WO2001042825B1 - Wavelength division multiplexing system and method using a reconfigurable diffraction grating - Google Patents

Wavelength division multiplexing system and method using a reconfigurable diffraction grating

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Publication number
WO2001042825B1
WO2001042825B1 PCT/US2000/042560 US0042560W WO0142825B1 WO 2001042825 B1 WO2001042825 B1 WO 2001042825B1 US 0042560 W US0042560 W US 0042560W WO 0142825 B1 WO0142825 B1 WO 0142825B1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
diffraction
given
beams
input light
output means
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2000/042560
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2001042825A1 (en
Inventor
Mikhail A Gutin
Original Assignee
Interscience Inc
Mikhail A Gutin
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Interscience Inc, Mikhail A Gutin filed Critical Interscience Inc
Priority to AU45165/01A priority Critical patent/AU4516501A/en
Priority to US10/257,198 priority patent/US7099086B2/en
Publication of WO2001042825A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001042825A1/en
Publication of WO2001042825B1 publication Critical patent/WO2001042825B1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29304—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating
    • G02B6/29305—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating as bulk element, i.e. free space arrangement external to a light guide
    • G02B6/2931—Diffractive element operating in reflection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/02—Details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/02—Details
    • G01J3/0205—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
    • G01J3/0235—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows using means for replacing an element by another, for replacing a filter or a grating
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/02—Details
    • G01J3/0256—Compact construction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/12—Generating the spectrum; Monochromators
    • G01J3/18—Generating the spectrum; Monochromators using diffraction elements, e.g. grating
    • G01J3/1804—Plane gratings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
    • G02B26/0808—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more diffracting elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
    • G02B5/1828—Diffraction gratings having means for producing variable diffraction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29304—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating
    • G02B6/29305—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating as bulk element, i.e. free space arrangement external to a light guide
    • G02B6/29313—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating as bulk element, i.e. free space arrangement external to a light guide characterised by means for controlling the position or direction of light incident to or leaving the diffractive element, e.g. for varying the wavelength response
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29304—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating
    • G02B6/29305—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating as bulk element, i.e. free space arrangement external to a light guide
    • G02B6/29313—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating as bulk element, i.e. free space arrangement external to a light guide characterised by means for controlling the position or direction of light incident to or leaving the diffractive element, e.g. for varying the wavelength response
    • G02B6/29314—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating as bulk element, i.e. free space arrangement external to a light guide characterised by means for controlling the position or direction of light incident to or leaving the diffractive element, e.g. for varying the wavelength response by moving or modifying the diffractive element, e.g. deforming
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29379—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device
    • G02B6/2938—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device for multiplexing or demultiplexing, i.e. combining or separating wavelengths, e.g. 1xN, NxM
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29379—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device
    • G02B6/29395—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device configurable, e.g. tunable or reconfigurable

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Optical Communication System (AREA)
  • Diffracting Gratings Or Hologram Optical Elements (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides in a wavelength division multiplexer and/or a dense wavelength division multiplexer (WDM/DWDM) by incorporating an electronically reconfigurable diffraction grating (108) diffracting at least one input light beam (106) into diffracted light beams of N wavebands (110, 112, 114, 116). The introduction of the electronically reconfigurable diffraction grating (108), which may be fabricated using MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) technology, improves the compact design, durability, and dynamic functionality of the WDM/DWDM system.

Claims

AMENDED CLAIMS
[received by the International Bureau on 03 July 2001 (03.07.01); original claims 3, 5-8, 13, 16, 18-21 and 26 amended; new claims 27-38 added; remaining claims unchanged (4 pages)] 1 An optical wavelength division multiplexing system, composing a reconfigurable diffraction grating (108) diffracUng at least one input light beam (106) into diffracted light beams of N wavebands (110. 112 114. 1 16) wherein N is an integer greater than zero and further diffracting each of said input light beams (106) into diffracted light beams (110. 112 114. 1 16) across X diffraction orders wherein X is an integer greater than zero, for each of said N wavebands 2 The system of claim 1. further comprising at least X sets of at least N light output means (120. 122) each, each one of said X sets corresponding with one of said X diffraction orders, and for each said diffraction order each one of said N light output means (120. 122) corresponding with one of said N wavebands at said order wherein for each given one of said X diffraction orders, all of the diffracted light beams (110. 112 1 14 1 16) of a gn en one of said N v\avebands. from all of said input light beams ( 106) are focused on the one of said N light output means (120 122) corresponding with said given waveband withm the one of said X sets of output means corresponding v\ tth said given one of said X diffraction orders 3 The system of claim 1 or claim 2. said reconfigurable diffraction grating (108) comprising a first plurality of substantially parallel diffraction beams (256). a second plurality of lower electrode extension beams (362) each associated with, substantialh parallel to. and beneath one of said diffraction beams (256). said second plurality being at most equal to said first pluralm in number, and voltage differential application means (252) for applying selected voltage differentials between each of said lower electrode extension beams (362) and its associated diffraction beam (256) to thereby mo\e at least one diffraction beam (256) from an initial position thereof to a deflected position thereof 4 The system of claim 3. said voltage differential application means enabling the application of a pluralm of voltage differentials to applied to a corresponding pluralm of subsets of said diffraction beams (256) said subsets of said diffraction beams (256) comprising at least one of said diffraction beams (256) 5 The system of claim 1 or claim 2. further comprising a reflective coating on upper surfaces of a pluralm of diffraction beams (256) of said reconfigurable diffraction grating (108) and on at least an upper surface of a base (248) of said reconfigurable diffraction grating (108) 6 The system of claim 1 or claim 2. wherein said reconfigurable diffraction grating (108) is fabricated using microelectromechanical systems technology 7 The system of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein a ratio of spacing between each successive diffraction beam of a pluralm of diffraction beams (256) of said reconfigurable diffraction grating (108)to a width of each saiα diffraction beam (256) is substantially between 1/4 to 1 and 2 to 1 8 The system of claim 1 or claim 2. further comprising optical input means (100) for dehvenng an input source light beam (102) to said system, and means of collimaϋng (104) said input source light beam (102) into said at least one input light beam (106) diffracted by said reconfigurable diffraction grating (108) 9 The system of claim 2, each of said at least N output means (120, 122) of each said set of output means (140) comprising an individual optical fiber
AMENDED SHEET {ARTICLE 19) 10 The system of claim 2, each of said at least X sets of at least N light output means (140) comprising an optical fiber bundle of at least N optical fibers 11 The system of claim 1. further comprising at least X optical detectors (142, 146). each one of said X optical detectors (142, 146) corresponding with and detecting diffracted light (110, 112, 114. 116) from one of said X diffraction orders, wherein for each given one of said X diffraction orders , all of the diffracted light beams (110. 112 114. 116) at said given diffraction order, from all of said input light beams (106). are focused on the optical detector (142) corresponding with said given diffraction order, and for each given one of said X diffraction orders, all of the diffracted light beams (110, 112, 114, 116) of a given one of said N wavebands, from all of said input light beams (106), are focused on one of at least N light output regions (120, 122) of the optical detector (140) corresponding with said given diffraction order 12 The system of claim 2, further comprising at least X optical detectors (140. 146). each one of said X optical detectors (140. 146) corresponding with and detecting diffracted light (110. 112, 114, 116) from one of said X diffraction orders and also corresponding with and receiving diffracted light from the set of at least N light output means (140) corresponding with said one of said X diffraction orders, wherein for each given one of said X diffraction orders, all of the diffracted light beams (110, 112, 114, 1 16) at said given diffraction order, from all of said input light beams (106), are received b\ the optical detector (142) corresponding with said given diffraction order over said set of at least N light output means(120. 122) corresponding with said given diffraction order, and for each given one of said X diffraction orders, all of the diffracted light beams (110, 112, 114, 116) of a given one of said N wavebands, from all of said input light beams (106), are received by one of at least N light output regions (120. 122) of the optical detector (142) detecting said given diffraction order over the one of said N light output means (120 122) corresponding with said given one of said N wavebands at said order 13 The system of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein X is greater than one and said X diffraction orders include at least one diffraction order other than a first diffraction order of said reconfigurable diffraction grating (108) 14 A method of optical wavelength division multiplexing, comprising the steps of diffracting at least one input light beam (106) into diffracted light beams (110, 112, 114, 116) of N wavebands wherein N is an integer greater than zero, using a reconfigurable diffraction grating (108). and further diffracting each of said input light beams (110, 112, 114. 116) into diffracted light beams across X diffraction orders wherein X is an integer greater than zero, for each of said N wavebands, also using said reconfigurable diffraction grating (108) 15 The method of claim 14, comprising the further steps of providing at least X sets of at least N light output means (140) each, each one of said X sets corresponding with one of said X diffraction orders, and for each said diffraction order, each one of said N light output means (140) corresponding with one of said N wavebands at said order, and for each given one of said X diffraction orders, focusing all of the diffracted light beams (110, 112. 114, 116) of a given one of said N wavebands, from all of said input light beams (106). on the one of said N light output means (140) corresponding with said given waveband within the one of said X sets of output means (140) corresponding with said given one of said X diffraction orders 16 The method of claim 14 or claim 15, comprising the further steps ot providing a first plurality' of substantially parallel diffraction beams (256) of said reconfigurable diffraction grating (108). providing a second plurality of lower electrode extension beams (362) of said reconfigurable diffraction grating (108), each associated with, substantially parallel to, and beneath one of said diffraction beams (256), said second plurality being at most equal to said first plurality in number, and moving at least one said diffraction beam (256) from an initial position thereof to a deflected position thereof by applying selected voltage differentials between said diffraction beams (256) and their associated lower electrode extension beams (362) using voltage differential application means (252) 17 The method of claim 16, comprising the further step of applying a plurality of voltage differentials to a corresponding plurality of subsets of said diffraction beams (256), said subsets of said diffraction beams (256) comprising at least one of said diffraction beams (256). using said voltage differential application means (252) 18 The method of claim 14 or claim 15, comprising the further step of providing a reflective coating on upper surfaces of a plurality of diffraction beams (256) of said reconfigurable diffraction grating (256) and on at least an upper surface of a base (248) of said reconfigurable diffraction grating (108) 19 The method of claim 14 or claim 15, comprising the further step of fabricating said reconfigurable diffraction grating using microelectromechanical systems technology 20 The method of claim 14 or claim 15, wherein a ratio of spacing between each successive diffraction beam of a plurality of diffraction beams (256) of said reconfigurable diffraction grating (108) to a width of each said diffraction beam (256) is substantially between 1/4 to 1 and 2 to 1 21 The method of claim 14 or claim 15, further comprising delivering an input source light beam (102) for multiplexing by said method, using optical input means ( 100). and colhmating said input source light beam (102) into said at least one input light beam for diffracting ( 106) by said reconfigurable diffraction grating (108) 22 The method of claim 16, each of said at least N output means (120, 122) of each said each said set of output means (140) comprising an individual optical fiber 23 The method of claim 16, each of said at least X sets of at least N light output means (140) comprising an optical fiber bundle of at least N optical fibers 24 The method of claim 16, comprising the further steps of providing at least X optical detectors (142, 146), each one of said X optical detectors (142, 146) corresponding with and detecting diffracted light (110, 112, 114, 116) from one of said X diffraction orders for each given one of said X diffraction orders, focusing all of the diffracted light beams (110. 112, 114 116) at said given diffraction order, from all of said input light beams (106), on the optical detector (142) corresponding with said given diffraction order, and for each given one of said X diffraction orders, focusing all of the diffracted light beams (110, 112, 114, 116) of a given one of said N wavebands, from all of said input light beams ( 106), on one of at least N light output regions (120, 122) of the optical detector (142) corresponding with said given diffraction order 25 The method of claim 16. comprising the further steps of providing at least X optical detectors (142, 146), each one of said X optical detectors (142, 146) corresponding with and detecting diffracted light (110, 112, 114, 116) from one of said X diffraction orders, and also corresponding with and receiving diffracted light (110. 112, 114, 116) from the set of at least N light output means (140) corresponding with said one of said X diffraction orders for each given one of said X diffraction orders, receiving all of the diffracted light beams (110, 112 114, 116) at said given diffraction order, from all of said input light beams ( 106), with the optical detector ( 142) corresponding with said given diffraction order, over said set of at least N light output means (140) corresponding with said given diffraction order, and for each given one of said X diffraction orders, receiving all of the diffracted light beams (110. 112 114, 116) of a given one of said N wavebands, from all of said input light beams (106), at one of at least N light output regions (120. 122) of the optical detector (142) detecting said given diffraction order, over the one of said N light output means (140) corresponding with said given one of said N wavebands at said order 26 The method of claim 14 or claim 15, wherein X is greater than one and said X diffraction orders include at least one diffraction order other than a first diffraction order of said reconfigurable diffraction grating (108) 27 The system of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein N is greater than one 28 The system of claim 13 wherein N is greater than one 29 The system of claim 1 or claim 2, said at least one input light beam comprising more than one input light beam 30 The system of claim 13 said at least one input light beam compπsing more than one input light beam 31 The system of claim 27, said at least one input light beam comprising more than one input light beam 32 The system of claim 28. said at least one input light beam comprising more than one input light beam 33 The method of claim 14 or claim 15, wherein N is greater than one 34 The method of claim 26, wherein N is greater than one 35 The method of claim 14 or claim 15, said at least one input light beam compπsing more than one input light beam 36 The method of claim 26, said at least one input light beam compπsing more than one input light beam 37 The method of claim 33 said at least one input light beam compπsing more than one input light beam 38 The method of claim 34, said at least one input light beam compπsing more than one input light beam
STATEMENT UNDER ARTICLE 19 (1)
Applicant respectfully disagrees with the "X" indications given in the international search report and believes that all claims as originally-filed, as well as the claims amended or newly-added herein, are both novel and inventive over the prbr art made of record with the search report. All of the amendments made herein are for the purpose of more fully and completely claiming applicant's invention as disclosed at the time of filing. None of the amendments made herein are made for any reason pertaining to patentability. Some new claims are added, either directly (new claims 13 and 26 replace their cancelled predecessors, and claims 27-38 are introduced for the first time), or implicitly through the introduction of multiple dependency (claims 3 , 5-8, 16 and 18-21 each now depend on two claims rather than one). But none of the originally-filed claims or claim elements are narrowed.
Thus, in the event that the U.S. Festo decision is held to apply to amendments made during the international stage for PCT applications later entering the U.S. national stage and then issuing as U.S. Patents, it is applicant's view the U.S. doctrine of equivalents remains available for all elements of all of applicant's claims and that no Festo estoppels apply.
PCT/US2000/042560 1997-05-02 2000-12-05 Wavelength division multiplexing system and method using a reconfigurable diffraction grating WO2001042825A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU45165/01A AU4516501A (en) 1999-12-06 2000-12-05 Wavelength division multiplexing system and method using a reconfigurable diffraction grating
US10/257,198 US7099086B2 (en) 1997-05-02 2000-12-05 Wavelength division multiplexing system and method using reconfigurable diffraction grating

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US09/455,093 1999-12-06
US09/455,093 US6421179B1 (en) 1997-05-02 1999-12-06 Wavelength division multiplexing system and method using a reconfigurable diffraction grating

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WO2001042825B1 true WO2001042825B1 (en) 2001-11-08

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US20040012856A1 (en) 2004-01-22
US7099086B2 (en) 2006-08-29

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