WO2001027757A1 - Method for transferring a software module from a sender to a receiver in a computer system or network - Google Patents

Method for transferring a software module from a sender to a receiver in a computer system or network Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001027757A1
WO2001027757A1 PCT/NL2000/000720 NL0000720W WO0127757A1 WO 2001027757 A1 WO2001027757 A1 WO 2001027757A1 NL 0000720 W NL0000720 W NL 0000720W WO 0127757 A1 WO0127757 A1 WO 0127757A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
class
classes
receiver
sender
group
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NL2000/000720
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Erwin Joost Bolwidt
Original Assignee
Tryllian Holding N.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tryllian Holding N.V. filed Critical Tryllian Holding N.V.
Priority to EP00973256A priority Critical patent/EP1221092A1/en
Priority to KR1020027004459A priority patent/KR20020075857A/en
Priority to AU11785/01A priority patent/AU1178501A/en
Priority to JP2001530702A priority patent/JP2003511792A/en
Publication of WO2001027757A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001027757A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/46—Multiprogramming arrangements
    • G06F9/48—Program initiating; Program switching, e.g. by interrupt
    • G06F9/4806—Task transfer initiation or dispatching
    • G06F9/4843—Task transfer initiation or dispatching by program, e.g. task dispatcher, supervisor, operating system
    • G06F9/485—Task life-cycle, e.g. stopping, restarting, resuming execution
    • G06F9/4856—Task life-cycle, e.g. stopping, restarting, resuming execution resumption being on a different machine, e.g. task migration, virtual machine migration
    • G06F9/4862—Task life-cycle, e.g. stopping, restarting, resuming execution resumption being on a different machine, e.g. task migration, virtual machine migration the task being a mobile agent, i.e. specifically designed to migrate
    • G06F9/4875—Task life-cycle, e.g. stopping, restarting, resuming execution resumption being on a different machine, e.g. task migration, virtual machine migration the task being a mobile agent, i.e. specifically designed to migrate with migration policy, e.g. auction, contract negotiation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
    • G06F9/445—Program loading or initiating
    • G06F9/44521—Dynamic linking or loading; Link editing at or after load time, e.g. Java class loading

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for transferring a software module from a sender to a receiver in a computer system or network, wherein the software module comprises at least one object and at least one class, the object being an instance of the class (es) .
  • object-oriented software technology it is known to build a software module as a combination of so-called objects and classes, wherein the or each object that belongs to a class, is called an instance of the class.
  • the objects gener- ally contain only particular values for the variables specific to a predetermined software module, wherein the variables and methods to be carried out by the software module are defined in the class or classes.
  • a first object of the present invention is to provide a method of the above-mentioned type, wherein the data traffic within a computer system or computer network during transferring a software module is reduced. It is a further object of the invention to provide a method of this type, wherein a software module can be transferred in a secure manner.
  • each class or group of classes is provided with a class identifier
  • both the sender and receiver comprises a database of classes and groups of classes with corresponding class identifiers
  • the sender transmits the class identifier of a software module to be transferred to the receiver and the receiver checks its database for presence of the received class identifier, wherein the receiver transmits a message "present” or “absent” to the sender and wherein the sender transfers only the object of the software module or both the object and the class or group of classes depending on the presence or absence of the class or group of classes at the receiver.
  • the sender provides a class identifier by combining a given name of each class or group of classes of a software module and the result of a cryptographic hash function, wherein said result is obtained by executing a cryptographic hash function on the data file of the class or group of classes.
  • a secure identifier is obtained, wherein errors due to ldenti- cal identifiers for different classes or groups of classes are excluded.
  • the receiver checks a class or group of classes received from a sender by comparing the result of the hash function of the received class identifier with the result obtained by carrying out the same cryptographic hash function on the data file of the class or group of classes received.
  • Fig. 1 shows m a schematic way a computer network m which a method of the invention is implemented.
  • Figs. 2 and 3 show flow diagrams of the operation of a sender and a receiver in the method of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows in a very schematic way the Internet comprising a number of interconnected computers or servers 1 and computers 2 of users .
  • a user computer 2 can be connected to the Internet through a server 1 of an Internet service provider. If a user wishes to obtain information on a specific subject from the Internet, he can send a software agent with his request on the Internet to obtain this information.
  • Finding adequate information on the Internet is a problem m view of the huge amount of information available on the Internet.
  • Existing technology such as search engines store the most relevant mforma- tion from the complete Internet to find this information in a quick manner if a user requests such information.
  • Existing search engines show the disadvantage that searching the complete Internet from one location is time consuming so that such a search will not be carried out frequently and thereby the m- formation stored by the search engine is dated fast.
  • existing search engines use their own criteria which do not necessarily correspond with the criteria which a user would use.
  • a software agent searching the Internet with a request of its user may however use its own criteria for finding relevant information and the information can be obtained by communicating with other software agents also searching for information.
  • the software agents are transferred from one computer 1 to another computer 1 which causes a load of the network due to the data traffic involved m such transfers.
  • sender is used to indicate a computer 1 or 2 from which a software agent is to be transferred to another computer 1 or 2 which receiving computer is called receiver. It is noted however that the present method can also be used to transfer an agent being present m a directly executable format m a process executed m one computer to another process executed in the same computer. In this case the terms sender and receiver refer to such processes between which a software agent is transferred. It is further noted that m an application of the method in a computer network, such as the Internet, it is not necessary that all computers of the network are adapted or programmed to operate as sender and/or receiver.
  • Each software agent is made as a software module of an ob ect-oriented type.
  • the software module comprises one or more objects and one or more classes, wherein the objects are instances of the class or classes.
  • An object comprises data, such as variable values.
  • a class comprises definitions of the data structure, i.e. name and type of data fields, and definitions of functions or rou- tines which are carried out on the objects of the class. Objects or more particular the variable values of the objects often change due to the execution of the routines which are defined in the class. If a software module comprises two or more classes these classes will be indicated as a group of classes m this specification.
  • a software module is transferred from a first computer 1, the sender, to a second computer 1, the receiver, m the computer network, by transferring the class or classes of the software module only if the class or classes are not present at the receiver side.
  • a database is provided for storing classes or groups of classes, wherein a unique class identifier is added to each class or group of classes.
  • the sender transmits a start message to the receiver indicating "hereinafter follow all data of a software module". All objects which are part of the software module to be transferred are combined m a data file and this data file is transmitted to the receiver. Further, the sender transmits the unique class identifier to the receiver. Thereafter, the receiver checks its database for the presence of the unique class identifier received. The receiver transmits a return message "present” or “absent” to the sender and the sender transmits a data file with the class or group of classes only if a message "absent" was received. If Java is used as software language for the software module, the data files of the classes of one software module can be bundled into one data file by means of a Java tool JAR. The thus obtained data file is a so-called jar-file. Generally m the present method a class will contain a software routine or the like. Other embodiments could involve using classes containing refer- ence to routines or the like and not the routine itself.
  • the receiver obtains the software module by combining the objects received from the sender with the class or group of classes either retrieved from its database or received from the sender. If the receiver succeeds m combining the objects and class or group of classes, the receiver transmits a message
  • a receiver receiving new classes can store the class or group of classes together with the corresponding unique class identifier m its database for future use. In this manner the database will gradually be further completed reducing future data traffic.
  • the unique class identifier is preferably obtained m the following manner. First the user may give a predetermined name to a class or group of classes. This given name is a first part of the class identifier.
  • all classes of a software module are bundled into one data file which is the data file to be transferred if the group of classes is absent at the receiver side.
  • a program is executed determining a cryptographic hash function of the data file of the group of classes and the result of this hash function is stored.
  • This hash function re- suit is the second part of the unique class identifier.
  • any cryptographic hash function can be used which provides a result which is significantly shorter than the original data file, wherein a small change in the original data file provides a large change m the hash function result and wherein it is very difficult to determine an input data file leading to a predetermined hash function result.
  • the use of a cryptographic hash function provides security to the transfer method.
  • the receiver will always check the unique class identifier with the data file of classes received. To this end the receiver will execute the same cryptographic hash function on the data file of the classes and will compare the result of its own hash function with the hash function result in the class identifier. If a match is not found, the receiver will transmit a message "transfer not succeeded" to the sender and will terminate the transfer protocol.
  • the method described can be used advantageously in an Internet application of software agents, wherein the software agent travels on the Internet to search information and the like. However, it will be understood that the method results in the same advantages of reducing data traffic between processes running in one computer system or the transfer of software modules between computers in any type of network.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Software Systems (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer And Data Communications (AREA)
  • Stored Programmes (AREA)

Abstract

In a method for transferring a software module from a sender to a receiver in a computer system or network, wherein the software module comprises at least one object and at least one class, the object being an instance of the class(es), each class or group of classes is provided with a class identifier. Both the sender and receiver comprises a database of classes and groups of classes with corresponding class identifiers. The sender transmits the class identifier of a software module to be transferred to the receiver and the receiver checks its database for presence of the received class identifier. The receiver transmits a message 'present' or 'absent' to the sender and the sender transfers only the object of the software module or both the object and the class or group of classes depending on the presence or absence of the class or group of classes at the receiver.

Description

Method for transferring a software module from a sender to a receiver in a computer system or network
The invention relates to a method for transferring a software module from a sender to a receiver in a computer system or network, wherein the software module comprises at least one object and at least one class, the object being an instance of the class (es) .
In object-oriented software technology it is known to build a software module as a combination of so-called objects and classes, wherein the or each object that belongs to a class, is called an instance of the class. The objects gener- ally contain only particular values for the variables specific to a predetermined software module, wherein the variables and methods to be carried out by the software module are defined in the class or classes.
With increasing use of computer systems and networks, such as the Internet, there is an increasing transfer of software modules of the object-oriented type between processes executed within one computer system of between computers of a computer network. This increasing transferring of software modules results in an increase of data traffic within the computer sys- tern of computer network.
A first object of the present invention is to provide a method of the above-mentioned type, wherein the data traffic within a computer system or computer network during transferring a software module is reduced. It is a further object of the invention to provide a method of this type, wherein a software module can be transferred in a secure manner.
According to the invention a method of the above- mentioned type is provided, wherein each class or group of classes is provided with a class identifier, wherein both the sender and receiver comprises a database of classes and groups of classes with corresponding class identifiers, wherein the sender transmits the class identifier of a software module to be transferred to the receiver and the receiver checks its database for presence of the received class identifier, wherein the receiver transmits a message "present" or "absent" to the sender and wherein the sender transfers only the object of the software module or both the object and the class or group of classes depending on the presence or absence of the class or group of classes at the receiver.
In this manner a method is obtained, wherein data traffic during transferring software modules is significantly reduced as the classes or groups of classes need not to be transferred m all transfers of software modules.
According to a favourable embodiment of the invention, the sender provides a class identifier by combining a given name of each class or group of classes of a software module and the result of a cryptographic hash function, wherein said result is obtained by executing a cryptographic hash function on the data file of the class or group of classes. In this manner a secure identifier is obtained, wherein errors due to ldenti- cal identifiers for different classes or groups of classes are excluded.
According to a preferred embodiment, the receiver checks a class or group of classes received from a sender by comparing the result of the hash function of the received class identifier with the result obtained by carrying out the same cryptographic hash function on the data file of the class or group of classes received.
In this manner security m transferring software modules is guaranteed as receivers will refuse to use classes where the hash function result of the identifier does not match with the hash function result obtained by the receiver from the data file of the class or the group of classes received.
The invention will be further explained by reference to the drawings m which an embodiment of the method of the m- vention is schematically shown.
Fig. 1 shows m a schematic way a computer network m which a method of the invention is implemented.
Figs. 2 and 3 show flow diagrams of the operation of a sender and a receiver in the method of the invention.
A preferred embodiment of the method of the invention will be described as implemented by way of example m so-called software agents which can be used m a computer network, such as the Internet, for example for searching information on the Internet. However, it will be understood that the method of the invention is not restricted to this specific application. The method can be applied for transferring any software module of an object-oriented type as described. Fig. 1 shows in a very schematic way the Internet comprising a number of interconnected computers or servers 1 and computers 2 of users . A user computer 2 can be connected to the Internet through a server 1 of an Internet service provider. If a user wishes to obtain information on a specific subject from the Internet, he can send a software agent with his request on the Internet to obtain this information. Finding adequate information on the Internet is a problem m view of the huge amount of information available on the Internet. Existing technology such as search engines store the most relevant mforma- tion from the complete Internet to find this information in a quick manner if a user requests such information. Existing search engines show the disadvantage that searching the complete Internet from one location is time consuming so that such a search will not be carried out frequently and thereby the m- formation stored by the search engine is dated fast. Moreover, existing search engines use their own criteria which do not necessarily correspond with the criteria which a user would use. A software agent searching the Internet with a request of its user may however use its own criteria for finding relevant information and the information can be obtained by communicating with other software agents also searching for information. During searching the Internet the software agents are transferred from one computer 1 to another computer 1 which causes a load of the network due to the data traffic involved m such transfers.
In order to reduce the load of the network caused by transferring the software agent, the following method is used. It is noted that in the present description the term sender is used to indicate a computer 1 or 2 from which a software agent is to be transferred to another computer 1 or 2 which receiving computer is called receiver. It is noted however that the present method can also be used to transfer an agent being present m a directly executable format m a process executed m one computer to another process executed in the same computer. In this case the terms sender and receiver refer to such processes between which a software agent is transferred. It is further noted that m an application of the method in a computer network, such as the Internet, it is not necessary that all computers of the network are adapted or programmed to operate as sender and/or receiver.
Each software agent is made as a software module of an ob ect-oriented type. This means within the present description that the software module comprises one or more objects and one or more classes, wherein the objects are instances of the class or classes. An object comprises data, such as variable values. A class comprises definitions of the data structure, i.e. name and type of data fields, and definitions of functions or rou- tines which are carried out on the objects of the class. Objects or more particular the variable values of the objects often change due to the execution of the routines which are defined in the class. If a software module comprises two or more classes these classes will be indicated as a group of classes m this specification.
According to the method described, a software module is transferred from a first computer 1, the sender, to a second computer 1, the receiver, m the computer network, by transferring the class or classes of the software module only if the class or classes are not present at the receiver side. In those computers of the network adapted to function as a sender and/or receiver a database is provided for storing classes or groups of classes, wherein a unique class identifier is added to each class or group of classes. When a sender wishes to transfer a software module to a receiver, the sender and receiver start to communicate to check or whether or not the classes or group of classes of the software module to be transferred is present m the receiver. The steps of the method are schematically shown in figs. 2 and 3 for the sender and receiver sides, respectively.
To start the transfer protocol, the sender transmits a start message to the receiver indicating "hereinafter follow all data of a software module". All objects which are part of the software module to be transferred are combined m a data file and this data file is transmitted to the receiver. Further, the sender transmits the unique class identifier to the receiver. Thereafter, the receiver checks its database for the presence of the unique class identifier received. The receiver transmits a return message "present" or "absent" to the sender and the sender transmits a data file with the class or group of classes only if a message "absent" was received. If Java is used as software language for the software module, the data files of the classes of one software module can be bundled into one data file by means of a Java tool JAR. The thus obtained data file is a so-called jar-file. Generally m the present method a class will contain a software routine or the like. Other embodiments could involve using classes containing refer- ence to routines or the like and not the routine itself.
The receiver obtains the software module by combining the objects received from the sender with the class or group of classes either retrieved from its database or received from the sender. If the receiver succeeds m combining the objects and class or group of classes, the receiver transmits a message
"transfer succeeded" to the sender. If the receiver cannot combine the objects and classes, a message "transfer not succeeded" will be transmitted to the sender.
In this manner data traffic m the network will be significantly reduced as generally it will only be necessary to transfer the objects of a software module.
Of course, at any transfer of a class or group of classes, a receiver receiving new classes can store the class or group of classes together with the corresponding unique class identifier m its database for future use. In this manner the database will gradually be further completed reducing future data traffic.
It is noted that although m the above-described exam- pie, the objects and class identifier are transmitted from the sender to the receiver without interruption, its is also possible to transmit first the class identifier to check its presence at the receiver and thereafter the objects. However, the order described shows the advantage that the number of switchings from transmitting to receiving at the sender and receiver sides is reduced resulting in a further reduction of the time period for transferring a software module as switching m a computer network is relatively time consuming. In the method of the invention the unique class identifier is preferably obtained m the following manner. First the user may give a predetermined name to a class or group of classes. This given name is a first part of the class identifier. Further, all classes of a software module are bundled into one data file which is the data file to be transferred if the group of classes is absent at the receiver side. At the sender side a program is executed determining a cryptographic hash function of the data file of the group of classes and the result of this hash function is stored. This hash function re- suit is the second part of the unique class identifier.
It is noted that any cryptographic hash function can be used which provides a result which is significantly shorter than the original data file, wherein a small change in the original data file provides a large change m the hash function result and wherein it is very difficult to determine an input data file leading to a predetermined hash function result.
As a further option to provide a unique class identifier, it is possible to add the length of the data file as a third part to the unique class identifier. In this manner it is guaranteed that if a sender transmits the unique class identifier of a software module to a receiver and the receiver indicates that the class or group of classes of the unique class identifier received is present m its database, indeed the correct class or classes are available at the receiver side.
Further, the use of a cryptographic hash function provides security to the transfer method. The receiver will always check the unique class identifier with the data file of classes received. To this end the receiver will execute the same cryptographic hash function on the data file of the classes and will compare the result of its own hash function with the hash function result in the class identifier. If a match is not found, the receiver will transmit a message "transfer not succeeded" to the sender and will terminate the transfer protocol. The method described can be used advantageously in an Internet application of software agents, wherein the software agent travels on the Internet to search information and the like. However, it will be understood that the method results in the same advantages of reducing data traffic between processes running in one computer system or the transfer of software modules between computers in any type of network.
The invention is not restricted to the above described embodiment and can be varied in a number of ways within the scope of the following claims.

Claims

1. Method for transferring a software module from a sender to a receiver m a computer system or network, wherein the software module comprises at least one object and at least one class, the object being an instance of the class (es), wherein each class or group of classes is provided with a class identifier, wherein both the sender and receiver comprises a database of classes and groups of classes with corresponding class identifiers, wherein the sender transmits the class identifier of a software module to be transferred to the receiver and the receiver checks its database for presence of the received class identifier, wherein the receiver transmits a message "present" or "absent" to the sender and wherein the sender transfers only the object of the software module or both the object and the class or group of classes depending on the pres- ence or absence of the class or group of classes at the receiver.
2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the sender transmits first all objects and the class identifier to the receiver, wherein the sender transmits the class or group of classes to the receiver if a message "absent" is received.
3. Method according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the receiver obtains the software module to be transferred by combining the object received with the class or group of classes retrieved from its database or received, wherein the receiver transmits a message "transfer succeeded" or "transfer not succeeded" depending on whether or not the receiver succeeds in combining the object and class or group of classes.
4. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the receiver stores each class and group of classes with the corresponding class identifier received m its database for later use.
5. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the sender provides a class identifier by combining a given name of each class or group of classes of a software module and the result of a cryptographic hash function, wherein said result is obtained by executing a crypto- graphic hash function on the data file of the class or group of classes .
6. Method according to claim 5, wherein a sender further combines the length of the data file of the class or group of classes with the given name and the result of the hash function to provide the class identifier.
7. Method according to claim 5 or 6 , wherein the receiver checks a class or group of classes received from a sender by comparing the result of the hash function of the re- ceived class identifier with the result obtained by carrying out the same cryptographic hash function on the data file of the class or group of classes received.
8. Method according to claim 7, wherein the receiver transmits a message "transfer succeeded" or "transfer not suc- ceeded" depending on the comparison of the result of the hash function on the data file received and the result of the hash function of the class identifier.
9. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein senders and receivers are computers in computer network, such as the Internet.
10. Method according to claim 9, wherein the software module is a so-called agent for searching, exchanging and/or providing information on the network.
PCT/NL2000/000720 1999-10-08 2000-10-06 Method for transferring a software module from a sender to a receiver in a computer system or network WO2001027757A1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP00973256A EP1221092A1 (en) 1999-10-08 2000-10-06 Method for transferring a software module from a sender to a receiver in a computer system or network
KR1020027004459A KR20020075857A (en) 1999-10-08 2000-10-06 Method for transferring a software module from a sender to a receiver in a computer system or network
AU11785/01A AU1178501A (en) 1999-10-08 2000-10-06 Method for transferring a software module from a sender to receiver in a computer system or network
JP2001530702A JP2003511792A (en) 1999-10-08 2000-10-06 Method of transferring software modules from sender to receiver in a computer system or network

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL1013249 1999-10-08
NL1013249A NL1013249C2 (en) 1999-10-08 1999-10-08 Method for transferring a software module from a transmitter to a receiver in a computer system or computer network.

Publications (1)

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WO2001027757A1 true WO2001027757A1 (en) 2001-04-19

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EP (1) EP1221092A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2003511792A (en)
KR (1) KR20020075857A (en)
AU (1) AU1178501A (en)
NL (1) NL1013249C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2001027757A1 (en)

Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0778522A2 (en) * 1995-12-08 1997-06-11 Sun Microsystems, Inc. System and method for generating trusted, architecture specific, compiled versions of architecture neutral programs
EP0841615A2 (en) * 1996-11-08 1998-05-13 International Computers Limited Updating mechanism for software
US5845077A (en) * 1995-11-27 1998-12-01 Microsoft Corporation Method and system for identifying and obtaining computer software from a remote computer

Patent Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5845077A (en) * 1995-11-27 1998-12-01 Microsoft Corporation Method and system for identifying and obtaining computer software from a remote computer
EP0778522A2 (en) * 1995-12-08 1997-06-11 Sun Microsystems, Inc. System and method for generating trusted, architecture specific, compiled versions of architecture neutral programs
EP0841615A2 (en) * 1996-11-08 1998-05-13 International Computers Limited Updating mechanism for software

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Title
"OBJECT LOCATION ALGORITHM", IBM TECHNICAL DISCLOSURE BULLETIN,US,IBM CORP. NEW YORK, vol. 36, no. 9B, 1 September 1993 (1993-09-01), pages 257 - 258, XP002045269, ISSN: 0018-8689 *
IBM, CRYSTALIZ, GENERAL MAGIC, GMD FOCUS: "Mobile Agent Facility Specification", OMG TC DOCUMENT, 2 June 1997 (1997-06-02), XP002143104 *
OSHIMA, KARJOTH & ONO: "Aglets Specification 1.1 Draft", INTERNET, 8 September 1998 (1998-09-08), www.trl.ibm.co.jp/aglets/spec11.html, XP002143103 *

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NL1013249C2 (en) 2001-04-10
AU1178501A (en) 2001-04-23
KR20020075857A (en) 2002-10-07
EP1221092A1 (en) 2002-07-10
JP2003511792A (en) 2003-03-25

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