WO2001031577A1 - Data carrier and method for reading out information - Google Patents

Data carrier and method for reading out information Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001031577A1
WO2001031577A1 PCT/CH2000/000577 CH0000577W WO0131577A1 WO 2001031577 A1 WO2001031577 A1 WO 2001031577A1 CH 0000577 W CH0000577 W CH 0000577W WO 0131577 A1 WO0131577 A1 WO 0131577A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
data
data carrier
carrier according
read
area
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CH2000/000577
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Mihai Petrescu
Thomas Waibel
Original Assignee
A-Tronic Mgm Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by A-Tronic Mgm Ag filed Critical A-Tronic Mgm Ag
Priority to AU78973/00A priority Critical patent/AU7897300A/en
Priority to EP00969151A priority patent/EP1163638A1/en
Publication of WO2001031577A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001031577A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
    • G07F7/08—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means
    • G07F7/10—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means together with a coded signal, e.g. in the form of personal identification information, like personal identification number [PIN] or biometric data
    • G07F7/1008—Active credit-cards provided with means to personalise their use, e.g. with PIN-introduction/comparison system
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/0716—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips at least one of the integrated circuit chips comprising a sensor or an interface to a sensor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/073—Special arrangements for circuits, e.g. for protecting identification code in memory
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/073—Special arrangements for circuits, e.g. for protecting identification code in memory
    • G06K19/07309—Means for preventing undesired reading or writing from or onto record carriers
    • G06K19/07345—Means for preventing undesired reading or writing from or onto record carriers by activating or deactivating at least a part of the circuit on the record carrier, e.g. ON/OFF switches
    • G06K19/07354—Means for preventing undesired reading or writing from or onto record carriers by activating or deactivating at least a part of the circuit on the record carrier, e.g. ON/OFF switches by biometrically sensitive means, e.g. fingerprint sensitive
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/08—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code using markings of different kinds or more than one marking of the same kind in the same record carrier, e.g. one marking being sensed by optical and the other by magnetic means
    • G06K19/10—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code using markings of different kinds or more than one marking of the same kind in the same record carrier, e.g. one marking being sensed by optical and the other by magnetic means at least one kind of marking being used for authentication, e.g. of credit or identity cards
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/30—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks
    • G06Q20/34—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using cards, e.g. integrated circuit [IC] cards or magnetic cards
    • G06Q20/341—Active cards, i.e. cards including their own processing means, e.g. including an IC or chip
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/38—Payment protocols; Details thereof
    • G06Q20/40—Authorisation, e.g. identification of payer or payee, verification of customer or shop credentials; Review and approval of payers, e.g. check credit lines or negative lists
    • G06Q20/401—Transaction verification
    • G06Q20/4014—Identity check for transactions
    • G06Q20/40145—Biometric identity checks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/20—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass
    • G07C9/22—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder
    • G07C9/25—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder using biometric data, e.g. fingerprints, iris scans or voice recognition
    • G07C9/257—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder using biometric data, e.g. fingerprints, iris scans or voice recognition electronically

Definitions

  • the invention is in the field of security technology and relates to a data carrier and a method for reading out information stored on a data carrier.
  • the data carrier When in use, the data carrier is plugged into a comparison device, which usually reads the digitized fingerprint optically, digitizes it, and compares it with the fingerprint of the person holding his finger at a specific location on the device.
  • a comparison device which usually reads the digitized fingerprint optically, digitizes it, and compares it with the fingerprint of the person holding his finger at a specific location on the device.
  • the big disadvantage is. that all institutions in which the card is approved must have a comparison print and a corresponding fingerprint comparison device.
  • conventional magnetic stripe or chip cards there is a risk that the information on the card can nevertheless be relatively easily cracked, for example by simply copying the data.
  • the data carrier should preferably, but not necessarily, be readable with conventional reading devices. The object is achieved by the invention as defined in the patent claims.
  • the data carrier according to the invention is based on the idea of designing a data carrier in such a way that the data to be read out can only be made physically readable by activation. Activation takes place when stored biometric data match the biometric data of a user. A biometric sensor is located on the data carrier to determine compliance.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention includes a plastic card, as z. B. is used for credit cards.
  • a biometric sensor for example a fingerprint recognition system (fingerprint sensor) of the type which is known per se and is commercially available, is applied or introduced thereon.
  • the biometric sensor is equipped with a readout area carrying data, for. B. a magnetic strip connected.
  • One or more processor means which are also located on the card and are preferably integrated directly with the sensor in a chip, control the reading and / or writing to the reading area carrying the data.
  • data can be transferred from a processor in the chip to the readout area after activation by the biometric sensor.
  • all data is stored in the chip.
  • data can also be stored in the readout area, for example if the readout area is designed as a magnetic strip.
  • the data is not physically accessible. Only when activated by the biometric sensor does the fault mechanism go out of operation and the data on the magnetic stripe become accessible.
  • the data is stored in the form of different magnetizations of the magnetic strip on commercially available cards with magnetic strips.
  • the sequence of bits can be read in a chronological order.
  • One consideration on which an embodiment of this invention is based is, for example, that this temporal sequence of the bits can alternatively also be generated sequentially by, for example, magnetic coils.
  • a card designed in this way with an active readout area can be constructed as follows: B. is at the position of a card, where there is usually a magnetic stripe, a magnetic coil for each bit track. These magnetic coils are used to output the information which is stored on the magnetic stripe in conventional cards and which is additionally present in the chip here.
  • the chronological sequence of the bits is controlled by a processor on a chip, wherein the chip can also be the evaluation unit of the biometric sensor.
  • the control speed of the magnetic coils generated in this way is not critical since reader devices can process different pulling speeds.
  • the readout area can consist of an arrangement of conductor tracks. These generate magnetic fields by means of a power supply attached to the readout area in such a way that they transmit the data stored in a processor on the card one after the other into the readout area as soon as the activation via biometric sensor, for example a fingerprint sensor, has taken place.
  • This special type of readout area additionally offers the possibility of the strip through external mechanisms, e.g. B. inductive to describe.
  • One way to protect data-carrying, passive readout areas, for example magnetic strips is to provide means for generating interference fields on the magnetic strip in such a way that no magnetic reversal takes place in the magnetic strip. This is done, for example, by attaching specially designed, for example, network-like conductor tracks to the magnetic strip.
  • the conductor tracks are supplied with current or voltage by an electrical supply on the card and are regulated by a control unit on the chip.
  • Such a network-like interference grating forms magnetic interference fields which prevent readout until the biometric sensor is deactivated. This causes the control unit of the interference grid to interrupt the power supply, so that the magnetic interference fields are switched off and the data stored on the magnetic strip can be read out.
  • Both the embodiment with magnetic field-producing conductor tracks and the embodiment with a magnetic strip and with interference fields generating Conductors have the advantage that they can be designed in such a way that the activated data carrier can be read out with conventional readers.
  • the read-out area consists of a material in which a magnetic field is generated when an electric field is applied.
  • a material in which a magnetic field is generated when an electric field is applied can be, in particular, liquid crystals, the liquid crystals to be used being aligned in the external electrical field and additionally having a permanent magnetic moment.
  • the liquid crystals arranged in the readout area can be aligned by electrodes arranged in a matrix in accordance with the data transmitted by a processor located on the card.
  • the advantage of this embodiment is that all data are only written into the readout area when the chip is activated.
  • the information can already be present in the arrangement of the magnetic moments of the liquid crystals.
  • all that then has to be created is a uniform electric field: the liquid crystals align themselves in the electric field in accordance with their electrical polarization, as a result of which their magnetic moment takes on the desired orientation.
  • the data carrier according to the invention can, if necessary, with one on the
  • Card attached electrical supply This can be a battery or an accumulator, for example with flexible thin-film Photovoltaic cells, such as are commercially available, are fed.
  • a unit is also conceivable, which from the outside, for. B. can be charged inductively.
  • the security against unauthorized use of the data carriers according to the invention is guaranteed in each of the exemplary embodiments mentioned and increased compared to conventional data carriers: all the data on the card must either first be transferred to the readout area or the data already on the magnetic strip must be first be made actively readable, e.g. B. Cancellation of an interference field. Both are done by activating a biometric sensor.
  • the sensor for verifying biometric information integrated on the data carrier according to the invention is preferably a sensor for recognizing fingerprints. But it can also be a detection system for z. B. be biometric information about more than one finger, palm prints, voice patterns, retinal structure or pulse noises. Sensors for motor properties of the user, for example the signature, are also interpreted in this text as biometric sensors. So z. B. instead of or in addition to a fingerprint sensor on the data carrier, a signature reading system can be attached. Any combinations of biometric sensors with conventional security devices are also conceivable, for example with a field directly on the card with touch or membrane buttons, via which a PIN must be entered to be released. Furthermore, the data carrier according to the invention closes a wide variety of embodiments such as. B. credit cards, access control systems, personal identification cards etc. with.
  • the data carrier has an integrated signature reading system, it is equipped with an area which is provided with a sensor grid.
  • the signature written in this area is compared with stored data. If there is a match - within a certain tolerance - the data to be read on the data carrier are made accessible in a readout area.
  • the writing can, depending on the type of sensors z. B. done by pressure or with a pen with a magnetic tip.
  • a combination of the signature reading system with a more common biometric sensor, e.g. B. a fingerprint sensor. further increases security.
  • the read-out area is integrated in the chip. All data is stored there and can be read directly from the chip as soon as a biometric sensor on the data carrier is activated.
  • This embodiment of the data carrier according to the invention would enable the older magnetic stripe system to be successively replaced by a pure chip solution with an integrated biometric sensor.
  • chip readers such as are already commercially available, could be used to read out these data carriers. Magnetic stripe readers could be retrofitted.
  • Figure 1 is a plan view of a preferred embodiment of the data carrier according to the invention with an active readout area.
  • Figure 2 is a plan view of a preferred embodiment of the data carrier according to the invention with a network-like interference grating
  • Figure 3 is a plan view of a preferred embodiment of the data carrier according to the invention with a liquid crystal readout area
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the data carrier 1 according to the invention with an active readout area 2.
  • the card contains a chip 3 with an active surface 4 of a biometric sensor, eg B. a Finge ⁇ rintsensor, and a control unit 5, z. B. a processor.
  • the card contains an electrical supply, 6 and 7, which preferably consists of a battery 6 or accumulator, which is charged by a solar cell 7.
  • the biometric sensor 4 is preferably combined with the control unit 5 in a chip 3.
  • the battery 6 is connected to the chip 3 and is responsible for the electronic supply of the chip 3 and readout area 2.
  • the chip 3 is connected to the read-out area 2 and, above all, controls the data of the biometric sensor 4 to be compared, the activation of the data transmission process, and the data transmission itself.
  • the active readout area is constructed as follows: it consists of a number of interconnected, loop-forming conductor tracks 8, which form magnetic coils as soon as current flows. The direction of flow of the current determines the direction of the magnetic field. Current can be sent individually through the conductor tracks 8, so that the individual magnetic coils form a correspondingly directed magnetic moment. By sequentially and individually passing currents through the loops, the data are transmitted successively to the readout area 2.
  • the sequence of transmission to the read-out area 2 corresponds to a “swipe” of a card with a magnetic strip carrying all the data through the reader, but takes place, for example, while the card is essentially stationary.
  • the data carrier 1 described in FIG. 1 is used in a first step by reading out the biometric sensor 4.
  • the chip 3 has switching means: When activated by the biometric sensor, the data carrier assumes a first state in which no current flows through the Wires 8 flow in a second state in which a successive data transmission from chip 3 to readout area 2 takes place. When the data transmission is complete, the power supply from the chip 3 into the readout area 2 is interrupted, so that there is no more data in the readout area 2. The data can thus only be read out if the chip 3, after activation by the biometric sensor 4, outputs targeted current signals into the conductor tracks of the readout area 2 and the data to be read out are thus only written into the readable area 2, here the magnetic coils. It is possible here, for. B. also a controller to limit the activation time.
  • the data can be continuously transmitted to the readout area 2 for a certain time, for example one minute after the activation.
  • the information is also accessible for reading by devices that do not allow a finger to be placed on the biometric sensor during the reading process.
  • the conductor tracks 8 and / or the chip 3 additionally have means (not yet drawn) for short-welding individual conductor loops.
  • Such short welding can ensure, for example, that no magnetic field with a disturbing field strength can build up in the vicinity of a conductor loop.
  • the drawn course and the number of conductor loops are only an example; in reality there will be 5 ladder loops, for example.
  • the inductive transmission of data to the embodiment of the active read-out area 2 described in FIG. 1 takes place, for example, by one of one alternating field generated by an external writing and reading station.
  • the data transmission then takes place in the manner known per se from digital transmission technology.
  • a device can also be present in the control unit by means of which an alternating supply field also captured by the conductor tracks can be recognized, for example, by its frequency and is already passed on the input side of the control unit to a rectification device.
  • This rectification device serves, for its part, to charge a battery 6.
  • FIG. 2 is an example of a preferred embodiment of the data carrier 101 according to the invention with a biometric sensor 104, e.g. B. Finge ⁇ rintsensor, magnetic strip 102 and thin metal network 109 applied thereon to generate an interference field.
  • the card contains, inter alia, a chip 103, an electrical supply 106 and a magnetic strip 102 with network-like conductor tracks 109 applied thereon, which serve as readout protection for the data already present in the magnetic strip 102.
  • the biometric sensor 104 and the entire control unit 105 are preferably integrated in the chip 103.
  • the magnetic strip 102 already contains all of the information to be read out. However, this cannot be read out without activation because the magnetic interference field 109 is superimposed on the information from the magnetic strip 102.
  • This magnetic interference field 109 is generated by the network of metal wires applied over the information-carrying magnetic strip 102. As long as a current flows through the wire mesh 109, according to the Biot-Savart theorem, a magnetic field is formed over the magnetic strip 102 and is superimposed on the magnetic fields generated by the permanent magnetic moments of the magnetic strip 102, which prevents reading.
  • the z. B. directly on the card electrical supply 106, the z. B. can be realized as described in Figure 1, the permanent presence of the magnetic interference field 109 enables. If the biometric sensor 104 is now activated, the current is turned off, the interference field goes out of operation and the magnetic strip 102 can be read.
  • the data carrier is a reliable electrical supply 106 for the network-like interference grating 109. If the data carrier is not activated by the biometric sensor 104, the interference field is maintained above the magnetic strip 102 and the stored data cannot be read.
  • FIG. 3 describes - very schematically - a further embodiment of the data carrier 201 according to the invention.
  • a card contains a chip 203, an electrical supply 206 and an active read-out area 202.
  • the chip 203 including electrical supply 206 is preferably composed as described in FIG. 1, ie it contains a biometric sensor 204 and a control unit.
  • the active readout area 202 replaces the conventional magnetic stripe. It has, for example, liquid crystals 209 which have a permanent magnetic moment 210, e.g. B. by an iron core.
  • the electrical properties of the liquid crystals 209 ensure that the crystals align themselves in the external electrical field 211.
  • an electrical field 211 is applied to the liquid crystals 209 so that they can be aligned and read out in the readout area 202 in accordance with the data transmitted from the chip 203.
  • the power supply is interrupted and there is no longer an electrical field 211.
  • the liquid crystals 209 rearrange themselves and the data present thereon can no longer be read out from the read-out area 202.
  • the liquid crystals 209 are contacted in segments and individually controlled by matrix-like electrodes, so that all of the information is transferred from the chip 203 into the readout area 202.
  • the active readout area 202 consists of liquid crystals 209 with magnetic moments 210 which are individually oriented relative to the direction of the applied or to be applied electric field. The entire information is thus magnetically stored on the readout area 202. If an electric field 211 is applied to the readout area 202 or the liquid crystal strip, direct it Depending on their direction of polarization, the crystals 210 extend in the direction or opposite direction of the applied electric field 211.
  • This variant requires that the arrangement of the liquid crystals 209 is prepared in the manufacture of the data carrier in such a way that they are correctly aligned when the electrical field is applied. The advantage of this variant is the very simple wiring between chip 203 and readout area 202.

Abstract

The invention relates to a data carrier the data of which are protected by a biometric sensor (4) from unauthorized used. Said sensor compares the read-out biometric data with stored biometric data. Only if these data correspond, the stored data to be read out from the data carrier are made physically readable by an activation function, either by transmitting the data to a readable zone (2) on the data carrier or by switching off a disturbance field produced over the zone to be read out once the biometric sensor is activated.

Description

DATENTRÄGER UND VERFAHREN ZUM AUSLESEN VON DATA CARRIER AND METHOD FOR READING
INFORMATIONENINFORMATION
Die Erfindung liegt im Gebiet der Sicherheitstechnik und betrifft einen Datenträger sowie ein Verfahren zum Auslesen von auf einem Datenträger gespeicherten Informationen.The invention is in the field of security technology and relates to a data carrier and a method for reading out information stored on a data carrier.
In der heutigen Zeit besteht Bedarf an grösstmöglicher Sicherheit, vor allem in Bezug auf Informationen und Daten die elektronisch oder magnetisch gespeichert sind. Weit verbreitet sind Datenträger mit einem informationstragenden Chip und/ oder einem Daten tragenden Auslesebereich. Ein solcher Auslesebereich ist z. B. als auslesbarer Magnetstreifen ausgebildet. Ein Magnetstreifen ist aber auf einfache Weise auslesbar und damit nicht ausreichend gegen einen Missbrauch gesichert. Ein Ansatz für eine Sicherung besteht in der Verwendung biometrischer Daten, z. B. des persönlichen Fingerabdrucks: keine zwei Personen weisen einen identischen Fingerabdruck auf. Bestehende diesen Ansatz verwendende Systeme beruhen allesamt darauf, dass der Fingerabdruck der befugten Person auf dem Datenträger, z. B. einer Karte, registriert bzw. eingearbeitet ist. Ein Beispiel für einen solchen Datenträger ist die im Dokument DE 43 42 940 beschriebene Karte. Diese beinhaltet einen eingearbeiteten Fingerabdruck der Person. Der Datenträger wird beim Gebrauch in ein Vergleichsgerät gesteckt, das den Fingerabdruck auf dem Datenträger meist optisch ausliest, digitalisiert, und ihn mit dem Fingerabdruck der Person vergleicht, die ihren Finger an eine dafür bestimmte Stelle auf dem Gerät hält. Der grosse Nachteil dabei ist. dass sämtliche Institutionen, in denen die Karte zugelassen ist, einen Vergleichsabdruck und ein entsprechendes Fingerabdruckvergleichsgerät besitzen müssen. Zudem besteht bei herkömmlichen Magnetstreifen- bzw. Chipkarten die Gefahr, dass die Informationen, die sich auf der Karte befinden, trotzdem relativ leicht zu knacken sind, bspw. durch einfaches Kopieren der Daten.Today there is a need for the greatest possible security, especially with regard to information and data that are stored electronically or magnetically. Data carriers with an information-carrying chip and / or a data-carrying reading area are widespread. Such a readout area is e.g. B. formed as a readable magnetic strip. However, a magnetic stripe can be read out in a simple manner and is therefore not adequately secured against misuse. One approach to backup is to use biometric data, e.g. B. Personal fingerprint: no two people have an identical fingerprint. Existing systems using this approach are all based on the fingerprint of the authorized person on the data carrier, e.g. B. a card is registered or incorporated. An example of such a data carrier is the card described in document DE 43 42 940. This includes an incorporated fingerprint of the person. When in use, the data carrier is plugged into a comparison device, which usually reads the digitized fingerprint optically, digitizes it, and compares it with the fingerprint of the person holding his finger at a specific location on the device. The big disadvantage is. that all institutions in which the card is approved must have a comparison print and a corresponding fingerprint comparison device. In addition, with conventional magnetic stripe or chip cards, there is a risk that the information on the card can nevertheless be relatively easily cracked, for example by simply copying the data.
Es ist deshalb Aufgabe der Erfindung, einen Datenträger mit integrierten Sicherheitsvorkehrungen und ein Verfahren zur Auslesung eines Datenträgers zur Verfügung zu stellen, welche im Vergleich zu bisherigen Datenträgern und Verfahren die Sicherheit verbessert und Nachteile behebt. Vorzugsweise, aber nicht zwingend, soll der Datenträger mit konventionellen Lesegeräten auslesbar sein. Die Aufgabe wird durch die Erfindung gelöst, wie sie in den Patentansprüchen definiert ist.It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a data carrier with integrated security measures and a method for reading a data carrier, which improves security and eliminates disadvantages compared to previous data carriers and methods. The data carrier should preferably, but not necessarily, be readable with conventional reading devices. The object is achieved by the invention as defined in the patent claims.
Der erfindungsgemässe Datenträger basiert auf der Idee, einen Datenträger derart zu gestalten, dass die auszulesenden Daten erst durch eine Aktivierung physikalisch auslesbar gemacht werden. Die Aktivierung erfolgt bei Übereinstimmung gespeicherter biometrischer Daten mit biometrischen Daten eines Benutzers. Zur Feststellung der Übereinstimmung befindet sich auf dem Datenträger ein biometrischer Sensor.The data carrier according to the invention is based on the idea of designing a data carrier in such a way that the data to be read out can only be made physically readable by activation. Activation takes place when stored biometric data match the biometric data of a user. A biometric sensor is located on the data carrier to determine compliance.
Zur Aktivierung schalten durch den Sensor betätigte Schaltmittel von einem ersten Zustand des Datenträgers, in welchem im Wesentlichen keine Daten physikalisch auslesbar sind, in einen zweiten Zustand, in welchem auszulesende Daten in einem Auslesebereich zugänglich sind. Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung beinhaltet eine Kunststoffkarte, wie sie z. B. für Kreditkarten verwendet wird. Darauf auf- oder eingebracht ist ein biometrischer Sensor, beispielsweise ein Fingerabdruckerkennsystem (Fingerprintsensor) der an sich bekannten und kommerziell erhältlichen Art. Der biometrische Sensor ist mit einem Daten tragenden Auslesebereich , z. B. einem Magnetstreifen, verbunden. Ein oder mehrere, sich ebenfalls auf der Karte befindlichen Prozessormittel, die vorzugsweise direkt mit dem Sensor in einem Chip integriert sind, steuern das Auslesen und/ oder Beschreiben der/des Daten tragenden Auslesebereichs. Es kann gemäss einer Ausführungsform vorgesehen sein, dass Daten von einem Prozessor im Chip nach erfolgter Aktivierung durch den biometrischem Sensor auf den Auslesebereich übertragen werden. In diesem Fall sind sämtliche Daten im Chip gespeichert. Gemäss einer anderen Ausführungsform können auch Daten im Auslesebereich gespeichert sein, bspw. wenn der Auslesebereich als Magnetstreifen ausgebildet ist. Aufgrund eines vorgesehenen Störmechanismus sind die Daten aber physikalisch nicht zugänglich. Erst durch die Aktivierung durch den biometrischen Sensor geht der Störmechanismus ausser Betrieb und die Daten auf dem Magnetstreifen werden zugänglich.For activation, switching means actuated by the sensor switch from a first state of the data carrier, in which essentially no data can be physically read out, to a second state, in which data to be read out are accessible in a readout area. A preferred embodiment of the invention includes a plastic card, as z. B. is used for credit cards. A biometric sensor, for example a fingerprint recognition system (fingerprint sensor) of the type which is known per se and is commercially available, is applied or introduced thereon. The biometric sensor is equipped with a readout area carrying data, for. B. a magnetic strip connected. One or more processor means, which are also located on the card and are preferably integrated directly with the sensor in a chip, control the reading and / or writing to the reading area carrying the data. According to one embodiment, data can be transferred from a processor in the chip to the readout area after activation by the biometric sensor. In this case, all data is stored in the chip. According to another embodiment, data can also be stored in the readout area, for example if the readout area is designed as a magnetic strip. However, due to a proposed disruption mechanism, the data is not physically accessible. Only when activated by the biometric sensor does the fault mechanism go out of operation and the data on the magnetic stripe become accessible.
Auf handelsüblichen Karten mit Magnetstreifen sind die Daten in Form von unterschiedlichen Magnetisierungen des Magnetstreifens gespeichert. Durch die Bewegung der Karte im Leser, wenn sie durch den Leseschlitz gezogen wird, kann die Abfolge der Bits in einer zeitlichen Reihenfolge gelesen werden. Eine einer Aus führungs form dieser Erfindung zugrunde liegende Überlegung ist bspw. die, dass diese zeitliche Abfolge der Bits alternativ dazu auch sequenziell durch bspw. Magnetspulen erzeugt werden kann. Eine dergestalt ausgebildete Karte mit einem aktiven Auslesebereich kann folgendermassen aufgebaut sein: z. B. befindet sich an der Position einer Karte, an der üblicherweise ein Magnetstreifen vorhanden ist, für jede Bitspur eine Magnetspule. Über diese Magnetspulen sollen diejenigen Informationen ausgegeben werden, welche in bei konventionellen Karten auf dem Magnetstreifen gespeichert sind und welche hier zusätzlich im Chip vorhanden sind. Die zeitliche Abfolge der Bits wird in diesem Fall durch einen Prozessor auf einem, Chip gesteuert, wobei der Chip gleichzeitig auch die Auswerteeinheit des biometrischen Sensors sein kann. Die Steuergeschwindigkeit der so erzeugten Magnetspulen ist unkritisch, da Lesergeräte unterschiedliche Durchzugsgeschwindigkeit verarbeiten können. Konkret kann der Auslesebereich aus einer Anordnung von Leiterbahnen bestehen. Diese erzeugen durch eine am Auslesebereich angebrachte Stromzufuhr Magnetfelder derart, dass sie die Daten, die in einem auf der Karte befindlichen Prozessor gespeichert sind, zeitlich aufeinanderfolgend in den Auslesebereich übertragen, sobald die Aktivierung via biometrischem Sensor, bspw. Fingeφrintsensor, erfolgt ist. Diese besondere Art eines Auslesebereich bietet zusätzlich die Möglichkeit den Streifen durch externe Mechanismen, z. B. induktiv, zu beschreiben.The data is stored in the form of different magnetizations of the magnetic strip on commercially available cards with magnetic strips. By moving the card in the reader when it is pulled through the reading slot, the sequence of bits can be read in a chronological order. One consideration on which an embodiment of this invention is based is, for example, that this temporal sequence of the bits can alternatively also be generated sequentially by, for example, magnetic coils. A card designed in this way with an active readout area can be constructed as follows: B. is at the position of a card, where there is usually a magnetic stripe, a magnetic coil for each bit track. These magnetic coils are used to output the information which is stored on the magnetic stripe in conventional cards and which is additionally present in the chip here. In this case, the chronological sequence of the bits is controlled by a processor on a chip, wherein the chip can also be the evaluation unit of the biometric sensor. The control speed of the magnetic coils generated in this way is not critical since reader devices can process different pulling speeds. Specifically, the readout area can consist of an arrangement of conductor tracks. These generate magnetic fields by means of a power supply attached to the readout area in such a way that they transmit the data stored in a processor on the card one after the other into the readout area as soon as the activation via biometric sensor, for example a fingerprint sensor, has taken place. This special type of readout area additionally offers the possibility of the strip through external mechanisms, e.g. B. inductive to describe.
Eine Möglichkeit, Daten tragende, passive Auslesebereiche, bspw. Magnetstreifen zu schützen, ist das Vorsehen von Mitteln zur Erzeugung von Störfeldem am Magnetstreifen, derart, dass keine Ummagnetisierung im Magnetstreifen stattfindet. Dies geschieht bspw. durch das Anbringen von speziell gestalteten, bspw. netzartigen Leiterbahnen auf dem Magnetstreifen. Die Leiterbahnen werden von einer auf der Karte befindlichen elektrischen Versorgung mit Strom oder Spannung versorgt und von einer Kontrolleinheit auf dem Chip geregelt. Ein solches netzartiges Störgitter bildet solange das Auslesen verhindernde magnetische Störfelder, bis eine Deaktivierung vom biometrischen Sensor erfolgt. Diese veranlasst die Kontrolleinheit des Störgitters die Stromzufuhr zu unterbrechen, so dass die magnetischen Störfelder abgeschaltet werden und die auf dem Magnetstreifen gespeicherten Daten ausgelesen werden können.One way to protect data-carrying, passive readout areas, for example magnetic strips, is to provide means for generating interference fields on the magnetic strip in such a way that no magnetic reversal takes place in the magnetic strip. This is done, for example, by attaching specially designed, for example, network-like conductor tracks to the magnetic strip. The conductor tracks are supplied with current or voltage by an electrical supply on the card and are regulated by a control unit on the chip. Such a network-like interference grating forms magnetic interference fields which prevent readout until the biometric sensor is deactivated. This causes the control unit of the interference grid to interrupt the power supply, so that the magnetic interference fields are switched off and the data stored on the magnetic strip can be read out.
Sowohl die Ausführungsform mit magnetfelderzeugenden Leiterbahnen als auch die Ausführungsform mit einem Magnetstreifen und mit Störfelder erzeugenden Leiterbahnen haben den Vorteil, das sie so ausgebildet sein können, dass der aktivierte Datenträger mit konventionellen Lesegeräten ausgelesen werden kann.Both the embodiment with magnetic field-producing conductor tracks and the embodiment with a magnetic strip and with interference fields generating Conductors have the advantage that they can be designed in such a way that the activated data carrier can be read out with conventional readers.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform besteht der Auslesebereich aus einem Material, bei welchem ein magnetisches Feld bei Anlegen eines elektrischen Feldes erzeugt wird. Dies können insbesondere Flüssigkristalle sein, wobei die zu verwendenden Flüssigkristalle sich im äusseren elektrischen Feld ausrichten und zusätzlich ein permanentes magnetisches Moment aufweisen. Die im Auslesebereich angeordneten Flüssigkristalle können durch matrixartig angeordnete Elektroden entsprechend den Daten, die von einem sich auf der Karte befindlichen Prozessor übermittelt werden, ausgerichtet werden. Der Vorteil dieser Ausführungsform ist, dass sämtliche Daten erst bei einer Aktivierung des Chip in den Auslesebereich geschrieben werden. Als Variante kann auch die Information bereits in der Anordnung der magnetischen Momente der Flüssigkristalle vorhanden sein. Um das Auslesen der Daten zu ermöglichen, muss dann lediglich ein uniformes elektrisches Feld angelegt werden: die Flüssigkristalle richten sich entsprechend ihrer elektrischen Polarisation im elektrischen Feld aus, wodurch ihre magnetischen Moment die gewünschte Orientierung einnehmen.In a further embodiment, the read-out area consists of a material in which a magnetic field is generated when an electric field is applied. These can be, in particular, liquid crystals, the liquid crystals to be used being aligned in the external electrical field and additionally having a permanent magnetic moment. The liquid crystals arranged in the readout area can be aligned by electrodes arranged in a matrix in accordance with the data transmitted by a processor located on the card. The advantage of this embodiment is that all data are only written into the readout area when the chip is activated. As a variant, the information can already be present in the arrangement of the magnetic moments of the liquid crystals. To enable the data to be read out, all that then has to be created is a uniform electric field: the liquid crystals align themselves in the electric field in accordance with their electrical polarization, as a result of which their magnetic moment takes on the desired orientation.
Diese auf Flüssigkristallen beruhenden Ausführungsformen haben den Vorteil, dass relativ wenig elektrische Energie zum Lesbar- bzw. Unlesbarmachen der Daten benötigt wird. Ein Lesegerät für diese Ausführungsformen, welche im Vergleich zu Magnetstreifen eine schwächere Magnetisierung mit sich bringt, könnte bspw. mit moderner Festplatten-Lesetechnologie ohne Weiteres hergestellt werden.These embodiments based on liquid crystals have the advantage that relatively little electrical energy is required to make the data readable or unreadable. A reading device for these embodiments, which entails weaker magnetization compared to magnetic strips, could easily be produced, for example, with modern hard disk reading technology.
Weiter kann der erfindungsgemässe Datenträger, falls erforderlich, mit einer auf derFurthermore, the data carrier according to the invention can, if necessary, with one on the
Karte angebrachten elektrischen Versorgung ausgestattet werden. Dies kann eine Batterie bzw. ein Akkumulator sein, welche bspw. mit flexiblen Dünnschicht- Photovoltaikzellen, wie sie bspw. handelsüblich angeboten werden, gespeist werden. Bei einer Ausführungsform mit magnetfelderzeugenden Leiterspulen ist auch eine Einheit denkbar, die von aussen, z. B. induktiv, aufgeladen werden kann. Die Sicherheit gegenüber unbefugtem Gebrauch der erfindungsgemässen Datenträgern, ist in jedem der beispielhaft genannten Ausführungsformen gewährleistet und gegenüber herkömmlichen Datenträgern erhöht: Sämtliche sich auf der Karte befindlichen Daten müssen entweder zuerst in den Auslesebereich übertragen werden, oder die sich bereits auf dem Magnetstreifen befindlichen Daten müssen zuerst aktiv auslesbar gemacht werden, durch z. B. Aufheben eines Störfeldes. Beides geschieht durch die Aktivierung eines biometrischen Sensors.Card attached electrical supply. This can be a battery or an accumulator, for example with flexible thin-film Photovoltaic cells, such as are commercially available, are fed. In an embodiment with magnetic field-generating conductor coils, a unit is also conceivable, which from the outside, for. B. can be charged inductively. The security against unauthorized use of the data carriers according to the invention is guaranteed in each of the exemplary embodiments mentioned and increased compared to conventional data carriers: all the data on the card must either first be transferred to the readout area or the data already on the magnetic strip must be first be made actively readable, e.g. B. Cancellation of an interference field. Both are done by activating a biometric sensor.
Der auf dem erfindungsgemässen Datenträger integrierte Sensor zur Verifizierung von biometrischer Information ist vorzugsweise ein Sensor zur Erkennung von Fingerabdrücken. Er kann aber auch ein Erkennungssystem für z. B. biometrische Informationen über mehr als einen Finger, Handflächenabdrücke, Stimmenmuster, Netzhautstruktur oder Pulsgeräusche sein. Auch Sensoren für motorische Eigenschaften des Benutzers beispielsweise der Unterschrift werden in diesem Text als biometrische Sensoren aufgefasst. So kann z. B. an Stelle eines oder zusätzlich zu einem Fingeφrintsensor auf dem Datenträger auch ein Unterschriften-Lesesystem angebracht sein. Es sind auch beliebige Kombinationen von biometrischen Sensoren mit konventionellen Sicherheitseinrichtungen denkbar, bspw. mit einem direkt auf der Karte angebrachten Feld mit Berührungs- oder Folientastern, über welches zur Freigabe ein PIN eingegeben werden muss. Des Weiteren schliesst der erfindungsgemässe Datenträger verschiedenste Ausführungsformen wie z. B. Kreditkarten, Zutrittskontrollsysteme, persönliche Identifikationskarten etc. mit ein.The sensor for verifying biometric information integrated on the data carrier according to the invention is preferably a sensor for recognizing fingerprints. But it can also be a detection system for z. B. be biometric information about more than one finger, palm prints, voice patterns, retinal structure or pulse noises. Sensors for motor properties of the user, for example the signature, are also interpreted in this text as biometric sensors. So z. B. instead of or in addition to a fingerprint sensor on the data carrier, a signature reading system can be attached. Any combinations of biometric sensors with conventional security devices are also conceivable, for example with a field directly on the card with touch or membrane buttons, via which a PIN must be entered to be released. Furthermore, the data carrier according to the invention closes a wide variety of embodiments such as. B. credit cards, access control systems, personal identification cards etc. with.
Weist der Datenträger ein integriertes Unterschriften-Lesesystem auf, wird er mit einem Bereich ausgestattet, welcher mit einem Sensorenraster versehen ist. Die in diesen Bereich geschriebene Unterschrift wird mit gespeicherten Daten verglichen. Bei einer Übereinstimmung - innerhalb einer gewissen Toleranz - werden die auf dem Datenträger befindlichen auszulesenden Daten in einem Auslesebereich zugänglich gemacht. Das Beschreiben kann je nach Art der Sensoren z. B. durch Druck oder mit einem Stift mit magnetischer Spitze erfolgen. Eine Kombination des Unterschriften-Lesesystem mit einem gebräuchlicheren biometrischen Sensor, z. B. einem Fingeφrintsensor. erhöht die Sicherheit noch zusätzlich.If the data carrier has an integrated signature reading system, it is equipped with an area which is provided with a sensor grid. The signature written in this area is compared with stored data. If there is a match - within a certain tolerance - the data to be read on the data carrier are made accessible in a readout area. The writing can, depending on the type of sensors z. B. done by pressure or with a pen with a magnetic tip. A combination of the signature reading system with a more common biometric sensor, e.g. B. a fingerprint sensor. further increases security.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemässen Datenträgers, ist der Auslesebereich im Chip integriert. Sämtliche Daten sind dort gespeichert und können direkt vom Chip ausgelesen werden, sobald die Aktivierung eines auf dem Datenträger befindlichen biometrischen Sensors erfolgt. Diese Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemässen Datenträgers würde eine sukzessive Ablösung des älteren Magnetstreifen-Systems durch eine reine Chip-Lösung mit integriertem biometrischem Sensor ermöglichen. Zum Auslesen dieser Datenträger, könnten bspw. Chip-Auslesegeräte, wie sie bereits handelsüblich sind, verwendet werden. Magnetstreifen-Auslesegeräte könnten dabei nachgerüstet werden.In a further embodiment of the data carrier according to the invention, the read-out area is integrated in the chip. All data is stored there and can be read directly from the chip as soon as a biometric sensor on the data carrier is activated. This embodiment of the data carrier according to the invention would enable the older magnetic stripe system to be successively replaced by a pure chip solution with an integrated biometric sensor. For example, chip readers, such as are already commercially available, could be used to read out these data carriers. Magnetic stripe readers could be retrofitted.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen detailliert beschrieben. Dabei zeigen:The invention is described in detail below using exemplary embodiments. Show:
Figur 1 eine Aufsicht auf eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemässen Datenträgers mit aktivem Auslesebereich.Figure 1 is a plan view of a preferred embodiment of the data carrier according to the invention with an active readout area.
Figur 2 eine Aufsicht auf eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemässen Datenträgers mit netzartigem Störgitter Figur 3 eine Aufsicht auf eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemässen Datenträgers mit einem Flüssigkristall-AuslesebereichFigure 2 is a plan view of a preferred embodiment of the data carrier according to the invention with a network-like interference grating Figure 3 is a plan view of a preferred embodiment of the data carrier according to the invention with a liquid crystal readout area
Figur 1 zeigt eine Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemässen Datenträgers 1 mit einem aktiven Auslesebereich 2. Die Karte beinhaltet einen Chip 3 mit einer aktiven Fläche 4 eines biometrischen Sensors, z. B. einem Fingeφrintsensor, und einer Steuer- bzw. Kontrolleinheit 5, z. B. einem Prozessor. Weiter beinhaltet die Karte eine elektrische Versorgung, 6 und 7, die vorzugsweise aus einer Batterie 6 bzw. Akkumulator besteht, die durch eine Solarzelle 7 geladen wird.FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the data carrier 1 according to the invention with an active readout area 2. The card contains a chip 3 with an active surface 4 of a biometric sensor, eg B. a Fingeφrintsensor, and a control unit 5, z. B. a processor. Furthermore, the card contains an electrical supply, 6 and 7, which preferably consists of a battery 6 or accumulator, which is charged by a solar cell 7.
Der biometrische Sensor 4 ist vorzugsweise mit der Steuereinheit 5 kombiniert in einem Chip 3 untergebracht. Die Batterie 6 ist mit dem Chip 3 verbunden und für die elektronische Versorgung des Chips 3 und Auslesebereich 2 zuständig. Der Chip 3 ist mit dem Auslesebereich 2 verbunden und steuert vor allem die zu vergleichenden Daten des biometrischen Sensors 4, die Aktivierung des Datenübertragungsprozesses, sowie die Datenübertragung selber.The biometric sensor 4 is preferably combined with the control unit 5 in a chip 3. The battery 6 is connected to the chip 3 and is responsible for the electronic supply of the chip 3 and readout area 2. The chip 3 is connected to the read-out area 2 and, above all, controls the data of the biometric sensor 4 to be compared, the activation of the data transmission process, and the data transmission itself.
Der aktive Auslesebereich ist folgendermassen aufgebaut: er besteht aus einer Anzahl aneinandergereihter, Schlaufen bildender Leiterbahnen 8, welche Magnetspulen bilden, sobald Strom fliesst. Die Durchflussrichtung des Stromes bestimmt die Richtung des magnetischen Feldes. Durch die Leiterbahnen 8 kann individuell Strom durchgeschickt werden, so dass die einzelnen Magnetspulen ein entsprechend gerichtetes magnetisches Moment bilden. Indem sequentiell nacheinander und individuell Ströme durch die Schlaufen geleitet werden, werden die Daten zeitlich aufeinanderfolgend auf den Auslesebereich 2 übertragen. Die Abfolge des Übertragens auf den Auslesebereichs 2 entspricht einem .Durchziehen' einer Karte mit einem, alle Daten tragenden, Magnetstreifen durch den Leser, erfolgt aber bspw. während die Karte im Wesentlichen stillsteht. Eine Benutzung des in Figur 1 beschriebenen Datenträgers 1 erfolgt in einem ersten Schritt durch das Auslesen des biometrischen Sensors 4. Der Chip 3 weist Schaltmittel auf: Bei Aktivierung durch den, biometrischen Sensor geht der Datenträger von einem ersten Zustand, in welchem kein Strom durch die Drähte 8 fliesse, in einem zweiten Zustand, in welchem eine sukzessive Datenübertragung vom Chip 3 in den Auslesebereich 2 stattfindet. Ist die Datenübertragung abgeschlossen, wird die Stromzufuhr vom Chip 3 in den Auslesebereich 2 unterbrochen, so dass sich keine Daten mehr im Auslesebereich 2 befinden. Die Daten sind somit nur auslesbar, wenn der Chip 3 nach erfolgter Aktivierung durch den biometrischen Sensors 4 gezielte Stromsignale in die Leiterbahnen des Auslesebereichs 2 ausgibt und die auszulesenden Daten somit erst dann in den auslesbaren Bereich 2, hier die Magnetspulen geschrieben werden. Möglich ist hier z. B. auch eine Steuerung um die Aktivierung zeitlich zu begrenzen. So kann während einer gewissen Zeit, bspw. während einer Minute, nach der Aktivierung eine ständig wiederholte Übertragung der Daten auf den Auslesebereich 2 stattfinden. Auf diese Weise sind die Informationen auch für das Auslesen durch Geräte zugänglich, die nicht erlauben, dass während des Auslesevorgangs ein Finger auf dem biometrischen Sensor platziert wird.The active readout area is constructed as follows: it consists of a number of interconnected, loop-forming conductor tracks 8, which form magnetic coils as soon as current flows. The direction of flow of the current determines the direction of the magnetic field. Current can be sent individually through the conductor tracks 8, so that the individual magnetic coils form a correspondingly directed magnetic moment. By sequentially and individually passing currents through the loops, the data are transmitted successively to the readout area 2. The sequence of transmission to the read-out area 2 corresponds to a “swipe” of a card with a magnetic strip carrying all the data through the reader, but takes place, for example, while the card is essentially stationary. The data carrier 1 described in FIG. 1 is used in a first step by reading out the biometric sensor 4. The chip 3 has switching means: When activated by the biometric sensor, the data carrier assumes a first state in which no current flows through the Wires 8 flow in a second state in which a successive data transmission from chip 3 to readout area 2 takes place. When the data transmission is complete, the power supply from the chip 3 into the readout area 2 is interrupted, so that there is no more data in the readout area 2. The data can thus only be read out if the chip 3, after activation by the biometric sensor 4, outputs targeted current signals into the conductor tracks of the readout area 2 and the data to be read out are thus only written into the readable area 2, here the magnetic coils. It is possible here, for. B. also a controller to limit the activation time. In this way, the data can be continuously transmitted to the readout area 2 for a certain time, for example one minute after the activation. In this way, the information is also accessible for reading by devices that do not allow a finger to be placed on the biometric sensor during the reading process.
Je nach dem weisen die Leiterbahnen 8 und/oder der Chip 3 zusätzlich noch nicht gezeichnete Mittel zum Kurzschhessen einzelner Leiterschlaufen auf. Durch ein solches Kurzschhessen kann bspw. gewährleistet werden, dass sich in der Nachbarschaft einer Leiterschlaufe kein Magnetfeld mit störender Feldstärke aufbauen kann. An dieser Stelle sei auch noch erwähnt, dass der gezeichnete Verlauf und die Anzahl der Leiterschlaufen nur ein Beispiel darstellt; in der Realität werden bspw. 5 Leiterschlaufen vorhanden sein.Depending on that, the conductor tracks 8 and / or the chip 3 additionally have means (not yet drawn) for short-welding individual conductor loops. Such short welding can ensure, for example, that no magnetic field with a disturbing field strength can build up in the vicinity of a conductor loop. At this point it should also be mentioned that the drawn course and the number of conductor loops are only an example; in reality there will be 5 ladder loops, for example.
Die induktive Übertragung von Daten auf die in Figur 1 beschriebene Ausführungsform des aktiven Auslesebereichs 2 erfolgt bspw. durch ein von einer externen Schreib- und Lesestation erzeugtes Wechselfeld. Die Datenübertragung erfolgt dann in der aus der digitalen Übertragungstechnik an sich bekannten Art. Gemäss einer speziellen und nicht gezeichneten Ausführungsform kann in der Steuereinheit noch eine Einrichtung vorhanden sein, durch welche ein ebenfalls durch die Leiterbahnen eingefangenes Speisungs-Wechselfeld bspw. an seiner Frequenz erkannt wird und schon eingangsseitig der Steuereinheit auf eine Gleichrichtungsvorrichtung geleitet wird. Diese Gleichrichtungsvorrichtung dient bspw. ihrerseits zum Aufladen einer Batterie 6.The inductive transmission of data to the embodiment of the active read-out area 2 described in FIG. 1 takes place, for example, by one of one alternating field generated by an external writing and reading station. The data transmission then takes place in the manner known per se from digital transmission technology. According to a special and not shown embodiment, a device can also be present in the control unit by means of which an alternating supply field also captured by the conductor tracks can be recognized, for example, by its frequency and is already passed on the input side of the control unit to a rectification device. This rectification device serves, for its part, to charge a battery 6.
Figur 2 ist ein Beispiel für eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemässen Datenträgers 101 mit biometrischem Sensor 104, z. B. Fingeφrintsensor, Magnetstreifen 102 und darauf aufgebrachtem dünnen Metallnetzes 109 zur Erzeugung eines Störfeldes. Die Karte beinhaltet u. a. einen Chip 103, eine elektrische Versorgung 106 und einen Magnetstreifen 102 mit darauf aufgebrachten netzartigen Leiterbahnen 109, die als Ausleseschutz der bereits im Magnetstreifen 102 vorhandenen Daten dienen. Vorzugsweise sind im Chip 103 der biometrische Sensor 104 und die gesamte Steuereinheit 105 integriert. Der Magnetstreifen 102 enthält bereits die gesamte auszulesende Information. Diese kann aber ohne Aktivierung nicht ausgelesen werden, weil das magnetische Störfeld 109 die Informationen des Magnetstreifens 102 überlagert. Dieses magnetische Störfeld 109 wird durch das über dem informationstragenden Magnetstreifen 102 aufgebrachte Netz von Metalldrähten erzeugt. Solange ein Strom durch das Drahtnetz 109 fliesst, bildet sich nach dem Satz von Biot-Savart ein Magnetfeld über dem Magnetstreifen 102 aus und überlagert die durch die permanenten magnetischen Momente des Magnetstreifens 102 erzeugten Magnetfelder, was das Auslesen verhindert. Die z. B. direkt auf der Karte befindliche elektrische Versorgung 106, die z. B. wie in Figur 1 beschrieben realisiert werden kann, ermöglicht das permanente Vorhandensein des magnetischen Störfeldes 109. Wird nun der biometrische Sensor 104 aktiviert, wird der Strom abgestellt, das Störfeld geht ausser Betrieb und der Magnetstreifen 102 kann ausgelesen werden. Wichtig in dieser Ausführungsform des Datenträgers ist eine zuverlässige elektrische Versorgung 106 des netzartigen Störgitters 109. Erfolgt keine Aktivierung des Datenträgers durch den biometrischen Sensors 104, wird das Störfeld über dem Magnetstreifen 102 aufrecht erhalten und die gespeicherten Daten sind nicht lesbar.FIG. 2 is an example of a preferred embodiment of the data carrier 101 according to the invention with a biometric sensor 104, e.g. B. Fingeφrintsensor, magnetic strip 102 and thin metal network 109 applied thereon to generate an interference field. The card contains, inter alia, a chip 103, an electrical supply 106 and a magnetic strip 102 with network-like conductor tracks 109 applied thereon, which serve as readout protection for the data already present in the magnetic strip 102. The biometric sensor 104 and the entire control unit 105 are preferably integrated in the chip 103. The magnetic strip 102 already contains all of the information to be read out. However, this cannot be read out without activation because the magnetic interference field 109 is superimposed on the information from the magnetic strip 102. This magnetic interference field 109 is generated by the network of metal wires applied over the information-carrying magnetic strip 102. As long as a current flows through the wire mesh 109, according to the Biot-Savart theorem, a magnetic field is formed over the magnetic strip 102 and is superimposed on the magnetic fields generated by the permanent magnetic moments of the magnetic strip 102, which prevents reading. The z. B. directly on the card electrical supply 106, the z. B. can be realized as described in Figure 1, the permanent presence of the magnetic interference field 109 enables. If the biometric sensor 104 is now activated, the current is turned off, the interference field goes out of operation and the magnetic strip 102 can be read. Important in this embodiment of the The data carrier is a reliable electrical supply 106 for the network-like interference grating 109. If the data carrier is not activated by the biometric sensor 104, the interference field is maintained above the magnetic strip 102 and the stored data cannot be read.
Figur 3 beschreibt - sehr schematisch - eine weitere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemässen Datenträgers 201. Der Datenträger 201, z. B. eine Karte, beinhaltet einen Chip 203, eine elektrische Versorgung 206 und einen aktiven Auslesebereich 202. Der Chip 203 inkl. elektrische Versorgung 206 ist vorzugsweise wie in Figur 1 beschrieben zusammengesetzt, d. h. er beinhaltet einen biometrischen Sensor 204 und eine Steuereinheit. Der aktive Auslesebereich 202 ersetzt den herkömmlichen Magnetstreifen. Er weist bspw. Flüssigkristalle auf 209, die ein permanentes magnetisches Moment 210, aufweisen z. B. durch einen Eisenkern. Die elektrischen Eigenschaften der Flüssigkristalle 209 (elektrisches Dipolmoment) sorgen dafür, dass sich die Kristalle im äusseren elektrischen Feld 211 ausrichten. Durch die Aktivierung des biometrischen Sensors 203 wird ein elektrisches Feld 211 an die Flüssigkristalle 209 angelegt, so dass sie sich gemäss den aus dem Chip 203 übertragenen Daten im Auslesebereich 202 ausrichten und ausgelesen werden können. Nach erfolgter Datenübertragung bzw. nach einer bestimmten Verzögerungszeit wird die Stromzufuhr unterbrochen und es liegt kein elektrisches Feld 211 mehr an. Die Flüssigkristalle 209 ordnen sich wieder um und die darauf vorhandenen Daten sind nicht mehr aus dem Auslesebereich 202 auslesbar . In einer bevorzugten Variante werden die Flüssigkristalle 209 durch matrixartige Elektroden segmentweise kontaktiert und individuell angesteuert, so dass die gesamte Information vom Chip 203 in den Auslesebereich 202 übertragen wird. . In einer anderen Variante besteht der aktive Auslesebereich 202 aus Flüssigkristallen 209 mit relativ zur Richtung des angelegten oder anzulegenden elektrischen Feldes individuell ausgerichteten magnetischen Momenten 210. Auf dem Auslesebereich 202 ist also die gesamte Information magnetisch gespeichert. Wird ein elektrisches Feld 211 an den Auslesebereich 202 bzw. den Flüssigkristallstreifen angelegt, richten sich die Kristalle 210 je nach ihrer Polarisationsrichtung in Richtung oder Gegenrichtung des angelegten elektrischen Feldes 211 aus. Diese Variante bedingt, dass die Anordnung der Flüssigkristalle 209 bei der Herstellung des Datenträgers so präpariert wird, dass diese beim Anlegen des elektrischen Feldes richtig ausgerichtet sind. Der Vorteil dieser Variante ist die sehr einfache Verdrahtung zwischen Chip 203 und Auslesebereich 202. FIG. 3 describes - very schematically - a further embodiment of the data carrier 201 according to the invention. B. a card contains a chip 203, an electrical supply 206 and an active read-out area 202. The chip 203 including electrical supply 206 is preferably composed as described in FIG. 1, ie it contains a biometric sensor 204 and a control unit. The active readout area 202 replaces the conventional magnetic stripe. It has, for example, liquid crystals 209 which have a permanent magnetic moment 210, e.g. B. by an iron core. The electrical properties of the liquid crystals 209 (electrical dipole moment) ensure that the crystals align themselves in the external electrical field 211. By activating the biometric sensor 203, an electrical field 211 is applied to the liquid crystals 209 so that they can be aligned and read out in the readout area 202 in accordance with the data transmitted from the chip 203. After data transmission has taken place or after a certain delay time, the power supply is interrupted and there is no longer an electrical field 211. The liquid crystals 209 rearrange themselves and the data present thereon can no longer be read out from the read-out area 202. In a preferred variant, the liquid crystals 209 are contacted in segments and individually controlled by matrix-like electrodes, so that all of the information is transferred from the chip 203 into the readout area 202. , In another variant, the active readout area 202 consists of liquid crystals 209 with magnetic moments 210 which are individually oriented relative to the direction of the applied or to be applied electric field. The entire information is thus magnetically stored on the readout area 202. If an electric field 211 is applied to the readout area 202 or the liquid crystal strip, direct it Depending on their direction of polarization, the crystals 210 extend in the direction or opposite direction of the applied electric field 211. This variant requires that the arrangement of the liquid crystals 209 is prepared in the manufacture of the data carrier in such a way that they are correctly aligned when the electrical field is applied. The advantage of this variant is the very simple wiring between chip 203 and readout area 202.

Claims

PATENT ANSPRUCHEPATENT CLAIMS
Datenträger mit einem Auslesebereich (2, 102, 202), gekennzeichnet durch einen biometrischen Sensor (4, 104, 204) und Schaltmittel zum Schalten zwischen einem ersten Zustand, in welchem im Wesentlichen keine Daten im Auslesebereich (2, 102, 202) physikalisch auslesbar sind und einem zweiten Zustand, in welchem Daten aus dem Auslesebereich (2, 102, 202) auslesbar sind, wobei die Schaltmittel durch den biometrischen Sensor (4, 104, 204) schaltbar sind.Data carrier with a readout area (2, 102, 202), characterized by a biometric sensor (4, 104, 204) and switching means for switching between a first state in which essentially no data in the readout area (2, 102, 202) can be physically read out and a second state in which data can be read out from the readout area (2, 102, 202), the switching means being switchable by the biometric sensor (4, 104, 204).
2. Datenträger nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der biometrische Sensor (4, 104, 204) ein Fingerabdruckerkennsystem aufweist.2. Data carrier according to claim 1, characterized in that the biometric sensor (4, 104, 204) has a fingerprint recognition system.
Datenträger nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der biometrische Sensor ein Unterschriften-Lesesystem aufweist.Data carrier according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the biometric sensor has a signature reading system.
4. Datenträger nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Auslesebereich (2) Magnetspulen beinhaltet, welche durch Prozessormittel (3) ansteuerbar sind.4. Data carrier according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the read-out area (2) contains magnetic coils which can be controlled by processor means (3).
5. Datenträger nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Magnetspulen aus Leiterschleifen (8) bestehen.5. A data carrier according to claim 4, characterized in that the magnetic coils consist of conductor loops (8).
Datenträger nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Auslesebereich ein Magnetstreifen (102) ist. Data carrier according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the read-out area is a magnetic strip (102).
Datenträger nach einem der Ansprüche 1, 2, 3 oder 6 gekennzeichnet durch Mittel (109) zur Erzeugung eines Störfeldes. Data carrier according to one of Claims 1, 2, 3 or 6, characterized by means (109) for generating an interference field.
Datenträger nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel (109) zur Erzeugung des Störfeldes ein netzartiges Drahtgitter sind.Data carrier according to claim 7, characterized in that the means (109) for generating the interference field are a network-like wire mesh.
Datenträger nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Auslesebereich (202) aus einem Material mit ausrichtbaren magnetischen Momenten besteht.Data carrier according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the read-out area (202) consists of a material with orientable magnetic moments.
10. Datenträger nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Material mit ausrichtbaren magnetischen Momenten Flüssigkristalle (209) aufweist.10. Data carrier according to claim 9, characterized in that the material with orientable magnetic moments comprises liquid crystals (209).
11. Datenträger nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Datenträger Versorgungsmittel (6, 7, 106. 206) zur Versorgung mit elektrischer Energie aufweist.11. Data carrier according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the data carrier has supply means (6, 7, 106, 206) for supplying electrical energy.
12. Datenträger nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Versorgungsmittel (6, 7, 106, 206) Solarzellen (7) beinhalten.12. Data carrier according to claim 11, characterized in that the supply means (6, 7, 106, 206) contain solar cells (7).
13. Verfahren zum Auslesen von auf einem Datenträger gespeicherten Informationen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass biometrische Daten eines Benutzers mit gespeicherten biometrischen Daten verglichen werden und bei Übereinstimmung gespeicherte auszulesende Daten des Datenträgers physikalisch auslesbar gemacht werden. 13. Method for reading out information stored on a data carrier, characterized in that biometric data of a user are compared with stored biometric data and, if there is a match, stored data to be read out from the data carrier can be made physically readable.
14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die gespeicherten auszulesenden Daten des Datenträgers physikalisch auslesbar gemacht werden, indem sie in einen Auslesebereich (2, 202) auf dem Datenträger übertragen werden.14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that the stored data to be read from the data carrier can be made physically readable by being transmitted to a reading area (2, 202) on the data carrier.
15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die gespeicherten auszulesenden Daten in einem Auslesebereich (102) permanent gespeichert sind und physikalisch auslesbar gemacht werden, indem ein sich auf dem Datenträger über einem Daten tragenden Auslesebereich (102) erzeugtes Störfeld ausgeschaltet wird. 15. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that the stored data to be read out are permanently stored in a readout area (102) and are made physically readable by switching off an interference field generated on the data carrier via a readout area (102) carrying data.
PCT/CH2000/000577 1999-10-28 2000-10-30 Data carrier and method for reading out information WO2001031577A1 (en)

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US9697449B2 (en) 2013-04-12 2017-07-04 Cardlab Aps Card with an offset field generator
US10068165B2 (en) 2013-04-12 2018-09-04 Cardlab Aps Card, an assembly, a method of assembling the card and a method of outputting information
EP3035230A1 (en) 2014-12-19 2016-06-22 Cardlab ApS A method and an assembly for generating a magnetic field
US10095968B2 (en) 2014-12-19 2018-10-09 Cardlabs Aps Method and an assembly for generating a magnetic field and a method of manufacturing an assembly
US10614351B2 (en) 2014-12-19 2020-04-07 Cardlab Aps Method and an assembly for generating a magnetic field and a method of manufacturing an assembly
US10558901B2 (en) 2015-04-17 2020-02-11 Cardlab Aps Device for outputting a magnetic field and a method of outputting a magnetic field

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