 g of saturated soda solution

2000 g of fat were poured into the fryer and heated with a gas burner until the fat ignited at approx. 300 ° C. The fat was then further heated to approximately 350 ° C. and left to burn for 2 minutes. With the remote release, the liquid container was opened so that the solution in question, consisting of a mixture of 150 g of drinking water and 50 g of saturated soda solution at a temperature of about 20 ° C., got into the burning fat.

There was a very violent eruption and a so-called fat explosion. The fire in the fryer has gone out, but another fire has occurred elsewhere. The education a tough, buoyant substance was observed. It was a kind of curd soap.

Example 12, solution from 50 g of drinking water and 150 g of saturated soda solution

2000 g of fat were poured into the fryer and heated with a gas burner until the fat ignited at approx. 300 ° C. The fat was then further heated to approximately 350 ° C. and left to burn for 2 minutes. With the remote release, the liquid container was opened so that the solution in question, consisting of a mixture of 50 g of drinking water and 150 g of saturated soda solution at a temperature of about 20 ° C., got into the burning fat.

There was a violent eruption and a so-called small fat explosion. The fire in the fryer has gone out, the fat has boiled over the edge, and there has been a subsequent fire. The formation of a tough, buoyant substance has been observed. It was core soap, baking soda. - sodium soap.

Example 13, 200 g of drinking water

2000 g of fat were poured into the fryer and heated with a gas burner until the fat ignited at approx. 300 ° C. The fat was then further heated to approximately 350 ° C. and left to burn for 2 minutes. With the remote release, the liquid container was opened so that 200 g of drinking water with a temperature of approx. 15 ° C got into the burning fat. There was a very violent eruption and a so-called fat explosion with a flash of flame about 3 m high and a diameter of about 1.5 m. The fire in the fryer went out later, but there were subsequent fires in many other places. The fryer was almost empty.

Example 14, solution from 195 g of drinking water and 5 g of multigrade foam

2000 g of fat were poured into the fryer and heated with a gas burner until the fat ignited at approx. 300 ° C. The fat was then further heated to approximately 350 ° C. and left to burn for 2 minutes. In a squirt bottle, foam was made by shaking from a mixture of 195 g drinking water and 5 g multi-purpose foam with a temperature of approx. 15 ° C. The foam was injected into the fryer.

There was a very violent eruption and a so-called fat explosion with a flash of flame. The fire in the fryer went out later, but there were subsequent fires in many other places. The fryer was almost empty.

No effective extinguishing success can be observed, but there is a very great danger from a fat explosion with hazards to people.

Example 15, foam from a solution of 195 g drinking water and 5 g multigrade foam

2000 g of fat were poured into the fryer and heated with a gas burner until the fat ignited at approx. 300 ° C. The fat was then further heated to approximately 350 ° C. and left to burn for 2 minutes. With the remote release the liquid container was opened so that the solution in question, consisting of a mixture of 195 g drinking water and 5 g multigrade foam as a foam with an approx. 20-fold expansion number with a temperature of approx. 15 ° C., got into the burning fat. The foam was created by shaking in a 10 liter jar and poured over the burning fat with a 1 liter cup. Care was taken to ensure that as little free water as possible got into the fat.

The foam, with a share of approx. 3 - 5% water and approx. 95 - 97% air, was not able to extinguish the fire, occasionally there were very violent eruptions and so-called fat explosions with a flame. The fire in the fryer could not be brought under control.

No extinguishing success can be observed, but there is a danger from a fat explosion with hazards to persons.

Summary of the results of Examples 1 to 15:

None of the examples shows a satisfactory result with regard to the deletion success. In addition, a strong to very strong eruption (fat explosion) with a simultaneous increase in fire (spread of fire) and, above all, a risk to persons must be expected.

Example 16, 10 g SAP powder, 100 g drinking water, 40 g sodium hydroxide solution 56%, 1 sachet, 1 scoop

2000 g of fat were poured into the fryer and heated with a gas burner until the fat ignited at approx. 300 ° C. The fat was then further heated to approximately 350 ° C. and left to burn for 2 minutes. The solution in question, consisting of 10 g SAP powder, 100 g drinking water, 40 g sodium hydroxide solution 56% in a 0.2 mm polyethylene bag or in a ball at a temperature of approx. 20 ° C was thrown into the burning fat.

The bag and the ball dipped under the liquid level and melted in the burning fat. A light brown, viscous mass oozed from the burning fryer fat, swam up and formed a non-combustible separating layer, so that the fire went out. A small portion of the fryer fat boiled over, but without spreading the fire. The formation of a tough, buoyant substance has been observed. It was core soap, baking soda. - sodium soap.

A very good extinguishing success can be observed, the high risk of a fat explosion is excluded. Corresponding results were obtained if 40 g of the less caustic sodium acetate were used instead of the 40 g of sodium hydroxide solution.

Example 17, 10 g SAP powder, 50 g drinking water, 140 g sodium hydroxide solution 56%, 1 sachet, 1 scoop

2000 g of fat were poured into the fryer and heated with a gas burner until the fat ignited at approx. 300 ° C. The fat was then further heated to approximately 350 ° C. and left to burn for 2 minutes. The solution in question, consisting of 10 g SAP powder, 50 g drinking water, 140 g sodium hydroxide solution 56% in a 0.2 mm polyethylene bag or in a ball at a temperature of approx. 20 ° C, was thrown into the burning fat.

A good extinguishing success can be observed, the great danger of a fat explosion is excluded.

Example 18, 10 g SAP powder, 100 g drinking water, 40 g sodium hydroxide solution 56%, 1 sachet, 1 scoop

2000 g of fat were poured into the fryer and heated with a gas burner until the fat ignited at approx. 300 ° C. The fat was then further heated to approximately 350 ° C. and left to burn for 2 minutes. The solution in question, consisting of 10 g SAP powder, 50 g drinking water, 50 g sodium hydroxide solution 56% in a 0.2 mm polyethylene bag or in a ball at a temperature of approx. 20 ° C, was thrown into the burning fat.

The bag and the ball are melted in the burning fat and submerged under the liquid level. A light brown, viscous mass oozed from the burning fryer fat, swam up and formed a non-combustible separating layer, so that the fire went out. A small portion of the fryer fat boiled over, but without spreading the fire. The formation of a tough, buoyant substance has been observed. It was core soap, baking soda. - sodium soap.

An extinguishing success can be observed, the great danger of a fat explosion is excluded.

Example 19, 10 g SAP powder, 100 g drinking water, 40 g potassium hydroxide solution, 1 sachet, 1 scoop

2000 g of fat were poured into the fryer and heated with a gas burner until the fat ignited at approx. 300 ° C. Then the fat was further increased to approx. 350 ° C warmed and let burn for 2 minutes. The solution in question, consisting of 10 g SAP powder, 100 g drinking water, 40 g potassium hydroxide in a 0.2 mm polyethylene bag or in a ball at a temperature of approx. 20 ° C, was thrown into the burning fat.

The bag and the ball dipped under the liquid level and melted in the burning fat. A light brown, viscous mass oozed from the burning fryer fat, swam up and formed a non-combustible separating layer, so that the fire went out. A small portion of the fryer fat boiled over, but without spreading the fire. The formation of a tough, buoyant substance has been observed. It was a kind of curd soap.

A very good extinguishing success can be observed, the great danger of a fat explosion is excluded. Corresponding results were obtained if 40 g of the less caustic potassium acetate were used instead of the 40 g potassium hydroxide solution.

Example 20, 10 g SAP powder, 50 g drinking water, 140 g potassium hydroxide solution, 1 sachet, 1 scoop

2000 g of fat were poured into the fryer and heated with a gas burner until the fat ignited at approx. 300 ° C. The fat was then further heated to approximately 350 ° C. and left to burn for 2 minutes. The solution in question, consisting of 10 g SAP powder, 50 g drinking water, 140 g potassium hydroxide in a polyethylene bag 0.2 mm or in a ball with a temperature of approx. 20 ° C, was thrown into the burning fat.

The bag and the ball dipped under the liquid level and melted in the burning fat. A light brown, viscous mass oozed out of the burning fryer fat, swam up and formed a non-flammable separating Layer so that the fire went out. A small portion of the fryer fat boiled over, but without spreading the fire. The formation of a tough, buoyant substance has been observed. It was a kind of curd soap.

Example 21, 5 g SAP powder, 50 g drinking water, 50 g potassium hydroxide solution, 1 sachet, 1 scoop

2000 g of fat were poured into the fryer and heated with a gas burner until the fat ignited at approx. 300 ° C. The fat was then further heated to approximately 350 ° C. and left to burn for 2 minutes. The solution in question, consisting of 5 g SAP powder, 50 g drinking water, 50 g potassium hydroxide solution in a 0.2 mm polyethylene bag or in a ball at a temperature of approx. 20 ° C, was thrown into the burning fat.

The bag and the ball dipped below the liquid level and melted in the burning fat. A light brown, viscous mass oozed from the burning fryer fat, swam up and formed a non-combustible separating layer, so that the fire went out. A small portion of the fryer fat boiled over, but without spreading the fire. The formation of a tough, buoyant substance has been observed. It was a kind of curd soap.

Example 22, 100 g SAP wet (undried, soaked), 100 g sodium hydroxide solution 56%, 1 sachet, 1 ball

2000 g of fat were poured into the fryer and heated with a gas burner until the fat ignited at approx. 300 ° C. Then the fat was further increased to approx. 350 ° C warmed and let burn for 2 minutes. The solution in question, consisting of 100 g SAP damp, 100 g sodium hydroxide solution 56% in a 0.2 mm polyethylene bag or in a ball at a temperature of approx. 20 ° C, was thrown into the burning fat.

The bag and the ball dipped below the liquid level and melted in the burning fat. A light brown, viscous mass oozed out of the burning fryer fat, swam up and formed a non-combustible separating layer so that the fire went out. A minor part of the fryer fat boiled over, but without spreading the fire. The formation of a tough, buoyant substance has been observed. It was core soap, baking soda. - sodium soap.

A very good extinguishing success can be observed, the great danger of a fat explosion is excluded.

Example 23, 50 g SAP wet (undried, soaked), 50 g sodium hydroxide solution 56%, 1 sachet, 1 ball

2000 g of fat were poured into the fryer and heated with a gas burner until the fat ignited at approx. 300 ° C. The fat was then further heated to approximately 350 ° C. and left to burn for 2 minutes. The solution in question, consisting of 50 g SAP damp, 50 g sodium hydroxide solution 56% in a 0.2 mm polyethylene bag or in a ball at a temperature of approx. 20 ° C, was thrown into the burning fat.

The bag and the ball are melted in the burning fat and submerged under the liquid level. A light brown, viscous mass oozed from the burning fryer fat, swam up and formed a non-combustible separating layer, so that the fire went out. A small portion of the fryer fat boiled over, but without spreading the fire. The formation of a tough, buoyant substance has been observed. It was core soap, baking soda. - sodium soap. An extinguishing success can be observed, the great danger of a fat explosion is excluded.

Example 24, 100 g SAP wet (undried, soaked), 100 g potassium hydroxide solution, 1 sachet, 1 scoop

2000 g of fat were poured into the fryer and heated with a gas burner until the fat ignited at approx. 300 ° C. The fat was then further heated to approximately 350 ° C. and left to burn for 2 minutes. The solution in question, consisting of 100 g SAP damp, 100 g potassium hydroxide in a 0.2 mm polyethylene bag or in a ball at a temperature of approx. 20 ° C, was thrown into the burning fat.

The bag and the ball are melted in the burning fat and submerged under the liquid level. A light brown, viscous mass oozed from the burning fryer fat, swam up and formed a non-combustible separating layer, so that the fire went out. A minor part of the fryer fat boiled over, but without spreading the fire. The formation of a tough, buoyant substance has been observed. It was a kind of curd soap.

A very good extinguishing success can be observed, the high risk of a fat explosion is excluded.

Example 25, 50 g SAP wet (undried, soaked), 50 g potassium hydroxide solution, 1 sachet, 1 scoop

2000 g of fat were poured into the fryer and heated with a gas burner until the fat ignited at approx. 300 ° C. The fat was then further heated to approximately 350 ° C. and left to burn for 2 minutes. The solution in question, consisting of 50 g SAP damp, 100 g potassium hydroxide in a 0.2 mm polyethylene bag or in a ball at a temperature of approx. 20 ° C, was thrown into the burning fat. The bag and the ball are melted in the burning fat and submerged under the liquid level. A light brown, viscous mass oozed from the burning fryer fat, swam up and formed a non-combustible separating layer, so that the fire went out. A minor part of the fryer fat boiled over, but without spreading the fire. The formation of a tough, buoyant substance has been observed. It was a kind of curd soap.

Summary of the results of Examples 16 to 25:

The fire was extinguished reliably in all tests carried out by the method according to the invention using the extinguishing agent according to the invention. There were no eruptions or fat explosions. Spreads of fire were not observed. People were not at risk. Neither the viscous substance formed (soap) nor the fat and / or oil could be ignited again after successful extinguishing, not even from surrounding fires. After the stable, non-combustible separating layer had been formed, surrounding fires could be extinguished safely with normal extinguishing water without causing grease explosions. Fire-fighting water splashes on the separating layer made of the viscous substance (soap) have never produced grease explosions. Any soap residue that has spilled over the edge of the fryer when being removed is easier to remove than fat and / or oil.

The superabsorber used in Examples 16 to 25 was the product Sanwet IM 7000 from Casella Clariant.

There will be a method and means suitable for performing the method of extinguishing a heated or superheated and / or burning oil and / or fat, as is typically the case with Deep fryer fires are suggested using an aqueous alkaline solution. The aqueous alkaline solution leads to a partial saponification of the oil / fat with the formation of a floating, viscous and non-combustible separating layer, which stops the entry of atmospheric oxygen to the combustion material. The peculiarities of the method are that the aqueous alkaline solution is chemically and / or physically bound to a binding agent in a compact, encapsulated form, so that it is immersed in the burning oil and / or fat, that is, thrown in and out of the casing for the slow evaporation of the water Avoiding fat explosions and saponifying oil and / or fat is released.

Claims

claims

1. Method for extinguishing a heated or superheated burning oil and / or fat by means of an aqueous alkaline solution, which leads to saponification of the oil and / or fat with formation of a floating, non-combustible separating layer which prevents the entry of atmospheric oxygen to the Firewood ends, characterized in that the aqueous alkaline solution is chemically and / or physically bound to a binding agent in a compact, encapsulated form and is immersed in the burning oil and / or fat, and in it from the coating for slow evaporation of the water and saponification of Oil and / or fat is released.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a superabsorbent (SAP) made of crosslinked, hydrogel-forming polymers, preferably with additions of materials with a large surface structure and / or capillary and / or fibrous structure, is used as the chemical-physical binder.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that a superabsorber produced by polymerization of acrylic acid amide and / or acrylic acid and / or a salt thereof in the presence of up to two% by weight of bisacrylamidoacetic acid, trimethylolpropane triacrylate and / or tetraallyloxyethane is used.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that porous, absorbent or swellable materials are used individually or in mixtures selected from the following group as the physically active binders and / or as additives: vermiculite, diatomaceous earth, burned and / or unfired clays, tufa, expanded clay, gas concrete, gypsum, guar flour, cereal flour, starches from, for example, corn or potatoes, food thickeners, gelatin, wallpaper paste, Peat, sawdust, wood flour, cellulose, polypropylene or polyethylene spun or nonwovens, polyurethane foams.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the hydroxides of the alkali metals, for example sodium and / or potassium hydroxide, alone or together with other alkaline substances, such as sodium carbonate (soda), potassium carbonate (as aqueous alkaline solutions) Potash), ammonium hydroxide, or alkaline and / or alkaline earth salts of organic or inorganic acids, for example sodium acetate and / or potassium acetate, can be used.

6. Fire extinguishing agent for extinguishing a heated or superheated burning oil and / or fat by means of an aqueous alkaline solution, which leads to saponification of the oil and / or fat with formation of a floating, non-combustible separating layer, which stops the access of atmospheric oxygen to the combustion material , for use in the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a binder loaded with an aqueous alkaline solution is filled into a liquid-tight, flexible or rigid covering, consisting of a material resistant to alkaline solutions, selected from of the following group: thermoplastics melting at the relevant oil and / or fat temperatures, aluminum, glass, tinplate.

7. Fire extinguishing agent according to claim 6, characterized in that flexible envelopes consist of plastic film and are bag-shaped and contain the binder loaded with the aqueous alkaline see solution enclosed by welding or gluing liquid-tight.

8. Fire extinguishing agent according to claim 6, characterized in that rigid envelopes formed of plastic have a faster melting thin-walled area.

9. Fire extinguishing agent according to claim 6, characterized in that rigid envelopes have a tight-closing closure, which is easy to remove or open when in use.

10. Fire extinguishing agent according to one of claims 6, 8 and 9, characterized in that the rigid envelopes are spherical, bottle or canister shape.

11. Fire extinguishing agent according to one of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that the covering material consists of a thermoplastic material of low liquid absorption and low permeability for liquids and gases and is selected from the group polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyamides.

12. Fire extinguishing agent according to one of claims 6, 7 and 11, characterized in that the covering is formed from a plastic / aluminum composite film.

13. Fire extinguishing agent according to one of claims 6, 9 and 10, characterized in that the covering is formed from a lattice-shaped carrier material made of polypropylene, polyethylene, paper, glass or metal and a wax that seals the carrier material in a liquid-tight manner.

14. Fire extinguishing agent according to one of claims 6, 9 and 10, characterized in that the covering made of a metal sieve as the carrier material and a material which seals the carrier material in a liquid-tight manner, selected from the group

Waxes, polypropylene, polyethylene or other thermoplastic materials.